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County Agents Column
By Ed Hunt
Rye for Grazing
Rye will make a good win
ter pasture for you, and if you
plan to plant rye this year let
me give you a few pointers.
Make sure you plant the
recommended variety, and that
the seed are clean, certified,
and treated.
You need to seed around
two to two and one half bush
els per acre for grazing. As
you know rye for grain re
quires about half this much.
Planting date for this area
should be Sept. Ist.-15th.
Follow your soil test recom
mendations, however, a gen
eral recommendation is for
300-500 pounds of 6-12-12 per
acre. If the soil is low in pot
ash you should use 5-10-15.
Meet lime needs of the soil.
For topdressing for grazing
you will need 80-100 pounds
of actual nitrogen per acre.
For heavy grazing you need
to increase this to 100-130
pounds.
• » « *
If you plan to sow any win
ter grain for grazing or grain
you need to treat the seed or
have them treated.
Treating seed does three
things. It surface sterilizes the
seed, it protects the planted
seed from attack by seed-de
caying and seedling blight or
ganisms, and it will increase
your yield by increasing your
chances of getting a good
stand.
Make sure you apply these
chemicals at the recommended
rate. This rate was determined
by lots of research so you
know they know what they
are talking about when they
recommend a certain amount.
Let me urge you, too. to fol
low recommendations when
using these chemicals. Treated
seed should not be used for
food or feed, so make sure
you mark the bags of treated
seed. Also, take the necessary
Extension Agent’s Column
By Mrs. Sara Groves, HD Agent
SCHOOL SAFETY
As children head back to the ■
classroom, parents should make I
it a point to teach their child
to stop, look and listen before
crossing streets and roads.
Many of these youngsters are
attending school for the first
time and it’s extremely impor
tant that they know how to
practice safety in going to and
from school.
Children who ride bicycles
to and from school should be I
tested to be sure they know
and practice all of the safe
rules of riding on streets and '
roads. Local safety and police j
officials will likely have a :
checklist of what children |
should know about bicycle
safety. The bikes should also
be inspected periodically to be
sure they are in good condition.
Children should be taught to |
observe and obey all traffic reg- I
ulations.
Parents will also want to set
a good example by observing
and obeying all traffic rules j
and regulations. It is impor- j
tant to remember to drive
slowly near schools and where
children are playing or walk
ing. Many children may do the
unexpected. Many of them are
injured when running behind
parked cars or crossing in the
middle of an intersection. Don't
forget to be cautious when you
see a ball bouncing between
parked cars, because a child is
likely to be close behind it.
PRESS AS YOU SEW
Pressing is an important part
in sewing. Always press a seam
or dart before crossing it with
another line of stitching. Press
ing the garment as you go
gives a fmished appearance to
the garment that cannot be
obtained by waiting to press
until the garment is completed.
Dark cottons should be
pressed from the wrong side,
Chi’ (Gnittngtim
Rural and Urban Page
News Covering Agriculture, Family Living & Community Activities in Newton County.
precautions when in the act
of treating the seed.
♦ » ♦ *
Harvesting Timber
Harvesting the right trees
at the right time is the key to
I good timber profits.
Cutting all the good trees
in a fairly young stand doesn't
leave you much to go on. You
must grow larger and higher
quality trees in order to sup
i port the use of the land for
timber.
I This fall or winter you may'
I be planning to him out some
of your woods, and if you are.
may we urge you to plan ahead
so that you will reap more
profits from your timberland.
We have lots of forests indus
tries in the state, and I am
sure that they need higher
> quality products. So plan to
i harvest good quality timber, it
| will pay you in more ways
■ than one.
Wise use of the axe and saw
will keep you in business.
* ♦ » ♦
Safety With Mechanical
Cotton Harvesters
The accident always hap
j pens to the other fellow.
Are you always sure?
The other fellow probably
; thought the same thing, too.
Don't let your guard down
i and be involved in an accident
! here at harvest time. If you
are operating mechanical har
vesters in the cotton field there
j are certain precautions to take.
Be careful when getting on
or off the picker.
Do not attempt to oil. grease,
or adjust the picker head when
it is in gear.
Never operate the picker too
close to the edge of a ditch or
creek, and do not back down
steep grades or ramps.
Don't operate the machine
or any machine without the
safety shields.
These are just a few safety
suggestion for you when oper
ating a mechanical cotton pick
er.
|so they will not shine. If a
touch up is needed on the
I right side, be sure a press
i cloth is used.
Darts should be pressed over
a pad. A tailor ham or a press
ing mit can be used to give
shape to the dart area while it
is being pressed.
Press seams and darts light
ly, using steam, so the outline
will not show on the right side.
A piece of paper or cloth put
between the outer garment and
seam or dart while pressing
j will -help eliminate the over
pressed look.
NEW LABELS
FOR HOME SAFETY
Some hazardous household
products are labeled POISON
with the traditional danger
' symbol, the skull-and - cross
bones. Other products carry
the words DANGER and still
i others have the words CAU
TION or WARNING! Perhaps
I you have wondered about the
j difference in these caution
I words.
All household products which
are toxic, corrosive, skin or
eye irritants, strong sensitizers,
flammable, or extremely flam
mable, or generate pressure
which presents a special haz
ard, are required to carry
warning statements on the la
beling. Even though some such
products have carried warnings
for years, all of them must
have the label now.
The law and regulations in
the Federal Hazardous Sub
stances Labeling Act reserve
: the skull-and-crossbones and
the word POISON for highly
, toxic substances to warn of
i their extreme hazard. Highly
।, toxic products must also carry
' the word DANGER on the la
bel. All other products that
; i can cause illness or injury must
be marked with CAUTION or
WARNING.
, Instructions for safe use and
Feeder Sales
Scheduled for
Tri-County Barn
Over 4.000 head of Georgia’s
finest feeder calves are in the
process of being bought and
sold at 1963 feeder calf sales
throughout the state.
The series of seven sales
got underway this week with
a sale at Thomaston on Septem
ber 4 and another at Blakely
on September 5.
Others are scheduled for
Crowding Birds
May Not Mean
Higher Profit
Crowding laying birds can In
crease total production and total
income without increasing profit
or labor income, a member of the
Cooperative Extension Service
poultry department told Georgia
egg producers this week.
Jerry Cox of the University of
Georgia said increased production
costs and lower egg prices have
prompted some poultrymen to
crowd their birds in an attempt to
get more eggs without increasing
their investment in housing.
“In some cases.” Mr. Cox
stated, “the floor space allowance
has been decreased from the con
ventional two and a half to three
square feet per bird to as low as
one square foot per bird.”
The Extension specialist admit
ted this system is effective in in
creasing the number of eggs laid
per square foot of floor space, but
he added. “It may not be the most
efficient system.”
Crowding causes management
problems to develop. Mr. Cox
explained. He cited increased lit
ter dampness, a higher percen
tage of dirty eggs, and a larger
number of eggs broken in t h •
nests.
Mr. Cox continued that it takes
time and money to stir wet litter
or replace it. “It also costs money
to clean dirty eggs. Cracked eggs
must be sold at a reduced price,
and broken eggs are a total loss.”
He said all these factors add to
the cost of producing a dozen eggs
and must be figured when calcu
lating the cost of production.
Mr. Cox feels that complete and
accurate records are essential in
determining if the practice of
crowding birds is profitable on a
particular farm.
Pastures - Then and Now
By Ed Hunt
County Agent
Unlike farmers today, early
settlers in Georgia and Newton
county had no pasture prob
lems.
Family milk cows and horses
could be staked out most any
where with the assurance that
they could find plenty of forage
nearby. Cattle could be allowed
to roam at will in the nearby
woodlands to find plenty of
grazing on the native grasses
and plants which grew in abun
dance.
Native plants included cane
brakes, which grew on bottom
lands and up along small
streams; the wild pea vine, an
annual which volunteered in
the woods; wild vetches which
i storage must also appear on
the labels of all product® cover
ed under the Labeling Act. The
statement ‘ Keep Out of Reach
of Children” must now appear
on such labels.
Since the Federal Hazardous
Substance Labeling Act is now
law, it can be effective only
if parents and others avail
themselves of its protection.
This can be done by reading
and heeding the label.
♦ * • *
When you purchase a new
mattress, consider replacing
the bed spring.
Chances are the bed spring
is as old as the mattress being
replaced. If the spring isn't re
placed. the new mattress won’t
be completely satisfactory. The
spring supplies about one
third the total resiliency of
bedding when used with an in
nerspring mattress and about
two-thirds when used with a
i solid type mattress.
September 10 at Washington,
September 11 at Social Circle,
September 12 at Sylvania,
September 17 at LaFayette, and
September 18 at Valdosta.
Five of the sales are being
sponsored by the Cooperative
Extension Service, the Geor
gia Cattlemen's Association.
Georgia Beef Cattle Producers,
and the 1963 Demonstration
Feeder Calf Sale Committee.
Dr. O'Dell Daniel, head of
Extension's animal husbandry
department at the University of
Georgia, said feeder calf sales
offer advantages to both buy
ers and sellers.
He pointed out that all calves
will have been field inspected
under the supervision of the
local or area Feeder Calf Sale
Committee. All steer calves
will be sold in graded lots, and
only calves grading medium
or above will be allowed.
Dr. Daniel continued that all
cattle will be weighed upon
arrival and will be sold on ac
tual weight. All steers will be
graded on the basis of U. S.
feeder grades, and will be pen
ned according to grade, weight,
and color.
The sales also provide 4-H
Club and FFA members an op
portunity to obtain calves for
feeding projects. Dr. Daniel
pointed out that calves of show
caliber will be sold individual
ly-
The Extension animal hus
bandman said producers stand
to get a better price for their
cattle at the feeder sales than
they would get in the same
sale ring at regular auctions.
Calves sold in the 1962 feeder
sales, he pointed out. brought
two cents a pound above the
prevailing market price.
Dr. Daniel said the sales are
scheduled in a series to enable
buyers to make several of the
events and buy large numbers
of calves. He added that the
competitive bidding insures
sellers of getting market
prices.
The livestock specialist also
told Georgia producers that
the sales are an opportunity
for them to advertise their
beef cattle herds by selling
high-quality calves.
IRRIGATION OF COTTON
Irrigation may still be help
ful for cotton, especially in
North and Middle Georgia. If
cotton is beginning to show
wilt during the hottest part of
the day, the crop needs to be
watered. If water isn't applied,
according to Extension En
gineer Willis E. Huston, the
olants will begin to shed small
bolls and squares.
grew in winter; native wire
grass which grew under the
longleaf pines, and others such
as honeysuckle, beggarweed,
woody lespedeza, needle and
thread grasses, all of which
furnished some grazing.
True, it required five to 10
acres of such “pasture” to carry
one cow, but that mattered lit
tle because there was plenty of
woodland every where.
Today’s dairyman or beef
cattle grower couldn’t stay in
business long if he could not
provide better grazing on less
land per cow for his herds. He
must have a grazing system
which includes both perman
ent and temporary pastures to
provide year-round grazing.
That is why the Big M Pasture
Program is important to these
livestock growers today. It
helps provide these improved
pastures.
The goal of the Big M Pas
ture Program in this county is
to increase the carrying ca
pacity of pastures from .8 ani
mal units per acre to 1.5 ani
mal units per acre (An animal
unit is one mature cow or two
calves), or to put it another
way, to increase production 200
pounds of beef or 2.000 pounds
of milk per acre.
These are county wide goals
and it is a good idea for indi
vidual farmers to set up indi
vidual goals for each pasture
on their farms. For example, ;
good goal for a Coastal Be;
muda Grass pasture would b
8 tons of hay or the equivalen
in grazing per acre. By settin
up goals and then liming an
fertilizing to meet this produ
tion, farmers can get maximu
forage yields from their pa
ture.
Farm - Reared Youngsters
Best Prepared For Careers
When it comes to preparing for a career, youngsters raised
on the farm have a unique advantage over the urban coun-
terparts.
Most farm boys and girls
have years of on-the-job train
ing in agriculture by the time
they finish school — something
few youngsters interested in
other types of careers can
claim.
Figures show that a “seller’s
market” — demand exceeds
supply -- exists today in the
field of agricultural careers.
There are more job openings
available than people trained
to fill them.
According to recent surveys
conducted by the American
Association of Lan d-Grant
Colleges and State Universities,
Local Livestock.
Market Report
Tri-County Livestock Auc
tion Company sold 481 head
of cattle and 30 hogs Monday
for a total of $36,330.28. Milk
cows and springers topped at
$302.50; baby calves at $28.00
and pigs at $9.00. Stockers
sold from $95.00 to $135.00.
Price ranges were: calves.
$22.00 to $27.50; heifers, $lB.
to $22.; steers, $19.10 to $25.;
light bulls, sl4. to $17.; heavy
bulls, sl7. to $18.10; canners,
SB. to $11.; cutters, $11.50 to
$14.; fat cows, $13.50 to $15.50;
and hogs, $16.50 to sl7.
There were 183 shippers and
85 buyers, including 9 packers.
low * l * w ‘
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Phone 786-2232 5 East Square Covington, Ga.
there are 15,000 openings each
year for new college graduates
in the field of agriculture.
These same institutions gradu
ate only 7.000 students in the
agricultural sciences each year.
This means there are more than
| two positions open for each
college graduate in agriculture.
Os the approximately 60
million people now employed
in the United States, about 24
million work within the broad
field of agriculture. Six million
produce for and service the
; farmers, another ten million
process and distribute farm
products, and almost eight
million actually work on farms.
The number of farms is still
going down, but modern farm
technology has opened up many
jobs in related fields. Many of
these jobs didn’t even exist just
a few years ago!
For instance, the demand for
agricultural teachers is high.
High schools, colleges and agri
cultural extension services are
constantly looking for qualified
1 people to teach new techniques
' and methods being employed in
modern agriculture.
Businesses and companies
dealing in machinery, fertilizer,
seed, chemicals, etc., are turn
ing more and more to agricul
tural colleges for employees
who will eventually fill man
agement positions.
Government agencies and
। state departments are hiring
agricultural graduates in in
creasing numbers. According to
a recent article in the New
j Holland Grassland News, the
I largest employer of agricultural
graduates is the federal gov
ernment (January United St-
1 j
i ttA-. I
Kg
-A M
* sll^ '■
Photo by New Holland
Most farm-reared youngsters, like the one In this picture, have
years of on-the-job training in agriculture by the time they
finish school. Very few youngsters interested other protes*
I sions can claim the same advantage.
ates Department of Agriculture
payroll; 96, 104).
In recent years, through
government agencies and civil
ian programs such as the Peace
Corps, many agricultural
graduates are finding positioni
in the foreign service field.
And there's a continuing de
mand for home economists.
Salaries run from $4,500 to
$12,000 per year, and opport
unities exist in every state.
So the farm-reared young
ster has a unique opportunity if
he or she is planning for a
career in agriculture.