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JACK AND JILL Kindergarten pupils are pictured above as they boarded the train for a trip to Decatur
and Grant Park Zoo in Atlanta, Tuesday. A picnic followed in the park.
Flat World Becomes Round
By B. BROOKS SHELHORSE, JR.
Mathematics Department
LaGrange College
The concept of a spherical, or
“round” world is generally be-
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Jack And Jill Kindergarten Students Take A Train Ride To Decatur; Also Visit Grant Park Zoo
lieved to be a relatively modern
idea. Did not Christopher Col
umbus stand alone in his belief
that the world was round and not
flat as everyone of his time
“knew” to be the case?
Not entirely! While not the
view held by the general pop
ulace of Columbus’ day, the idea
of a spherical world was known
among the educated. It was an
old idea, having its origin several
hundred years before the birth of
Christ In the mathematically or
iented society of Greece.
From Homer we learn that the
Greeks of his time, the sixth
century before Christ, believed
the world to be a great disc floa
ting in an even greater sea. They
believed the heavenly bodies cir
culated in the sky around the
horizon to the north, and then
mysteriously reappeared in the
east the following night.
This notion of the earth was
destroyed when the enlightened
Greeks commenced to travel thr
oughout the world, much as to
day’s American tourists. They
noted that certain heavenly bodies
could be seen in one part of the
world but not in others. For
example, constellation Ursa
Major (the Great Bear) could be
seen from Greece In Its entire
route across the sky. However,
when It Is viewed from Egypt
the Great Bear dipped below the
southern horizon into the Sa
hara. Obviously, the earth had
to have some form of curved
surface.
Anaximander (611-547 8.C.),
one of the first Greek phil
osophers and astronomers, sug
gested that the earth was shaped
like a cylinder. He said the cur
ved portion of this cylinder re
presented the directions of north
and south; this curved portion ex
tended Indefinitely both to the
east and west. The land in the
farthermost western region was
supposedly the land of the dead.
The Idea of a completely spher
ical world is first credited to
Pythagoras. Be that as it
may, the argument propounded
was that a sphere was the only
shape which would remain In
equilibrium over all of its sur
face.
It wasn’t until a century later—
the early part of the fourth cen
tury before Christ—that the idea
of a round world received gen
eral acceptance. Credit for its
acceptance must be given to the
Greek philosopher Plato (430-349
8.C.), even though his reasons
for believing it were very flimsy.
Plato believed that the earth was
the center of the universe. There
fore, the shape of the earth must
be the most perfect shape pos
sible. Plato argued that a sphere
was such a shape.
Later Aristotle (348-322 8.C.)
gave a much better reason for
the “round world” theory. He
noted that whenever the sun,
earth, and moon were in a stra
ight line with the earth in the
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MRS. SYBIL ELLINGTON FINCHER sees that the Jack and JiU Kindergarten students get on the train
safely for the trip to Decatur. Many were taking their first train ride.
I News Notes From $
By Miss Irene Harvey £
“For we are stronger before
thee, and sojourners as were all
our fathers: our days on the
earth are as a shadow, and there
is none abiding.” 1 Chro-29:17.
♦♦ ♦ ♦
Rev. Wayne Dickson, pastor of
Hopewell A. R. Presbyterian
Church and Mr. J. W. Chesnut,
an elder left Monday for Bon
clarken, Flat Rock, North Caro
lina to attend the General Synod.
♦♦ ♦ ♦
Mrs. Joe Stewart and Mrs.
Dorris Farrow with Miss Pam
Cook of Jackson motored to De
catur Saturday afternoon.
** ♦ ♦
Mrs. A. W. Harvey and Miss
Holly Lunsford were Sunday din
ner guests of Mrs. Everett Veal
in the Cedar Shoals community.
*♦ * *
Mrs. C. B. Burnham, Mrs. Ola
H. Thacker and Miss Irene Har
vey with Mrs. Paul Stewart vis
ited Mrs. Bell Blanton in the Be
thany Community Tuesday after
noon.
♦* * *
Miss Pam Cook and Tim of
center (a lunar eclipse, in ot
her words) the shadow of the
earth as seen on the moon is
always circular. Hence, the
earth must be round.
THE COVINGTON NEWS
Jackson and Miss Nell Ridgeville
of Barnesville were weekend gu
ests of Mr. and Mrs. Joe Stewart.
** * ♦
The Avery family enjoyed a fish
supper Saturday evening at the Old
Home here.
** * *
Mrs. W. -D. Weldon, Jr., of Mc-
Donough was a visitor Sunday
morning of Mr. and Mrs. John
Weldon, Miss Gay Weldon and
Mr. W. D. Weldon, Mr. and Mrs.
Hulan Capes of Oak Hill were
visitors in the afternoon.
♦* * *
Mr. and Mrs. Riley Stewart
were Sunday evening supper
guests of Mr. and Mrs. Jack
Crumbly in Kellytown. They also
visited the Weldon’s in the after
noon.
** * *
Susan Cain of Atlanta was week
end guest of her grandmother,
Mrs. R. E. Chesnut and Gary.
Mr. and Mrs. Delton Cain, par
ents of Susan attended the re
union at Erskln College, Due
West, South Carolina on Saturday
and Saturday night joined Mrs. R.
E. Chesnut, Gary and Susan.
** * *
Mrs. Lillie Chesnut and Mr.
Johnny Stewart of Snapping Sh
oals, Mr. and Mrs. Jeff John
son of Atlanta were visitors Sun
day morning of Mr. and Mrs.
Joe Stewart.
** * *
Mr. and Mrs. Larry Darby had
as their Sunday dinner guests
Mrs. Stinchcomb and daughter of
Covington, Mr. and Mrs. Delton
Cain and Susan of Atlanta, Mr.
and Mrs. C. S. Chesnut and Char
les, Mrs. R. E, Chesnut and Gary,
Rev. and Mrs. Wayne Dickson,
and Carla, Mrs. C. E. Chesnut and
Mr. J. W, Chesnut.
** * *
Mr. and Mrs. Riley Stewart
visited Mr. and Mrs. Edgar Tha
cker and family Sunday after
noon in Salem community.
*♦ ♦ *
Mrs. John Weldon and Miss
Gay Weldon visited Miss Martha
Jane Stewart and Mrs. Lillie Che
snut Saturday afternoon at Snao
ping Shoals.
♦* * *
Mr. and Mrs. Albert Chesnut
of Stewart were recent visitors of
Mrs. C. E. Chesnut and Mr.
3. W. Chesnut.
** * *
Mr. and Mrs. Joe Stewart at
tended the birthday dinner Sunday
of Miss Pam Cook in Jackson
given by her parents, Mr. and
Mrs. Garlan Cook.
** * *
The Woman’s Missionary Soc
iety of HOpewell Presbyterian
Church held their monthly meet
ing in the Educational Building
Sunday afternoon. The opening
prayer was by Miss Sue Mc-
Donald. Subject: “Temperance
and Christian Living.” Sec
retary was the leader. She gave
the devotional and followed with
prayer. Then she gave the high
lights on Temperance. The bus
iness session followed with the
President presiding. The min
utes were read by the secretary,
Miss Irene Harvey and roll was
called. Miss Lurlene Thomp
son, the Treasurer gave the re
port. Mrs. Wayne Dickson gave
Bible study in Job. The pro
gram and Bible study were given
in a most interesting way.
No other business and the meet
ing was closed with prayer.
♦* * *
Misses Eunice Gail Thacker
and Bonnie Faye Gilbert of Hope
well Presbyterian Church were
among the graduates Monday
evening at Newton County High
School. Tommy Wilkerson and
Miss Lynda Griffin also of our
community graduated. Congra
tulations to all the graduates. We
wish for you the best through
life.
♦* * *
All who are sick, we wish
for you an early recovery and
those who are bereaved have our
sincere sympathy.
** * *
Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Ray of
Smyrna are visting their niece,
Miss Gyalish Ray.
♦* * ♦
Mr. and Mrs. Roy Davis of
Mansfield visited relatives here
Sunday afternoon.
♦♦ * *
Mrs. C. B. Burnham, Mrs. Ola
H. Thacker, and Miss Irene Har
vey visited Mrs. C. E. Chesnut
Tuesday afternoon.
Funeral directors normally
file the necessary papers with the
VA for payment of a veteran’s
$250-maximum burial benefits.
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449th Army Reserve
To Take Field
Training In Va.
One-h u n d r e d -seventy mem
bers of the US Army Reserve
from metropolitan Atlanta will
leave this weekend for two weeks
of Annual Field Training at Fort
Lee, Va.
They are members of the 449th
Field Depot of the Army Re
serve. Col. William C. Painter,
Jr., commanding officer, of 217
Westchester Dr., Decatur, said
the unit will leave Atlanta on 8
June 1969. On arrival at Fort
Lee, the men will perform mili
tary occupational speciality
training at Fort Lee and the De
fense General Supply Center in
Richmond, Va.
The 449th will also be the major
control unit for units of theUSAR
from Farrell, Penn.) Dover and
Seaford, Del., and for two Na
tional Guard units from Okla
homa. The 449th performs as a
command headquarters for supp
ly and maintenance units and,
in case of mobilization, could be
responsible for the operation of
an installation in a theater of
operations similar to the At-
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Speedup In Welfare Check
Issuance, Burson Announces
A sweeping modernization of
Georgia’s welfare check issuance
system which will get first wel
fare checks to eligible citizens
within one week of their approval
for benefits has been announced
by State Welfare Director Bill
Burson.
The streamlined system will
go into effect July 1 and repre
sents the implementation of a
six-month management improve
ment study undertaken jointly by
the Divisions of Business and
Social Administration of the State
Department of Family and
Children Services. It marks the
first time in the agency’s 32-year
history that modern business
methods have been applied to wel
fare benefits payment pro
cedures.
Under the Department’s cur
rent methods checks are mailed
on a staggered basis over a 20-
day period of each month and new
recipients whose papers are re
ceived in the State Offices after
the deadlines for their alphabe
tical sequences must wait until
the following month to receive
their checks. Under the new
system first checks will be mailed
within one week after receipt of
approval forms from the County
Departments and all subsequent
checks will be dispatched at one
time on the first day of each
month.
“Persons and families apply
ing for public assistance need
help in solving the problems that
caused their need for money in
the first place,” Burson stated.
“Our new Improved Benefits Is
suance System (IBIS) has been
lanta Army Depot.
The unit’s mission is to com
mand and provide for operational
planning, control and supervision
of assigned or attached units re
quired to operate a field depot.
The unit can provide support
of supplies and services to ap
proximately 75,000 to 85,000 tr
oops as well as the performance
of field service facilities that
would include field laundries, air
equipment maintenance and grav
es registration activities.
The 449th was redesignated as
a field depot in January 1968,
having been a quartermaster de
pot for a number of years. The
unit recently had its 22nd anni
versary as a unit of the US Army
Reserve.
Thursday, June 5, 1969
designed to answer critical money
needs and, at the same time, to
free welfare case-workers’ time
for social services to solve pro
blems.”
IBIS is based upon maximum
utilization of electronic data
processing techniques to assure
efficiency and economy of opera
tion by eliminating manual
paper - handling operations and
duplication of control functions.
A total of 20 forms will be eli
minated by the new system and
employees at both State and Co
unty levels will be freed to spend
more time on welfare services.
“This system marks the begin
ning of the end of paper-shuffling
in welfare,” the State Director
explained. “We have spent too
much time tied down by burea
ucratic red tape, and, as a re
sult, we have given more atten
tion to filling out forms than to
helping clients become self-suf
ficient.
“I believe welfare recipients
will welcome this change which
will get their money to them fas
ter and I am confident County
Commissioners will approve of it
because, by paying State welfare
checks with greater speed, the
demand for county-paid general
assistance on the local level will
be greatly reduced.”
The Improved Benefits Is
suance System was developed by
the Department’s Program Man
agement Officer, Dick Bridges,
and perfected by a Departmen
tal Task Force headed by De
puty Director Phil Cawthon.
“This certainly should dis
prove what some have said about
welfare people not being innov
ative and progressive,” Burson
said. “It makes me very proud
to be associated with such bril
liant and dedicated people. This
is just the beginning of the face
lifting we intend to give this
Department to get it out of the
Dark Ages and into the 21st Cen
tury.”
During the month of May the
Department mailed 165,248
checks totaling $10,538,204 to
282,311 needy Georgians.
ENGINE TUNE-UP
Call
GENE ASHLEY
PRATTS TIRE ond APPLIANCE
PHONE 786-8175