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Page 18
FORESTRY CHALLENGES
Georgia has 26 million acres
of forest land. These acres pro
vide the raw materials for an In
dustry whose products are valued
at more than $1 billion annually.
In fact, the forest Industry is the
state’s second largest, behind
textiles and textile manufactur
ing.
More than 200,000 people own
forest land in Georgia. The pro
duction of timber for present
and future generations depends
on how these people manage their
forests.
At the present time our forest
lands are producing at less than
one-half their potential. In other
words, good management prac
tices—including harvesting and
utilization—can double timber’s
contribution to the Georgia eco
nomy.
Dorsey Dyer, head of our Ex
tension forestry department,
says forestry In Georgia today
is faced with five major chal
lenges. These are: stand re
generation, optimum tree size,
harvesting and utilization met
hods, land ownership patterns
and the ad valorem tax situa
tion.
My office, located in the Court
house In Covington, has quite a bit
for free ride
to and from
the polls
Call
786-5000
or
786-2077
Dr. W. L. (Bill) Dobbs
Candidate for Mayor
Covington
S.J. Morcock Ben T. Banks, Jr.
Morcock & Banks Agency
It Pays To Know Your Insurance Man
Phone 786-8118
1134 Clark St. N.W. Covington, Ga. 30209
NURSERY
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I Clay Pots — Pruning Shears — Concrete Products — Fertilizer
County Agents
Column
By Ed Hunt
COUNTY AGENT
of up-to-date, practical informa
tion on forest management. Come
by or call. We will be happy to
share this information with you.
♦♦ ♦ *
FAMOUS FOR SHOWS
You know, the University of
Georgia Coliseum in Athens has
become famous as a place to hold
livestock shows. Not only state
shows, but regional and national
events as well.
This is understandable, once
you’ve seen the place. Its fa
cilities are unequalled anywhere.
It looks like the Great South
land Angus Futurity show and sale
is going to make the Georgia
Coliseum its home. Early next
year — on February 19 and 20 —
this event wiU be held there again.
Angus breeders throughout the
Southeast are already making
plans for it. Incidentally, this
will be the fourth time the Great
Southland has come to the Coli
seum.
The show - sale is sponsored
by the Georgia and North Caro
lina Angus Associations. In add
ition, South Carolina, Florida and
Alabama will be represented.
A nationally recognized judge
— Dr. Gary Mlnlsh of Virginia
Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg
(Best Coverage: News, Pictures, and Features)
NEWTON HIGH MAJORETTES scheduled to participate in the twirling clinic at the University of Geor
gia in Athens on Saturday, December 6, are left to right: Donna Morgan, Debbie Phillips, Gaylor Dial
and Kim Puckett.
—has already been signed for the
nationally recognized show.
Those dates again are Feb
ruary 19-20, 1970. Mark them
on your calendar. It will be an
outstanding livestock show in an
outstanding facility, the Univer
sity of Georgia Coliseum.
** * *
PECAN THIEVES
There are lots of squirrels,
jaybirds, crows, starlings, deer
and coons in Georgia. Any and
everyone of them Is a pecan
thief.
Unless steps are taken to pro
tect the nuts, these birds and ani
mals will get their share of the
1969 pecan crop. In fact, R. L.
Livingston, head of our Exten
sion horticulture department,
says predators will probably eat
between 10 and 15 million pounds
of pecans this year.
Pollution Problem
A SERIOUS POLLUTION PRO
BLEM In the nation’s Northeast
is being aggravated by shifting
patterns of land use that are
changing the region’s climate
and environment by making It
more humid, a Cornell Univer
sity scientist reports. Pollution
due to the use of pesticides and
fertilizers by the state’s far
mers is diminishing consider
ably. But, he said, the pollution
picture is being adversely af
fected because former marginal
farm lands, usually in hilly sec
tions, are being reverted to nat
ural forests.
The increased acreage of for
ests literally is changing the
region’s climate because the for
ests actually breath out vapors.
This forms the basis for attach
ments of smoke particles and
other air pollutants.
Majorettes To Take Part In Clinic
Research And Education Key
To Georgia’s Future Growth
Jekyll Island, Ga. Nov. 11 —
“Georgia sits as the hub of the
new and changing South and ag
riculture. We have the opport
unity to develop an economy the
likes of which few areas have
ever experienced,” said Dr. Hen
ry W. Garren, Dean and Coordin
ator, College of Agriculture, Uni
versity of Georgia.
Dr. Garren told several hun
dred Farm Bureau members and
delegates, gathered here at Jek
yll for the 31st annual Georgia
Farm Bureau Convention, that
“Agriculture is the largest in
dustry in Georgia. It returns a
cash income to farmers of sl.l
billion and 73 percent of all Geor-
Congressman Flynt
Says Pulp-Paper
Industry Is Giant
Callaway Gardens—The need
for the multiple use concept In
forest management was echoed
by Sixth District Congressman
John J. Flynt, Jr. tonight.
Speaking at the banquet of the
Conference on Multiple use of
Southern Forests, Flynt cited the
Importance of timber noting that
In the pulp and paper field, the
South has increased its production
by 250 percent over the last
20 years. Over this span Georgia
has been the leader.
“Parallel to the demand for
consumptive timber products”,
Flynt pointed out, “is a steadily
mounting demand for pleasantries
of the forest environment, outdoor
recreation, hunting and fishing,
wilderness, and natural beauty.”
The Georgia Congressman
emphasized that “a wider
adherence to and understanding
of the multiple use principle of
forest management could go a long
way toward meeting satisfactorily
the growing pressures on land
uses.”
He noted that our National
Forests have been managed under
a multiple use-sustained yield
policy given by Congress in a
1960 Act. Water, timber,
recreation, wildlife and range
are the specified resources to
be managed.
The effectiveness of this
multiple land use management is
evident In the anticipated harvest
of 13 billion board feet with sale
of about $237 million in 1970.
An estimated 171 million
recreation visitations are
expected in the National Forests,
“as compared with an actual
count of 156 million visitor days
of wildlife use.”
The job ahead, Flynt stated,
“is to upgrade small forest
ownerships so that they may be
able to generate better op
portunities to the individual owner
and the community.” “Multiple
use is not only an effective tool
in the management of forest
resources; it can be a weapon
in combatting the economic ills
that plaque many of our rural
communities.”
Congressman Flynt concluded
with “it is important to the South
that the people know and accept
the role of renewable natural
resources in the economy of the
Region. An effective practice of
multiple use in southern forests
that makes provisions for
the varied needs of different
forest users can be a plus factor
in building a favorable image
of the forest Industry.”
In a luncheon address, John s.
Gottchalk, director, Bureau of
Fisheries and Wildlife, u. S. De
partment of Interior, Washington,
took the ecological management
approach. He emphasized that
land management must be based
on a total concern rather than
on a piece-meal approach.
Gottschalk pointed out that
“CXir broad objective is to provide
the proper mix, that combination
of uses which best fits the public
Interest.” The public has become
alarmed about the deterioration
of the environment. “No longer
will we tolerate approaches which
do not take into account the safe
guarding of the fundamentals of
existence.”
We recognize that uses
of forests, wildlife refuges, or
whatever must be integrated,
mutually supportive and not
destructive.
When we have made this
recognition a reality we will,
indeed, have taken a “giant leap”
toward the ideal of ecological
management, Gottschalk con
cluded.
THE COVINGTON NEWS
glans engaged In manufacturing
are employed by firms consid
ered to be part of the agribus
iness complex.”
"The agricultural opportun
ities in Georgia are almost un
limited,” he said, “but before
the agricultural potential of Ge
orgia can be realized, research
must be continued to find ways to
utilize fully the state’s resour
ces of soil, climate, long growing
season, water and people.”
Dr. Garren went on to cite
several major problems facing
Georgia farmers, lack of and
cost of farm labor, uniform dis
tribution of rainfall for crops,
animal and plant diseases and
Insects, and the squeeze on farm
products and capital accumulat
ion.
“Agricultural research must
develop new and Improved labor
saving devices for soli prepar
ation, planting, harvesting, and
processing,” he said.
"It has become necessary for
agriculture to mechanize as rap
idly as possible,” he added. The
Agricultural Experiment Stat
ions, the Engineering Department
at the Coastal Plain Station, and
the Agricultural Engineering De
partment at Athens were pointed
out for the excellent work they
are doing In this area.
Mr. Garren told the group that
few consumers realized that the
improved efficiency in agricul
ture resulting mainly from re
search and education, makes it
possible for a family of five to
pay approximately $450 less each
year for groceries than they did
25 years ago.
Thus, he said, "it can be seen
that a continued strong research
and education program in the
years ahead can reflect to the
benefit of the total population.”
Georgia Had
37% Gain In
Employment
WASHINGTON — The South
Atlantic States led all other re
gions in the rate of job growth
between 1961 and 1968, the De
partment of Labor’s Bureau of
Labor Statistics has reported.
The number of workers on non
farm payrolls in these States in
creased 35 percent, compared to
26 percent for the United States.
These facts are from a newly
published statistical report —.
Employment and Earnings, States
and Areas, 1939-68, BLS Bulletin
1370-6.
Frontrunner among the States
was Nevada, posting an employ
ment gain of 70 percent over the
7-year span. Other States show
ing major employment gains were
Florida —45 percent, Alaska —
39 percent, Georgia — 37 per
cent, and North Carolina —— 36
percent. Employment growth
was smallest in Wyoming and
West Virginia with respective
gains of 6 percent and 13 per
cent.
Manufacturing employ meet
grew at the fastest rate in Ari
zona, gaining 65 percent, follow
ed by Arkansas — si'percent,
and Mississippi — 47 percent.
In Hawaii and Wyoming, by con
trast, the 1968 level of manu
facturing employment was below
that of 1961.
Since 1961 the earnings of fac
tory production workers in the
Nation have risen $30.17 to
$122.51, with 1968 average week
ly earnings ranging from $171.97
in Alaska and $164.15 in Michigan
to $88.48 in North Carolina.
Historical data on employment,
hours and earnings are contained
in this volume for each State,
the District of Columbia, and 212
areas. The industry detail re
flects the currently significant
economic activities in the State
or areas, and the changing indus
trial geography of America. This
report is a useful tool for com
munity planners, plant locations
experts, economic forecasters
and market researchers.
*♦ ♦ ♦
Milk production on Georgia
farms during September totaled
90 million pounds, according to
the Georgia Crop Reporting Ser
vice.
(Our Advertisers Are Assured of Best Results)
Manure Gases Dangerous
CHlCAGO—Everyone knows
about the incendiary tendencies
of Mrs. O’Leary’s cow as a result
of the great Chicago fire.
Few, however, know that
bovlnes are four-legged bombs.
To be more precise—and as
delicate as possible—a certain
by-product of the dairy industry
produces no less than four gases,
at least one of which is highly
explosive.
Now, most persons might find
this to be an esoteric—perhaps
almost non-existent—problem.
Not so, says W. J. Fletcher
of the National Safety Council’s
Farm department.
Gases from manure pits,
Fletcher says, have caused
both human and animal deaths.
In fact, an explosion caused
by one of these gases—methane—
is known to have literally lifted
a dairy barn from Its foundations.
Fletcher—who was born and
raised In farm country—says that
in the good old days the only safety
precaution necessary with
manure was to watch your step.
Urban sprawl and labor
shortage, Fletcher says, have
changed all that.
Today’s farmer, he says, relies
more and more on confinement
feeding—that is, you keep
the cows in the barn—and the pit
storage of manure.
The manure, he explains, drops
through slots in the barn floor
directly into storage pits below.
Disposal Is not required
for several months, which helps
to drastically cut labor costs.
All this would seem like
progress, particularly to anyone
who has ever had to shovel manure
with a pitch fork.
Unfortunately, however,
potentially hazardous gases—
primarily ammonia, carbon
dioxide, methane and hydrogen
sulphide—can, and frequently do,
build up to dangerous con
centrations.
Some of these gases,
particularly hydrogen sulphide,
are poisonous, and, among other
things, Fletcher advises persons
working in or around manure pits
to use—are you ready for this?
—self-contained air breathing
apparatus, the same SCUBA
equipment as used by underwater
sports enthusiasts.
Trie situation might seem
humorous, Fletcher says, but
when you consider the hazards
of each of the major gases in
volved you begin to realize the
situation Isn’t particularly funny:
Ammonia, lighter than air, Is
highly irritating and absorbed
readily in water but is easily
removed by ventilation.
Carbon dioxide, heavier than
air, is not detectable by smell,
but a tankful of It will suffocate
a person if he stays in the area,
passing out beford he knows
what’s wrong.
Methane also causes suf
focation but usually rises
and escapes a building even
without ventilation, ft is explosive
and can cause considerable
damage if ignited.
Hydrogen sulphide has a rotten
egg smell and Is poisonous. As
little as 500 parts per million
will restrict breathing and may
make artificial respiration
necessary.
Levels as high as 800 parts
per million of hydrogen sulphide
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have been measured at slat level
over a manure pit. ft is heavier
than air and almost always
present over a manure pit.
Hydrogen sulphide tends to
paralyze the diaphragm.
Fletcher says any closed space
may be gas-suspect—silo pits,
septic tanks, even well pits—
and warns that agitation of pit
contents will release large
quantities of gas.
All tanks, Fletcher cautions,
should be treated as though they
contain explosive gas. That is,
no matches or other open flames
should be permitted.
The NSC agricultural engineer
makes the following specific
Pulp-Paper Aids Economy
ATLANTA — The South’s
flourishing pulp and paper
industry last year pumped $1,734
billion into the region’s economy
—nearly $33 for each citizen of
Dixie.
“This sum, generated by pay
rolls and by pulpwood purchases,
presented a 20% Increase over
the 1966 total of $1,441 billion,”
said George E. Kelly, Executive
Vice President of Southern Forest
Institute. The figures were
revealed In the 1968 Economic
Analysis. Released this week,
the study is the seventh biennial
survey of the industry conducted
by SFI (formerly Southern Pulp
wood Conservation Association).
Kelly noted that 13 pulp and
paper mills have come into pro-
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MANAGER 786-8819
Thursday, November 27, 1969
recommendations for manure pit
work:
. Never work alone.
Use a lifeline and make sure
there is power enough to lift
a victim clear .of the tank.
ft you must go inside a tank,
ventilate the tank before entering
it and during the work.
Test for combustible gases
and oxygen level with a miner’s
lamp or other testing device,
not with an open flame.
Use (as mentioned above)
self-contained air breathing
apparatus (SCUBA) if in doubt.
Let’s see, if Mrs. O’Leary’s
cow and a lantern could burn down
almost all of Chicago, then...
duction in the 12-state area since
1966, bringing the total to 100.
Payrolls for these mills topped
$9lB minion last year. Pulpwood
purchases hit $815,658,000.
Since the first Economic
Analysis was published in 1956,
the industry has added 37 mills
Four more are currently under
construction. In the same period
of time, the number of
professional forresters employed
by companies has risen 60% to
1,647. Pulpwood pruchases have
more than doubled.
Kelly noted the industry has
advanced markedly in utliization
of what were formerly sawmill
and veneer mill residues.