Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

COMMISSIONER NESBITT Department or Agriculture. Atlanta, Not. 1, 1892. Tba month of October, cm-the whole, haa been moat favorable for gathering tba crops of corn and cotton, and the farmer* have ahown great energy and cam in placing the fleecy staple beyond tba reacn of injury from unfavorable weather. Throughout the state the yield is the poorest in ten years. Today the fields are almost bare, nothing in the plants to mature. In other words, the crop is gathered for this season, and the results are moat unsatisfactory. There has not ditious has been more conspicuously marked. Where the proper preparations were made in time and the soil had. even in moderate Quantities, the requisite ele ments for plant£growth, and where en ergy and sound judgment have charac terised the planting and subsequent cul tivation, the yield is. notwithstanding adverse seasons, fairly good. But where there was late planting, light manuring, or no manuring at all. and where the cultivation was slow and im perfect, the yield is the poorest I have •ver known. The experience of the past twenty-five years should convince every farmer, who waa allured by the high prices of cotton directly after the war into fol lowing the “one-crop” system, that an agricultural people never made a greater mistake than in staking their all single issue. The making of these cessive crojw has cost not only vast of borrowed money, bnt has consumed time ami talent and energy, and worn out a soil that once possessed every ele ment for producing, in abundance, all thee s suited to onr climate i out its injurious 'exrects. vvitn oc- j leave tne nanaa or the manufacturer or _ _ crop | dealer. Briefly stated, it provides that irould have matured, whereas by the j *U manufacturers or dealers must regis- dry, warm weather, small bolls have ’ fully, impressed the past season with the undeniable fact that most of our surface soil is lost to ns forever, and, even in more favored sections, where the lands are level, the manifest decline. In both plant growth and yield, at marked as to cause grave apprehension for the fntnro success of our agriculture. This depleting, wearing out system cannot continue indefinitely, the end must come ere many years roll around, and then what are we to do ? We have bad all the teams and every farm appli ance pulling everything down hill since the war, we have nearly reached the bottom, and what then? Can yon show me any section of the state where the fmrma have lteen made richer mul more productive ? Of course there are in dividual exceptions, and where yon find these exceptions you generally find plenty of home supplies and prosperity. Bnt as a rule the answer to this qnes- tion must be unfavorable. The truth is our farms are growing poorer with each succeeding crop. We all realize that it is much easier to exhaust and tear down than to reclaim and build up these old fields. But they can be reclaimed, and we owe it to ourselves, to onr children to set about the task. It is estimated that only about 5 per cent, of thoee engaged in trade ever ac cumulate wealth, quite a large nnmlier succeed in gaining a comfortable sup port, but many in all occupations from fail of their object, and these become the chronic grumbler* and fault-finders in every community, and attribute to bed laws and unfavorable seasons the misfortunes and disappointments which have fallen to their lot. The successful fanner must lie a man of energy and tact, wide uwnke and ever ready to take on any information regarding his work. He is not a grnm- He recognizes the fact that the limit of K faction in this country has never i reached—that we are years behind the fanners of many European coun tries. These people, from necessity, their dense population forcing them to the moat extraordinary efforts to gain a livelihood, have learned to exercise the greatest care in saving every element of plant food; in concentrating their work; fn adopting the most advanced and in telligent systems of farming. They have learned the lesson which we are just beginning to study—that is. how to reap the largest and most profitable yield from the smallest area. These thoughtful, busy workers are demon strating that, even under continuous cultivation, lands can be worked at a profit and at the same time kept np to a high degree of productiveness. To reauxe the utter absurdity hopelessness of continuing to cultivate land In the same cron without rest change, one needs only to ride over this state and examine the yield on these fields, which have been devoted to cot ton year after year. To a tliongl: mind the eight is a most depressing We generally occupy the position which we make for ourselves, and we cannot reasonably hope to fill a higher one. The farmer who allows his lands to “run down” year after year and then expects to realize an independence from them, is making the grand mistake of hi* life. It is tne man and not the farm that determines its value. It is true that there is a difference in location, climate and nature of soil, but there is a wider difference in the men who use these conditions. Professor Brewer well Illustrates this idea by a case which came under his own observation, neighbor bought a farm for $20 an a He ao improved it that in three years he waa offered $000 an acre for it. At his dsath it sold foe $350 an acre. Inaf years the purchaser sold it for $100 read and think for ourselves. Let us emulate the example of our more pro- strive and successful neighbor. There Is plenty of room at the top of the lad der, only crowding and disappointment at the bottom. Let ns struggle “higher up," where comfort and abundance been forced open prematurely. The Unt from such bolls is very tight, and in ginning goes largely to motes. From a careful consideration of reports and personal observation of the condition of the crop in a part of the state, we feel laying that the crop for this II not be more than S3 per cent, of that of last year. These figures take into consideration not only the small yield per acre, but also the reduction in acreage. CORN. The corn crop of this year is the largest made in the state for a number of years. While the crop of last year probably in the northern part of the state exceeded in the yield per acre, yet considering the increased acreage and the yield in other portions of the state, • the department regards this as the largest crop during toe past decade. GRAIN. The sowing of wheat and oats has been retarded by the dry weather, but we trust that the farmers will put in larger crops of small grain than hereto fore. The fall is the proper time to begin to prepare for a decreased acreage in cotton, and for bringing up land by diversified farming. Let those who have undertaken to renovate their lands and to make their farms self-sustaining continue in their efforts, in this the right direction. The advance made in the price of cotton leads to the hope of higher prices, bnt let it be always re membered that if a better price is to be obtained that the acreage must be dneed and the size of the crop minished. Over-production will afa . result in a depression of the market, and living prices cannot be expected where a surplus remains on hand. WORK OF TIIE DEPARTMENT. Perhaps more than any other depart ment of state the agricultural depart ment has been confronted with opposi tion. In many instances this opposition grows ont of the fact that the work of the department is not thoroughly under stood in other cases out of the idea, that supported by taxation the expenditures exceed the lienefite conferred on the people. It is true that a part of the fund that snp]»orts this department derived from tin* general fund, but such is only the case liecause a great part of the fees collected through the agency of the department go to the school fund. In the biannual report of the depart ment to the governor the gratifying result was shown that the fees collected from inspections that come under the supervision of the department were more than ample to meet every expendi ture for the entire department in all its which these figures were taken was unusually small one as regard* th< business done In commercial fertilizers, a conservative estimate to place lount that will lie unusually de rived above all exjienditures at $10,000 During 15*91-92 the change in the law in regard to the fees of inspectors of oils was not in full force, and an increase from this source can be reasonably pected. SUPERVISION OF INSPECTION*. Two classes of inspection are under the direct control and supervision of the department and the benefits derived from these inspections perhaps presents the work of the department in its most tangible form. The inspection and of fertilizers we regard as of : vital inqiortance to the farmers for whose benefit the department waa especially created. The history of the fertilizer business, prior to the inspection 'em. shows its immense benefits. In courts of nearly every county where fertilizers were lined were found cases whero farmers, deriving no benefit from the goods purchased, were contesting at a great disadvantage the worth of the goods. The following from the report of the commissioner to the governor gives briefly the law on the subject of fer tilizer inspection, with some other mat ters of importance to the department. __j bad plenty of sunshine and \ weather for harvesting crops over ZMsrljr the entire state. Fanners have fretted thrauehre, ol the fine oppor tunity and gathering haa nrogreawd rapidly, fa the southern portion of the sUtsootton picking is far advanced, and with a few more weeks of fine weather the entire crop will be gathered. In middle Georgia cotton is nearly all opeoed and licked, and in northern Georgia much of the crop is ont. Corn gathering and the housing of peas contorted rapidly through toe weather, and a great part of the work ter the guaranteed analysis of the brand of a fertilizer they sell or propose to offer for sale. This guarantee is placed on record in the office and is also branded on the sack, that norchasers may ascertain without difficulty toe standard up 'to which the goods must corns. In order to maintain a high standard, the law also requires all am- mania ted goods to contain two per cent, of ammonia, with a total of right per cent, of available phosphoric arid and potash. To give farther protection, and to better enable purchasers by name and without reference to the guarantee to know something of the goods pur chased, I passed an order, under the power conferred by the bill, requiring all fertilizers offered for registration, inspection or sale branded as either of the following: Ammoniated Super phosphate, Ammoniated Dissolved Bone, Ammoniated Guano, Gnano, Fertilizer, or in other words, implying that the same is an ammoniated superphosphate. The guaranteed analysis must claim that it contains not less than two per cent, of ammonia (actual or potential). After registration the manufacturer ■ dealer may order as many tags as he es proper, specifying upon what brand or brands they are to be used. These tags are now, more properly speaking, registration tags, as they do not signify that the fertilizer has been actually sampled, but only that the conditions precedent to selling or offering for sale hare been complied with. When the sales are made it is the duty of the manufacturer to notify the department of the number of tons, the name of the consignee and where shipped. A failure on the pert of manufacturer* to comply with these conditions renders the sale absolutely void. The inspectors are directed where to make inspections, as each sale is recorded in the office. They are also sent ont on general trips through the territory assigned them, taking earn- K ies wherever found and reporting to the epartment the name of tho brands, with the guaranteed analysis found on the sack. While samples are not taken from every shipment, the fact that a large number are drawn in every part of the state, and the inability of the manufacturer to tell from what samples analysis will be made, upon which de pends his future business in the state and his collections, furnishes, we be lieve, a perfect safeguard. In regard to the price of fertilizers in the state, it is gratifying to report that onr farmers are able to purchase at as small cost as in any state in the union. Our tonnage tax is so low as not to be considered in making the selling price, which was not the case while the tax remained at fifty sents per ton. While the tax is only ten cents per ton, it will be seen by the receipts from this source that a sufficient sum is raised to main tain the entire inspection system, and without taxation, protect onr farmers from many frauds and impositions. Did the manufacturers add ten cents to every ton of goods sold, which they do not, the farmer could well afford to pay this small fee to insure him against adul terated and spurious goods, and secure for him a service that would otherwise cost him from ten to fifteen dollars. So firmly am I convinced of the necessity of a thorough system of inspection that, were it necessary to support it by gen eral taxation. I believe tne state would be compensated by the amount saved from burdensome litigation that would result did no such system exist. How ever. the present tonnage tax has nroven far better than any other methoa and. supporting itself, adds several thousand dollars annnally to the school fund of the state. GLANDERS. WAYCROSS HIGH SCHOOL. THIS SCHOOL WILL BEGIN ITS FIFTH YEAR The Fifth Hnday in Septeaher. Additions have been made to the building, which fa now ca pable of holding -*-400 PVPIL-S.* The building i* well furnished throughout. The corps of teachers have been ad ded to and strengthened, and the aim has been to get The Very Best Instructors Regardless of Eipense. No School in Georgia Holds a Higher Bank for Thorough ness in the Branches Taught. Waycross is very healthy and board may be obtained at REHSONHBLE RHTES. i of national reputation Rates of Tuition 3jOW. For further information apply to the undersigned. II. W. UEKD, Pre*. Board of Education, or J. M. MARSHALL, Skd’y. Board of Education*, I* supplying llw* public with ♦ Groceries, Hay and Grain, Canned Goods, AND EVERYTHING KEPT IN A FIRST-CLASS GROCERY. A Fine Line of Tobacco and Cigars. NEXT DOOR NORTH t T. E. Lanier’s Jewelry Establishment. Quality First-Class. Convinced. PRICES THE LOWEST. The Inspectlun of Fertiliser. The imperative necessity for laws governing the inspection of fertilizers has been recognized by the legislative bodies of nearly oil the states. The first law pas*ed ou this subject in Geor gia was lu 1868. Being of an experi mental character it was inadequate to protest against various frauds that might be sought to be perpetrated, and so framed that the subsequent large business that developed would have afforded immense revenue to the offi cials executing the law. Under this law the inspector, or party drawing the sample, was at the same time the chem ist making the analysis. It was the duty of these officers when requested to inspect fertilizers at any point within the state, and to furnish certificates of such inspection. It made unlawful for any person to sell fertilizers without such certificate of inspection, for mak ing which the inspector received fifty cents a ton. The act creating this sys tem provided for no general super vision of the work of the ii tors, each being an independent < in that section of the state in which he was located. Naturally, therefore, when the act of 1874. creating the de partment of agriculture, was passed the head of this department was placed in charge of all inspections. The use of fertilizers rapidly increasing the neces sity for a change in the law became ap parent, and to meet this the act of 1877 .was passed. Could this law have been |o executed as to have each shipment inspected the protection wonld have been ample, bnt the consumption be- so large that inspections in balk made to facilitate business. These inspections afforded no sufficient pro tection, as the goods remaining in the hands of the manufacturer after the sample was drawn were subject to sub sequent adulteration and manipulation, in which event the analysis of the sam- would not represent the goods sold, cognizing this when I came into office ideavored to avoid this class of in spections by passing an order directing all inspections to be made after the goods were sacked and ready for ship ment. With the force at the command of the department it was found impos sible to make all inspections in this way, and that inspections in bulk were una voidable that the business might be con ducted without delay. Realizing the insufficiency of these inspections I presented ‘a bill to the last gen eral assembly which made a radical change in the system. This bill became the law and does, I believe, furnish a pei feet protection against any ordinary effort to t>lace spurious goods on the market and renders any class of fraud almost certain of detection. Already, under its operation, honest errors made by manufacturers in sacking goods have been discovered and the mistakes recti fied to toe advantage of the farmers. The provisions of the new law are such that the manufacturer or dealer who sells goods below the state standard, places himself in danger of rendering void all transactions for the year, and of haring the state prohibited for subse quent sales. Tbs opportunities ami chances for detection are so great that no dealer or manufacturer would risk the great loss entailed by discovery of illefptimate sales for the sake of the benefits that would be derived from fraudulent transactions. That act totally abolishes all inspection in hoik, and all insnections are made after the goods HAPPY!! NO NAME FOR IT! This Gentleman has found the most extensive and complete es tablishment of any kink in Way- cross. A regular MULTUMIN PARVO. Where they make anything in wood from a Pine Plank to an to an Elaborate Sideboard in the highest style of art. — GOOD SOLID ICE . Delivered at your door or shipped in any quantity, anywhere. FGLE< TRIC LIGHTS For Street, Store or Dwelling. We refer to the Satilla Manufacturing Company, WHOSE OFFICE AND WORKS ARE IN WEST WAYCROSS. Fancy Furniture, Moulding, all kinds of Wood Carving and Turning. Two immense dry kilns. Bone Dry Lumber Dressed and worked. Stove wood at your door at $1.00 for for two-liorse wagon load. Agent for Fay’s raanilla building paper. No -w. P. LEE. GOT STUCK By not going to J. T. PALMER’S Shoe More. to this department, many complaints have been made by letter, ami in cases of alarm, by telegram, of glanders among stock in the state. Our laws make no provision for such cases, and 3 your Excellency I would re* Assembly to the necessity of | Brunswick and Western Railway. providing some means to suppress and prevent toe spread of this loathsome disease, without deeming it proper in this report to suggest the method. When it has been within the power of the de partment, without too groat an ex penditure. cases have been investigated, bnt with no power to act beyond the investigation, and with no means at the command of the department, except what has been saved from the general fund appropriated to the department by economy in other directions, I feel that the department is unequipped to handle the matter and to prevent the spread of the disease now in its infancy, and, in case of an emergency, to do what wonld be necessary to prevent a disastrous de struction of our stock. So far, a wil lingness on the part of thoee who own diseased animals to destroy them for the benefit of the community has been shown: bnt should the owner of one affected animal conclude not to permit it to be killed, it is difficult to say to what extent the disease might spread. At toe last session of the general as sembly, Mr. Chappell, from Laurens county, introduced a bill providing for compensation when glanderod stock was killed; but that measure did not meet with the approval of a majority of the bouse, and failed to pass. Competent veterinarian surgeons are of the opin ion that nearly, if not all, the case* found in the state are brought in by Texas stock, and, maintaining this view, a number of states have enacted quarantine regulations against such stock, requiring its inspection. The fact that thi3 disease not only destroys stock, hut also endangers human life, to my mind furnishes sufficient argument why legislative action of some charac ter should be taken. Again, chronic cases of glanders may remain in a com munity for months, spreading many cases of the disease in its acute form without its source being discovered. Such conditions evidently demand an investigation by a surgeon who thor- ouchlv understands his work. Ths dowager queen of Wurtemberg is Count Westerlo has minister for foreign affairs in the ^pointed Belgian I have just re ceived a new lot of Ladies’, Mis ses and Child ren’s Fine Shoes which I am of fering at remark ably low prices. J. T. PALMER, Owens Block, 3d door from cor. k. Jit., Manager. Time Table. In Effect May Stli, 1802. Subject to Change Without Notice. in Brunswick to Albany. KK.tD POWNWAKD. no No *10 45 10 52 0 15*11 29*12 CO ];. A W. Shops.... Mile Tumi ........... Jamaica............. ......... Waynesville Atkinson............. Lulstnn - Xahunta Hoboken Sohlatterville— WAYCROSS Wsrcsboro— *10 29 *10 20 10 00 McDonald Pearson . -Kirkland- ........... Wwtonla- M Mile Post .—Gray’s. - Willacoochee Alapaha ........... ......—.Knign>a.;.red.re.«. -Brookfield Tiffon ...........Ty-Ty 55 ......Sumner.—.......... 02 Poulan 2 10 Isabella ..Willingham .. Dsvfa——........ No. 6.1 No. 12 Daily 11 tally ~ ' K. S. f a 23, 3 15 3 00 4 IK s 2 31). 3 50 1 35 600 4 45 4 15 7 16 A. M. 7 06 656 6 44 n. R. B. KEENE, Plumbing, Gas Fitting, TIN. SHEET IRON AND COPPER WORK. STEAM FITTING A SPECIALTY. TIN ROOFING AND JOB WORK. DEALER IN PiinipM. i*ipe, Steam, mi<l Water Fit ting. Wells Driven at Short Notice, and Every Well GUARANTEED. Plant Aveone, Near Canal Way •cross, Georgia. E. H. CRAWLEY, Sr, IIRADQUARTKRK FOR GILUON & HUDSON, FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, Furniture, Stoves, Dry Goods, Notions, ALSO A COMPLETE LINK OF SHOES, HATS, CROCKERY AND HARDWARE. As I desire to give the j»eople the lx-nefit of my cash trade, all Furniture and Stove* will l*e sold low down for cash. Parties desiring to (rtirehase these good* will do well to state that they intend to pay cash, so ns to get the lienefit of Cash PS. I WII.I. BE PLEASED TO PRICE GOOD* AT ANY TIME. Oonrt House Square. dsath Sunday. Twtlva new casts of cholera and four reported to the health officials , Hamburg will m the epidemic l The Observer announce* that it has .earned on the best of the authority that at the last cabinet meeting it was defi nitely decided not to retire from Uganda. Baroness Burdett-Coutts has ordered the contractor tor the fishery schools in Baltimore, Inland, to prepare tor the Chicago’* World’s Fair a model of the New York. Nor. A Tennyson memorial service waa held at the bride Presbyterian church, at Fifth avenue and Thirty-Ninth streets. Sunday morn ing. by the Rev. Henry Van Dyke. The edifice waa crowded to the door*. The pastor, who was a warm personal friend of the late poet laureate, and spent last summer at his home at Aldworth, preached a touching^ memorial sermon. waycross iron ms, WAYCROSS, GEORGIA. IT AVING added all necessary Machinery to our shop, we n are now prepared to do all kinds of easting, repairing and general work ou Locomotives. We also carry in stock Stationary and Saw Mills, Piping, Belting, Pulleys, Hangers and Brass Cocks of all kinds. We make a specialty of SYRUP MILLS AND KETTLES. ALL WORK GUARANTEED. CilVE ITS A TRIAL AMD BE CONVINCED. CASON & MILLER, Groceries, Hay, Grain, Flour and Butter are Specialties. Western Furniture Co. Sin EH JOTS SOUS BOETOST « A "PATEHT PALACE SLEEP1H0 COACH.' “Palace Sleep- oach” adjust* isSi Furniture, Bedding, Carpets, etc. inf tb* back sod U 1 raising the bottom springs, affording ai neat, or ^bedV K jengthens U inches, ~Tka “Palaco - SleepinK Cyach” Will qniet the cPOMtst baby, make it lesa nervous and more amiable; thus shaping its destiny, temper, char- os meter, success, hem/th mud happiness! O home, sweet home, like Hire there Is no place. It’s sweeter still when cheered by baby's happy comfort nothing can .^Special Prices For Cash. A Patent “Palace Sleeping Coach.* HERSCHKOVITZ BROTHERS. December 26-tf hence serves for older children. Installment Plan, Court House Square. Waycross, Georgia!