Newspaper Page Text
f
UMinp
FARM AND HOUSE.
TOPICS OP IKTKRE8T TO THl!
FARMER.AND HOtTflKWIFK.
Deep CcltivAtiox op Cobs.—To
plow com deeply after it ha* attuned a
Height of two or three feet i* exceed
ingly injurious. All deep cultivation
shookl be flniiihed before the com L« •
foot high. 1 The root* of corn grow very
rapidly, and when the plant is a foot
high the root* often inert from row to
row. If the roots arc broken then they
will throw oat many fibres, which will
soon make np for the temporary injury
done. But if the roots are broken later
the plant is depending much more upon
them and the check is proportionately
greater. A crop of com plowed deeply
when in blossom and dry weather suc
ceeding will certainly be ruined. The
director of . the New York experiment
station at one time did certainly advo
cate what he called mot pruning of corn,
and did a very mischievous thing, which
his after withai awsl of it and confession
of his mistake went a veiy short way to
•remedy. The late cultivation of com
and all cultivated crops Rhould be as su
perficial as possible.—Nea York Timet.
Treatment or Young Colts.
Colts should be kept growing from the
first, and taught to eat oats at an early
When weaned at five or six months
re cow for
the colt a
“JW* to keep Ihe cattle on*of tb» ; SELLING SEEDS.
A Mains farmer says that thrttbusha !
of plaster>ou gcaa* land is as effective si*
are six bqsbeK He applies it just t&S*
' a rain, after.the ground becomes bare i*-'
| the spring.
A remedy considered satisfactory for
various kinds of insects in stored grain,
consist* in placing an open vessel of bi
sulphide of carbon, on top of the grain,
*“ a tight bin.
A very necessary part of a beckeeper*s
outfit is the smoker, with which to blow
away the small enemy when he is iofuri- ,_
sted and tries to drive away invaders , in Court land street who has a splendid
from his quarters. ; store, with a depth of 130 feet and a
The demand for young men to take front of fifty-one. If you Were to walk
charge of creameries at tae So ith is so ! m there,, seeing bis signs cohering all the
great tbat the Mississippi Agricultural ^ Te *tones, you might suppose that you
College i* forming a class for special in- ! ^ * n the domain of a great company.
a
What the Different Varieties Cost-
Some of the Adjuncts! Neces-
V*T *o Coltivatlon-^Some
. Interesting Fact*.
“Gath” writes from the«metropoli*
Some of the seed stores of New York are
wonders to examine. There is one man
ibfi milk of a good Ayrshire cow for
•u months longer would give the colt m
very good start. Beside this, he should
have a few quarts of oats daily, with a
plenty of good, sweet, early-cut hay
<dover, timothy, or red-top), with an oc
casional feed of good straw. There should
be rock salt accessible at all times, and
good running or spring water, and an oc
casional feed of cafTot*. This treatment,
with good, warm quarters and plenty of
room fur exercise, without being too
much exposed to the rigors of a North
ern winter, would give the breeder a
yearling of which, providing his breed
ing is ml right, he need not be ashamed,
and an animal worth much more
than the average two-year olds,
being both larger and finer. Oats
arc a most excellent food for colts, as
they give muscle, size and style. An
occasional fcod of carrots in winter is
almost essential to the animal’* health.
As a substitute for carrots, boiled flax
seed is very good; in lack of either, an
occasional bran mash is almost indis
pensable, as the bowels require to be kept
gently open. When the mare is worked
or driven while suckling the colt, great
care should be used to prevent it from
suckling whilo the marc is overwarm
from exertion. The inare may be used,
but should always cool off before the colt
ia allowed ?o suck. The colt should bo
handled at a very cariy age, and taui ‘
while quite young that man is its mas!
but at the same time its friend. The
young colt should be taught to like and
not fear’ its master, and be well halter-
. broken (if practicable) when but a few
weeks old, as a young colt, when well
halter-broken, is much easier handled
and cared for than one that is not. He
should be taught to stand hitched by the
halter, in or out of the stable, while
qujte young.—American Agriculturist. -
Cultivating Blackberries,
j In an essay published on the transac
tions of the American Pomological so
ciety, llr. G. Cowing writes: A rich and
well-drained dry soil is most favorable to
the blackberry. On such a soil I have
’ never known some of the most hardy
sorts to be injured by the most intense
cold, whilo 1 have seen them much in
jured or killed in more sterile ground.
This does not accord with the belief of
many who claim that a rich soil causes
a rank growth which is ' easily winter-
killed. Cultivation late in autumn
should be avoided, and the plants should
be allowed to rest and mature their wood.
A deep and rich soil Is necessary to the
production of large and luscious fruit.
to prevent the effects <*f drought, I re
gard aheavy mulchofleavesor straw as bet
ter than cultivation. The best wild black
berries arc always found near brush
heaps or rotten logs. In planting, the
rows should be seven or eight feet ap *
The plants should be two feet apart
the row, and 1 have found strong sucker
plants to be quite as satisfactory as those
from root-cuttings. I recently pruned
some rows of the Taylor kind from sucker
plants transplanted sixteen months bc-
. fore; they were generally three and a half
feet high, three feet across the top, and
presented the dense and cc
ance of a well-kept hedge. For pruning
such a line of plants a grass-book or
sickle is best To save time and labor,
it has often been my practice when plant
ing blackberries to plant strawberries
in rows with them and in rows
midway between • them. Some
of my best utrawberr’si this
from plants set last
structiou ia this industry.
Use plenty of grass seed, in order to
make an allowance for that which will
be destroyed or eaten by birds and in
sects. A light harrowing will always
prove beneficial upon newly seeded grass
Grow a crop of peas in the old orchard
and let the pigs harvest it. Sow early,
two bushels per acre, with 400 pannds
of good fertilizer. Good for the peas,
bitter for the pigs and best for tire or
chard.
To kill vermin on cattle one good tray
is to wash the animal in tobacco water.
Boiling water poured over any kind of
tobacco, or. over tobacco xtems, will j ferries which go to
This man. whose name is Dennis, is
dence of how any business] cen be car
ried in a large country to the very great
est proportions. He* commenced as a
flori*t In Jersey City in ;1848; he has,
therefore, been almost forty years in this
department.
He could once carry around his wares
in a basket: now he'hss flour and a half
acres of glass greenhouses, uses steam
and hot water, and he boasts of a sale of
2,500,000 plants per annum, not includ
ing cabbage, cauliflower,] and celery, of
which he sells every I year 6,000,000
plants beside. He is not the only man
who his a fine establishment on Court-
land street, for that street leads to the
ike the fluid. To kill their eggs and
all apply twice.
Horses arc not fully mature until six
years of age, nor do they arrive at their
full strength until eight years old.. Im
mature animals are often overtaxed and
their future usefulness injured. Young
horses should be carefully worked if they
are expected to give long years of useful
ness.
The pea crop will grow better in the
shade than any other grain, and many
farmers are learning that it is just what
needed to sow in their apple orchard.
*t the pigs harvest the crop, and with
this and fallen apples a large amount of
the very best pork m»y be fattened be
fore cold weather.
Insects have an aversion to the odor or
smell of the red cedar. Cedar sawdust
iprinkled about tho house, and nests
partially composed of and resting upon
a bed of cedar leaves, wi.l prevent the
inroads of insects. When convenient,
small cedar trees, cut down and placed
about the premises, renewed occasionally
by fresh green ones, arc recommended
for this purpose.
Many flocks have to subsist almost en
tirely upon grain food in one shape or
another during the whole year. Tnis is
an injudicious course of feeding. Vege
tables, either raw or cooked, or mixed
with meal for the morning’s mess, are
extremely valuable. Cabbage, as a suc
culent vegetable, has no rival Grass, on
the sod or cut fresh, is excellent. Onions,
chopped fine and mixed with their soft
food, arc wholesome, and often prevent
or check disease in fowls.
The value of clover for manure is the
return to the soil of all plant food, such
as ammonia, nitrogen, carbon, and the
constituents of water absorlrcd during
rowth. The gradual decomposition of
tiis vegetable matter gives a constant
nd steady supply of manure to the soil
which renders the effect more lasting
than such as is obtained from the barn
yard. The clover is better for this pur
pose after it has produced one heavy
crop of hay and has been allowed to.
stand for seed.
Chickens often get forked pieces of bone
fast in the throat, nearly starving with
plenty of feed before them; and no mat
ter how tame the flocks usually are, when
a hen is affected in this way she will
scarcely allow herself to be caught, but
in running and dodging about to elude
you she may herself dislodge the obstruc
tion, if it is only slight When chicken
bones arc thrown out with the table re
fuse, it is, perhaps, best to have the chil
dren chop them up with an old hatchet,
as the hens are so fond of them that in
their eagerness they swallow them hap
hazard. I
The lad report of the New /York State
experiment station gives tho result of a
scries of experiments to determine wheth
er pinching bark the shoots/of potatoes
had a tendency to increase the quantity
of tubers. The experiment /was made on
eight short rows, planted] with single
eyes. The pinching was performed on
alternate row*, as the. flower buds were
forming, and again three wjeeks later.The
* * ‘ * ' number of
_ the tubers
were ten per cent. 1<
it appears to have sT
vigor and product!
Rhubarb may be
spring, long ljcfortthe
w Jew Jersey, and
all the northern*part of/New Jersey i
villa and garden. Little express c<
panics connect with every town
New Jersey, and they load up at
Courtland street twice/* day, cross the
ferries, and drive to points desired.
The American postoffice department
has become a great
for the million. ~*
l you can s _
. for thirty centa a quart you
send beans and penis, and corn costs
twenty cents a quayt. The printing of
one of the large establishments is im
mense, and the systdmatizingof the busi
ness is carried to qi much perfection as
the handling of tfle post office depart
ment. One of tlicso big florists, or seed-
sellers, will publish/half a dozen books,
selling from $ 1.50 Looking over
! one of the catalogues, I find it specially
demanded that customers leave their
orders in the inorhing and call for them
in tho afternoon, so that the day can b:
commenced filling/them. One of tho first
thing to l>e notices! is strawberry plants,
which sell at twelve for $1. fifty for $3,
or a hundred fon $3. Inferior varieties
sel 1 at $3 a hundred. When you buy
seeds you can pick them out separately or
get them in assorted lots. A collection
of some thirty-six seed packages costs
$5. Some ch?sts containing larger pack
ages cost as high) as $25.
The making of manures is an impor
tant feature of these establishments; they
have special manures for grass lawns,
made between the chemist and the gar
dener; while the best manure down to
the present day i* that which is well-rot
ted in the stable, and which requires a
wagon-load ora ton for every 500 square
feet. There ate special manures made
out of bones, guano, decayed fish, etc.
It takes aboutT 1.500 pounds of rotten
l>one mnnu'c to the acre; it costs about
$20 to the ton of ?,000 pounds, and if
decomposed with potash costs in this
city $23. Lawn enrichcrs cost about $1
per twenty pounds. Grounds bone sells
for $5 a barrel, or *45 a ton. Pure
crushed bone for grape-vine costs $50
per ton, Bbnc-meal, finely ground, for
top dressing on lawns, costs $60 ft ton. A
fertilizer, made of blood and bone costs
$50 a ton. |Guano costs $65 a ton.
The infinite number of insecticides at
tracts our attention when wc enter one of
these sc?d stores. You can get mildew'
mixtures at seventy-five cents a bottle, fir-’
tree oil foij spiders and bugs at $5 a gal
lon. deathjpowder and Persian powder,
Paris green at twenty-five cents a pound,
slug snot at six cents a pound, tobacco
soap at thirty cents a pound; whale-oil
soap to y*ah trees ten cents a pound, to-
bacco stems for smoking plants which
have the green fly at two cents a pound,
Scenes nt n Military Post.
Retreat has been sounded; the flag,
opening out its graceful folds, comes
■vnmng down the tall f taffsimultancously
with the thunder of the evening gun;
and we cross the parade for a stroll ont
along the banks of the creek that flows-
tranquilly over its sandy bed in the deep
ravine in rear of the port. ' Although the
sun has disappeared, the western sky is
all aglow with his light, and it is the
pleasantiest time of the day, this long
hour of northern twilight; before the
shadows of night dose in on the fair
landscape before us. Down below us,
where the creek spreads out into a wide
and deep pool some young Indian girls
ig in its cool waters, and their
laughing Voices rise up melodiously in
the still air. Some squaws are squatted
along the edge filling their water
jars or dipping their squalling little
pappooses, clothes and all, into the
stream.
Following the path along the bluff
toward the high ground in onr front,
stopping for a moment at some graves
fenced in with neat white palings, where
some poor fellows are silently “awaiting
the last reveille,” as we see is
inscribed in rude characters on the
little headboards, we climb to the
top of the mound, and. turning, look
bock at the scene below us. At
onr feet lies the little fort, with its square
parade-ground flanked by the “Officers 1
Row’’ opposite the barracks of the men,
and at either end by. the guard-house
and quartermaster’s stores and offices and
the port hospital.We can see the sol
diers gathered about the doors of their
quarters, while in the open space between
the fort and the agency buildings, stand
ing white and straggling be/ond, and
rising above the tepees grouped near by,
some young Indians are rating their
horses, yelling and whooping like fiends.
Still further beyond, where we can see
tho shining, curving river, and the creek
emptying its waters into it, the village is
lying, the smoke from its many fires
melting into the air above. Very gradu
ally the light fades, gray shadows
A CITY’S OUTCASTS.
How many of (lirm LIve^-The Saloon
"Sitters**—Different Grades ofVa-
Crania—Dwellers in Rooker
ies—Population Figures.
It is always ea y to find interesting sta
tistics in relation to the poor people of a
country like ours. There are over 200
cheap lodging houses in New York. Most
ot them are below Fourteenth street.
The sanitary laws fix their legal shelter
ing capacity at about nine thousand lod-
per night, but almost every night
ten to twelve thousand dismal souls
are crowded into them. It is estimated
that'there are from four to five thousand
more poor males and females who find
shelter at the frce-lunch saloons, the
stale-beer dive* and the police stations
about Chatham Square and in the streets
HAGTS FOB THE CUBI0CS.
A Chinese bank note 3,984 yean old is
in tire museum at St Petersburg.
Jacob Twaddle^ of Steubenville, Ohio,
blind from birth, can tell the color of a
bone by the sense of touch.
In Spain, when a person eats a peach
or a pear as he passes along the road, he
immediately -plants the seeds. Fruit
trees are plenty and free to every pas
serby. .
By a Japanese*process seaweed is made
into paper so transparent that it may be
substituted for window glass. When
colored it makes an excellent imitation of
stained glass. - -
The Bible used in administering the
oath to Jefferson Davis as President of
the Confederate States is still used in
swearing in the Governors of Alabama at
Montgomery.
It appears that there are now inhabited
cave dwellings in Saxony. ****
dug in a sandstone hill, have
v.uuwMUi ... .... rooms, light and dark, as well .
which traverse the slums and sloughs of | neys, windows and doors, and are said to
New York. These unfortunates have j be very dry and habitable.
TURNING TO THEFT.
A Bitter Choice Between Wron^
Doing and Starving to Death.—
A New York Police Ser*.
geant's Story.
“It is singular how young men wht»-
have been well brought up, and whose-
natural traits are not vicious, dirift into-
house-breaking and sneak-thievinj
re-
lliams'a
stealing over the prairie, where the great
herd of agency cattle is *1;
the platforms on which the
posit the bodies of their dead stand out
on the mounds black against the sky,
and the weird, sobbing wail of mourning
women strikes discordantly on our ears.
Lights begin to twinkle in the barracks,
and, ringing ont clear and mellow, the
bugle is sounding “first call” foretattoo.
—Harpers Magazine.
Bovinos ts. Eqnines.
The Chicago Tribune says: The dif
ferences anatomically and physiologically
between the cattle tribe (Bos) and the
horse family (Equus) is an. interesting
study. In parallel tables these can be
seen'at a glance. They have been con
densed for the Tribune with a view of
bringing the whole matter into a nut
shell so they may be understood at a
glance:
attic—
car
Horned. * 1
Have no mane.
Long hair ia a tuft at
end of tail.
Pawing with fore-feet
denotes anger.
Seize forage with the
tongue.
Ups slightly movable.
Have no upper incisor Have upper and lower
year along with blacklKrrie*. All black
berry plants, when three feet'high.should
have their terminal buds nipped, to force
them to throw out lateral shoots. A se
vere nipping is often necessary to pro
duce a compact and sturdy growth capa
ble of resisting strong wind The berries
should net ’
oftenrr than
for a home market, nor after being
picked should they be exposed to a
burning sun, as such exposure will change
their color from black to red, and give
them a Utter flavor. Bat few varieties
of blackberry worthy of general cultiva
tion have yet bee* tested. The Lawton,'
introduced about twenty-nine years ago,
was the first generally cultivated. Kit-
tatinny followed it, and proved slightly
hardier and of better flavor, but very
not sufficiently hardy
the west. Snyder,
Taylor and Wallace, all originating in
/Indiana, and Stone, from Wisconsin, lufre
since been introduced and found, to be
the only sorts that can be profitably
planted west of the Alleghenies and north
of the Ohio river. They arc all remark
ably productive, vigorous, free from dis-
and of the most luscious flavor,
r is the first to npen,. and its carli-
nesa ts a strqng point in its' favor; when
grown on rich ground its berries are
above medium size. The berries of Tay
lor and .Wallace are larger than those of
Snyder, and arc hardly equaled in their
exquisite flavor by those of any other va
riety, and I can think of no reason why
they should not prove profitable ia the
South.
Farm and Garden Note*.
The best of all ways to prevent the
bad effects of drouth is persistent culti-
In, with but very little
lowing manner: 9«
flour or apple barrels
out of them;set them
1 to induce a sheep
a her lamb is to sprinkle salt upon
in the fol-
or four
knock the ends
•er asm-ray stools
of rhubarb growing in!the garden; then
around them, and to a/ depth level with
their tops, place a quantity of hot stable
manure; ove* the mouths, or lower ends
of the birrels, plate short pieces of
boards for lids, leaving them a very little
apart to allow ste »m .to escape,that it may
not damage the young shoots as they begin
to spring up, which they shortly will after
the coverin'* is nut on.
White Pouxp .Cake.—One cup fine
white surar and-a half tup'of butter;
■ aid the whites of
ten minutes; one tea-
. half a teaspoon soda,
milk, one aud a half
■PHMI _ teaspoon lemon extract?
beat all together fifteen minute*. Bake
one hour in a moderate oven.
lArtTED Almdsps.—Blanch onfe cup of
almonds, put than into one tablespoonfnl
melted butter or alad oil, stir well and
I let them stand forvms hour;then sprinkle
with onq tablespoonful salt, put them
into a bright baking.pan in a moderate'
'them, with an* occasional j
stirring, until they are a delicate brown—
about twenty- minute*. Peanuts may be
treated in tire same manner.
Ltosxaese Potatoes. — Slice cold
boiled pataioea. Have ready in a frying-
pan a great/spoonful of nice dripping or
of butter, j Into this, when hot, put a
teaspocnfnl of finely minced onion, pep-
and salt lightly, and fry ton light
urn. Then add the potatoes and stir
gently with a fork, not to break them,
until very hot. Lastly put in a full tea
spoonful of minced parsley, toss together
with the fork and serve hot. *|
Thickf.xixg for Soup.—The follow
ing for making a thickening called
•Roux” for soup is excellent. Bring a
a boiling point inU
sprinkle m flour u
flower sulphur at the same price, pow
dered hellebore at fifty cents a pound,
and there are all sorts of little articles to
apply these things, such as the vaporizer,
thesyriqge, and the powder-gun.
When you come to garden tools there
are more thra enough to supply a dissect
ing room. Here ara^pme sixteen kinds
of knives selling from thirty-five, cents
for a com knife to $5.50 for a hedge-
entter; garden-axes at $1.50, brush-
hooks at $1.25, floral tools-at sixty cents
a set, grafting chisels at sixty centahoes,
picks, rakes, scyth* s, scissors,' syringes,
weeders, and thermometers. When you
crane to larger instruments for the gar
den you have another museum to look at:
An asparag ls-buncher at $3.50, a hose
mender at $2 a dozen, hose at eighteen
/cents a. foot, corn-planters at. $20, root-’
H at $10, garden engines at $20,
liggers at $12. plow-sulkies at
a rollers at $30. garden-rollers at
ure-spreaders at $110, waterebar-
track at $13, horseradish-grater
, grass-edger at $7. plant-protec-
tors at $3 a dozen,- and mole-traps at $2.
m will sell you water-proof covering
ilants at fifteen cents a yard, and
for tree* and plants at fifteen oents
tundred, stakes , at $1.50 a hundred,
1 the grass-mower will cort you $15.
ou can bay seeds of annual flowers at
a hundred. Gladiolus bulbs sell $1.35
a feozen. The prices of seeds vary ac-
-^-fling to passion or fashion; seed.beans
fifty cents a quart and Urns beans
, enty-five -cents. Celery, which has
become one of the favorite American
vegetables, is not nowadays raised in the
hotbeds or cold frames, bat sowed on
the open ground in the early spring and
replanted in snmmerr
After a Licence.
The Buffalo Courier tells of a gentle
man ot that city whose heart was won
by a belle in a neighboring Pennsylvania
town. An engagement followed, and in
due time the wedding day was set The
Horses—
Have one toe.
Without horns.
Have flowing mane.
Tail covered with long
hair.
Pawing with fore feet
denotes hunger.
Gather food with the
Short znouth. No space
between incisor and
molar tee'.h.
Four stomach?.
They chew the cud.
Month never open
Bellow or moo
Do not sweat
Have dewlap.
No warts on inside of
hind legs,
ever use
fighting.
Do not retract thecarr.
Very rough tongue.
Short, broad head.
Wide, drooping ea
limbs formed f
strength.
live twelve or eigh-
Do not roll in the dost
Sleep with both •
alike.
lie down to sleep.
Eat and lie down to
ruminate.
Shoulders straight.
Neigh or whinney.
Have no dewlap.
Hard,' oval warts
side bind legs.
Use the teeth in fight
ing.
Retract the
angry.
Soft, smooth tongue.
Long, narrow head.
Erert, narrow ears.
Limbs formed 1
Liv^toirty or forty
years.
Do roll in the dust.
Sleep with one ear for-
won*
Often
Shoulders sloping.
abnegation of bachelorhood with a
sort of rueful misgiving, which increased
as the days of his liberty waned. His
last revolt againstf the shackles of matri
mony occurred when he was sent to pro-
core the marriage licence, a few days be
fore the ceremony. He sought the city
official who pretided over the licence de
partment and asked gravely:
“Is this where licence* are kept P
“ Yes, sir.” answered the clerk, polite
ly, “what kind of a licence do you
want P
“WeU, what kind have yon got P re
joined onr friend, with superhuman
gravity.
The clerk had begun to look upon his
visitor as a lunatic, but he obligingly
rattled off the list. “Give you a licence
to drive a hack, give you a licence to
pull teeth or practice medicine, give you
a pawnbroker’s or huckster's licence,
ire you a licence to keep gunpowder in
our :
Concerning Baldness.
It has been estimated that one-lialf the
adult men of American birth living in
our cities are bald-headed. _ The. esti- ,
mate » not exaggerated if it is applied to j
persons above the age of thirty, ajnd it i
may be rather under the mark. If; now.
It be conceded that one half our Ameri
can business' and professional men -are
bald at the present time, it would be in
teresting to speculate as to the condition
of their descendants some hundreds of
years from now. The probabilities .point
toward a race of hairless Americans,
for baldness is especially liable to be
propagated In the male line, and to ap-
K ir a little earlier in. each generation,
c American nation is threatened with
a catastrophe of a universal alopecia. It
appears to be worth while, therefore, to
consider the subject of prevention, since,
no means have yet been found for the
cure. Why are so many men bald before
their time ?
The answer has always been that is is
| due to the excessive strain and ceaseless
and physical activity to which
„_n methods of business and modes
of living conduce. *’ "From the visitors’
gallery of the stock exchange, for ex
ample, one views a mob of shining plates
belonging,' as a rale, to rather young
en.
Any reformer, however, who expects
to prevent baldness by changing Ameri
can habits may a* well stop at once, fort
he will sortfy fail Now, there may be
perhaps, help in come other quarter. The
sons of prematurely bald fathers should
bear in mind that if they wish to save
their hair it will only be through industri
ous attention to their scalp. This much
neglected surface should bo thoroughly
cleansed at certain interval?: It should
be carefully and regularly examined, and
if it be unhealthy, dry and scurvy, the
,pplications should be made to it.
.xrrag of unventflated. hats is one
of .the greatest sources of failure of nu
trition of the hair, and these - must be
avoided. The beard never falls out, be
cause it gets plenty of sunlight and air.
These are what the -hair of the scalp
needs, also. Women are less bald than
men, because, for one reason, their scalps
are better ventilated. In fins, civiliza
tion has made the hair producing organs
of the scalp delicate and feeble. They
have to be nursed and cared for, or they
atrophy and disappear. Young Ameri
_ show by working as sitters
the low saloons. They cluster around
the stovo in the cold weather and ex
cite the sympathy of transient customers.
During the holiday season, about election
time and when great-parades are going
on this dodge of the needy worker and the
saloon keeper works to the advantage of
both- At such times the. sitters are. en
abled to keep comfortably filled up, to
the advantage of the house. In some
saloons which encourages sitters they are
let in in relays, a fresh batch every hour.
By working up a regular route of such
places a tramp can manage to fill up his
time all night. The way many of these
people keep clothed is a study. One that
I have heard of has pretensions in this
direction. Every day he watches the
death notices in the papers, and whenever
the demise of a man is announced, he
promptly calls at the house with a Rfte-
ous appeal for cast-off clothing. People
are tender-hearted with death in the
house, and he rarely goes away empty-
handed.
A manager of the tramp question has
classified the different grades of cheap
lodgers and sitters. He finds from long
experience that fifty per cent, of them
are victims of intemperance, twenty-five
per cent, are vagrants from sheer lazi
ness, twenty per cent, are willing to
work, but cannot get it to do, and five
per cent, are unable to work on account
of some mental or physical defect. Upon
this basis of say fifteen thousand out and
out outcasts in New York city, 7,500 are
drunkards, 3,750 are indolent knaves,
3,000 decent, poverty-stricken people out
of work, and 7o0 invalids and unfortu
nates.
The next class of poor people, but lit
tle better off, are the dwellers in the
rookeries and shanties and meanest tene
ment houses. There the condition be
comes somewhat better, but never satis
factory. The evils of the tenement
house system are apparent. This
huddling together of large num
bers of men. women and children
under one roof breeds vice aqd dissipa
tion. But the growth of this system in
New York has been remarkable. The
first tenement house was erected in 1838
on Cherry itreet In 1865 . there were
15,309 tenements in this city. Now there
are at least 30,000, including apartment
houses and flats. In a quarter of a cen
tury the system developed and during the
last twenty-five years has more than
doubled in extent. In 1865 the average
number of inhabitant* in each tenement
house was thirty-live. The average to
day is fifty. .
New York has double the number of
inmates to a house of any other city in
the Union, Philadelphia the least. Out
of 146,213 houses in the Quaker city,
there are only six inmates to each dwelling.
In the 50,883 houses which make up Bal
timore, there are six and one-half people
to each residence. St. Louis, with 48,-
026 houses, has eight people to each
house. Chicago, with 61,069 houses,
eight and a quarter people. Brooklyn^
with 62,233 houses, ha9 nine people to a
house. New York, with 73,684 houses,
has sixteen and onc-half people. The
figures as to this city are deceptive, be
cause there are fully' 20,000 tenements
proper, which accommodate fifty people
on an average, or a total of a million
souls. This demons tastes that more than
two-thirds of the population of New York
are dwellers of tenement Houses proper,
among which flats and apartment houses
are not included. What a singular study
these figures arc. No city in the Union
has hall as many houses as Philadelphia,
and yet Boston has nearly two-tnirds as
many as New York, and Chicago almost
as many. Truly these statistics justify
Philadelphia in its claim of being the
city of homes, and Chicago and Boston
follow very closely.—Philadelphia Prett.
White animals have been observed to
an uncommon extent of late in Germany.
A whits chamois was shot in theTotenge-
birge, a white otter was caught near
Luxemburg, white partridges were shot
near Brunswick and • a white fox waa
killed near Hessen.
A naturalist writes: “We put in out
canary-bird’s cage every day a little mir
ror, as large as the palm of our hand,
taking care that neither sun nor lights
shall dazzle him, and he will look at him
self for hours together, with as much
happiness as any young gentleman you
ever saw. When we want him to stop
singing we have only to give him the
mirror,
In the construction of a tunnel at
Stockholm cold air has been applied in a
novel manner. In passing under
Freedom at Windsor Castle.
I happened to visit Windsor the other
day wf lun the queen was holding an “in
vestiture.”' Several matters struck me
with, surprise—for one thing, the remark
able freedom accorded to the public of
entixto the castle and its appurtenances.
All the open spaces within the precincts,
except the quadrangle itself ana the pri
vate garden, seemed to be free to every
body. The Windsor children use as a
playground the grassy sloje in front of
St. George’s chapel and the region about
the Windsor end of the Long Walk.
There is not a gentleman’s seat in the
whole.kingdom where, very touchgr^aVer
seclusion is not maintained. There are
plenty of sentries,' but they do notinter-
^est themselves in the people who lounge
about their beats.*” Here and there, at
long intervals, is a benevolent-looking
policeman in uniform, whose leading
function seems to be to gossip with any
one who will gossip with him. With
some practice in that sort of in trospection
I could not spot a single detective in
plain clothes. That the queen is in resi-
denceKis proclaimed by what I suppose
we should call a'white flag flying from
the top of the Round tower. But such a
flag! No meaner piece gf budting can
well be eonceivecr. than “the banner of
Britain” which, it seems, is thought good
enough to mark tho pcrtonal presence of
the sovereign. It is not much larger
th»n a. good-sized bandana. The most
economical lord-lieutenant in the king
dom would be ashamed to display so
paltry and shabby a rag.—London World.
How to Engrave Egr Shells;
Trace the writing or design on the
shell with thin varnish of melted wax,
using a common pen;' then immerse the
egg for a few minutes in vinegar or
dilute acetic acid. A few experiments
will determine the proper rime, depend
ing on the strength of the acid employed.
Then wash the egg in water, and remove
the tracing. Wax will rub off, and var
nish will come off with alcohol. The re
sult will be a most beautiful and delicate
relief of the desired pattern. If varnish
be used, a colored background can be
produced by dyeing the egg before
freeze the gravel by means of cold air,
and put in the lining while the material
was solid- the undertaking having now
been successfully carried out by the use
of cold-air machines. None of the houses
passed under have been injured.
An extraordinary colored man has been
lately attracting attention. He claims to
have two hearts, one on each side of his
lungs, and from the .pulsations on each
side of the body, a good many people be
lieve his assertions. He has also two sets
of ribs, one over the other and both mov
able. Endowed with more orgaq§ than
the ordinary run of mortals, he appears
to be gifted with almost superhuman
strength, as he can lift 900 pounds weight
with one hand, and can bend a rod of
iron, three quarters of an inch thick, by
striking it on ?ais bare arm, and two
strong men could not bend the iron into
its onginal shape.
The Wonderful Palace at Jeypore.
Mr. Sala has had the good fortune to
visit the great palace at Jeypore, India,
and writes about it thus in the London
Telegraph: Seven stories of such wild
and lovely structure as you would expect
to 8C0 only in dreams rise here one above
the other in rose red and snowy white
balconies, oriels, arches, pilasters, lat
tices and domes—gay everywhere with
frescoes and floral ornaments. In this
lowest floor, which is kept—like the
second and third—as a winter residence,
we are permitted to inspect a priceless
voluine; - the abstract of the Ma-
habharata, in Persian, made by the orders
of Akb&r the Greatat a cost of £40,000,
and illustrated in the most exauisite man-
er with colored 'and gildea miniature
tictures of an incredible ‘delicacy. The
[hobha Newas, floor above, is full of
stange paintings on the wall, apd arcades
embellished with gorgeous shells of cop
per, silver, and foil. Next we ascend to
the Cnhabl Newas, or “hall of splendr,”
shining with polished marbles and col
ored enameling. Above this is theShish
Mahal, the pavilion of glass, with endless
patterns wrought in little mirrors lei into
carved plaster work, and above that we
stept forth upon the Mokt, or “crown”
of the palace, where the vast flat roof
is encircled, with shady alcoves and
op?n chambers, vaulted by grace
ful curved cupolas. Beneath lie
the green palace gardens, full of pome
granates, palms and bananas; and be
yond, the spread of the countless busy
streets and lanes, girdled by the walls,
and overhung by the encircling .hills,
topped with forts and temples. It is
vain to attempt any description of that
enchanting prospect more absorbing
than any which India herself can offer.
Nature and man have rbere allied them
selves to produce the most perfect and
lovely landscape conceivable. In green
and gold, in rose color and white, ifi dis
tant, dim bines and grays, the gardens
and the city, and the far off walls and
mountain ridges of '-amber, group to
gether at our feet—a picture to delight
the eye and feast the mind. But how
can words reproduce Govinda’s temple,
between the upper and lower gar
dens; the snow white rides of
the Badal Mahal, or “Cloud Palace,” on
the edgeof the lake; the dark ramparts
of the fortress in the mountains, and
those long lines of roses red streets which
intersect Jeypore? To complete the rich
colors of . the scene, a feast is being given
to Brahman men and women on one of
the many flat roofs of the upper palace,
and attendants go about bearing the ma
harajah’s bounty in the form of cakes and
L. Manning, the princs of sneak thieve^;
who robbed so many houses, and hl»
arrest brought forth the remark. “Man
ning may be an old hand at the business;
now, but HI bet he was led into it origi
nally by want, escaped detection, and an
decided to follow it for a business. Thai
well as chim- has been the way with lots of those fel
lows. Now, here’s a case qn which
base my conclusions.’’
Going to the black walnut case set
against the wall in the station he pointed
to a photograph of an intelligent-looking
young man. He is known as No. 325 ia
the gallery, and is now at Sing Sing servi
ing out a term of seven and a half year*.
“Now that young fellow, when he first,
came to New York,” said the sergeant,
4i wai as modest, quiet, and respectablet
a young man as one would wish to meet.
He had excellent references, and had no
trouble in getting a place in a wholesale
house down town, where he was well
liked. When the depression in business
came in 1884 he was discharged, with
others, because there was no work for
him to do. He tried to get work but
failed, and finally found himself without
money and with an unpaid board bill
staring him in the face. • He had no
friends who were ablo to keep him, and
so became desperate, One even!
left the house where he was
and took with him all the keys he
He had determined to raiso Romo money
in some way, and, honest methods not
appearing, he decided to try^ house
breaking. One of the keys in his bunch
enabled him to open a house on one ot
the side streets between Fifth avenue and)
Broadway, and, going to a chamber, hej
stole a lot of jewelry and got out of thw
house without being detected. This he
pawned, and got enough money to help
him out of his financial troubles and give,
him funds to splurge on for a time. Now r ,
if he had been caught there, his whole
future would have been chanpxl, and he
have been saved. Success ruined him.
“For nearly six months we had com
plaints of houses being entered and valu
ables taken, and Deteetives Price and
Dunlop, who were put on the case, were
pletely baffled. I don’t remember
how they were led to suspect the
ow, but tiicy got hold pf some cine
and arrested him, and he virtually con-.
fessed to having committed over fortjr
burglaries. Of course his arrest broke;
him all up, and little by little his mode #
of operatmg came out. Like Manning;-,
he had no accomplice in his work, and-
he counted no acquaintances among the
professional thieves and burglars. Oa
the contrary, ho was careful to bare onby
associates of good character. His bum- ,
ness associations before he became a thief:
had given him an opportunity to become-. .
acquainted with the faces of a number
of wealthy and well-to-do people. He
was a constant attendant at the theatres^
and was always in a good scat early in
the evening. If he saw the face of a’
man he knew in the theatre with his fam<- .
ily he would leave the theatre at the close -
of the first or second act, go to his resL* [ -
dence, and get an impression of the lock.L
just I
iweafmests amid some three or four hun
dred men and women clad in holiday
dresses of crimson and purple, saffron
and blue glittering like flowers in the
sun, which shines upon the “City of Vic
tory” as if its people were indeed his chil
dren. Whoever has viewed that prospect
from the palace roof of Jeypore has seen
Indian in her inmost grace and beauty.
A Justice’s First Charge.
He said: ‘‘Gentlemen of the ^ury,
mrging a jury is a new' bnftraesa
me, as this is' my first case.
'You have - heard all* the evidence,
as well aa myself; you have also
heard what the learned counsel have said.
If you believe what the counsel for the
plaintiff has told you, your verdict will
be for the plaintiff; but if, on the other
hand, yon believe what the defendant’s
eounsel has told you, then you will give
a verdict for the defendant. But if]
are like me and don’t believe wl
other of them has said, then FU’ be
blamed if I know what you will do. Con
stable, take charge of the jury.”
Couldn’t Tell a Lie.
I am six years old
And like play and fan,
1 mean to grow
Like George
So when mother said.
“Who ate all the pier
I SDokelike a man.
X And said: ^fcWasL”
But she didn't say
She’d rather lose the pie
And know that her boy
Would not tell a lie.
She just shut me up
Where I couldn’t see,
e to bed
Then he would go to the theatre i_
and after the performance would go a
have a fine supper at a small restaura
Perhaps that was a part of hra .1—
plan, in Older to enable. him *
say' and possibly prove., that hefey*-
was at a certain theatre on .* cei£j •
tain night in case of trouble. The next- ^
night, or two nights later, with a hegbv
made from the impression he had, hs^fh
would go to the house, and if he had re** , ..
son to belie ve it safe to do so, would go
through it and pick up whatever smaZff " V
articles of value he coula find. He was so*
shrewd in his methods and so clever in? *
- a ~ : — 4V e jobs, aad so correct in his hah- *’
detection seemed impossible, foe?
he left no clue) behind him.- No man ha»«
ever given the officers of this precinct*
more trouble than he, except Manning; \
but in both ca^es the offender was finally
caught, as was inevitable.
“Now, that young fellow’s career ia
sample of several tbat the polioo havd -
records of, and I-wouldn’t be at all sur
prised when Manning's history is knows,
to find that he bfegsn his career in the
same way and first robbed boarding houses'
because he was out of work and couldn’t:
find any bonert means of earning a livings
That sort of thing drives more'people into*
Education in 'crime by. profei
thieves isn’t the cause of the making oC
one-half as many thieves as is the fact:
that young men of much more thin aver
age ability are fairly driven to thievery by
The Cultivation of Licorice.
Consul Woodcock, of Catania, Sicily.,
says that there are two species of thw A
licorice plant in his consul ^district
The one sends down a main rooc»*a the.
depth of from three to six feet, will? bus.
few lateral roots; the other does not si\kr
so deep in the earth, but creeps beneath. ,
the surface at a depth of from six inches
to two feet, the latter being most pro
ductive, and the'most highly prized. It. - -*n
is stated that if the licorice plant went
cultivated, instead of being allowed ta
grow wild, it would yield much larger- .
results; but the Sicilians are of the opin
ion that it-iculture will not pay, so tftey: r
are satisfied by collecting it as prodoecdL
by nature in its wild state. No use ia
made of the stem except for fuel. f The
licorice plant grows most luxuriantly ist
the valley& adjncent to streams of water*
it is, however, found among the foot hills
of-the mountains, but grows less Iuxue-
ian .ly there. It requires a moist soil, con
sisting of a.clay loam; -the climate mus£
be warm, such as is adapted to thw
growth of oranges, lemons, and other
semi-tropical fruits. It cannot enduxw
frosts, or cold, high altitude*. The root
continues to grow for’four or five years;.
-when it is considered in the best condi
tion for gathering. Tho root will con
tinue to grow for ten nr twelvfc i.
longer, but it is not considered so rich in.
juice-yielding quality. The crop
gathered from the same ground once i
four or five years, ami on the aver
pounds of the root produces
pounds of licorice paste.