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No. 19 Vol. HI.
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THE CRUSADES.
Extracts from the History of the Crusades, for
the recovery and possession of the Holy
Land. By Charles Mills. London, 1820.
[Continued from our last.]
For several years the Latins were en
gaged in consolidating’ their conquests: a
Christian kingdom was raised, and the laws,
language, and manners of Europe were
planted in Palestine.
The snperiour political and military vir
tues of Godfrey pointed him out as the per
son best fitted for the guardianship of the
young state : the princp.s conducted him in
a religious procession to the church of the
Sepulchre ; but it may be recorded to his
honour, that he refused to wear a diadem,
in a city where his Saviour bad worn a
crown of thorns. Os all the champions of
the cross, he was roost distinguished for
the real virtues of the heart—for modesty,
generosity, and piety—tinctured, indeed,
with the errours of the age, but based in sin
cerity. disinterestedness, and consistency—
so that the praise which Tasso accords him
seems scarcely too fervid. He died after a
short reign of five years ; and his tomb was
not only watered by the tears of his friends,
but honoured by the lamentation* of many
of the Moslems, whose affections his excel
lent qualities had conciliated.
Baldwin, his brother, count ofEdessa;
Baldwin du Boorg ; Fulk, count of Anjou;
and Baldwin 111., were his successors. In
the reign of the latter, \. D. 1145, Edessa,
the eastern frontier of the kingdom, was
lost, which gave the impetus in Europe for
a second crusade ; nor was there wanting
a second Peter, in the person of the cele
brated St. Bernard, to preach to its princes
the paramount duty of again embruing
their swords in the blood of the infidels.
Louis of France, and Conrad, emperour of
Germany, were convinced by the eloquence
of the successor of the hermit. The towns
again'became depopulated, from the thous
ands who crowded around the saint for the
purpose of receiving the croslet from his
hands, the ceremonial induction into the
office of warriour of Christ. After encoun
tering the usual distresses on their march,
from famine, the sword of the Musselman,
or the cruel frauds of the Greeks, the ur
mies of both princes reached Palestine ;
hut instead of proceeding immediately to
the recovery of the Edessene territory the
ostensible object of the war, they resolved,
in a council composed of the princes, ba
rons, and prelates of Syria and Palestine,
to lay siege to Damascus : but when it was
apparently in their power, the Latins de
bited only to whom the prize should be
given, and the favourable crisis was irrp
ooverably lost. They were compelled
disgracefully to raise the seige. Conrad
•oon after returned to Europe with the
shattered relicks of his army ; and his steps
were a year afterwards traced by the
French king. We cannot follow our au
thor through his details of the various
THE MISSIONARY.
GO YE INTO ALL THE WORLD AND PREACH THE OOSPEL TO EVERY CREATURE Jesus Christ.
MOUNT ZION, (HANCOCK CO. <*A-j MONDAY, OCTOBER 15, 1821.
struggles which the Latins continued to
make with Noureddin the Persian king
and the Sultan of Iconium, for the posses
sion of Edesea ; his narrative of the fortunes
which Antioch underwent; or the achieve
ments of the Christians in Egypt under Al
merick, brother of Baldwin 111., the then
king of Jerusalem; but they do not yield
in interest to the events we have cited, and
are written with the same spirit. More
immediately connected with our subject are
the acts ofSaladin. By birth a Curd, he
rose in the service of Noureddin to be lord
°f Egypt, after that prince had terminated
the dynasly of the Fatimite Caliphs; and
he now resolved to consolidate the Mussel
man strength, and overwhelm the Franks
with their weight. Guy Lusignan was at
this period governour of Jerusalem; but
its military energy was weakened by the
civil dissensions of the barons, and bv dis
putes between the knights of the Temple
and of St. John. The battle of Tiberias,
which decided the quarrel between the
two powers, is thus given by our historian:
“Saladin was encamped near the lake
of I iberias,and the Christians hastened to
encounter him. But they soon experienced
those evils trom heat and thirst, which the
count ol T[ ripoli had prophesied would be
the tale ot their foes, if the Christians re
mained at rest, lu the plain near Tiberi
as the two armies met in conflict. Fora
whole day the engagement was in suspense,
and at night the Latins retired to some
rocks, whose desolation and want of water
had compelhd them to try the for'une of a
battle. The heat of a Syrian summer’s
night was rendered doubly horrid, because
the Saracen* set fire to some ivooils which
surrounded the Christian camp. In the
morning the two armies were for a while
stationary, in seeming consciousness that the
fate of the Moslem and t.ie Christian worlds
was in their hands. But when the sun
arose, the Ratios uttered their shout ol
war, the Tuiks answered by the clangour
of their trumpets and ntabals, and the san
guinary tumult began. The bishops and
clergy were, occording to custom, the
uourishers ot martial virtue. They ran
through the ranks, cheering the soldiers of
the church militant. The piece of the
true cross* was placed on an hillock, and
the broken squadrons continually rallied
round it. Piety was equally efficacious on
the minds of the Mussclmans, and the Sara
ceuian hatied of infidels was enkindled by
the religious enthusiasm of the Christians,
The crescent had more numerous support
ers than the cross, and for that reason tri
umphed. The battle ended in the massa
cre ot the Latins. They who fell in the
field were few in number when compared
with those who were slain in the flight, or
were hurled from the precipices. The
fragment ol holy wood was taken from the
hands ol the bishop of Acre. The king,
the master of the Templars, and the Mar
quis of IVloutterra t, were captured. The
chief of the Hospitalians fled as far as Asca
lon, and then died of his wounds.”
The consequences of this battle it is easy
to foresee ; Acre, Jaffa, Cesarea, and Beri
tus iustantly yielded to the conqueror:
Ascalon followed; the metropolis of Pales
tine could not long hold out against the
formidable arms of the Cordick prince;
and alter a short and ineffectual resistance,
Jerusalem finally surrendered to him, Oct.
11 87 : the Latins left the citv, and passed
through the enemy’s camp. It is the gen
erous remark of a foe, that Saladin was a
barbarian in nolhing but the name.
The event of the battle of Tiberias was
felt as a calamity from one end of Europe
to the other: nothing could exceed the
terror of the court of Rome.
The emperour Frederick of Germany
summoned a council at Mayence to consid
er ot the propriety of anew crude :
Philip of France, Augustus count of Flan
ders, and Henry 11. oi’ England, wpre fired
with the same enthusiasm. Befote thpy
departed on tfie expedition, Henry dipd ;
but his place in the armament was more
than supplied by the military genius of his
successor, Richard Coeur-de-Lion, whose
subjugation of Cyprus and heroism at Acre
are events universally known. Leaving
Acre under the ensign of the cross, he ad
vanced toward® Azotu®, and defeated Pala
din in a terrible battle, which left him free
to march upon Jerusalem ; prudential con
sideration*, however, prevented him from
attacking it, and he fell hack on Ascalon.
Saladin’s spies had communicated to their
master the vacillations of (he crusaders’
councils; and by quick marches he hasten
ed so lay sieg-e to Jaffa : it was on the point
of'surrendering; one of the gates was al
ready broken down; when Pfantagenet
suddenly appeared, and the Turks retired
with terror from before his invincible arm.
This was the last of his exploit® in Pales
tine ; domestick occurrences obliged him
to return to England. He concluded an
honourable peace with Saladin, and rich in
laurels left the Holy Land. Saladin soon
after died; and a fourth crusade was pro
moted by pope Celestine 111 , which was
embraced by Germany. Her forces march
ed in three bodies to the relief of tbe Syrian
Christians; and their measures were upon
the point of being crowned with complete
success. All the sea-coast of Palestine was
in possession of the Christians; but in their
march from Tyre to the holy city, fhey
made a fata) halt at the fortress ofThoron.
After a month’s labour they succeeded in
piercing the almost impregnable rock upon
which it was placed, when rumours that the
sultans of Egypt and Syria, were concen
trating their levies to attack them, struck
a pariick into the German princes: they
deserted their post by night; and the death
of Henry VI., the great support of this cru
sade, was a convenient rea&Bn for their en
tire abandonment of the cause, and for their
return to Europe.
From the London Missionary Chronicle, for Au
gust, tB2L
SOUTH-SEA ISLANDS.
Interesting intelligence has been recent
ly received from Otaheite, in a letter from
Mr. Henry Bicknell, dated Taheite, May
22, 1820.
In relation to the state of the mission at
Taheite, he writes in an encouraging man
ner; he says, “ I have baptized 297 per
sons;” and, in the various stations he judg
ed that about 2000 had been baptized.
“ We are living (says Mr. B.) in a remote
part of the island, for the sake of the mis
sion, hut there is work enough for ten mis
sionaries. About 700 people attend at the
chapel near our residence, and 1 preach to
them four times a week ; and when from
home, at the other districts, more frequent
ly. About 400 belong to the school, where
l attend two days in the week, and twenty
teachers are employed.
Thus diligently was this good man, (the
first individual, we believe, who offered his
services to the Society) engaged; and it
might have been hoped, from the improv
ed state of his health, that his exertions
would be long continued; but we are in
formed, by a letter lrom Port Jackson, that
his labours are terminated, and that the
Lord, whom he faithfully served, has been
pleased to call him to his rest and reward.
We are concerned to add, that another
labourer, in the same part of the vineyard,
Mr. Tessier, is no more in this world. He
tvas advanced in years, and so feeble that
he could not travel, but was useful.
Mr. Wilson also, who has been an effi
cient labourer, was mentioned in Mr. Bick
ne.ll’s letter as greatly reduced by illness,
so that his recovery was deemed doubtful.
We are now informed, that he thought it
necessary to remove to Port Jackson, in
hope of restoration.
Mr. Darling, who had resided for a time
at Eimeo, returned to Otaheite on the 22d
of October 1819. and settled at anew sta
tion (called Border’s Point) among the peo
ple of Atahuru. A great alarm of war
prevailed at that time, which, heweyer
soon subsided, and a considerable number
of the natives have settled near the spot.
In a letter dated June 5, 1820, Mr. Dar
ling says, “We have baptized 151 adults
and 287 children. The work of the Lord is
prospering among ns, and many who were
formerly thirsting for blood have become
as mpek as lambs. This is the Lord’s do
ing, and it is tvonderful in our eyes.”
“ The people of Atahuru consist of two
principal divisions; we agreed to supply
that at some distauce from us, every Sab
bath ; but this would not satisfy them;
they determined to remove and live near
us that ‘hey might enjoy the means of in
struction on the week days also. This
thev have done. Their principal chief has
of late become very attentive, and we in
tend soon to baptize him. We think it
necessary to make a selection of those who
offer themselves, for were we to receive
all who desire it. we might baptize all the
people of Atahuru next week. Those
whom we baptize we consider as can
didates for the Sacrament of (he Lord’s
Supper, and we catechise them twice a
week.
The (Gospel of Matthew has been print
ed at this station; the people received if
with great eagerness, and many were much
disappointed who could not obtain a copy.
HUAHEINE.
We have received the First (printed)
Report of the mission at this island, up to
• December, 1819.
This Report states that at Fare, tbe dis
■ trict in which the brethren reside, the con
gregation has considerably increased, and
consists generally of 300 or 400 persons.
■ Two of the brethren had made a tour of
the island, and it is hoped, that some were
awakened to a sense of Divine things.
Schools. —The number of scholars has
been greatly augmented. There are
schools also at Maeva and at Mahapu, and
a Sunday-school at each f tbe three place®,
which promise® much usefulness. The
Dumber of scholars at Fare is about 500,
and 100 in,the Sunday-school; at Maeva
300, and 80 children : at Mahapu 250, aßd
50 children.
Translations. —Tbe good work of trans
laiing is going forward. “We have (say
the brethren) been enabled to put another
portion of the word of God into the hands
of tbe people—an edition of 2000 copies
of the Gospel of Matthew, which we finish
ed in October last. They were sought
with avidity, and received with gratitude
by all. The Gospgl of Mark is translated,
and the Psalms are iD hand.” Mr. Nott I
has also translated the Gospel of John, and!
the Acts of the Apostles.
Baptism. —“On the 12th of September;
we bad the happiness to baptize 15, who
were proper subjects ; among whom were
Mahine and Hant, the principal chiefs of
the island: there are also several candid
ates now under instruction, whom we intend
soon to baptize.”
Civilization. —We have observed, with
peculiar pleasure, the improvement iD the
outward condition of the people, and their
progress in civilization. Several of them
have finished very neat plastered dwelling
houses, with doors and windows ; and are
boarding their bed-rooms. They have
also erected a very strong and capacious
place of worship, 90 feet by 60 ; it is plas
tered within and without, and they are
sau-ing boards for the floor. Considerable
progress has also been made in culti
vation: many acres around us are enclosed,
and stocked with food of various kinds.
Useful tools, pit-saws, Ate. together with
paper and writing utensils, are in great de
mand among them. The females especial
ly, are much improved in their habits and
appearance. When they procure a few
yards of foreign clolb, it is not, as former
ly, carelessly bound round their waists, but
made up into gowns, which gives them a
much more decent appearance. Our sis
ters have, by every means in their power,
contributed to their improvement; and
they continually instruct them, in their own
respective houses, in needlework; in
which some have made considerable pro
ficiency.
We cannot conclude our report, without
testifying our gratitude to the Divine au
thor of all good, for the mercies we have
received since “the commencement of our
mission here ; and we earnestly intreat an
interest in the prayers of all who long for
(he extension of the Redeemer’ kingdom
among men, that our feeble hands may he
strengthened by the mighty God of Jacob,
and we enabled, with a single eye to his
glory, and a love for immortal souls, to hold
on, till he shall call us from the fields of
labour to the abodes of rest.”
Further information. —In a letter from
one ot the brethren at Huahiene, to a friend,
dated June 1820, enclosing the preceding
Report, he says, “Since that time (Dec.
1819) our missionary affairs have prosper
ed greatly. Our people, I believe, have
finished the best, neatest, and most commo
dious place of worship in all the islands,
though there are several good ones at Ta
hiti and elsewhere.
Our people may be divided into four
classes.
1. Common hearers. —Almost every one
in the island may he included iD this clas.-,
and our congregation at Tare Harbour, for
many weeks past, has been on the Sabbath
trom 1400 to 1600, yet our chapel is not
nearly full.
2. Those who are Candidates for baptism,
nnd have tickets for admission to a weekly
meeting, held every Thursday afternoon
for conversation with them, Their num
ber el present is about 570. The conduct
end experience of these are carefully in
quired into, that we may he able to ascer
tain who are qualified for Baptism and
Church-membership.
3. The baptized. We have baptized in
all 55, including some children.
4. Those who have been admitted to
the Lord’s table, are, as yet, only 14; but
most of the baptized are judged to be prop
er subjects for this ordinance also, and are
intended for regular church-membership ;
and probably about 30 more will be shortly
baptized, as they desire it earnestly, and
their profession aßd conduct are, in every
respect, consistent.
School. —The School tinder my superin
tendence (says Mr. D.) has prospered
greatly. It consists now of between 700
and 800, including children and adults: and
there are now but few in the island who
cannot read.
SIERRA LEONE— West-Africa.
From the London Missionary Register, for July.
’ Sir George Jl. Collier's Testimony to the rap
id Improvement of the Colony of Liberated
Negroes.
From a “Second Annual Report upon
the Settlements on the Coast of Africa,”
by Commodore Sir George R. Collier, re
cently laid before Parliament, we extract,
with great pleasure, the following testi
mony •
“ The Colony of Sierra Leone has been
so differently represented, so much has
been urged against its rising prosperity,
and proposals said to have been made for
it® abandonment, that I consider myself, as
an impartial person, the one, from whom
opinion and remarks may he expected;
and when 1 declare, that 1 shall not swerve
in any degree from the plain and simple
matter of fact, I trust I shall have full cred
it with their Lordships, for 1 can have no
local interest to bias me any way.
“ The coDtioued and increasing improve
ments of Erectown attracted my particular
notice! and, added to my respect for tbe
Governour, whose perseverance and inde
fagtigable exertions, though almost unaided
anti unassisted in the great and iqborioug
Price, $ s 3 ’ so fir - tinn - or - l
duties which he has to perform, had effect
ed mobe than I had thought possible. For
it is not merely to the improvements of
Freetown, nor to the comforts of ,he resi
dents, that Governour MacCarthy’s mind is
-given ; hut likewise to the general increase
of the Colony, by attending to the popula
tion from one extremity of (his peninsula
to the other, by protecting (he untutored
and ignorant African, and by giving the
most patient consideration to his most mi
nute grievances and wants.
“ It* n>y formei Report, I observed, that,
in publick improvements, the per ons under
surveillance of the Law, might, I thought,
be employed. I wasgiad to see these peo
ple engaged in clearing the ground in (he
immediate neighbourhood of Fn etown,
and in removing the grn„s and indigo from
Ihe streets of the town ; a measure which,
if persevered in with Cure and attention,
cannot fail to be highly beneficial to the
general health of the community ; for. af
tera heavy foil of rain, and the sun striking
on the ground with its vertical power, ihe
vapours from the vegetable matter over
running the streets is so perceptible, that,
in draw ing breath, 1 have felt that I was in
haling a vapour, which I could but compare
to ga* from coal.
I cannot better mark the Rapid Vege
tation of Sierra Leone, than by noticing
the following circumstance. When sft
Sierra Leone in January 1819, in an unoc
cupied lot of ground in Freetown, where
two or three small trees had just sprung tip
(seedlings of the last year,) 1 was ‘induced,
trom curiosity, to measure and mark them,
in a particular way. On my return this
year, 1 observed the trees thus marked still
standing ; hut their extraordinary iacrease
made me doubt my own correctness ; my
initials on the bark, however, removed ail
doubt: they had grownup largo trees, and
were at least four times their former diam
eter.
“ Stone and Brick Buildings are now sao
ceeding the wooden houses and crazy huts,
of tvhich, in former days, Freetown was
composed; and the improvement by Bridg
es oi Stone, ever the rough and craggy wa
tercourses which the torrents have formed,
is very considerable.
“A Reservoir is now forming for affi.rd
mg a more ready supply of tyater to men
of war and shipping, without interrupting
the demand for the town. This, as i;> my
former Report I observed was much want
ed; sliil, an additional conductor to this
supply from the town mast be prepared, if
Freetown continues to increase as rapidly
as it has done since 1 have bad opportuni
ties ot making any observations opon it.
“The Defensive Works have been put
into an excellent state: and some of the
houses for the accommodation of the various
Servants ol the Colony are nearly complet
ed; and not only with a marked attention
to neatness, hut to the personal comforts of
individuals destined to occupy them.
“The Church, though a work of great
labour, is going on with spirit and perse
verance ; but some time musl elapse or#
it can be opened. The Barrack* of the
Officers have been much improved ;-und a
Commissariat-Store is constructing, which
will shortly be finished.
“ The manner in which the publick
schools are here conducted reflects the
greatest credit on those concerned in their
prosperity ; arid the improvement made by
the scholars proves the aptitude of the Af
rican, if moderate pains be taken to instruct
him.
“ I have attended places of publick wor
ship in every quarter of the globe, and I do
most conscientiously declare, never did I
w itness the Ceremonies of Religion more
piously performed, or more devoutly at
tended to, than in Sierra Leone.”
IRELAND.
The following interesting passage is extrac
ted from the Speech of the Rev. George
Marsden, one of the Treasurers of the
Wesleyan Missionary Society, at a late
anniversary meeting of the Baptist Irish
Society, in London.
Some time ago, I travelled through part
of Ireland, and through that part of it where
popery puts on its most frowning aspect;
for it is a fact, that in Ireland popery
wears a darker hue than in most parts of
Europe; and I am happy to find that your
Society has directed its labours to the prov
ince of Connaught, one of the darkest in the
island. I hare Leant there some very af
fecting statements, which prove the neces
sity of preaching the gospel, and establish
ing schools, and of using every means for
enlightening that county. At Carlow my
friend# introduced to. me a young man of
deep piety, a member of our Society, who
i® training up for preaching the gospel.
They desired me to couverse with tbe
young man, and to know from him how he
had been brought to the knowledge of the
truth. From him I learned, that his father
was a Catholick, and the whole family
were CatLolicks; and that he had hee
trained up by them for a lie had
received a good education, undorstood Lat
in and Greek, and some other- languages
tolerably well; but he now nothing of the
word of God. A family, who were about