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i.TxgMßwmttwiMWww ii mu ■hiiim mi
AFRICA.
It was remarked by the celebrated Mr. Wilber
force. that if ever Africa is explored, it will be by
Missionaries—and it is well known that within
the short period which has elapsed since the hand
of Christian benevolence lias been extended to
wards that land of “clouds and darkness,” much
iuseful and important information has been obtain
ed, particularly from the interiour, of which com
parative ly little was known. The researches of
pMr. Campbell added much to the stock of gene
ra! knowledge respecting Africa, and later trav
ellers, whom Christian charity has sent to explore
jjherwild and inhospitable deserts, have collected
pnany valuable facts, which might otherwise
[have long remained unknown to the civilized
1 world, and which have greatly contributed to a
Correct acquaintance with the geography of that
neglected quarter of the globe. With the char
acter, habits and dispositions of many of the nu
merous tribes which are scattered over its exten
sive surface, we have been also made acquainted
by these indefatigable and fearless men, who are
endeavouring, amidst a thousand discouragements’
and dangers, to open the way for the introduc
tion of Civilization and Christianity, with all their
attendant blessings, into regions which have long
been the undisturbed abode of idolatry and bar
barism in their most cruel and disgusting forms,
j The account given below of the Namacruas,
a nation residing on the Western Coast, between
the 24th and 29th deg. S. Lit. is from the Journal
of the Rev. Mr. Shaw, published in the London
J&jiotr'rv Mnsi-zir.e : .
ju The figure of the Nurnarquas is by no
without attractions. They are gen
erdlv taller than the Hottentots within the
(jßfwny, and ore quite erect, anti welt pro
portioned. Their colour is of a yellowish
brown, though this is only apparent from
■their hands and faces, the rest of their hud
ies being discoloured by grease and dirt.
Those who arp in hot climates, and who
are destitute ofclothirg, consider the cus
tom of grpasing the body to he highly use
ful;-this being the only method which they
have of preventing their skins from being
shrivelled and parched by the scorching
sun.
The Great Namacquas are of a mild and
fearful disposition, and towards those who
treat them with humanity, perfectly harm
less. Honesty is portrayed in their coun
tenance, and they are by no means void of
affection for their families and connexions.
They will share the last morsel in their
possession with one who is hungry, and
reflections are cast upon any, who, to use
their own expressions, “ eat alone—drink
alone —or smoke alone Strangers who
visit them, are treated with kindness. We
not only travelled amongst them in perfect
safety, but they most liberally supplied all
our want?, and were ready to render us
eyery possible assistance. During the time
that the Dutch’ had possession of the Colo
ny, plundering parties were frequently sent
THE MISSIONARY.
out amongst these tribes, tvho not only took
away their cattle, but committed the great
est barbarities. The Namacquas, is might
be expected, sought revenge, andj>one of
the plunderers met with the fate they g 0
justly deserved, whilst others were con
strained lo flee for their lives. Notwith
standing the cruelties which they have ex
perienced from Christian savages, Mission
aries may travel amongst them without
danger.
Their huts do not differ in their construc
tion from those of (he Little Namacquas;
they are perfect hemispheres formed of
the boughs of trees, and covered with mat
ting. The sedges of which their mats are
madp being of an inferiour kind, their ho
vels have but a mean appearance. Some
of them may properly be called rick, as
they possess immense numbers of horned
-orttile, Le.ides feat- “hoejL. We were
frequently surprised at the rp'turn of ur>
cow 9 and oxen from the fields; clouds of
dust, seen floating in the air on every side
of the village, were continuing to approach
each other, till the cattle which raised
them, were all brought together into one
fold, where they remain for the night.
They delight much in (heir cattle, and,
like Ihe Caffros, they turn the horns of
their favourite ones in every direction
which fancy suggests to them as orna
menlal.
Their chief subsistence is animal food
and milkj they have no.bread or vegetables,
but there are roots that grow spontaneous
ly in the field, and which they gather and
eat. They likewise use a sort of grass
seed, much resembling our English rve
grass, toil of a hea< ior body. This, after
being made clean, is mixed with milk, and
makes a good substitute for oatmeal. They
do not, however, gather it themselves, but
steal it from the nests of the laborious ants.
Themiikis sometimes drunk sweet as taken
from the cows, but it is more generally put
in'o ve=sp!s to coagulate, in which state it
is supposed to bo far more nutritious, the
best proof of which is the healthy appear
ance of those by whom it is used.
Their drrss is similar to that ofthe sur
rounding tribe*. Many of the males wear
a hf It about the waist, to w hich is hung in
front a case made of jacks ll’ *kin; others
have a covering of soft leather, and’ the
richer amongst them have in addition there
to, a sort of wheel suspended at the end of
an ornamented girdle—the wheel is formed
of (hick leather, and set with beads of cop
per or iron. Their carosses (or cloaks)
are composed of the skins of sheep, jack
alls, or wild cats and also serve for tlipir
nightly covering. Sandals are in almost
general use; ami are either made of bill
lock’s hide, or the prepared skins of wild
animals. The females wear a little apron
ten or twelve inches in breadth, and a
many in length. It is formed of skin, and
ornamented according to the taste of the
wearer, with various tassels reaching to
the knee. Some of them make caps of
skin for their heads, and other? cover them
with the cured maws of sheep or calves.
They have ornaments of ivory, copper
and iron rings on their legs and arm*, and
are much attached to heads, with which
their wrists and necks, and sometimes their
waists and are decorated. Many had their
hair adorned with small shells, in which
the figure of a star spooled to have ihp pre
ference. A red powder mingled with tat,
and profusely laid on the head, form? in
their estimation, a rich pomatum: Some
of their heads appeared as if overlaid with i
red pastry—those of others resembled a
mop for washing floors—and some had the
resemblance of the. quills of the porcupine.
Their appearance was curious, wild, and
to astranger even terriflick. The ladies
use various sorts of paint, with which they
daub their cheeks : Here thpir difference
of taste is displayed, some using red, others
brown, rd “ome a jet black, being <x com
r—* taiarcout and fat blended to
gether.
Each tribe or clan is governed by a chief
who attends to the forms handed down from
generation to generation. The chief re
ceives the hind part of every bullock which
is slaughtered ; this he distributes amongst
the males of his village, alt of whom are
called his soldiers. He also collects a suf
ficiency of milk by (be door of his hut, to
deal out amongst the poor and the needy.
On the death of his wife, every male who
has arrived at years of maturity, gives him
a cow, which, after a certain number of
years, is again returned; A part of every
animal taken in hunting i required by the
chief, and though it should be in a state of
putrefaction before it can be brought him,
he nevertheless demands his right.
They carry with them their ancient
weapons, the bow and arrows. The ar
rows are preserved in a case or quiver, and
are deeply poisoned. The assagy, which
is a sort of spear fixed to the end of a ta
pering shaft, is in general use: in throwing
this weapon they are remarkably expert;
but are quite alarmed at site-arms, and
will, if possible make their escape from
them.
Their petty wars generally originate re
specting their cattle, but they are seldom
of a serious nature. Their engagements
may generally be compared to the sham
fights of children ; yet, ifßu9btpen or others
GO YE INTO ALL THE WORLD AND PREACH THE CUPEL TO EVERY CREATURE.- Jesus Christ.
MOUNT ZION, (HANCOCK CO. GA.) MONDAY, OCTOBER 29, 1821.
have stolen away their cattle, a Commando
is despatched to rstake them, in doing
which, death is sometimes the consequence.
In many thing? they are exceedingly
superstitious, and tjeir sorcerers exercise
various tricks amoigst them, lo wtiiqh most
of them give credeice. When a person is
sick, the sorcerer isteDt for, who examines
the place where fee pain is seated, and
privately letting a small bit of wdod fall
upon it, he declares it has come out of the
sick man’s flcsh. Sometimes he Cuts off
the first joint of the little finger of his pa
tient, pretending that the sickness will go
out with the blood. Os this we had num
erous proofs in the many* persons whom we
saw who had lost the first, and some the
second joint of their iittle fingers. On
such occasions the sorcerpr Hpqiands the
fattest sheep in the flock, which is killed
and feasted upon. Sometimes incisions are
made in (he part affectqd, at oiher times
red hot iron is laid uponit to scorch and
blister it, and sometimes they cover it with
a plaster of fat. Many wore upon their
heads the skins of gall l . —Those galls had
been taken from atrnials slaughtered on
some particular occason. such a9 on their
being declared to ijive arrived at ftiau’s
estate, on their shoofing some wild animal,
or at the time of their marriage. The fe
males perform whal they call another
slaughter, or anotbei sacrifice. For this
particular cattle are istined, and none but
particular persons are allowed to partake
thereof: the males ane altogether exclud
ed. I doubt not hut t|i custom has in for
mer ages L PPn inte n il a a sort of relig
ious oidman? e, hut nothing of that kind
is at present intended by tl, as they are
totally in the dark respecting every truth
even in natural religion. In one of their
i illages thp rising of a very stormy wind
was attributed to cur having changed our
linen and clothes, and the calm which com
menced ihe following day they attributed
to the same circumstance. Br. Schmelen
having put on another waitcoat, they sup
posed the wind to have settled in conse
,qi!r>ncp of thp change. They do not like
to he numbered, asthey think it to he a token
that death will soon take them away. On
seeing the mist arise out of the sea, they
believe that strangers are coming amongst
them, and hold themselves in readiness.
1 hey are much afraid of an rlipc, as also
of Ihe meteor vulgarly called the falling
star; they consider il a token of sickness
amongst their cattle, md will drive them to
another part, and bej of the star to spare
them.
In their pastoral wav of life they have
not much work to teqnire their attention,
vet many of their have servants of the
Daraara nation to vafeh their cattle hy
day, and bring them to the fold in the
evening. Some of the Damaras are also
employed amongst them as smiths, who
make rings for their arm?, assagys for their
defence, and ornabents of copper for their
ears, &c.
.Some ofthe Namacqnas make bambooses
to contain their milk, and a few have small
gardens for the purpose of raising tobacco,
which they exchange with their neigh
bours. The women make mats for their
houses, milk the cows, clean the grass-seed
for food, and pound the hark with which
their hair is powdered. When a hunting
party is formed, the whole horde go out to
gether, and forming themselves into a
large circle, they surround the place where
it i* expected the animal will be found,
i The circle is then contracted, and all of
them draw nearer to the object of their
pursuit; on the rising up of the game, each
is ready for the attack, and a shower of as
sagys suddenly deprive Him of life.
Some of them are kirfd to the sick, but
the aged and infirm are often treated with
cruelty. When a party are about to emi
grate to some other part of the country, a
small inclosure or fold is made of hushes;
in thi* fold thVse who are unable to travel
(perhaps an aged father or mother) are
shut tip ; a sheep is generally left for their
subsistence, which being eat up, they eith
die of hunger, or are devoured by the wild
beasts of the desert. Mr. Moffat, on a
journey northward of the Orange River,
found “ in the middle of a wild country an
old woman who had been left to perish by
her companions, among whom were her
own children.—lt was proposed to remove
her to another kraal, hut she refused, be
cause the people there would do the same
to her as her own friends had done.” Mr.
Schmelen, who has witnessed similar in
stances, frequently charged them during
our journey with this most unnatural crime,
and warned them against the practice in
future.
At their funerals they practice no cere
monies. Soon as a person has ceased to
breathe, or even before the vita! functions
have completed their work, his friends
press the body, in order that the corpse
may lie more compact. A small round’
hole is then scratched in the. ground, and
the corpse placed in it, in a sitting posture ;
after which a pile of stone* to the height of
four or five feet is heaped upon it, to pre
vent any wild animals from taking it iway.
They are generally much alarmed at the
thought of death, and when a fi.mil has
lost one of its membt vs, the house in uhich
they dwelt is speedily removed to another
situation. They seem to have but little
idea of traffick, yet from the many iron bod
kins which we saw amongst them, it is cer
tain that they have some intercourse with
the nations on the east. On inquiring from
whom they had obtained those articles,
they answered, “ from the people where
the sun comes up.” It is evident that the
natives cross the Continent from east to
west, aod I doubt not but Missionaries will
find th at course, and be able to uniie by a
chain of various links, the Missions to the
Bootchuanas with those of the great Nam
acquas.
It was exceeding desirable that Walvish
Bay (lat. 22. 54. S. and long. 44. 36. E.)
should be visited by some Missionary,
which 1 *t*nrehend is only a few weeks
journey from Beui;,**,. j
with an English captain, new in Capetown,
wtio was on shore at that place ; he saw
the natives, Rnd got a supply of wafer. If
a settlement were formed at that Bay, the
Missionaries residing there, might act as
agents to the brethren at Bethany, the
Fish River, &c. which would supersede the
necessity of leaving their stations, and trav
elling loCape Town for necessaries.
We have cause to believe from a variety
of circumstances, that the Lord is by a se
cret influence, preparing the minds of the
heathen for the reception of the Gospel;
“[Lift up ynur eyes, and look on the fields ;
for they are white already to harvest. The
harvest truly is plenteous, but the labourers are
few. Pray ye, therefore, the Lord of the har
vest, that he send forth labourers into his kar
uest.”—Lon. Meth. Mag.
PRESENT STATE OF THE SLAVE
TRADE.
The Report of a special Committee appointed
by the London African Institution to form a digest
of the information relative to the Slave Trade as
it is at present conducted, thus summarily notices
the dispositions of the different Powers which
have pledged themselves to suppress or mitigate
the horrours of this inhuman and unnatural traf
fick;—
“ In the case of one Power, (Spain) the
Committee find the attempt revived to hide
the enormities of its Slave Trade under the
miserable pretence of concern for the soots
of those, on whose bodily and menial feel
ings they scrap U not to inflict the most
grievous of all injuries.
“ In another, (Portugal) they discover
an apparently fixed determination to cling
to this flagitious Commerce at all hazards,
unless it can wring, from the sympathies
of this country toward Africa, a large re
deeming price for the blood which it will
otherwise deliberately shed, and for the
agonies and tortures which it will other
wise deliberately inflict.
“ By a third, (Netherlands) of whom
better things might have been expected,
the utmost pains have been taken to estab
lish such a hcnitaiion of ils own solemn en
gagements as must fritter away or wholly
destroy all the beneficial effpets which they
were designed to produce, so long as one
Slate in Europe shall be found unprincipleai
enough to connive at crimes which it has
professed to renounce and to punish ; or so
long as Portugal, persisting in her deter
mination to perpetuate a Trade which she
has declared to be a violation of the sacred
principles of religion and humanily, shall
be able to supply a human victim from her
own possessions in Angola, or lo glean man,
woman, or child from the interiour of
Africa.
“Os the conduct of a fourth Power,
(France) the Committee are unwilling to
express themselves in terms that would ap
propriately convey their feelings. They
will, therefore, abstain from the attempt;
in the hope, that, in a country where pub
lick opinion is nol without very considera
ble influence and where information may
be widely diffused, the hare statement of
thp facts of the case will produce their due
effect, both on the Government and the
People.
“They would only remark, that every
oDe of these Governments, whose subjects,
it will be seen, carry on the Slave Trade,
almost without disguise, and certainly with
impunity, has joined in the unequivocal
reprobation of the Traflick, in language as
strong as the most sincere detestation could
suggest.
“It seems important, also, to remark,
that while Great Britian has been waging
this unequal conflict with the avarice and
profligacy of the Traders of so many other
States, which have certainly not shewn any
extraordinary ardour in repressing the
crimes of their own subjects, it has derived
but little aid from the declamations and re
monstrances of Austria, Russia, and Prussia :
who stand equally piedged with Great Brit
ian, to enforce and execute the solemn sen
tence pronounced on the Slave Trade, by
the Powers of Europe assembled in Con
gress at Vienna ; and to provide that it
shall not be rendered abortive by the arts
or the influence of the miscreants who are
engaged in carrying it on.
“ America alone has practically seconded
our efforts with cordiality. But ei>cn this
Power—anxious as the Committee believe
her to be in her wishes tq destroy this
enormous evil, in which too many of her 1
own subject* still participate—is restrained,
Price . $ if 3 ? so P r -*“*• or > l
J $3,00 in advances
by certain Conslitulional considerations
from that full co-operation which is neces
sary to its repression. If, however, the
report shall be confirmed—ihat she has,
by a Legislative Enactment, stamped the
Slave Trade with the brand of piracy ; and
subjected every citizen of the United States,
as well as every foreigner sailing under the
American Flag, who shall be engaged in car*
rying it on, to capital punishment—she will
have elevated her character to a height to
which other nations may look with envy ;
and she will have set an example, which
Great Britian, the Committee cannot doubt,
will be among the very first to imitate, and
which must, sooner or later, become a part
of the universal code of the civilized
world.”
— r r*—r,-
were laid before Parliament, and Resolutions and
Addresses were unanimously voted by both houses
to his Majesty, in full accordance with the senti
ments of the Report, and entering largely and
forcibly into the conduct cf the European powers
in relation to the slave trdde. To America the
following honourable tribute is given; .
“ In witnessing the conduct of the Legis
lature of the United States on this occasion,
we are led to reflect, with grateful exulta
tion, on our common origin, and on those
common laws and institutions, whose liberal
={*irit lias prompted our American Breth
ren to be among the very foremost in thus
stamping on a Traffick in the persons of
air fellow-creatures its just character and*
designation: and we cannot but express our
hopes, that not only we ourselves hall
speedily follow so honourable an example,
hut that the day is not far distant, when, by
the general concurrence of all civilized
nations, this detestable Traffick shall be
pronounced to be piratical, to be an offence
against all human kind, which all are enti
tled and bound by duty to suppress.”
Lon. Mis. Beg.
AMERICAN MISSION IN CEYLON.
m. meigs’s journal kept at batticotta.
Unde?date of Sept. 27, 1819, mention is made
of a libera] donation of 150 rix dollars for the
benefit of the mission, by Col, Penson of the mil
itary establishment in Bengal,and a promise ol 100
rix dollars annually, for the support of two hea
then girls, to whom he would give names,
Admissions to the church.
Sabbath 10. Held the communion at
this place. Mr. Moot art from Jaffhapa
tam, and brother Poor, were, present. My
infant daughter Eliza was haplized, and Ga
briel Tissera was admitted into our church.
A? I have so often spoken of the character
of this yootig man, it is unnecessary to en
large at this time. He was examined at
some length the evening before, in pres
ence of us all, as lo his personal experience
in religion, and his knowledge ofthe doc
trines of Christianity ; and by his appropri
ate and intelligent answers, he gave us
great satisfaction.
31. The Sacrament ofthe Lord’s Sup
per was observed today at Tillipully.
Nicholas Pernaunder, an interesting young
man, who lives with brother Poor, was ad
mitted into the church.
Violent Wind,
Nov. G. Had a violent westerly storm
today, which has done much injury to this
district. We have no fences to he blown
dowD, as our fields are all inclosed hy living
hedges; and the native houses, or rather
huts, are so low as not to be much exposed
to the blast. But (he plantains, or bananas,
and some other kinds of fruit trees, are ea
sily broken. The cocoa-nut and palmyra
trees are so firmly rooted, as not often to
he overturned by the most violent winds.
We usually have about two such storms in
the year; but the storm, or hurricane, (a*
it may with propriety be called) does not
commonly last more than one day.
Mention i9 here made of the alarming preva
lence of the Small Pox in the neighbouring dis
tricts ; and of the spasmodic cholera, which had
swept off thousands ofthe natives in the Candyan
country. The Missionaries took the precaution
to have the scholars in their Charity Boarding
School vaccinated, and as vaccination had become
common in the vicinity of Batticotta, the former
disease had not spread. The Journal adds:
When the judgment* of God are abroad
in the earth, may the people learn right
eousness. And yet these stupid beings at
tribute the judgments to the anger of dev*
ils; and by sacrifices and various offering*,
endeavour to appease their wrath. Many
of the people believe and say, that the sick
ness and death ofbrotber Warren was caus
ed by the anger of their gods, as a punish
ment for his having burnt an image of their
god Vyraven, in a lime kiln. Mr. Richard*,
also, they say, lost hi* voice and health, ia
consequence of his having highly offended
their avenging goddess Putricaller, by go
ing into her temple in the neighbourhood,
with his shoes on, while it was burnt down
a few yesrs ago, and discovering her imar
ges with their noses burnt off. This tem
ple has been since rebuilt of stone in a hand-
some mauner, by order of the goddess,
who, they say, appeared to a bramhun in n
dream, and gave orders to that effect.
Phis order was promotly obeyed by the
peoples * ; f