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gfymsibilities— Yetitii veil for Georgia
to know them so far as they are menaced
by the United States. If it i* intended that
the Government of the United States will
interpose its power to preveot the survey,
the government of Georgia cannot have too
early or too distinct notice; for bow highly
dishonourable would it be for the stronger
party to avail itself of that power to surprise
the weaker. If the government only mean,
that omitting its constitutional duty, it will
not pacify the Indians and make safe the
frontier whilst the officers of Georgia are
in peaceful fulfilment of their instructions
connected with the survey, it i* important
to the gore-mmeol of Georgia to know it,
that depending on itself for safety, it shall
not depend in vain ; but if the government
of the United States mean what is not even
yet to be believed, that assuming like (heir
Agent upon another, not dissimilar occasion,
an altitude of neutrality, feigned and insin
cere; it will like that Agent, harrow up the
Indians to the commission of hostile and
bloody deeds, then indeed the government
of Georgia should also know it, that it may
guard and fence itself against the perfidy
and treachery of false friends. In either
event, however, the President of the U. S.
may rest content that the government of
Georgia cares for no responsibilities in the
exercise of its rights, and the execution of
its trost, but those which belong to con
science mul to God, which thanks to him is
equally our God as the God of the Uuited
States.
Very respectfully, yourob’t. serv’t.
G. J\l. TROUP.
To C. Vandeventer, Chief Clerk ,
War Department.
Copy of a Letter from Gen. Gaines to Gorernour
Troup.
HEAD QUARTERS.
Eastern Department, )
Indian Spring, July 20th, 1825. $
Sir : I have to acknowledge the honour of
your Excellency’s letrer of the 17lh of this
month, by which it appears that you had “ only a
moment t? say one word” in answer to mine of
the toil)-.
Your one word, cnmprehonding however, two
pretty closely written pages, coming as it does
from the Chief Magistrate of an elightened and
patriotick number of the United States demands
my attention. Not being disposed however, to
follow your example at to time, I have permitted
your letter to lie on my table for a week past, in
the expectation that a little reflection wou'd sug
gest to you the propriety of correcting some ex
pressions apparently hasty, and calculated to call
forth an answer partaking of the climate and
heated atmosphere in which 1 find myself, against
which it has been my constant purpose carefully
to guard. But your letter having made its ap
pearance in a newspaper, just now handed to me
by a friei and, [ can no longer see the propriety of
withholding a reply.
Yon say the certificate of Marshall, no matter
how procured, is one of the most daring efforts
that ever was attempted by malignant villany to
palm a falsehood oti ignorant credulity.”
“ JVo mutter how procured" —l will first state to
you the manner in which that frightful certificate
was “ procured,” and then proceed to show that
its “daring” character consists only i:i its truth,
and its direct tendency to expose in part the
“ malignant villany” which has been exten-ively
practi-ed on the credulity of many of the good
citizens of Georgia and other states in refer, nce
to the Indians and the treaty. The facts contain
ed in the certificate in question were voluntarily
and to me unexpectedly communicated by Mr.
W'illiam Edwards and Joseph Marshall, whose
signatures it bears. Os the character of William
Edwards, who is a citizen of this State, I have
had no means of knowing much personally. He
has been represented to me by Col. Broadnax, of
J’ike. and by Col. Phillips, of this county, as a
man of truth, poor, but honest and upright: a de
scription of character, applicable to a large class
of the inhabitants of this aud other parts of our
western border, in whom I have usually found as
much devotion to truth, as in any other class of
Ameiican citizens. Joseph Marshall is personal
ly better known to me. He is a Creek half breed,
and is deemed to be a good Interpreter; and
however defective, as I know he is, in education
and refined moral sentiments, such as have ob
tained the sanction ol civilized society, I have no
doubt that he is one of the most upright Chiefs
that ever belonged to the little treaty-making par
ty. Neither of these men, Edwards or Marshall,
appeared to me at all qualified for what you de
nounce their certificate to be “ the most daring
effort that was ever attempted by malignant villa
ny.” Their statements were simple and appa
rently unprejudiced and unimpassioned. They
weie made after the principal business of the
Conned had been brought to a close, and in the
presence of many of the respectable citizens of
Pike county. Convinced of the propriety of all
my duties with the Indians being performed in
open day, and in the presence of as many as would
attend, of all states and of all colours; I took
care that the certificate should be taken and ex
plained in presence of the Council and all others
who had seen fit to attend. I had no secret pro
jects to promote, nor any “ secret griefs” to rem
edy, or secret hopes to gratify ; and consequent
ly had no occasion for separating the Chiefs, or for
secret examinations. The certificate was written
as it was dictated, as I believe word for word, by
my Aid-de-camp, Lieutenant E. George Wash
ington Butler, a young officer of accomplished
military education and talents, with unbending
integrity and spotless honour) and who is as in
capable of giving countenance to a trick or mis
representation as was the beloved father of his
country with whose name he is honoured, and
whose patriotism and virtue he constantly and
scrupulously imitates.
Having thus explained to you the means em
ployed to obtain the certificate in question, for
which I hold myself responsible, I have now to
remark that, although I never entertained a doubt
but you were deceived into a belief that Gen.
Mclntosh had consulted the few Chiefs of his par
ty, and had obtained their assent in Couucil, to
the immediate survey of the ceded land; yet I
have found no satisfactory evidence of any such
Council consisting of the Chiefs of the ceded ter
titoiy, having ever acted at all upon the subject.
And it is apparent from Mclntosh’* letters, “no
matter how procured,” (I will offer no spology
for making use of your Excellency’s piegnant
phrase ) or by whom written, that he himstlfcon
sidered the permission to survey as merely condi
tional. But I contend that neither Gen. Mcln
tosh nor his vassal Chiefs had any right to give
soch permission £ for the treaty, “ no matter how
procured,” had become a law of the land :—its
provisions could not therefore he changed or ren
dered imperative by any correspondence or any
subsequent agreement between your Excellency
and any part or the whole of the individuals of
one of the contracting parlies, without thi con
sent qf the other. The treaty makes it our duty
to protect the Indians against the whites and all
others. To protect them from the whites, it is
necessary and proper that we should maintain the
usual line of demarcation between them and the
whites. lam charged with (heir protection. To
accomplish this important duty, my first object
has been to take effectual measures to prevent all
intercourse between them and the whites, excep
ting only such as is sanctioned hy the laws of the
United States.
You say, “ l very well know that from the late
events which have transpired under the eyes of
the Commissioners of Georgia, that the oath of a
Governour of Georgia may be permitted to pass
for nothing, and that any vagabond of the Indian
country may be put in requisition to discredit
him, but I assure you sir, if that oath should not
weigh a single feather with your Government, it
will weigh with the people of this State, who
so far as I have knowledge ol their history, have
never yet refused ciedence to the woid of their
Chief Magistrate.”
To this apparently very serious, but certainly
very vague charge, I cannot undertake to reply
until you do me the favour to give me sone spe
cification of the matters of fact to which yo(i hove
reference. I will however take this occaaon to
remark, that whatever statement you have
received in support of the insinuation apparently
contained in yonr letter, that I have called in
question, or ever put any person in requisition to
call in question the oath, or the word, of a Gov
ernonr of Georgia, during his continuance in of
fice, is wholly destitute of truth. I have indeed
believed, and have expressed to you my belief,
that yon have been greatly deceived
in whose honour you placed reliance, but who
were unworthy your confidence.
But I am hy no means dirposed’to yield even
my tacit assent to the high toned rule of English
law which your remarks just now quoted call to
mind, that “ the King can do no wrong.” Truth
is a divine attribute and the foundation of every
virtue. “ Truth is the basis of ell excellence.”
This inestimable moral treasure, truth, is to be
found in the cottage as well as in the palace, a*
the plough as well as at the official bureau ol stale.
Many otthe unfortunate wanderers of the wilder
ness and its borders are firm votaries of truth as
any men I have ever known. Some of them who
have been unfortunate, and whose regard to
truth and honesty induced them to give tip the
last dollar justly due to their creditors, had they
regarded money a little more, and truth a little
less, might have failed full handed, and now in
stead of being reduced to the condition of despis
ed poverty, would wanton in the luxuries of plun
dered wealth. It is no longer possible in Ameri
ca to make freemen believe that “ the King,
{or he icho governs ) can do no wrong.”
The enlightened citizens of the republicU hav
ing found it fruitless to look for angels in the form
of men to govern them, know full well how to
discriminate between the high office, and the man
who fills it. Your Excellency will, l doubt not,
always receive a degree of respect proportioned
at least to that which you are wont to bestow on
other men in office: more than this could not be
expected—less than this would not be just.—
That a great part of the citizens of Georgia are
magnanimous, just, generous and chivalric, 1 well
know—and that they are disposed to do justice
to their shies magistrate, I am equally convinced :
nor can I doubt that they will do equal justice
to their United States as well as to their state of
ficers. I rely upon the wisdom and justice and
patriotism of at least nine tenths of those with
whom I have the pleasure of an acquaintance—
many of whom are cultivators of the land, to
which class, in this and every other state of the
Republick, I look up with confident pleasure and
pride, as they form the adamantine pillars of the
Union; against which the angry vapouring pa
per squibs of the little and the great demagogues,
of all countries, may continue to be hurled for
hundreds of centuries without endangering the
noble edifice a this beloved monument of Ameri
can wisdom and valour and virtue, will stand .un
shaken, when the disturbers of its infantile repose
will be remembered only to be pitied or exe
crated.
The good people of Georgia, I am well aware,
are anxious to obtain possession of the land upon
their western border; but they would abhor the
idea of fraudulent or lawless means being resorted
to, to treat for, or after treating, to obtain posses
sion of it, before the lime authorized by treaty—
and I am convinced that the President of the ts.
States is as sincerely desirous as any upright citi
zen of Georgia can be, that the Indian claims to
the land within her limits should be speedily ex
tinguished ; and that the Indians should remove
therefrom as soon as they can justly be required
to remove—But he owes them protection and ju>-
tice.
It is not to be denied that there is in Georgia,
as well as in every other state, a small class of
men, who, like the “ holy alliance,” profess to
employ themselves in the laudable work of en
lightening and governing all other classes of the
community; but whose labours consist of vain
and “ daring efforts” to prove that the light of
truth is to be found only with the party to which
they themselves belong, and that all others go
wrong. If you will take the trouble to read the
newspaper essays with which the presses have
been teeming for some years past, you will find
that many of the essayists have had the hardihood
to “ refuse credence to the word of their chief
magistrate,” and yet we have no reason to despair
of the Republick.
You say, “I do not like the complection of
things at all, as disclosed by the commissioiers
on the part es the state, and I sincerely hope
(yon add) that you may never have cause to re
gret the part that you have taken in them.” Per
mit me then sir, to conclude with a sincere hope
that the commissioners with whose report I am
thus menaced, may prove by their conduct that
they belong not to the aforementioned one sided
enlightening class. Should their report be found
to contain the truth, the whole truth, and nothing
but the truth, your Excellency may dismiss yonr
apprehensions on my account, as I have nothing
to appnebend. But if their report is not true, I
can only eay that thtFrengueand the pen of ca’
lumny can never move me from thewa%of duty,
nor ever make me regret the coursP pursued by
me in respect to the Indians, or the commission
ers, the State, or the United States.
In tendering to your Excellency my acknow
ledgments for the “ prepossessions” in my favour
of which you speak, and which you say would
have given you “ pleasure to cherish in behalf of
an officer who had rendered signal services to his
country,” permit me to observe that the approba
tion of my countrymen is more dear to me than
any earthly treasure they could bestow, save that
of an assured devotion to the republick—if in
deed, it be in my power to win that approbation
by a faithful discharge of my duties as a publick
officer, and as an honest man : 1 have long en
deavoured thus to win it ; my best efforts are con
stantly exerted to ascertain the direct and proper
course of duty, prescribed by law, and justice
and honour, and to pursue that course without
any regard to consequences. 1 have seen of late
with regret, that it is scarcely possible for an of
ficer of the general government to differ from you
in opinion without incurring your ui,courteous
animadversion, or your acrimonious censure—
neither of which shall ever induce me to forget
what is due to the venerated Ftaiion which you
fill, and the relation in which you stand to the
general government, in whose service I have the
honour to be placed.
Wishing you health and respect, 1 have the
honour to be,
EDMUND PENDLETON GAINES,
Major Gen. Commanding.
To His Exc’y G gorge M. Troup,
Governour of Georgia.
From the N. York Rel. Chronicle.
THE WEATHER.
It may be gratifying to our reader*, while
suffering tinder the unusual beat of the
present season, to he informed what
has been the state of the weather
in other parts of our country. As during
Ihe last winter the cold was more than in
the common proportion at the South , 90 the
severity of the presort! summer seems to
be almost exclusively confined to the JYorth.
A gentleman from South Carolina a day or
two since informed us, that the summer
with them was noticed as more than usually
cool; while here, and further north, the
degree of heat for the same length of time,
is almost, if not entirely, without a parallel.
In Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine,
and even in Canada, Ihe thermometer ha
rien a number of degrees higher than in
this city, and the fatal consequences result
ing from this state of things have been fell
no less than among ourselves.
Twenty or thirty persons are reported
to have died io Boston in the warm days of
last week, from exposure and imprudent
use of cold water, only ; and the bill of mor
tality for New York, as will be seen, ex
hibits an alarming increase of deaths in the
same period. From 110, the number who
died ihe week preceding, it rose to 197!
being an addition of 87 ! sixty more, it is
asserted, than ever before in tbe same space
of time. This great increase is attribnta’
ble altogether to the state of the weather.
Thirty three persons are reported by the
City Inspector to have died from the use of
cold water, fifteen from apoplexy, nine from
inflammation of the bowels, and seven from
inflammation of the braiD.
In Boston tbe master mechanicks have
adopted a resolution permitting their men
to abstaio from labour for some hours du
ring tbe intensity of the heat, and in vari
ous parts of the country a similar relaxation
has been found essential for both man and
beast.
A singular exhibition of the extreme pow
er of the solar rays this summer, has been
witnessed in a pond of considerable size in
Rhode Island, where the fish were entirely
destroyed, and floated by thousands on its
surface.
In the connexion with this topick, a few
remarks on the subject of drinking cold wa
ter, &c. may not be inappropriate : and that
we may not mislead by any unwarrantable
opinions of our own, we shall make use of
the authority of a medical writer, and on
bis responsibility they must rest. The
Editor of the Boston Intelligencer states
that tbe cases of injury from cold water
have been generally confined to the labour
ing classes, and that the majority of deaths
have occurred arnoDg such as were intem
perate. —“There is” says be, “a mistaken
notion pervading this class of society, that
if the weather is excessively warm it is ne
cessary to take the more spirit. Nothing
can be more erroneous, nor any practice
more pernicious. The les9 spirit n man
drinks the better it is for him, under all
circumstances.’ He attributes consequen-,
ceß of the draft of water, in a great mens
ure, to high excitement while under the in
fluence of the complicated derangements of the’
system , and other evils resulting from intem
perance.
In reference to the remedies to be appli
ed, in cases of prostration by drinking cold
water, the writer recommends free blood
letting, with the use of quick and powerful
emeticks , in which prescription he is sup
ported by the opinions and practice of the
medical gentlemen in Boston. Antimonial
wine is specified as a proper emetick, in
cases where an emetick should be required.
But it ofteo, very often, happens that the
sufferer falls and breathes his last before his
case is knowD, and the putrefactive process
follows with remarkable celerity. Os
course, here, medical aid is of no avail;
which consideration only adds to the impor
tance of caution in tbe use of water, when
suffering from exposure to the beat.
We believe our readers generally under’
stand tbe plan adopted by the Turks in tbeir
operations against Greece duriog tbe pre
sent campaign. Its principal features were,
1. An army of 10 or 12,00 Egyptians, Arabs,
&c. under Ibrahim Pacha, to be landed at
Mondon, and Coron in tbe Morea. 2. A
large body of Albanians, Suliots, and others,
under the Seraskier Redscbid Pacha, to
enter Western Greece from the north, and
penetrate to the Morea. On these two ar
mies the Saltan placed bis principal hopes.
3. A small body of troops, principally cav
alry, under the traitor Odysseus, were ex
pected to render important services in Eas
tern Greece. 4. The Turkish fleet was
to render its aid as circumstances might re
quire.
We are rejoiced to say that this play has
been defeated in all its parts. We have
already announced the critical situation of
Ihe Egyptian army in the Morea : the next
arrivals will probably bring U 9 intelligence
ol its capture or entire destruction. To
this we are now gratified to add that the
Paris Constitutionel ot the 9th of June, re
ceived in this city during the past week,
details the defeat of Redschid Pacha, at the
head ot 25,090 Albanians, Suliots, and oth
ers, near Anaiolica, on Ihe 17th of May, by
the Greeks, 12,000 in number. Notas, Bo
zaris, Znngas, and Nicetas, were tbe chiefs
who led the Christians. At day break
Nicetas, who commanded ihe vanguard,
gave the signal for battle, and rushed into
the midst of the enemy. At 3 o’clock vic
tory crowned the standard of the Chris
tians. The Turks, beaten at all points,
fled in the road at Arta, leaving 3000 kil
led on (he field of battle, 500 wounded, and
two Pachas prisoners; 20 standards, and
all the Ottoman artillery fell into the hands
of the Greeks. If this account be true, and
it bears every mark of authenticity, the
campaign of the Sultan for this summer is
ended.
In addition to this gratifying intelligence
it is stated that the traitor Odysseu9 has fal
len into Ihe hands of the Greeks, after hav
ing been abandoned by his own soldiers.
The Greeks also maintain their ascenden
cy at sea, and have gained several signal
naval victories Accounts from Trieste
state that on the 13th of May they sent iwo
fireships into the harbour of Modon, and
succeeded in burning 40 ships of war and
transports, which were lying at anchor
there. An Odessa article of May 19th sayg
that 13 transports loaded with provisions
and ammunition destined for the Egyptian
fleet, were captured by the Greek® in the
port of Mitylene.—On tbe whole ihe cause
of this t-rave people was never more pros
perous.—JY. Y. Observer.
From the Washington Gazette.
SPEECH OF AN INDIAN CHIEF WHO
ASSISTED IN KILLING M‘INTOSH.
Brothers!—M‘lntush is dead. He broke
the law ot the nation—the law which he
made himself His face was turned to the
white men, who wish to take our lands from
us. His back was to his own people ; his
ear was shut to the cries of our women and
children. His heart was estranged from
us. The words of his talk were deceitful;
they came to us like the sickly breeze that
flies over the marsh of the great river.
The Great Spirit turned away his face
from him. He fell by the hands of red men,
at his own place, in the sight of his women
& children. The false men who joined him
fell also with him.
Brothers!—M'lntosh wa9 brave the
deeds of his youth were mighty; but bis
heart became changed, he spoke the words
of deceilfulness. He deceived ns, and we
slew him. The land is red with bis blood,
and with the blood of his friends. Oor
vengeance is satisfied. We bury the hatch
et of revenge. Let us obey the Great
Spirit, that he may lead his children in the
path of their wandering.
Jin argument for Education Societies —lt
is stated in the report of the General Con
vention of Vermont, that two thirds of the *
students of Middlebury College are hop
fully pious, and that this circumstance has
thrown such a restraining and salutary in
fluence over the college, that not one case
of disciplinable offence has occurred during
the last year! We do not believe that anoth
er instaoce of such uniform good conduct
for so long a period, cao be found in the
history of any of onr literary institutions;
certainly not in any where the number of
students is as great as at Middlebury. This
fact speaks volumes in praise of Eddcation
Societies. It is through the blessing of God
oo the faithful admonitions and counsels of
the beneficiaries of these societies that so
large a portion of the young men at oor
northern colleges aod academies become
hopefully pious. Before the establishment
of Education Societies, thpre was scarcely [
a college in New England where one tenth
part of the students were professors of re<
ligion. Now, if we except the University
of Cambridge, the number of pious students
is on an average at |pa9t one third of the
whole. When we attempt to trace the es- .
sects which this wonderful revolution iD
the state of our colleges is calculted to pro
duce on the character of oor country, and
on the eternal welfare of the millions with-