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THE MERCURY. n s Second-clans Matter at J^Snndevm Ulc Postofflee April 37, 1880. __ Sandersville, Washington County, Ga. PUBLISHED BY A> j. J KRNIGAN, proprietor and Publisher. Subscription: $1.50 Per Year, ■ ■ THE MERCURY. 4. /. RERNIGAlf, Proprietor. VOLUME VIL DEVOTED TO LITERATURE,, AGRICULTURE AND GENERAL INTELLIGENCE. SANDERSVILLE, GA., TUESDAY, DECEMBER 14, 1886. SUBSCRIPTION: $1.50 Per Annum. NUMBER 33. THE MERCURY. FOBUSBED EVERY TUESPAT. NOTICE! All Communications Intended for this Paver must bo accompanied by the full name of the 'iwTfer—«•! necessarily for publication, but ao m guarantee of good faith. We are In no way responsible for the views or opinions of correspond^ onto. City of S»nd*r«TlUe. Mayor. j, N. Gilmore, Aldermen. W. R Tiiiopbw, B. E. Rouohtob, J. B. Roberts, A. M. Mayo. 8. G. Lano. Clerk. 0. 0. Bhowk. Treasurer j. A. iRwnr. Marshal. J. B. Weddom. A. C. WRIGHT, attorney at law, 105 Bay St., Savannah, Ga. HTWIIA I’lUOTICE IN ALL THB OOURTB. TsTlSnIadT" ATTORNEY AT LAW, SANDERSVILLE, Ga. BUDGET OF FUN, HUMOROUS SKETCHES FROM VARIOUS SOURCES. An Unearned Repntat.lon-The Last Story Told—A Remarkable Youth —Why the Youth Blushcd- Dlvlding tho Estate, Eta U. D. Kvak*. A EVANS & EVANS, ATT0RNEY8 AT LAW SANDERVILLE, GA. F. H. SAFFOLD, attorney at law, SANDERSVILLE, GA. Will pruotice in all tho Courts of th* Middle Circuit and In the countlci lurronuding Washington. Speolal at* tention given to commercial law. I'catliorly was blowing his tea to cool It oil whilo Bobby regarded him with in tense interest. ‘‘What’s the matter, Robert!” said the old man. “Don’t yon know that it is very impolite to stare at a person iu that way?" “lluh?” responded Bobby. “You soid he was tho biggest blower in town. He can’t blow any liarder’u I can.”—New fork Sun. Tho IjRst Story Told, A party of gentlemen at a Birmingham hotel wero telling storios, ouo night re cently, of famous shots nnd how many quails, partridges, ducks and other birds had been killed at a singlo discharge. After listening to wlmt suoinca a willful exaggeration by dilforont narrators, a stranger who was present volunteered his oxpotlenco of his only use of tho fatal doublo barrolcd gun as follows: “I wont into tho field one day to try gunning. Tho only game discovered was on immense flock of ulackbirds. I should eay thoro were 10,001) in tho flock.Slowly 1 crawled up to tliem,and when not more than four rods away tho birds rose in a solid mass. I tired both barrels, nnd. how many do you think I killed?" Different guesses wero inndo by tho party, ranging from twenty to n hun dred. “Not one,” Buid the stranger, “but I went out with by brother to look for re sults and wo picked up four bushels of legs. I had Knot a little under.” This was tho last story told.—New Haven Nfwi. “Look in thero behind that wall,’ said ho. I did, nnd thero was a boy, about twolve years old, barefooted, with a tuft of hair stickiug out through a liolo in his hat, pegging stones into a pcsr tree nnd knocking down pea s. Tho police man worked nis way in through the trees nnd jumped on tho bay bofero he saw cither ono of us. “Aha!” said the policeman; “I’ve caught youatitl” “Caught me at wlint!" said tho boy. “Stealing pears.” “Ste—stcnl—htealin’ pears!” said the boy, in great astmr shment. “1 hnint been sLaliu' no pears!” “Ilaint, eh? Then what are you doing with these here in your pockets?” The boy’s trousers pockets wero stuffed out on both sides with pears. “Oh, those,” said ho; “why, I found 'em layin’ 'round here on the ground, nnd I wns tirin’ 'em back on the tree where they belong!”—So ton Record. Seal Hunting. Seal hunting on tho ico is nnotlior standing source of nmusement. says a Hudson Buy letter to tho Toronto Mail. Duringthe entire winter tlicso animals keep holes open through the shoro ice, but on account of tho depth of tho snow they aro not seen until the mild weather exposes tho'r hiding places. Tho Eskimo, however, lias n way of Hading them out before this. Ho harnesses a dog, that has been trained for tho work, nnd leads him out to tho snow eovoicd liold.whcro the two walk bjek and forward, mak ing a zigzag course over tho ico. Prob ably before long tho dog catches the scent, aud then takes Iris master straight to the seal’s Jiou-o. Under tho hard THE fRESIDENT'S MESSAGE F. A Himes. O. U. Rooms. HINES & ROGERS, Attorneys at Law, SANDER8VILLE, QA. Will fraction In die counties of Washington, leffcrson, Joliniton, Emanuel and Wilkinson, uni in tlm U. 8. Courts for tho Southern Die- tiidof Ooorgis. Will art ivs agents In buying, selling or rout ing lleil Edato. Offiro on West side of Public Square. Oclll-lf G.W. H. WHITAKER, DENTIST, SANDERSVILLE, GEORGIA. —TERMS CASH. H" OUtco at bis resivlonoo, on Harris street, Apr20-'80 H. $, HOUIFIELD, ‘J SANDERSVILLE, GA. Oflioo next iloor to Mrs. Bayne's Millinery tore, on Harm street. A Reniarkablo Youth. “Have you nnv offspring?” inquired tho sovero, long-haired pussenger of a stranger by his side. “Oh! yes, sir,” wns tho polite reply,“a ion." “Ah! indeed. Does ho uso tobac co?” "Never touches it in nny form." "I’m glad to hear that. Tobacco is monstrously sinful. Docs he indulge in spirituous liquors," “Nevor tasted n drop in his life.” “Excellent. Btny out at night;” “No, sir. Never thinks uf going out after supper." “I’m very pleased to know this, sir. You son is a remarablo young man.” “Oh! he’s not a young man. Hols a two-months’ old baby."—DiHtirnoretin. To the Congress of the United States: In discharge of n Constitutional duty, olid following a well-established precedent in tho executive office, I herewith trnusmit t> the Congress atits rensomblingco.tiiiii Intonnn Lion concerning the state «f the Union, to gather with such re oimneifaatlous for logL lativo consideration ns appear necessary nnd expedient Our government has consistently main tained its eolations of friendship toward nil other powers, nod of neighborly interest to ward tlioso whoso possessions aro contiguous to our own. Few questions havo arisen dur ing the past yonr with other governments, and none of those are beyond tho reach of settlement in friendly' counsel. Wo aro ns yet without provision for the Rettlomeut of elnltiis of citizens of the United States against Chill for injuries during tho late war with Peru nnd Bolivia. ’1 'hemixed commissions,organized under claims conven tions, concluded by the Chilian government xvlth certain European States,have developed an amount of friction which wotrustvn i bj avoido 1 iu tho convention which our ropro- sontntive nt Santiago is nuthori oil to no- gol into. Tho cruel treatment of inoffouslvo Chiuoso 1ms, I regret to say, been repeat 'd in some of tho far We-tern States and Territories, un i nets of violence ngn'nst those people, beyond tho power of the local constitute! authorities to provent, and difflrult to punish, aro re ported ovou In distant Alaska. Much of tills vlolonce can ho traced to race prejudteo ami competition of labor, w hich cuunot, howovor, justify the opprosshm of strangers whoso safety is guaranteed by our treaty with China equally with tho most favoreil nations. In oponiug our vast domain to alien elo- monts, tho purpose of our law-givors wns to | Invito assimilation, nnd not to provide on nroun for ondless antagonisms. Tho para- ; mount duty of mulntainin: public order nnd j defending tho interests of our own pooplo | may require the adoption of measures pf re- [ strfctlon, hut they should not tolernto tho oppresdon of individuals of n special race. 1 thick crust of the snow there is quite a am not without assurance that the govern- lsrge room, which nt tho time of discov ery may or may not be occupied, but if occupied, will very toon bo vaennt on the arrival of tho hunters. In cither case, the Eskimo ascertains by m-ans of hits spear the exact position of the liolo, nnd tlieu, placing a little pinnacle of snow over it awaits the arrival of his vic tim. The native becomes nwuro of tho seal’s return by hearing a peculiar blow ing noise, arid as soon ns this commences ho thrusts hisspear down ’ crticully through the snow into tils hole and secures his prey. Sometimes when tho snow is very deep tho dogs are not nb’o to find I lie holes, ami then it is that the poor Eski mo has his hnrd times. In tho spring, snow disappearing from the ice, tho seals aro exposed to view. Then tlio hunter takes another way of getting at than. First of all ho notices the direction of tho wind,nnd then keep ing bis onemy in it walks to within four or live hundred yards of him. From there ho begins to croucli down and to ndvunco only when the seal is not look ing. The wary animal is in the lmhit of throwing up his head quickly cv.ry few seconds anti looking about, umbo, when has revived as onebtroaty wns terminated! mont of China,whoso frlondly disposition to ward us I ntn most hnppy to rocugnizo, will moot us half way In devising a comprehan- •Ivo remedy, by which nn olfecMve limita tion of Chinese emigration, joined to protec tion of those Chinese subjects who remain in this country, may bo secured. TDK CANADIAN FISHERIES. The recommendations contained In Ally last annual message In relation to a mode of set- tlcmont of tlio ilaliery rights iu tho waters of British Norlli America—so long u subject of anxious difference between tlio Unite 1 States and Great Britain—wai met by nn adverse vote of tlio Senate on April 18 last, and thereupon negotiations wero instituted to obtain an agreement witli lior Britannic majo-ty’s government for tlio promulgation of sucli joint interpretation ami dolluition of tho nrticloof tic convention of ISIS, relating to tho territorial waters and inshore fisheries of tho British provinces, as should secure the ('nnailian rights from encroachment by United Stutos fisherman, and, at the sau o tlmo, insure tho enjoyment by tho latter of tho privileges guarantood to them by such convention. The questions involved aro of long stand ing, of grave consoqucuce, and from timo to tlmo for nearly three quarters of a century tiavo given rise to earnest international dis cussions not unaccompanied l>y irritation. Temporary arrangements by treaties have served to allay friction—which, however, JiUY YOUIl -FROM- JERITIO-AN, (None genuine without our trade mark.) O.V HAND AND FOB, SALE SPECTACLES, NOSE GLASSES, Etc., Etc. Why tlie Youth Blushed. “Charley," said n fond sister, a batch of white powder on your coat Collar. How did it get there? ” “White powder, whore?” “Why, there, nnd hero’s some more on your sleeve." “Oh. yes, I know. I just came from tho harbor shop, nud ho must have done it.” “But here’s a long yellow hair. Do barbers liavo such long liair as that, Charley? ” “Pshaw, no, of course they don't. Probably sotno young lady has beoti get ting her bangs clipped, and sat iu tho same chair I did.” “Well, but,-Charley," continued his tormentor, “there’s tho corner of a hand kerchief sticking out of your pocket and some writing on it. Let mo see, it rays: ‘Ella 8-m— " Oh, git out, you pest, that's only ono that Jim Floyd gavo mo to enrry back to tho ownor.” • ‘There’s a hairpin sticking out of your vest pockot. Churlcy; does that belong to Jim Floyd or the barber? And there’s—’’ But tho enemy had retreated.—Dan ville Breeze. within about two hundred yards,the nil- Tlio last arrangement, under tho treaty nf tivo lies down flat on the ice, it is only” t? 7 ?; was ub^guteil aft>r due notlco by iho ti, e ro’s I now that rod sport commeivcs. So il takes Eskimo, who is able to talk seal perfectly, to be one of his brothers; and indeed there is a groat deal of resemblance between tho species, for tho genus homo is dressed in sealskin, nnd, living largily upon its flesh, is similarly odorous. The United States on June 80, 1H-Cl. but 1 war enabled to obtain for our fishermen for the temaindorof that season enjoyment of the full privileges a -corde t by the terminated treaty. Tho joint high commission by whom the treaty nail been negotiated—although in vested with plenary power t > make a perma nent settlement—wero content with a tom- Slntosnnd Mexico, w hich lias boon so marked within the last few years, is nt once tin oc- casion of congratulation and of friendly so licitude. 1 urgently renew my formor rep resentation i f tlio no d of speedy legisla tion by Congress to enrry into effect tho lie- ciprocity Commercial Convention of January 20, 1883. Our commercial treaty of 1801 with Mexico was terminated, according to Iti provisions, In 18S1, upon notification given by Mexico In pursuance of her atm .unco 1 policy of recast ing all her commercial treaties Mexico has since concluded with several foreign Govern ments new treaties of connn rce nud naviga tion, defining alien rights of tiado, property and residence, treatment of shipping, consu lar privileges and the liko. Our yet une to cuted reciprocity convention of IbSli covers none of there points, the settlement of whiob is so no.oisnry to good relationship. I pro pose to Initiate with Mexico negotiations for a new nnd enlarged treaty of commerce aud navigation. In compliance with n resolution of the Senate, 1 communicated to that body on August 2 Inst,and also to tho House of Repre sentative*, the correspondence In the case of A. K. Cutting, an American citizen then imprisoned in Moxieo.rlinrgod with the com mission of a |iennl offense ill Texas, of svhich a Moxican citizen was tlio objoct. After demand hail boon made for his re lease the charge against him was amended so ns to include n violation of Mexican law within Moxicnii territory. This Joinder of alleged offoni'es, ono within and tlio other exterior to Mexico, induced mo 11 order a spo dal Investigation of the enso -|Mmdiiig which Mr. Cutting was re leased. This incident has, however, disclosed a claim of jurisdiction by Mexico, novol inour lii.tiry, lvhoreby nny offence, committed anywhere by a foreigner, pennl in the place of its com mis-ion, of which a Moxican Is the object, may, if the offender be foaud in Mox- ieo, he tluro tried and punished In conform ity w.th Mexican laws. This jurisdiction wns sustained by the court* of Mexico in the Cutting case, nnd np- pr ived by the oxo -utivo branch of that gov ernment, neon the authority of a Me\I sin statute. Tho appollnto court, tu releasing Mr. Cutting, decide I that tlio abandonment ol die complaint by tlx * Moxl nu citizen ag grieved by the allege*! crime (a libellous pub lication) removed the basis of farther proso- .'Utlon, and ul :o declared justice to have boon -atisilo l by tliu enforcement of n small part □I tlio original sentence. Tho admission of such a pretension would In attended with serious results, Invasive ol (lie jurisdiction of this govorumout, ami highly daugerous to our citizens in foreign lands; therefore I liavo dontod it, and pro tested against its attemp'od exercise, as un warranted by tho principles of law and inter national u-ages, A sovereign lias jurisdiction of offenses which take effect within his territory, al though concocted or commenced outside ol it; hut tlio right is donlnl of nny foreign sov ereign to punish a citizon of the United Stated for uu oll'ouo* consummated on our soil In violation of our law’s, even though the offence bo against a subject or citizen ol such sovereign. Tho Mexican statute In question makes tho claim broadly, nnd tlio principle, if conceded, would oronto a dual responsibil ity ill tlio citizen, ami loud to Inextricable confusion, destructive of that certainty In tho law which is nil essential of liberty. When citizens of the United Htntes volun tarily go into a foreign oouutry they must abide h: Dividing the Estate. “Ah, good-morning, Mr. Skinner," remarked Lawyer Flsoccm, as he met his fellow lawyer on the streot. “I hear . , old Richfield diod last night.” Ill .1 was s “Yes.” responded the other; • I nm the Watches, C ocks «» u “ r ' “ d, T ' 8 -‘IndeedI Well, I’m the attorney for his son. Can’t wo make a little some thing out of this?” Lawyer Skinner stroked Ins chin ro- flC “I think we might," ho said. “I’ll advise Miss Richfield to contest tho will. I’ll tell her that her brother lias no right to half tho estate, nnd that if sho wi 1 only go to Court she might as well ^“Um—yes; and I'll defend it for her brother. But, suppose I am defeated? “Then appeal it.” “And if you’re defeatedf iSfiSiTg. 1 ;.”.. ““Oh'well, we’ll have the estate our selves'then, and we’ll divide it. - Rambler, 1 AND JEWELRY * BBPAWKD BY OUR DEPARTMENT ' ^ with alt the requisite! for doing * u “'"d* or Job ami Book work in First- <-lus Blylo, Promptly and at'lie*-. Bouabte lTlcos. Wedding cards, VISITING cards, . BUSINESS CARDS, POSTERS, BiLL 0U * B8 ' handbills, programmes, STATEMENTS, LETTER, headings, 00DGKK8. PAMPHLETS, ssa sxo no- Tit for Tat. He was nn old worn-out tramp, and *i,« country store and sat So" K0 O». k»..U ona...o»„ "‘-C'£?'>• 6.™ « I J «» he “()h!” he grunted, and went to sleep after tickling , * f^j ien the tramp woke, go* U P- . to tho biggest '’“.Tto.”')'*"*' 1 ‘ to ,lcli ”’' by, that?” 1), imm s,ft gam? came from."-TidjRU ^•‘gdJlItrfcwayout vorsation, part ol wliien is > a first article of which no construction satis* the ordinary way ana part by means ot i factory to both countrios has ever been agreed peculiar gestures, until the Kskinio has j upon. crept to within about thirty yards of his Tho progress of civilisation and growth of oAmufininn The iLiiimftl’s eve I population in the British provinces to which outwitted companion \ \ c ammais eyo { h( » flshorioi in qilC8tioll a *. 0 contiguous, nnd then boing clearly visible, is no sooner | the expansion or commercial intercourse bo* turned from tho hunter than ho presents tween them nnd the United State*, presents hi* rifle utid tires. The so d, if shot to-day a condition of affairs scarcely renlizn through tho head,is killed instantly; but j blent tho dnteof the negotiations of 1S18 , .y . J.],, „ ninan <infit<>ta hiai New and vast intorosts have been brought if hit in any other placo 1 ! into existence; modes of intercourse between enemy by disappearing through tho ice. . ^j 10 reS j H »ctivo countrios have been invented — ■ — ! and multiplied; the methods of conducting Two Kinds of Newspaper Headers. 1 thefishorios havo been wholly changed: nuii ... ., . I all this is no esrerily entitled to caudkl anil Dill you ever 8co any thing moie amus- c . aro ( u i consideration iu tlio adjustment of lug tiiau the absorption of ihc woman tlio terms and conditions of intercourse nnd over the marriages ? An earthquake commerce between tho United (States and wouldn't disturb Tier. She invests every ; their neighbors along a frontier of more tiiau couplo with tho romance of her own • 1 Tills propinquity, community of language courtship, and goes off into spccul ition aut | osculation, and siinilarity of political on tho groom’s prospects and tile style of ttu j so ial institutions, indicate tlio practica- the bride’s weddin" outfit. As for tho bllity and obvious wisdom of innintaiuiug the brae sweaa u o uuii ^ mutually benetl ial and friendly relations, etiquette oolumn, that always maKesHor W liilst I nm iinfeignodly desirous that chatter. “Hero,” sho says, is tlio most BUC U relations should oxErt hotwoen us nml absurd young woman who writes to the : the inhabitants ot Canada, yet the action of editor to know whether she ought to go i their ollkinls during tho past season toward to the theater with her young man with- I our fishermen has been such as to seriously to me uieui “L i, c. rs f threaten their eontinunnee. out a chaperone. I rtmember tlio first | Although disappointed in my offort* to re time ilenr Henry took rue to a I neuter, ! cm o a i atisfnetory settlement of the llshory and bo on. ques ion, negotiations are still pending, with After she has waded through this col- reasonable hopo that .lx-foro the close of the umn sho throws tlic paper aside, nnd that night when her husband coihos home sho tells how much she was inter ested in the newspaper. “Yes,” lie keys, ‘ the papers are mighty readable now. That was an awful catastrophe, wasn’t it ?” His wife looks up at him and snys: “What was that, dear?” “Why, tho earthquake.’’ Well, thero, that stupid old paper didn’t have a word about it. ’ Tho husband goes and gets the paper and shows her a six-column article on the first page. She had not seen it, of courso.—Brooklyn hagl \ Oui’ Sellout Population. According to the report of tlio Com missioner of Education for 1882-J, tho school population of the Status and ffer- ritories amounts to 10,504,002; the.num ber of pupils enrolled, 10,804,478; mid the average daily attendance, 0,341,0(18; and for 1883-84, 10,794,402 school pop ulation, 10.738,192 pupils enrolled, nnd 0,098,928 daily attendance—or an in crease in school population of 289,710; of enrolled*’-pupils, 3? !,719; : nd of daily attendance, 349,205. Commissioner I n- ton’s report is dated June «0, and if we suppose n similar increase has taken place during tho period between that date nnd August, 1980, there is now a school population of 17,373,822; of en rolled pupils, 11,485,680; niid -Of ‘aver age attendance, 7,3fl2,558.—School Jour nal. Equal 1o the Occasion. At a house in Ohio where a minister wa* boarding the servant girl was anx ious to anticipate everythiug in her work that auy ono wished her lo do, She had always- “just done it,’ ,or was ’^ust do ing it.” when any order was given. This amused the young divine greatly, and on one occasion lie thought to nofiplus tho girl by a ruse. “I don't think hliza has washed my Bible since I have been here,” he said to the mistress in a low tone, but designed to be overheard by the girl. A few minutes later the mistress said to her in the presence of the clergyman: “JMi'n; have you washed, vjr. Blank’s Bibloi” “No, Ma’am, but iS’o got it in a soaV."'—Harper's Bazaar, present session of Congress uiinouucomuut may be made that an acceptable conclusion has beon reached. As at an early day tlioro may bo laid be fore Congrois tliu correspondence of tho Do- nartmont of State iu rolntion t r this Impor tant subject, so tliat tlio hlstorv of tho last fishing season may be fully dlsclo ed and the action nud tho attitude of the administration clonrly comprehended, a more extended re ference is not deemed necessary in this com munication. Tlio recommendation, submitted la t year, that provision he made for a preliminary re connoissaueo of the convoationol boundary lino between Alaska aud British Columbia Is renewed. I oxpress my unhesitating conviction that tlio intimacy of our relations with Hawaii : should he emphasized. As a result of tlio re ciprocity treaty of 1875, those islands, on the highway of oriental nnd Australnsiou traffic, aro virtually an outpost of American com merce aud a stepping stono to tho growing trado of tho Pacific. The Polynesian Island groups havo been so nbsorbod by other aud more nowerful governments, that tho Hawai ian Islands are loft almost alone in tho on joy- moul of t hoir automony, which it is iinportnnt for us should bo preserved. Our tr. ntv Is now terminable oil ono year’s notice, but proposi tions to abrogate it would be, iu my judg ment, most ill advised. The paramount in- fluenco wo have tlioro acquired, onco relin quished, could only witli difileulty bo re gained, and a valuable ground of vantago for ourselves might bo converted into n stronghold for our commercial coiiqwititors. I earnestly recommend that the existing treaty stipu’atious he extended for a further term of seven years. A recently signo 1 treaty to this end is now before thogonato. The weakness of Liberia and the difileulty of maintaining effective sovereignty over its outlying districts havo exposed that republic to encroachment. It cuunot ho forgotten that this distant community is an offshoot, of our own system, owing its origin to the asso ciated benovoloiii o of American citizen *, whose praiseworthy efforts to create a nucle us or .civilization iu the dark continent havo commanded respect and sympathy everywhere, especially in this country. Although a formal protectorate over Liberia is contrary to our traditional policy, the moral right and duty of tho United State* to assist iu nil proper, ways iu the maintenance of its integrity is obvious,'nnd has been con sistently announced during nearly half a cen tury. 1 recommend that, in the reorgani a- tion of our navy, n small vessel, no longer fouud adequate to our nee Is, bo presented to Liberia, to bo employed by it in tho protec tion of it* coastwise revenues. ru n llKLATJONB WITH MEXICO. The encouraging development of beuolleial and intimate relations botwoeu tho Unit™I iy the laws thero In force, au*l will not be protected by their own government from tlio conso pteucos of nn offoneo against tlioso laws committed In such foreign coun try ; but watchful care and interest of this government over its citizens aro not refill- ■pushed because tlioy have gono abroad; and if charged with criinocommittol In tho for eign land a fair nnd open tr'al. conducted with docent regard for justice ami humanity, will ho demanded for them. With less than that this government wilt not bo content u hen tho lifo or Hborty of its citizens is at stnko. Whatever the dogroo to which oxtrn-terri- torial criminal jurisdiction may liavo beon formerly allowed by consent and reciprocal agreement uinong lortnluof tlio European Suite:*, no such doctrine or practice was ovor known to tho Inws of this country or of that from which our institution* hnvo mainly boon dorlved. In tlio cose of Mexico thoro aro reasons aspecially strong for perfect harmony iu tlio mutual oxerciso of jurisdiction. Nature hns made u* irrevocably uo’glibors, and wisdom and kind fouling sh ,uld makes u* friends. The overflow of capital nnd enterprise from tho Uuitod Stntos is a potent factor in assist- In; tho development of tlio resources of Mexico, nnd ill building up tho prosperity ot both countries. To assist tills good work all grounds of np prehension for tho socurjty.of person nuo R rty should lie removed: and I trust that o intorosts of good neighborhood the statute referred to will be so modified as tc eliminate tho prosont possihilites of dangoi to tlio ponce of tho two countrios. NATUnilAI.IZATlON AND EXTRADITION. I ronow the recommendation of my ln*l annual message, that existing logislalion con corning citizenship uml naturalization he re vised. We have treatios with many States providing for tlio renunciation of citizenship by naturalized aliens, blit no statute is fouud to give effoet to such engagements, nor any which provides n needed central burouu for the registration of naturalized citizens. Experience suggests that our statutes regu lating extradition might bo advantageously amended by a provision for the transit ncross our territory, now a convenient thoroughfare of travol from ono foreign country to another, of fugitives surrendered by a foreign government to a third state. tJuch provisions are not unusual in tho legis Intion of other countries, and tend to pre vent the miscarriage of justice. It Is also desirable, inordor to remove present uncer tainties, that authority should bo conferred on tho Secretary of State to issue a cortifi- ento In case of an arrpst for the purpose of extradition, to tho officer before whom the proceeding is pending, sliowiug that a requl sition for the surrenderor the person charger ha* boan duly made. Such a certificate, if ro piired to ho recoivod before tho prisoner s examination, would prevent a long anil ex- I onsivo judicial inquiry into a charge which the foreign government might not desire to press. 1 also recommend that express pro- visiot* be made for the immediate dis Largo from custody uf persons committed for ex tradition where the President is of opinion that surrender should not bo inado. THE CONSULAR SERVICE. Pursuant to a provision of the diplomatic amt consular appropriation act, approved July 1, 1689, tho estimates submitted by tho (Secretary ot (State for tho maintenance of tho consular service have been recast, on tlio bads of salaries for all officers to whom such allowance is doomed advisable. Advantage lias been taken of this to redistribute tho sal aries uf tho ollicors now appropriated for, li accordance with tho work porformed, iho importance of tho representative du ties of the incumbent aud tho cost of living at each post. Tho last consideration lias been too often lost sight of in tlio allow ances heretofore made. The compensation which may suffice for tho decent mainten ance of a worthy and capable officer In a posi tion of onerous an I representative trilst at a post roadilv acees iblo, and where tho nocossa- ries of lifo are abundant and cheap, may provo an iundequnto pittance In dis tant lauds, where tho better part of a year’s pay i* eoasnmed in reaching the post of duty, anil where tlio comforts of ordinary civilized existence can only In obtained with difl! ulty nud at exorbitant cost. I trust that, i a considering tho submit ted schedules, no mistaken thoory of economy will porpetuato a system which iu the.past lias virtually closed to deserving talent many offices where enpac iy and attainments of a high order are indispensable, aud in not a few instances has brought discredit on our nnt'onal character and entailed embarrass ment aud even su'fering on tlioso deputed to uphold our dignity and interests abroad. THE TREASURY REPORT. Tho report of the So ’l'etary of tlio Treasury exhibits in detail the condition of the public fiuan oi and of the several branches of the government related to hi* department. 1 ospe lally direct tho attention of tho Congress to tho recommendations contained in this und the Jnst preceding report of tho becre- tnry, touching the simplification nnd amend ment of tlio laws relating to the collection of our revenues; and In tho interest of economy and justico to tho government I hope they may bo adopted by appropriate legislation. Tlio ordinary receipts of tho government for the flsoal yonr ended Juno 3i», 1880, were $330,439,727.00. Of this amount $192,905,- 023.41 xx-ns received fro n < ustoms nml $110,- 805,030.48.from Internal revenue. The total receipts, at hero stated, were $13,749,020.08 greater than for the previous year, hut the nercasu from custom* was $11,431,084.10 and from iutornnl roronuo $4,407,21.04, making a gain In those items for the lAst yoar of $15,- 811.2.10.01—a falling off In other resourep* reducing tho total increase to tho smaller amount montloned. The expense at the different custom houso* of voile ting this lncroasji customs revenue was lass thnn thoexponso attending tho col lection of such le.emu for tho preceding year by $40.1,099, nnd the la reuse 1 receipts of Internal revenue wero collected at a cost to tlio interuel revenue hurenu of $153,944.00 losi than the oxpeuso of such collection for tho previous year. I ho total ordinary expenses of tho govern ment for the fiscal year cn led June tt), 1-989, wore $21'.’,4-98,139,59,being lea by $17,78\07J than such expenditures for th? year preceding, anil leaving a surplus in the treasury at the close of tho lost fiscal yoar of $93,030,589.50, as against $03,-403,771.21 nt the close ot tho previous year, being nu lucreuso in such sur plus of $ )0,-102,817.2l. For the current year to ond Juno 30, 1887, tho ascertained receipt* up ti October 1, 1990, with sii li rocipts estimated for thoro malndor of the year, amount to $350,000,009. The expenditures ascertained anil estl muted for the same period aro 5*900,0X1,009, indicating an anticipated surplus at the close of thi year of $90,000,000. Tbo-totul value of tho oxports from the United Hint o i to foreign countries durng the llscal year is stated nil I compared xvlth tin preceding yoar ns follows: FOr the year fbr the year end*u JuneSb, erul'j June 183«. 1885. i)omo«tic nicrclifin- (lliii f065,001.539 00 1781,68*,910 0) Poroignmcrcbiiiidiso 18,6oo,him oo lo.oim.Htmoo Uold 4i,95J,191 00 8,477,H9J W) Silver 9J,511,819 00 83,753,06J CO A H!'AUK OF 8UPKIIFLUOD8 KKVRNUE. In my last ntinunl moisage to the Congress attention wns directed to the fact that the revenues of the government oxc >o led Its nc- tnal needs: nnd it wa* suggested tlint legisla tive action bo taken to relievo tin people from tlio umiuce8 ary burden of taxation thus made apparent, In view of the pressing Importance of the subject I deem it my duty to agnln urge Its onsiilorntion. Tho Income of the government, by Its in- evensal volume nud thorough economies in its coll ctluu, is now more than over in oxcoss of public necessities. Tlio npnllcatiuu of tho surplus to tliu payment nf sucti |>ortio!i of tlio julillc debt ns is now at our option suhjoct :o extinguishment, if contiuue.l at tlio rate which ha* lately prevailed, would retire that clais of indebtedness within lisss Ilian ouo year from UiIh date. Thus a continuation of our presold revenue system would soon result In tlio re- leipt of uu aimuni income much greater than no 'ossnry to meetgovormnoutexpenses, with no indebtednoss upon which it could be applied. We should tliou bo confronted with a vast quantity of ineney the circulating mo- limn of tho pooplo, honrdod in the Treasury when It should be in their hands, or wu should ho drawn into wasteful public extra v ngauco with all the corrupting national de moralization which follow* In its train. But it Is net the slmplo existence of this surplus, and it* tlireateno l attendant evils xvbtch furnish l lie strongest argument again-1 our prosout scalo of Federal taxnliou. Its worst phase Is tho exaction of such u surplus through a porversion of tlio relations between (lie people and tlieir government, and a dno- gbi’ou* departure from the rules xvhlcli limit tho right of Federal taxation. Good; government, nmlospeelnlly the gov ernment of which every American citizen boasts, lias for its oh jo Is, tho protection of every person within its enro In tliu greatest liborty consistent with the good order of so ciety, and his pcrfe.l security iu the enjoy ment of his onrnlu;s, xvith the least possible diminution for public uoj.Is. When more of the pojplu’s substance is exacted throiuli the form of taxation than is i o essnry to meet 111? just obligations of tho Government nml the expense of its economical administra tion, such exaction becomes nitliioss extor tion anil a violation of tho fundamental prin ciples of a free; government. The indiroct manner in which these exac tions uro made him u tendency to eon cnl their true character nnd their extent. But xxo have arrived at a stage of superfluous revenue xvhlcli has arouse.] tlio peo|l) to a roalizati mof tho fact, that the amount raised profes-edly for tlio sunportof tho govern ment, is paid liy thorn os absolutely, if add 'd to tlio pries of the tilings which supply their luily ivnnts, a* if it was paid nt fixed period* int > tlio linmi of the tax guthoror. Those who toil for dully wages are begin niug to understand that capital, though sometimes vaunting its Importance mil clamoring for the protection nnd favor of tlio government, is dull aud siuggi -h till, touched By tho magical hind of labor, it spring* into activity, furnishing nil occasion for Fo I- ornl taxation, uml gaining tho value xvhich enables it to bear its burden, nml tho labor lug man is thoughtfully inquiring xxhet' er in th se circumstances, uml considering tho tribute -lie constantly pays into the public treasury as lie supplies his daily xvunts, lie re -elves Ills fair share of nd vantages. There Is also a suspicion abroad, that the urplus of our revenues indicates abnormal and exceptional business profit!, xvhich, un der the system xvhlcli producos sucliwurplus, increase xvithout corresponding benefit to tin pooplo nt large, tho vast accumulations of a foxv umong our citizens whoso fortunes, ri valing tho wealth of the most favored iu antl-domocratic nations, aro not tlio uuturai growth of a steady, plain and industrious re public. Our farmers, too, aud tho*o engaged di rectly and Indirectly in supplying tho pro- ducts of agriculture, roe that day by duy, nml as often as the daily wants of their Inane- holds recur, they are forco.l to pay excessive aud needless taxatxou, xvliile their produces struggle in foreign markots with tho competi tion of nations, whi h, by allowing a freer exchange of productions than wo permit, ouablo their pooplo to sell fur prices xvUicli distress the American farmer. , As every pn rtetl: citiz.ou ro d ol e* iu tu * constantly increasing pride of our people in American citizenship and iu tlio gl ry of our national achievomenbi aud progress, a senti ment prevails thnt the leading strings useful to a nation in it* infancy, may xveff be to a great oxtent discarded in the present stage of American ingenuity, courage nml lenrle*s self-reliance. And for tho privilege oE in dulging this sontlmeut xvith tnio American enthusiasm, our citizen* aro quitexvilling to forego an idle surplus lu thu public Treasury. And all tho people know that tiro average rate of Federal taxation upon imports into-, day, iu timo of peu-'O, but little less, xvlnlo upon some articles of uovessary consumption it is actually more, than wa* Imposed by Iho grievous burden xx ill ugly boruo, at a timo when tho government needed millions to maintain by xvnr tho safety nnd integrity o( the Union. It has been tho policy of tho government to collect tho principal part of its revenues by a tax upon imports, and no change in this policy is desirahlo. But tho prosentcoudition of atTalrs constrains our people t > domniul that by a revision of our revenue laws the re joipts of the government shall be reduced to the necessary ox;>euso of its economical- administration, nud this demand should bo recognized and oboyod by tho people’s rep resentatives in the legislative branch of the government. . . _ . , . In readjusting tho burdens of Federal tax ation, sound public policy requires that such of our citizens as have built up largo and im portant industries under present con lit.ons, should not he suddouly aud to tlieir injury deprived of advantage* to xvhich they have adapted their business; but if tho public good requires it, they should bo content xvith sucli consideration as shall dosl fairly and can tiously xvlth tlioir interest*, while tlio just demand of the poople for relief from need less luxation is honestly ausxveiTd. A reasonable aud timely submission to , such a demand should certainly bo possible without disastrous shock to nny interest; and a careful concession sometime* averts abrupt and hcedles* action, ofton tlio outgrowth of impatience und delayed Justice. THE INTERESTS OF AMERICAN LAROR. Due regard should be also accordod in any proposed readjustment to the Interests of American labor so far ns they ar) involved. Wo congratulate ourselves that thore is among us no laboring class, fixed with un yielding houn.'.s and doomed under allcondl- thins to the iuexornblo fate of daily toll. We recognize In lnbor a olilof factor In the xvealth of tho republic, and we treat those who have it In their keeping as citizens entitled to the most careful regard and thoughtful atten tion. This regnrd aud attention should be awarded them, not only Le.-nuno labor Is the capital of our xvorkingmen, justly entitled to its share of gox eminent favor, but for the further and not less important reason that the laboring man surrounded by his family in his humble homo at a consumer Is vitally interostol in all that iheapens the cast of living nnd enables him to bring xzlthtu his domestic circle additional comforti nnd ad vantages. This relation of the xvorkingmnn to the rovonuo laws or tlm country,-ami thjjjonanner in which it pnlphhly Itiffuenoes thoXnestion of wages, should not la* forgotten In Uio Jus tifiable protninouro givon to th6 .proper maintenance of tlio supply and tho protection of well-paid labor. z\ml thesoconsiderations suggest sucli an arrangement of government roveuuo* ns shnll reduco tho expense of liv ing, while it doe* not curtail tlio opportunity for work nor reduce tho compensation of American labor, and Injuriously nffoet its condition nud the dignified | in o it holds lu the estimation of our people. But our farmer* and agriculturists—those xvho from tho soil pro luce tlio tilings con sumed by all—are porli-ips more directly und plainly concerned tlmu auy otlipr of our citi zens in a just and careful system of Federal taxation. Those U 'timlly engaged in nnd more remotely connected xvlth this kiudof work nuintier nearly one-lialf of our popxila- *; tion. None labor, harder or more continu ously thnn tlioy. No enactments limit their hours of toll, nml no interposition of tho government enhances to uuy great ex tent the value of their products. And yel for ninny ot tlio necessaries and comforts ot lifo, which tho most Hcrupnlous economy ona- bios them to bring into tlieir homes, and for their Implements of husbandry, they aro obllgod to |niy a price largely Increased by an unnatural profit which, by tho nctlou of tie government, jls given to the moreTavored manufacturer. I recommend that, hooping in vloxv all these considerations, tho increasing aud un-. necessary surplus of national Income annual ly accumulating he released to tho people, liy an amondmout to onr rovonuo laws xvhlcli shall choapon tho price of tlio necossarle* ot life and glvo freer entrance to such imported materials ns by American labor may bo man ufactured lute marketable commodities. Nothing can be accomplished, howover, iu the direction of this much-needed reform, un less tho subject is approa -licd In a patriotic spirit of devotion t > thu Interests of the en tire country, and xv.th a wllllngno-s to yield soinothiug for tho public good. THE 1’URLIU DEBT. The sum |>aid upon tho public debt during tho llscnl yoar ended Juno 30, 1880, was $44,- 681,043.30. During the twelve months ending October 81, 1880, throe per cent, bonds wore called for redemption amounting to $127,288,100, of which $.90,013,290 xvas so callo l to answer the re lulromonts of the law relatiug to the sink ing fund, and $40.039,'.HID for tlio purpose of roduciug tlm public debt by application of a i art of tho surplus in the Treasury to that •*•■* object. Of the bonds thus called $102,209,450 became subject under such calls to rexlemp- tlon prior to November 1, 1880. The remain der, amounting to $ , . , '>.0I3,050matured under tho calls after that dnto. SILVER COINAGE. During tho fiscal yonr ouding June30,18841, there xvoro coined, under tlio compulsory Htlvor coinage act of 1878, 20,839,005 silver dollars, and tho cost of the silver used in such coinage was $23,448,800.01. There bad lieou coinod up to the close of tho previous fiscal yoar, under the provisions of the law, 203,893,651 silver dolluis, and on the 1st day of bocembor, 1869, tlio total amount of Buch coinage xvas $247,131,319. Tho director of the mint reports nt tho time of tho passage of the laxv of 1878 direct ing this coinage, tho intrinsic valuo of tho dollars thus coined was ninoty-four nnd one- fourth cents each, and tlmt on the 31st day of July. 1886, tho price of silver reached the lowest stn re ever known, so that tho intrin sic or bullion pricu of our Htandanl silver dollar at thut date xvas less than sovoty-two * oats. Tliu price of silver on the HOtli day of November last xvas such ns to make tlioso dollars Intrinsically worth soveuty-efght cents each. _ Theso iltfforoncps iu valuo or the coins rep resent the lluetuatlous lu tlio price of silver, nml they certainly do not indicate that com pulsory coinage by tho goxoraiiieut enhances tlio price of that commodity, or so-uros uni formity In its valuo. Every fair nud legal effort has beon inacio hvt.heT’- -irv I »--i-te * distribute tills currency among the i»pplo. Tho with drawal of United Elates Treasury notei of small denominations mil tho issuing of mail sitx-or certificates have been resorted to in tlio endeavor to accomplish this resu’t, in obedience to tho xvlll and sentiments of the representatives of tho l>ooplo in tho Congress. On tho 27th duy of November, 1396, tho people held of tho o coins, or certilFates- representing them, tile nominal sum of 3166,8.3,941, nml we still had $73,461,316 in tho Treasury-as * so In the hands of remaining in tho ; _ o _, ho directin' of tho mint again urges tho nocosulty of more vault room for tho purpose of storing these silver dollars xvhi-.-U are not needed for circulation by tho poople. SUSPEND THE COINAGE OF SILVER. I havo seen no reason to change the views expressed in my last uunual message ou the subject of tliis compulsory coinage; and I again urge It* suspension on all tho ground* eontttinod in my former recommendation, reinforced by tlio significant increase of our gold exportation during tho last year, a* appears by the comparative statement herexvitli pres.-nted, und for tho further reasons that the more this currency is distributed uinong the poople tho greater becomes our duty to proto t Itfrom disaster; that wo noxv havo abundauce for all our ueocls; nnd that there seems but little pro priety ill building x milts to store such cur rency xvheu tho only pretence for it* coinage is tho necessity of it* use by tho people as n circulating medium. THE XVAR DEPARTMENT. The report of tho Socretary of War gives a detailed n -couut of tho administration of his department, aud contain* sundry recom mendations for tho improvement of tho ser vice which I fully approve. The army consisted ut the date of tho last consolidated return, of 2,193 officers aud 24,- 946 enlisted men. Tho expenses of the department for the last fiscal vear were *30,930,90X38, including $6,291,3013 for public works ami liver and harbor Improveracets. I especially direct the attention of the Congress to the recommendation thnt ollicors ho required to submit to an examination as « preliminary to thoir promotion. I seo nc objection but many advantages in adopting this feature, wli'eli has operated so bone- ficiiilly iu our Navy Department, as xvell Ol in some bran lies of tho army. The subject of tli i coast dofonce* and forti fications has beon fully and carefully treated by the Board of Fortifications, xvliose report xvas submitted at the last session of Congress, but no construction xvork of tho kind recom mended by the Board has been possible dur ing tho last year from the lack of appropria tions for such purpose. The defenceless condition of our seaeoast and lake frontier is perfectly palpable: the examinations made must convince-us all that certain of our cities uamed iu the report of tho Board should lie fortified, and the work on ths most important of those fortifications should boconimoueed at once; the xvork has been thoroughly considered and laid out, tho Secretary of War report.*, but all is delayed in default of Congressional action, - we still nnd $73,-1111,1*0 in in against about 8142,894,655 so fi the | ooplo, and $72,8115,876 re Treasury 0110 year ago. Tho [Continued on Itli page.]