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Fitzgerald Leader. FITZGERALD, GEORGIA. —PUBDUHBD BY— IMffAXPT* db SORT. EDITORIAL NOTES, It is now intimated that while the Sultan gets his namo in large type, the Czar is really the financial hacker of the performance. Mr. Wetter, the United States Con¬ sul at Tamatave, says that any American manufacturer who oan sup¬ ply a cheap hand-power machine able to bull and winnow from one peck to ono bushel of rice per hour can make a fortune in Madagascar. It is an interesting fact, muses tho New Orleans Picaynno, that Senator Vest is the only member of the late Confederate Congress now in the publio service at Washington, nnd more interesting still that he is the father of the first bill passed through the Senate at this session providing for a pension for a Union veteran. San Francisco is greatly agitated over the discovery that a large pro¬ portion of the stuff sold in that city ns current jelly is impure, and that the imitations and adulterants used include some very haimful substances. In other words, the current jelly of San Francisco is not current jelly after all The same condition, however, probably exists in all other cities, suggests the Washington Star. The number of Government clerks and officials under Civil Service regu¬ lations salaries aggregating is now 178,717, $99,589,827. with annual Of this number 87,108 ore in the classified service and 91,609 in the unclassified service. Of the latter 4818 are above classification, being appointed by the President, nnd 8850 below classifica¬ tion, consisting of laborers and work¬ men. Most of the Government clerks and officials are employed in the Post- office Department. The London Times is responsible for the statement that during tho re¬ cent trouble between tho Northwest¬ ern Railway Company and its employes (which resulted in a complete victory for the latter) public opinion so strongly sympathized with the men that “many shareholders even prom¬ ised to hand over their next dividends to the striking fund.” Lord Salisbury, Lord Rosebery, ex-Lord Chancellor larrer Herschell, Lord Ripon and Mr. James Bryce, all of whom are shareholders, favored the cause of the men, who struck because ordered to disobey their unions. The company’s capital is $600,000,000. American apples have invaded Ger¬ many, Austria and England in such great quantities as to alarm the “fruit growers of Europe. If the Americans would be a little more careful in pack¬ ing their apples for export they could easily hold the market of all Europe, for tho American apple is superior in every way to the European fruit. The German Pomological Journal states that in the last winter 6,000,000 double centers of American apples were landed at German ports. The agrarian papers in Germany are showing the alarm they feel by pointing out how badly the American apples are packed, and calling upon German fruit dealers to gaft their apple trees at once. Until the American apples captured the market last winter, Germany used to get her apples largely from the Aus¬ trian Tyrol. Now she eats Baldwins, Greenings and Spitzenbergs from the United States. Several days ago the following unique tribute to the climate and re¬ sources of the South made its appear¬ ance in the Wisconsin Press, one of the lending journals of the Northwest: “The South is richer far in natural re¬ sources than men have yet realized. She has wealth of sun and soil, of fruit aud forest and minernl, and it is only necessary that her tremendous energies shall be concentrated and directed to the development of her natural wealth to astonish the civilized world. Capital will go (with security as a condition precedent) wherever it shall find the richest reward; and that capital is satisfied with the prospect in theSouth is made manifest by the recent re¬ moval of manufacturing plants from their old fields in the North to newer and richer fields in the South. Popula¬ tion and wealth will follow them, aud it is no wild freak of fancy that fore¬ sees the time when the relative strength of the North and South in men and money shall be materially changed; when the furnace fires of Alabama and Georgia shall become the torches of industrial victory and the spindles of South Carolina and Mis¬ sissippi shall hum their song of joy for the Southern resurrection.” WORLD'S LARGEST CASK. BUILT IN CALIFORNIA AND WILL HOLD 97,000 GALLONS. JIolrtH Kuough Liquid to Give 9,000,000 , Persons a Full Glass Each—Its Lumber j Would Build a House—Two Train Loads of Redwood Used to Make It. The largest cask in tho world has recently been completed at St. George Vineyard, located at Maltermoro, Oal. It contains 97,000 gallons, or enough to give 9,000,000 persons eaoh an or¬ dinary wineglassful of its contents. It is built of the very finest California redwood, and in all the vast amount of lumber used in constructing it there is not a single flaw. The object of building so large a cask is to keep on hand at the St. George Vineyard a uniform supply of wine, the contents of the cask being that wine of which most is sold, To build a cask of the size referred to seemed an impossibility at first, but V- P I % V jmm ■y? V % ■> Jh . / £776 A § Ir V 1 t * glSIi mm \ '-sr* ► V ~U O . A CASK THAT HOLDS NINETY-SEVEN THOUSAND GALLONS. after the matter was thoroughly dis¬ cussed the members of the vineyard company made up their minds to try. So the redwood forests of Humboldt County were called upon to supply the necessary lumber. The selection of lumber for the cask was no ordinary task, for not more than one stick in a dozen of those pre¬ sented for examination would do. At last enough lumber of the very first quality was found, and then the work of drying it so that there would be not the slightest danger of shrinkage be¬ gan. It required just tw'o years to complete this task. The lumber ready, tw'o entire trains of cars proved neces¬ sary to coifvey it to the nearest point to the vineyard. This lumber was amply sufficient in quantity to erect such a house as does not exist in Cali¬ fornia. The hoops that bind the cask to¬ gether are of finely tempered steel. In the aggregate they would fill two large freight cars aud their total weight is 40,000 pounds. The cask towers to a height of thirty feet and is twenty-six feet in diameter. If its contents could be placed in unbroken bulk in freight cars it would take thirty of the biggest to hold it. There is only one cask in the world which can be legitimately compared wdth this giant of California, and that is the great tun of Heidelberg, Ger¬ many. The California cask w'as not constructed with the intention of out¬ doing any one, but simply for business reasons. The difference in size of these tw r o tuns can best be understood by considering the fact that the Ger¬ man cask holds 42,000 gallons and the California cask 97,000, showing the former to be less than half the size of the latter. Considering the contents of the cask from the measurement of gallons, the idea of its immensity iB not so fully impressed as when figuring on a basis of lesser quantities. For instance, the cask holds 388,000 quarts, or 776,000 pints, or 3,004,000 gills. An ordinary glass of wine is about a third of a gill, perhaps a little less. This huge cask would hold a sufficient quautity to permit 9,012,000 persons to partake of a glass. Therefore, if every inhabi¬ tant of the greatest five cities of the United States should pass in proces¬ sion before this huge redwood recep¬ tacle each could take a drink there¬ from. Figuring the value of the contents of the cask at the price it would be re¬ tailed by the glass in the States where wine is not made, the total reached is $901,200, so near a million that it can, without great stretching, be called a million dollar cask. Looking at 1 the wine from still another standpoint, quantity being al¬ ways the primal basis, the cask con¬ tains sufficient to fairly flood quite a section of the land about it should it break, and the chances are it would sweep along at first with sufficient force to seriously affect small build¬ ings which might be in its pathway. Certainly it would drown any human being who happened to be in the way of the flood. While the exact number of tons of grapes whose juice is re¬ quired to make enough wine to fill the cask has never been estimated, the proprietors of the vineyard say it would run into hundreds of thousands of pouadk. —New Y#tk Herald.___ COAL MINE RUN BY WOMEN. * IIow the Stalwart Daughters of ft Penn¬ sylvania Miner Help Their Father. An anthracite coal mine that is al¬ most entirely operated by American female labor is the unusual spectacle that Van be seen in the Mahanoy val¬ ley several miles southwest of Sliam- okin, Penn. Tho owner and operator of this mine is Joseph Mans, an indus¬ trious native of Germany, and his four grown daughters and throe younger girls assist him in operating the col¬ liery in a manner that would make many mine owners and slate pickers envious. The Mans coni mine is located on the southern side of the mountain that marks the lower extremity of the Shamokin coal basin, and is rather a primitive operation. The women mine workers who have employment there for several years past are Katy, Mary, Lizzie and Anna Mans, daughters of the mine owner, whose ages are about twenty-two, twenty-one, twenty and eighteen years respectively. They are splendid specimens of womanhood, averaging six feet in height, being- straight as arrows, stronger than the average man and each weighing in the neighborhood of 200 pounds. Despite the fact that they are unused to tight lacing their figures are attractive, and none of them know what it is to be sick. They labor hard six days every week, but seem to be perfectly con¬ tented with their lot, as do also their younger sisters and brothers, who as¬ sist in the colliery. These young women are expert farmers, and in ad¬ dition to knowing how to run a coal mine are perfectly at home performing the household duties that are indis¬ pensable to all well-regulated home3. Katie, the oldest girl, performs the duties usually assigned .to an outside foreman, supervising the running of the breaker in a highly satisfactory manner, and selling the fuel to the hun¬ dreds of farmers from the Mahanoy and Mahaiitongo valleys, who patronize this plant, while Mary has charge of the much maligned mine mule, which hoists the coal from the bowels of the earth by means of an old-fashioned gin. An¬ nie, who has turned out a very fair mechanic, runs the pump that keeps* the mine free from water and the boil¬ ers and engine that supply the steam for operating the‘machinery, while Liz¬ zie is slate-picker boss, and assists her three younger sisters and three little brothers in picking the rook and the slate from among the coal as the fuel passes down the chutes to the storage pockets. These girls do not affect the garb of the new woman, but instead wear serviceable skirt aud petticoats. Stout brogans cover their feet. Each girl knows what is expected of her and goes about the various duties in a busi¬ ness-like manner, while the father is cutting coal in the mine. W r-U u msm ofipw//. & 1 nr w\ % K&JI S l // T % :>! Li I '' / ( ■HH ■. 4 / . > / t vti ^' \ ■i ■1 i > r MfB r r 2 KITTY MANS, THE SIX-FOOT COAL MINER. Thirteen years ago Mr. Mans was employed in the mines around Shamo¬ kin, but, desiring to branch out for himself, he leased this mine, which was barely a hole in the ground at that time. Since then he hgs purchased the mine and tract of coal land outright, and the disappointment he and his wife felt when their first four children proved to be girls instead of boys has been softened by the valuable assist¬ ance the girls have since rendered him. Of the seven later additions to the fam¬ ily four are boys and three are girls, so that Mr. Mans is now looking for¬ ward to having four young miners to assist him in cutting coal from the bowels of the earth before many years pass by. While Mr. Mans and his athletic daughters operate the mine his wife attends to the household duties and tills their farm, which, according to liis story, is a better paying investment than the mine. Since acquiring pos¬ session of the colliery Mr. Mans has made many improvements to the prop¬ erty in the shape of new and deeper openings and the introduction of ma¬ chinery for preparing and hoisting the coal. Mr. Mans says that it is a common thing for women to work in and around the mines in the section of Germany where he was born, and prominent mining officials recall many instances in which women and girls performed similar duties in the coal mines of England and Wales, In the latter country, however, the custom is almost obsolete now. About eight years ago Mrs. Daniel Grassens, a German wo¬ man, donned man’s attire and secured employment in the Gimlet mine, near Shamokin, as an inside loader. She worked on tho same shift as her hus¬ band and succeeded in hiding her sex for several months, As soon as the foreman discovered that she was a wo¬ man she was discharged, although her work had been entirely satisfactory. It is said that Mr. Grassens and his mine-working wife are now prosper¬ ous German farmers in the Mahanoy valley. THE MODEL KITCHEN. Proper Arrangement ami Furnishing of tills Important Part of a House. Very little attention is given to the furnishing of the kitchen, even in the most particular households. If a new' house is being built the careful house¬ wife may ask the architect to provide certain conveniences for the room, but generally the matter is left wholly to his directions, and unless he is a tyro he is not apt to disappoint expectations. Modern improvements in plumbing and in ranges provide the most con¬ venient of permanent fixtures. It is scarcely necessary to warn one against the old style of shut-in plumbing, that left innumerable crevices and crannies to give lodgment to dirt and vermin. The very best results are obtained from the use of iron pipe instead of lead, and if this be used there is much less chance of “sweating,” and the conse¬ quent rotting of the adjacent wood, particularly if the pipes be painted. The woodwork of the kitchen is fully as important as that of any of the rest of the house. Pine is generally chosen, and is as good as any other wood; it should bs oiled and given several coats of hard varnish, or else painted in yel¬ low' or buff. All closets and cupboards should be built from the floor to the ceiling, with¬ out the slightest opening above or be¬ low. The door should cover just as Cl¬ int § ■ r m IN PERSPECTIVE VIEW. much of the front as possible, leaving room only for a narrow jamb and a shallow sill, in order that when they are opened the entire exterior may be exposed to view. Earthenware tubs are cheaper in the long run than wooden ones, although their initial cost is con¬ siderably greater. But if wooden tubs must be used, be sure they are put in most carefully, as under the best of contractors they give more trouble than any other kitchen fillment. Above all things do not stint money in laying the kitchen floor; this must be constantly scrubbed, aud if the wood checks and splinters the task is heart-breaking. The highest grades of Georgia pine should be used, in narrow strips, and it should have fre- quent dressing. It is no economy to lay a cheap floor with the idea of depending upon a covering of oil cloth or similar material. A very common mistake is made in putting in a sink that is too small, and in providing no plac e for the draining of dishes. A sink is never too large, even for the smallest family, and if space will permit it is well to put in one that is a couple of sizes larger than Po«M T 2 J a. C. Kitcheh I io'xi* IhJ^ ir cc DESIGN FOB A KITCHEN. needed. At both ends should be wide draining shelves. An admirable fea¬ ture, if one can afford it, is a panel of tiling adjoining the sink. This should be copped with a strip of wood contain¬ ing hooks, from which may be hung basting spoons, collanders, measures, and so forth. As to furnishing proper, this is a very simple matter, although many people seem to think that it is suf¬ ficient to tramp into the kitchen the dilapidated and broken down furniture from other parts of the house. There should be two plain deal tables, a large one and a small one, the latter just about the height of the range or stove. This will be found extremely con¬ venient in cooking if drawn close to tho range to hold utensils. The chairs should be of the kind that have solid wooden seats, but there should also be at least one comfortable rocking-chair. Anything that is in the nature of an ornament and has no utilitarian use is wholly out of place, and should be ban¬ ished from the kitchen. The design presented has a kitchen arranged in accord with the suggestion contained in article. A description of design; A. Movable table. B. Boiler.- C. Closet. E. Low table. F. Counter shelf. H. Chairs. M. Dresser. N. Towel Rack. P. Pan¬ try. R. Range. S. Sink. T. Hinged table. V. Veranda. FISHES WITH FOUR EYES. Chinese Monstrosities Imported to New York as Curiosities. A certain New York dealer in fancy creatures, pet and singing birds and such like things is just now exhibiting a Chinese four-eyed fish, the like of w'hich, he solemnly declares, w as never ■X tzm: |g| PSjflE— - ~V«A Ha roun-EVED PISH FROM CHINA. seen in America before. Certainly, says the New York Herald, it is a cu¬ rious creature, and, to all appearances, it has the four eyes its owner claims. They are set in pairs high on the sides of the head, one “eye” of each pair looking straight up and the other sideways, each pair being fixed in a sort of fleshy protuberance that gives the finny monster a most extraordinary appearance. The thing was imported from China. It is a species of goldfish and is con¬ fessedly a sort of manufactured freak. The story told by the dealer to account for the extra pair of eyes is sufficiently' marvellous to strain the beliving pow¬ ers of the most credulous. He says the Orientals who breed these fish place them in a tank which is kept in absolute darkness, save that from a lens or a mirror placed above the tank ore single tiny ray of light is shot down into the water. The fish natur¬ ally seeks this ray of light and spends most of his time where it falls verti¬ cally upon his head. In time, the dealer continues, the extra pair of eyes devolop. Now, this is a fish story, indeed, and no reader need believe it unless he wishes to. It is given here simply to explaiu the curious freak which the New York dealer has for sale, aud which he says would be cheap at $100 of any man’s money. “In fact,” he continued, “three New Yorkers have already paid $100 apiece for three other fishes of this same type. ” The Chinese have a curious name for this English fish. The nearest approacli to an translation of this name is “celestial telescope,” the word “tele¬ scope” being used because of the pro¬ tuberant structure of the eyes. Besides the double complement of eyes, tho celestial telescope has a num¬ ber of other cuyious characteristics. Its body is short and chunked and its tail is very long, perhaps twice qr thrice B3 long as the body; more than that, it it so divided as to seem to be four tails instead of one. But, nothwithstanding this surplus of apparent propelling power, the celestial telescope is an exceedingly slow and awkward fish in getting about, and seems to be even more stupid than most other fish. For instance, it will not feed at all as other fish do; its food must be placed in the water on the end of a little straw or stick, in such a way that it can see it plainly, and then the food' must be held iu position a long¬ time before it can be induced to eat. Test of a Rifle's Power. The power of the Lebel rifle was ex- hibited at Berny, in France, recently, where a soldier was called on to shoot an escaping bull. The bullet from the rifle penetrated the animal’s skull and left the body near the tail, The Senate of the Connecticut Legis- lature rejected a proposed bill to grant divorce for incurable insanity. IF I CAN LAUGH. I bear the clink of the yellow ({old That Dears the crest of n nation’s coin; I see the jewelled treasures old, That even monnrchs would purloin; But yot I would not join the throng Who bend the knee to the molten calf, X will pass all by without one sigh, If I can laugh, can only laugh. The world’s proud fair; yot what care I -For tints that change like a summer’s cloud? jj A picture rare to bring the sigh, jM Then draped at last with pall and Thoone A target who Is for reigns envy’s In Beauty's shaft; oous^B I will If pass laugh all by with childhood never a sfgjfl I can as my And what is worth, the fame of B Though earned by sword or i:ol The tint of blood is royal birth; The song of praise in glory's mB The glide I crown on the feverc idHB The pnlsted hand on the sage’s I will pass It by without a sigh It I can laugh an honest laugh. \ * Then time the march of life with aong^H The ills forget with passing jest. The happy heart can do no wrong, The hours of gladness are tho best. M So bring the wine of royal mirth, That I the nectar rich can quaff; " All olse I will pass as I drain my glass, ' To the soul that can laugh, always laugh. —Rochester Democrat nud Chronicle. ITCH AND POINT. Against tho grain—Bears in wheat— Life. Friendship among women is a plant of which wc don’t know in Augnst whether it will boar bitter or sweet fruit in September. “Men never outgrow their child¬ hood.” "Alas no! Experience be¬ gins spanking us even before our par¬ ents leave off.”—Pack. Real estate is looking up. There is nothing else for it to do when build¬ ings are climbing up on it twenty stories high.—Atlanta Constitution. Two next door neighbors quarrelled, and one of them exclaimed, excitedly : “Uall yourself a man of sense! Why, you’re next door to an idiot!”—Tit- Bits. South American Tourist—“You say the masses of your people are discon¬ tented?” Native—“Alas! Seuor, most of us have never been President.”— Puck. Madge—“Tell us, dear, did he go down on his knees when he propose d?” Polly —“No; in his contusion he North down American. on his hat.”—Phihule^H If “Don’t Mrs. you Sweetly?” think your “Far son from a li^H ■ fast, He is so slow that wo can never him to breakfast before noon.”— troit Free Press. “Mamma, I know why angel Johnj| bal iz made ’th wings.” “Why, “’Cause, ’S they jfc borned in a where off. ”—Cnicago they don’t Record. like it, they kin^H N§H Brown—“Isn’t there a blue room the White House?” Smith—“I so. I bolieve it’s the room in the President expresses hiR opinion of the office-seekers.”—Puck. “Did you hear of the great sacrifice in the way of self denial Ethel and Bessie Teeters are making?” Ricketts. “No; what is it?” Gaskett. “Each is riding the otherH wheel.” “Haw! Haw! I see that old Go rox has been swindled out of two hui dred dollars by a confidence man.’i “Anything funny about that?” “Why, yes! Gotrox is an old friend of mine.” —Puck. Country Cousin —“Do yon keep anything in the house iu case burglars should pay you a visit at night?” City Cousin—“l'ou bet I do! My wife’s maiden aunt lives with us.’’—Norris¬ town Herald. Impecunious—“I killed. How would much like to will havo it a nerve cost?” Dentist—“Seventy-five cents.” Impecunious—“Seventy-five cents? Can’t you make it less? I havo such weak nerves!” Funeral Invitations in 1S29. In the early days of the present century lunetal services were held iu this city after a fashion that seems ex¬ ceedingly odd in the light of modern customs, says the Pittsburg Chronicle- Telegraph. A Bucks County man re¬ cently found in an old Bible, published in 1776, the following curious invita¬ tion : You and family are respectfully invited to attend ttie funeral of ............, trom tho residence of Edward Abbott, No. 196 North 5 Front street, to-morrow afternoon at o'clock. Philadelphia, July 4,1829. The invitation is printed in heavy¬ faced type npon rough white paper. It was evidently the custom to send these notices to all friends of the be¬ reaved family. The hour set, 5 o’clock, would appear cnusually late, and yet it was a common thing in those days to hold funeral services at night. Beetle, as Undertaker. There is a species of beetle in Aus¬ tralia which acts the roll of energetic undertakers that carefully bury car¬ casses left on the soil. As soon as they smell a field mouse, u mole or a fish in a state of decomposition, they come by troops to bury it, getting under the body, hollowing out tho ground with their legs and projecting the rubbish they dig out in all direc¬ tions. Little by little the carcass sinks, at the end of twenty-four hours the hole is several inches deep. They then mount it, cast the earth down into the grave so as to fill it and hide the body from sight. The females will then lay their eggs in the torhb, where the larvae will alterward finci an abundance of food. — Manchester Guardian.