Newspaper Page Text
THE FASHODA AFFAIR.
Events Loading Up to the Crisis Between Great
Britain and France.
.-^JNVOLVED in the
r» Fashodaincident,
I which brought
1 Great Britain and
[ I France to the
I very verge of war,
J| || is which a is question purely
—- Is territorial. Tbe
J. l ■! ly HI history story of leading Sudanese up
n, ir to the culmination is
at Fashoda a
1 o n g one, but
much of it is
necessary to a
clear understanding of the situation at
present. the Egyptian Sudan, south of
In
Khartum and north of Equatoria, lies
the Bahr-el-Ghazal, which isjthe terri¬
tory in dispute, This land was form-
erly a province of Egypt, In area it
is about five times the size of Eng¬
land. It is covered with forests valleys and
^mountains, and possesses fine
are subject to inundations. The
''great river, or Bahr-el-Ghazal, flows
through it, with numerous tribu¬
taries, which form a labyrinth of
streams. north of
Fashoda is situated to the
this labyrinth, on the Nile proper, aud
commands access to 'all the streams
that feed the Ghazal. It is the capi¬
tal of the Shillik country, and was an¬
nexed *to Egypt half a century ago.
Sir Samuel Baker, in 1869, conquered
the country as far south as Uganda,
aud General (“Chinese”) Gordon &p-
p3^!ip|§
.-j, ’V'
i S*
V
&
73 % m G-
i 1| Q- m
MAJOR J. B. SI ASCII AND.
pointed a governor of the Bahr-ei-
GhazaL •
When the Egyptians were expelled
from the country the French were
given a rou^B across the African con¬
tinent connecting their Congo colony
itt the wpst with the French posses¬
sions in thh, east. The idea of taking
this part of the Sudan grew with the
French Governipent steadily, and took
form and substance when in 1894 it
negotiated a treaty with Germany con¬
cerning the Camefoons and Lake
Tchad. Britain’s treaty with the
Congo Free State, negotiated by Lord
Kimberley a few years ago, was abro¬
gated, and the French were given a
free hand in the Bahr-el-Ghazfil. In
1894 the French Chamber voted'$400,-
000 for “the formation of a column to
P"
CANARY ISLcLy \\ X X’ 5 ! \
0»°a vf-' c o SVSOT TPs Y?
£ r ■ - o'Sxj
Av M A R. A ■ /<? v \.nccca
D E 5 E K T A
TI/IBUCTogj on *TM^f\
I ”?/ ^>3 3 O^J O A z EL OBQOWl oojty^l ;
-A I fji. sji
■ff ■
1 KONGO frfMNGHi/S A TW'ty*
■
V V .1 W Aj^omASA
o < c •^ZANZIBAR,
\
o *7 e*tri
r < // ^
■ P ' 1 f q
■ V
: mr o, \
o o<3 r
V VCOLON'tQ CAPE
GcoD P co°Pr' x> ' \
£Map slvowing how if France had hold Fashoda she would have had a bolt of empire
across Africa from the Benepral lljver to tho Blue Nile, and would have defeated
Great Britain’s “Cape to Cairo” project.]
protect French interests in the Upper
Ubaughi.” An expedition Monteil placed was organ- at its
ized, and Colonel
head. M. Liotard was appointed Gov-
evnment Commissioner in the Upper
Ubaughi province. Captain Marchand
In January, 1896,
proceeded up the Ubanghi to aid
Liotard. He passed through much
danger and hardship and met Liotard
with his forces at Meshraer-Rck,
within easy distance of Fashoda. '
The rest is soon told. From, af-
riving at Fashoda to claiming French
domination was a small step, and it
was taken. Once lodged there, the
country was apparently 1 in the posses-
jjion of the Fieuch.
When the British forces of General
Kitchener arrived they found Mar-
chand and his expedition encamped
there. The cable reported cordial
meetings between the rival forces, but
tbe news, previously sent, of Mar-
chaud’s arrival at Fashoda created in-
tense excitement iuLoifdon and Paris.
Th'e reports received in London were
further to the effect that only the
Egyptian flag was raised by Kitchener,
and that the British union jack did
not figure in the assumption of con-
trol. It was also reported that no in-
dignity was shown the French flag,
which Marelmud kept unfurled during
•• i
I- S-,
T ^ ~ -— —-
aSsKbs-L:-
PASHODA, AS SEES PEOM THE BLUE NILE.
the proceedings, and whose claim of
prior occupation involved the dispute
between the two Governments.
Great Britain stands united in this
matter and the people are warmly
backing up Lord Salisbury’s determ¬
ination to hold Fashoda at all haz¬
ards. The words of Sir Michael
Hieks-Beaeh, uttered in a recent
speech defines the English attitude.
“I hope, trust and believe the
question is capable of a friendly solu¬
tion, but this country has put her foot
down. If, unhappily, another'view
should betaken by France the Queen’s
ministers know what their duty de¬
mands.”
Not less positive’are the words of
Lord Boseberry, who, unlike the con¬
servative Sir Michael, is a former Lib¬
eral Premier. He disposes of the
subject by denying to Mr. Marchand
the right to represent the Government
of Franco, suggesting to France that
the easiest way out of the difficulty is
to repudiate Marchand altogether. In
all events, there was but one opinion
England, and Franco must back
down or make Cor war, and Great
Britain was ready for either result.
The London Saturday Review says:
The facts bn which the Fashoda dis¬
pute is based are very much deeper
than is generally supposed. At first
sight it would appear as if the Freuch
were grasping at a shadow aud disre¬
garding the substance in pertinacious¬
ly laying claim to an apparently bar¬
ren aud unproductive spot while neg¬
lecting the fertile district of Bahr-el-
Ghazal. But this is by no means the
case. Fashoda is a point of incalcul¬
able importance to France, and it is
correspondingly important that we
should frustrate her designs in that
direction.
It is her cherished project to make
a railway from east to west of Africa,
in order to divide the continent and
thus prevent the joining of the two
British spheres (north aud south) by
direct communication. With this ob-
jeet in view she has obtained from
Meuclek concessions to build a railway
right across Abyssinia, the line being
already in construction. It is essential
to tho scheme that this line should be
carried through to Fashoda.
But it is equally essential that we
should retain Fashoda, both for the
prevention of the plan—which would
be a severe blow to British interests—
and. for the establishment of that Cape
to Cairo communication which will
give us supremacy in Africa. The
issues at stake are so vital to both
countries that a conflict between them
is more seriously threatened than most
people are disposed to think,
The Fashoda incident, under these
circumstances, becomes specially in.
teres ting, because it is probably the
final episode in the long struggle be¬
tween England and France for the
trade belonging to tbe great river val¬
leys of the world. Fashoda belongs
historically to tbe great straggle with
France which began under William of
Orange and was erroneously supposed
to end with thebattleof Waterloo. For
one hundred and twenty-six years,
from 1689 to 1815 the British were en¬
gaged in seven great wars. These
wars either began as wars with France
or soon became so. There is, there¬
fore, some reason, apart from the folly
of kings, which forces the English
continually to be in conflict with the
French. These wars were caused by
the instinct of self-preservation—the
strongest instinct of humanity. They
were mercantile wars, and the funda¬
mental reason for each of them was
that the English were afraid that the
French would take from them the col¬
onies they had, and socloso their mar¬
kets; and they also saw a good chance
of enlarging their own markets, first
at the expense of the French, and lat¬
terly by maintains the “open door.”
The historic meeting of Kitchener and
Marchand at Fashoda is possibly the
last occasion on which the French and
English will meet for the division of a
continent. The result will be the same
on the Nile as it was in India when
Clive met Dupleix; in Cauada when
Wolfe met Montcalm; in Australia
when Governor Philip was enabled to
ljiy the foundations of a great Euglish
nation in consequence of the wreck of
the French expedition under La
Perouse; at Trafalgar when Nelson
met yilleneuve^ and gave to the British
eighty years’ start in the race for trade
and empire; and lastly, in Cairo when
Lord Cromer, in the teeth of fifteen
years of almost intolerable provoca¬
tion from successive French residents,
founded an Egyptian empire ,% over
which our flag will float as long as it
floats over the Tower of London.
The meeting of £he Sirdar and Mar-
chaud has dftne erbdit to both. Lord
,. 0 S
f|fP> Piiil
fin 11 IT |ff|i I ! ^
ill wflfl /l J
f i PI
MEETING OF GENERAL KITCHENER AND
MAJOR MARCHAND AT FASHODA.
Kitchener acted wisely and with tact,
while Major Marchand behaved like a
gentleman of France. Nothing would
have been easier than for Kitchener,
"by the tyrannous use of overwhelming
force, to have hurried England into
her twenty-fifth war with France by
wounding the susceptibilities of tho
brave soldier explorer. Kitchener’s
language to Marchand was prescribed
for him by Lord Salisbury. Annoy¬
ance to England was the solo motive
of the Marchand expedition. To send
an armed party of Frenchmen abso¬
lutely without a base to occupy Egyp¬
tian territory and defy the joint power
of England, Egypt and India—for In¬
dian forces could laud at Suakim with¬
in ten days from the date of an order
from Loudon—is. so wild a scheme
that it can end in nothing but futility.
When the Fashoda incident is settled,
the French power of auuoyau.ee in
Egypt will probably be considerably
curtailed before tbe coming winter is
over. The Frenoh, aided by the Bus-
siaus, .who have no interests in Egypt,
block the way by opposing grants be¬
ing allowed for the Egyptian War De¬
partment by the Caisse de la Dette.
In January next the existing interna¬
In EnglislqGo vein meat circles it is
maintained that everything has passed
off at Fashoda exactly as was antici¬
pated, aud that the Freuch flag at
Fashoda meant no more than the dis¬
play of a British union-jack from the
window of an English shop in Paris. !
Close observers will note that Eng¬
land at the present juncture is special¬
ly polite to France, and the letter
would be well advised to remember
Mr. Kipling’s hint—
“But oh! beware of ruy country
when my country grows polite.”
A Girl’s Curious Suicide,
A young Texas girl ate the heads of
212 parlor matches in an attempt to
commit suicide. When she repeated
she swallowed a lpt of combination/was lard and baion
as an antidote. The
fatal in a few minutes.
Few Carriage Roads in the Fyreuces.
There are quite 100 roads of one
kind and another over the Pyrenees
between France and Spain, but only
three of these are passable for car¬
riages.
in. Mills MV
HIS HISTORY OF HISPANO* AMERI¬
CAN WAR DISAPPOINTING.
DOCUMENT CONT/UNS NO CRITICISM
General Beeites Movement of Troops Dur¬
ing Cuban Cainpaign-Makes .Porno
important Recommendations.
A Washington special says: The re¬
port of Major General Miles, com¬
manding the United Stated army, was
made public Thursday by direction of
Secretary Alger. The keynote is
found on the opening sentences, where
it is said: *‘The military operations
during the war have been extraordi¬
nary, unusual and extensive,” a state¬
ment which is fnlly borne out by the
long recital of important events which
General Miles shows have made the
military history of the year 1898 the
most remarkable since th*» end of the
civil war. Ik
In point of interest, the document
divides naturally into four chaptors,
for while brief allusion is made to
such matters as the military expedi¬
tions to Alaska, interest naturally cen¬
ters in the portion which treats of
the war with Spain.
Under this general head the report
deals with the plans of campaign; with
the war preparations; with the San¬
tiago campaign; with General Miles’s
operations in Porto Kico, and lastly
with the important changes in exist¬
ing organizations which are, in Gen-,
eral Miles’s opinion, necessary to
make the army an effective weapon for
the defense of the country. There is
an entire absence of any evidence of
direct criticism, though certain sen¬
tences in the report are italicized in
apparent desire to justify previously
expressed plans of details of the cam¬
paign, and where it deals with events,
the document is largely made up of a
quotation of official dispatches.
Treating of the war General Miles
begins with a statement of the unpre¬
paredness of the country, ’ showing
how the vast equipment left by the
soldiers of the civil war had been dis¬
sipated or had become obsolete, until
the tentage or camp equipment was
insufficient for any military operation.
He recounts the legislation of con¬
gress just prior to the war, looking to
the increase of the army, and cites his
own recommendation, on April 9th,
that 40,000 men be provided for coast
defense and reserve; that the reserve
army be increased and 15,000 immunes
recruited, making a force of 162,597
men, which, with 50,000 native auxil¬
iaries, he.considered sufficient. Such
a force properly equipped he believed
to be better than a large force partly
equipped. In the letter containing
this recommendation, he said:
“I also recommend ihat at least
twenty regiments of infantry, fivekegi-
ments of cayalrv and the light artil-
lery be mobilized and placed carefully in one
large camp where they cau be
and thoroughly inspected, fully equip-
ped, drilled, disciplined and instruct¬
ed^ brigades and divisions and pre¬
pared for war service.”
He further asked “for 50,000 volun¬
teers to make up an army of 150,000
soldiers for offensive operations in
Cuba. ” *
General Miles closes his report with
some earnest recommendations for the
improvement of the military service.
He trusts the experience of the past
few months will be valuable to the
people and the government, The
value of the coast defenses, he says,
has been proven, and the system
should be completed without delay.
He favors the adoption of a standard
of strength for the army to meet the
country’s growth, and says that it
should have one soldier for 1,000 pop¬
ulation, yiehliug a force of 92,655.
While this force is already provided
for, unfortunately the authorizing act
requires the army to bo reduced to its
former inadequate basis ou the termi¬
nation of the war.
General Miles, in conclusion, re¬
commends the authorization of a force
of native troops in Cuba, Porto Kico
and the Philippines to be officered by
United States army officers, and not
exceeding two'soldiers for 1.000 popu¬
lation of tho islands, and all of these
increases he urges should be made at
once, as they are of vital importance.
BABCOCK PREPARES LIST.
Republican Chairman Shows Majority ol
Thirteen In the house.
A Washington special says: Late
Thursday afternoon Chairman Bab¬
cock, of the republican congressional
committee, prepared a list of repre*
sentatives-eleet to the fifty-sixth
congress. His figures show the elec¬
tion of 185 straight republicans, 163
democrats, six populists and one silver
republican. These figures do not in¬
clude two dpubtful districts. Conced¬
ing these two districts to ths.demo-
erats, as a means of reaching definite
results, Mr. Babcock claims a certain
majority of thirteen over all opposition.
TO CAMP AT SAVANNAH.
Troops On Their Way from Porto Rico
Receive New Orders,
With a view to their subsequent
transfer to do fluty in Cuba, the fol¬
lowing named troops, now on their
way from Porto Rico, have been or¬
dered to go into camp at Savannah,
Ga.: Batteries C and F of the Third
artillery, B of the Fourth artillery
and D of the Fifth artiltery; troop B
of the Second cavalry and troop H of
the Sixth cavalry, ,
CONVICT FA KM BOUGHT.
Tract Contains* 3,334 Acres and Colt the
Stale $20,000.
Georgia’s new prison farm will be
near Milledgeville, the prison commis¬
sion having purchased the Newell
tract, as has already been published,
This tract includes land owned
Captain T. F. Newell and Messrs.
Hendricks, Bethuue, McComb and
Roberts.
Judge Turner states that the farm
is a fine body of land, comprising
3,334 acres, lying between the Georgia
and the Central railroads in Baldwin
county. It is susoeptible of as’high a
state of cultivation ns any land in mid¬
dle Georgia.
The tract costs $25,000, of which
Bum the city of Milledgeville has
agreed to give $5,000 so thnt the farm)
will cost the state only $ 20,000 wej fou
purchase money. Some of it is
wooded and watered, It contai
same rolling laud and a great i^fi
acres of bottom laud. It will
excellent crops. » sAH
The legislature appropriated
for the purchase of a farm and
tablishment of the famale, the young
and the. old convicts on it. After
paying for the farm the commission
will have $25,000 with which to pur¬
chase additional land if desired and
to move- the convicts and house them
aud keep them until they become self-
sustaining, if ever.
Large stockades must be built.
Large barns will be needed and also a
mill for grinding grain, making meal
and flour. The state will probably
plant cotton as well as grains and
grasses and vegetables.
An option was secured by the com¬
missioners on a water power adjoining
the Newell farm and also an option on
another farm of 2,000 acres.
The location of the farm is central,
and with two railroads running through
it or close to it, it will be very accessi¬
ble from all parts of the state.
The removal of the convicts will
begin next spring, when the present
lease expires. There are about 2,300
convicts in the penitentiary, all told,
and of these there will be possibly
300 for the farm. Whether the farm
can Le made to do more than pay ex-
penses is to he proved. Some think
it is possible for the state to raise
large quantities of meat and grain as
well as cotton and make the farm more
than self-sustaining.
The first year’s results are not ex¬
pected to be very flattering, as there
will be so much expense in making all
the preliminary preparations, and the
state will have to support the women,
children and decrepid convicts until
the food crops are made.
STRIKERS WIN FIGHT.
Cliicago-Virden Coal Company Agrees to
Fay the State Seale at Once.
The differences between the Chidago-
Virden Coal company at Virden and
Auburn, Ill., and the striking miners,
have been settled, and the shafts will
soon be in operation.
The company agreed to pay the state
scale of 40 cents per ton, but did not
want to tear down the stockade.
Finally, the company that accepted would the
offer of the miners they
take it down and charge the company
nothing for their labor.
Adjutant General Reese, .of Spring-
field, notified Sheriff Davenport Sat¬
urday that the remaining troops
guarding the Chicago-Virdeu Coal
Company’s shafts at Virden should be
removed. Since the difference between
the coal company and the miners have
been settled, troops are no longer
needed.
General pressure is being brought
to bear by influential persons that
nothing shall result from the grand
jury’s investigations.
CIRCULARS ARE ISSUED
Advising Negroes to Commit Crime When
Opportunity Offers.
Postoffice Inspector Bay, of New
Orleans, was in Chattanooga, Tenn., a
few days since, and it was learned
that, growing out of the recent race
troubles in North Carolina, the post-
office authorities had discovered that
an organized scheme had been set on
foot by parties unknown for the pur¬
pose of instigating the negroes of Mis¬
sissippi, Alabama and portions of Geor¬
gia to deeds of violence. Circulars
have been sent out signed by the
“Rosebud Club,” in which negroes
'are urged to criminally assault white
women whenever they have an oppor¬
tunity and to perform other dastardly
crimes.
WILMINGTON IS QUIET.
New City Government In Charge and No
Further Trouble Expected,
The new city government, Wilming¬
ton, N. C., has thoroughly established could
law and order so that a visitor
scarcely realize that only a few days
ago a race war reigned. Gne hundred
new policemen are to be elected at
once.
Negroes who fled t,o the woods dur¬
ing the rioting are returning to town,
many of them in a faipished condition.
The authorities have effectively stamp¬
ed out the lawless crusade for the ex¬
pulsion of citizens who havq beon
prominent in negro leadership.
HOME FROM HONOLULU.
Thirty Sick Soldiers Arrive at San Fran¬
cisco on Board the Australia.
The steamer Australia has arrived at
San Francisco, seven days, from Hono¬
lulu and is in quarantine. Among her
passengers are thirty soldiers afflicted
with malarial fever. The majority of
the sick men are members of the
cavalry who were detailed on garrison
duty in the islands.
The'voyage improved.the condition
of most of the men.
Kcj
The
«tract©/
^
Ac]
Much flnxl
the renewed
there duces univj is :
will do a:
hand thou
<U {festive A
had they
tern. BtomnchJB It
it of, 11
'I'b
she
A 73
ve
7.1
Ldt
dra
•antoed* 10c, 25c, 50c^
J^w^vTiowri SrfSjrTii important electric commercial seal, and whj
as
fiJfiRiso to defy closely detection resembles except the among ceivuine experts! artifl
as
teething, Mrs. Winslow’s softens the Soothing reduces Syrup for inflam chiidrj ml
gum«. botti
tlou,allays pain, cures wind colic. 25c. a
Java is said to have thunder storms, on*
average, ninety-seven days of the year.
atarrh Hed
In the
1st an Inflammation of the mucous mf
tirane lining the nasal passages. It Is can
by a cold or succession of colds, combi
with Impure blood. Catarrh is cured
Hood’s Sarsaparilla, which eradicates f|
the blood ail scrofulous taints, rebuild*
delicate tissues and builds up the systt.1
Is Hood’s America's Greatest Sarsaparifj Medicine. $1; six f<!
Hood’s Pills cure all Inver Ills. 25cei
New Smokeless Powder Problems. 1
Now that smokeless powder h J
come into us?, the United Sttcs soldi* dJ
will have to become trained in the tuil
of it. He will have to train his
in the future as well as his eyes. Ill
will have to determine by the sound dim]
of the enemy’s guns from wlmt
tion the firing is coming and exac™
how far they are away. He can loculi (■
pend no longer on the smoke to
the enemy. al
This will, of course, necessitate J
Increase in our standing army, as
would be difficult for a volunteer wlfhoJ to !■
able to accomplish this 1
months of drilling and training. J
will also require entirely new ruetho
in drilling. The use of smokeless pom
der, moreover, involves many
problems, a fact which was
started in the war with Spain.
Treatment of Mexican Prisoners.
The term of a prisoner in Mexico
divided into three periods. The fir .'I
is occupied with penal labor, the seq
ond is spent in the training schooJ
with small pay, and the third paid is. prj
paratory to freedom, with woj
and many privileges.
AN OPERATION AY0IDE
Mrs. Rosa Gaum Writes to Mr
Pinkham About it. She Say 3 :
Dear Mrs. Pin eh am:— I take plea
ure in writing you a few lines to I
form you of the good your Vegeta*
Compound has done me. I can*
thank you enough for what your meq
cine has done for me; it has, indeei
helped me wonderfully. a-JBL
For years I w.-^trou- X
bled with
ovarian tumor,
eaehyeargrow-
ing worse, un¬
til at last I
was compelled /
to consult with
a physician.
lie said
nothing could
be done for
me but to go under an operation.
In speplcing .with a friend of mine
about it, she recommended Lydia E.
Pinkliam’s Vegetable Compound, say¬
ing she knew it would cure me. I then
sent for your medicine, and after
ing three bottles of it, the tumor
appeared. Oh! you do not know
much good your medicine has d
me. I shall recommend it to all
ing women.—Mrs. Rosa Gaum,
Wall St., Los Angeles, Cal
The great and unvarying, Vegi^B qH
Lydia E. Pinkliam’s
pound in relieving every
of the female organs, duffiB
it to be the modern sufegtHH bodilyWH
mail's happiness and
More than a million women
benefited by it.
Every woman who. invited need^H to^|
about her health is
Mrs. Pinkliam. at Lynn, Masi^B
“After I was Induced to ti
EETS, I will never be without them
My Jiver was in a very bad shape, j
ached and I had stomach trouble. Nj j
luif Cascarets, I feel line. My wife j
them with beneficial results for sSur hj
Jos. Krkbunq, 1021 Congress St.,
CANDY
CATHARTIC
TRADE MARK ffEOI!
Pleasant. Palatable. Pote-nf. - Tel
Good, Never Sicken. Weaken, or Grin
.». CORE COWSTiPATI
Sterling Remedy Company, Chicago; Montreal]
N0-T0-SA0 gfJtsto cAjketo!