Newspaper Page Text
Golden @Gate Metropolis Has
Been Shaken Ofien
' In the Past,
PRESENT WORST EVER KNOWN
Some of the Skyscrapers and Oiher
Buildings Destroyed Maguificeat
City Hall ln Ruins—Fircs Ars
rested by Dynamite—Eartke
quake of 1668 Described
by Mark Twain,
HE recent disastrous earthquake
extending over so large n part
of the Pacific coast region and
wrecking such an extensive
pection of the city of San Francisco
was not the first of these catastrophes
known In the western metropolis,
though by all odds the most dumaging.
For many years the municipal au
thorities refused to permit tail build
ings in the city because of the fear of
earthquakes, several of which had al
ready been experienced. Finally the
interdiction was removed, hewever,
and a nuwber of skyscrapers resulted.
Prior to 1890 there was hardly a
building in excess'of five stories and
only a few of that height. Tolay there
s one eighteen stories high and guite
a number from twelve to fourteen
stories.
In the spring of 1898, about 10 o’clock
one night, the city had a seismic shock
that put to test its high structures. It
was the worst earthguake gince 18GS,
when for eight or nine blocks on the
main street (Market) the ground was
cracked open several inches,
In the upheaval of 1808 the tuil baild
ings were given a fearful shaking, and
some of their occupaunts were wmade
dizzy and sick. The siructures were
uninjured, and ever since that tinie
there has not been sos uch questicn
of the safety of high Luildings of mod
ern construction—that Is, buildings of
structural irou frare and facipgs of
prassed brick, terracotta or stone.
It was M. H. De Young, the proprie
tor and editor of the Chronicie, who
was the pionecr in this pespect. He
met with opposition from the munici
pal authorities fourteen years ace when
he decided to ercet a ten story house
for his newspaper. It was belloved to
be a dangerous undertaking bocause of
the earthquake fear, but Mr. De Young
woa out and thereby set an ezample of
enterprise to other wealthy men who
bave since built more tall buildings:
For instanece, In Q. Mills, the New
York banker, wlo gwns g great doal
of San Francisco property, hes one of
the tallest and finest structurps 1o the
elty.
Claus Spreckels. Lknown throughout
the country as the sugar king and the
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GITY }inl_L, I;}&tl‘l-x{“'? Wil W eR I B R
plehest fan Pmaelscsd, owns 8 bulid-
B:g geveniecn stories high, commonly
Lhdwn ps the Call building. On thres
of the éorner sites, where Third strect
mtérssets Market, is located {he great
Shbsckels building, the home of the
(8N the De Younz building, the home
of the Chronicle, and the Hearst build-
Ing, occupied by the Examiner, the
three great Pacific coast newspapers
having contributed handsomely to the
Pailding development of San Francisce
n recent years, The city'now has its
fiare of tall bufldings, one heing cizht
n storips o height. The major past
Yhom nre efeht, ten emg tweive gto
ries, the eight storfed being most nu
merous.
The Call and Examiner buildings
were almost totally destroyed in the
earthquake ald meoy oiher sky=crup
ers were severely shalen, cracked and
damaged.
One of the chief buildings which eol:
lapsed was the new postofiice. This
was a substantial structure of granite,
costing to exceed $5,000.000. While
not striking from an architectural
standpoint, the postotfice was impress
fve from Its massivenoss,
The Postal building was badly dam
aged, and the operating room was, a
wreck, Power of every kind was de
stroyed, and there were no lights, el
ther gas or electric. Neither the Pal
ace hotel nor the St. Francis was de
stroyed as far as the framework goes,
but the inside plastering aud decora
tiong, were greatly damaged.
The business section of the city from
Market street to Mission street and
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THE CALL BUILDING, ALSO DESTROYED.
troidi the By LRt Wdae ®.uoni Co
pletely wreeloed.
The most coaspicaous buildiney in
San Franclsco, the city hall, is ahios!
totaliy ruined. It cost from R6.01L.C6
to $7.000.600. took fweunty-five yeuars in
econstruction and was surmounted by
a dome 832 feef bigh, It was thoun hi
to be very seligly ecoustiucted, bein:
boilt gubeiantially ¢f briek, with the
walls gevered by eament. The interior
of the deme was decorated with ox
pensive marbies taken from the Pa
eifle coast mountaing.
Another ‘very fine bhuilding, which
cost over £5,600,000, is the splendid ho-
121 ercetod Ly Mrs, [iérman QOolrichs
on fast tonatie Fob hill. | Mrs, Oclrichs,
who iz o gaughior of the iite Renator
Walr, has shova Coe taste in the ar
ehitactural olus of Falrment, the ap
rrrosttate name of (he new hotel. Secn
sron the Hur thls structure. with its
Glamie ouldines, makes 2 beholder
thisk of g Cre-ck tempie. White and
sraeatnl odeaius aho e the husy mar
wot pluess, e graut w taesale Cistrict.
she comwdad lemicess sootipn and pie
| imeeane Chiatiay wECh Ny iee
Wy, e S alanearing owing to the
| anorgachim et of epromeoree and &
t trindling of the (higese population.
Other Imposing edifices, many ef
which have been more or less severely
injured, are the Hotel St. Francis, the
Palace hotel, the Hall of Justice, the
Mutual Bank building, the Pacific Mu
tua! Life building and the Callaghan
building. The greatest property dam
age resulted in the manufacturing dis
trict and the greatest loss of life Im
the tenement house district.
The chief street of the city is Mar
ket, running diagonally for many miles.
The destruction of many of the depart
ment stores and other business blocks
on Market and Mission streets was al
most complete. Fire added to the hor
rors of the situation, and, as the water
mains had been burst by the shock,
the fire department was helpless. The
flames ate their way 'along Market
street, and other fires started in differ
ent parts of ‘the city.
As the earthquake occurred but &
little after 5 o'clock in the morning,
practically the entire population was in
bed. Men and women rushed wildly
forth in their night robes and fled in
panic through the streets. Many were
caught by the falling roofs and walls,
and in the poorer districts the tene-
I ments collapsed like ‘ggshells, crush
ing and suffocating their inmates be
fore they bLud time to escape. In many
cases fire finished the work of death,
catching the victims as they were
pinned still alive under the debris.
To arrest the spread of the fire nlong‘
Market street many bulldings were
dynamited.
{ The track of one railroad was de
{ pressed four feet or more for a dis
i tance of three miles. At one point in
the city the earth cracked open for a
distance of®six feet, leaving a yawning
chasm of fathomless depth. .
The destruction of all telegraph wires,
except one belonging to the Postal
union, made it almost impossible for
the stricken city to communicate with
the outside world. The severe Injury
to the Western Union and Postal of
fices, also the Associated Press, greatly
added to the difficulty. |
The practical destruction of six or
{ elght blocks, coupled with the immense
iloss of life and damage to property
: throughout San Francisco and the en
; tire coast region, makes this the worst
! earthquake disaster in American bhis
| tory, exceeding even the historic
‘ Charleston earthquake of a few years
ago, 1
' San Francisco has suffered from
{ many slight seismic shocks, one of
gthem occurring about a year ago. At
i that time a long article appeared in
:one of the papers, signed by a pro
i fessor in one of the observatories near
| by, stating that there was no partic
i ular danger from these tremors of the
!earth’s surface. The coast region, ac
! cording to this writer, was newer than
i parts of the country farther east and |
i was therefore settling. He said peo- 1
i ple should feel no alarm, as nothing
{ serious was lable to happen. |
l Evidently the earth’s crust in the
: Golden Gate region has been dolng
“some more ‘‘settling.”
g The most severe earthquake San
! Francisco has known prior to the pres
‘ent one was in 1868. Quite a little |
| damage resulted, though nothing re
© wotely comparable to this. It was the
; 1868 shakeup that was inade famousl
! by Mark Twain. The most surprising
ixth!ng the genial Mark saw at that thne
i was the opening up of the ceiling of
‘ bis room, the lips of the orifice work
‘ing to and fro like a mouth and a brick !
: slipping through and held in suspen-i
sion, like one lone tooth on the jaw of ‘
an old man. ‘
The last earthquake that occuired io i
San Franeisco was in Japuary, 1900. |
Several distinct shocks were felt early i
in the morning, causing the vibration !
of buildings all over the city. The |
chief builcding : affected was’ the St
Nicholas hotel, which was severely
shaken. The walls ¢ollapsed In cer
taln parts of the structure, guests were |
thrown out of their beds and furniture |
was destroyed. : l
In 1904 there was a severe seismic
disturbance in Los Angeles, which was
feit throughout the city and for 8
radlus of several wmiles around. - 7
®
Stricken Cily Long Permeated
® o
With an Air of
Romance.
How the Metropolis of California Was
Purged of Disorder—Lynching of
Cascy—The Days of the Forty
giners—Town Depopulat
ed by the Rush of
Gold Seckers.
AN FRANCISCO, the earthquake
stricken city, has long been per
meated with an air of romance
and adventure. Nowhere may
ene turn without being reminded of
the legends that have been woven
around the forty-niners and their im
mediate followers. The names of the
streets and of the business blocks, such
as Kearney, Sutter, Montgomery, Du
pont, Flood, Crocker and Sharon, bring
to the mind of the visitor long forgot
ten stories of riot or adventure and of
fortunes whose vastness once excited
his wonder or made him incredulous.
The site of the city was first visited
by Europeans in 1769, and in 1775 Bu
careli ordered a fort, presidio and mis
sion founded on the bay. One year
later, the year of the Declaration of
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Independence, the Spanish settlers be
gan the work, and when Vancouver,
the explorer, visited the place in 1792
the presidio represented the military
authority, while the pueblo and mis
glon stood for the civil and religious
factors respectively. The mission was
gecularized In 1834 and a town laid
out the year following.
In 1846 an American man-of-war, un
der command of Commodore John B.
Montgomery, entered the harbor and
hoisted the stars and stripes over the
town. Mexico, which succeeded Spain
as the owner of Californta, was then
at war with the United States, and the
act of Commeodore Montgomery ended
her dominion over San Francisco.
Montgomery appointed - Lieutenant
Washington A. Bartlett to be Frisco’s
first alcalde, or mayor, under the new
regime. Under Spanish and Mexican
rule the town was a sleepy, unprogress
ive place, but with the coming of Amer
feans and the discovery of gold In 1848
fere came an era of growth and hus
tle. This did not eventuate at once,
for the first news of the discovery of
gold practically depopulated San Fran
cisco. ‘
The town was smitten as by a plague,
end one historfan thus describes what
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- e SAN FRANCI:C) HARBUR. o .
g ee B S e.ke B o EaakERE .
Sy TS Re e AS st T N o
happened: “Its houses were left unoc
cupled and unprotected, its former
trade ceased, its lots fell to a small
part of their value, its two weekly
newspapers were suspended, and the
town, deserted by the bulk of its In
babitants, was at one time without a
single officer clothed with civil author
ity.”
After the first rush to tbe gold dig
gings the town began to regain its lost
ground, and ere long the influx of gold
seekers gave quite an impetus to its
growth. The town was incorporated
fn April, 1850, and the first common
council elected proceeded with diligence
to plunder the city treasury. The
same year the state was admitted to
the Union, and when the steamer Ore
gon brought the news—there was no
telegraphic communication in those
days—business was entirely suspended
and the entire population rushed to the
wharfs to welcome the harbinger. The
town had about 10,000 inhabitants at
that time, and when the people were
informed that the signal flags of the
Oregon indicated that California was a
sovereign state of the United States of
America ‘“a universal shout arose from
10,000 voices on the wharfs, in the
streets, upon the hills, housetops and
the world of shipping in the bay.”
In its early history the city suffered
from several disastrous fires. Between
December, 1849, and June, 1831, six
counflagrations played havoc with the
growing young town. Better buildings
were planned and several fire compa
nies were organized. These were steps
in the right direction. It was also dis
covered that the fires were started by
criminals who profited by the confu
sion. .
This fact and the inefficlency and
corruption of the city government led
a large number of citizens to organ
ize the famous vigilance committeé
which ruled the place in 1851. Quite a
number of crooks were lynched by
the committee, others were driven out,
like-Jebr Tyakhurst, the leading figure
in Bret warte’s “Outcasts of Poker
MARKET STREET FROM SECOND STREET WEST.
Flat,” and the city went through a pu
rification precess that was of great
benefit to it.
The aspect of San Francisco at this
time was not Inspiring to inflowing
gold seekers. It was a straggling med
ley of low, dingy adobes, frail wooden
shanties, born in an afternoon, with a
sprinkling of more respectable franie
houses and a mass of canvas and rub
ber habitations. It was malnly a ecity
of tents, rising in a crescent upon the
shores of the cove. I'rom Clark point
it skirted the land to Telegraph hill,
along the Clay street slopes, tapering
away to the California street ridge.
The larger number passed to the south
west shores of the cove, beyond the
Market street ridge, a region sheltered
from blustering winds and provided'
with good spring water and named the
Happy Valley.
Stockton street, stretching from Sac
ramento to Green streets, presented
the neatest cluster of dwellings, and
Powell street was the abode of churches,
for of the six churches in existence in
the middle of 1850 three graced Its
sides and two stood upon cross streets,
within half a block. Mason street,
above it, was really the western limit
of the city, as Green street was the
porthern. Beyond N
the trail to the Presidi
' rles and gardens, with at
'to the Marine 'hospital’
! street, and another to the N
'anchorage, where specuias
’ planning a whart to attract &
After the vigilance com
banded the criminal elem
bolder, and In 1856 the ofli
ruption In the city had By
ernble to those who wishel :
decent and orderly life. Whi
King of the Bulletin, who"
nounced the thugs, was mur
James P. Casey, a new vigh
ganization was created, and 18§
days Casey and another m
named Cora were executed in
the committee’s headquarters.”
lawbreakers were later put to
and the regime of the Californi
man” came to an end. 4
It has been asserted that San’
cisco Is the most cosmopolitan ¢
the world, and by cosmopolita
meant a population from all part
the world. Not jong ago the recel
Indicated that 43 per cent of the\pH
ple of the city were born In forel]
lands, not in two or three differes
countries, but in practically every las
under the sun. According to the B
tlonal census reports for 1880, Sl
Francisco had a total population @
208,997. Of these 172,186 were nativel
born and 126,811 were born outside of
the United States. Fully half thes
grown persons in the community zes
moved to California from allen lands,*
while a large percentage of the othigs
Lalf and of the general body of chils
dren were of foreign parentage. IN
1900 San Francisco had a population &
of 342,782, of which 84.1 per cent Wl
foreign born. E:
San Francisco has long been famad
as one of the “wide open” cities of the |
United States. As in the days of
1849, the gambler devotes himself to
his vocation with little interference
from the authorities. Prior to the
earthquake two of the most px'omm.l\g
rcorners in the city were occupled by
gambling dens. One of them, knowS
as the Cafe Royal, has been a veritabls
gold mine for its proprietors. 2
The California supreme court bhas
rendered a decision to the effect M.é
the game of draw poker I 8 not & game
of chance, but involves judgment and
other elements as well as chanoe aF
luck, and because of this decision thess .
places are permitted to be ma.ln(.lmd.;‘l
They are frequented by a hard Joole
Ing crowd of men, and many scapdals
are told assoclated with these places.
A visitor’s life is probably safe in these
resorts, but his money is not. It is sallf
that the son of the premier of British
Columbia was fleeced of $8,500 in
Cafe Royal a few years ago. He loss
$1.500 in cash, but stopped- payment eB
$7.000 In checks.
San Francisco has forty-seven squas®
miles of territory, or about 90,000
acres, within the mtnicipal Hmits. The
finest residences are on Nob hill an@
Pacific heights, both of which districts
command magnificent views of the,
bay and the Golden Gate. The city
has six large parks snd twenty4twe
small ones, and Golden Gate park oé
cuples over 1,000 acres. i