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THS S>@£I K la published in the city of Macon every Saturday Morning, a! three dollars in advance, ror* DOLLAR after three months—two dollars for six months — and mailed to country subscribers by the earliest mails enveloped by good strong wrappers, with legible force, tions. {CT No subscription received for a less period than six months —and no paper discontinued, until al arrears are paid. Advertisement* not exceeding twelve lines will be in erted at $1 00 for the first insertion, and 50 cents for each continuance —larger ones in proportion Persons wishing to advertise by the year must call nt the office and make an agreement to that effect. HT’Advertise ments not limited when handed in, w ill be inserted till forbid,and charged accordingly. Any person forwarding a ten dollar bill, (post paid,) shall receive four copies, for one year, to be sen 1 to differcut jiersons, as directed. 93T letters, on business, either to the Publisher or Editor, must comepost paid to insure attention. Splendid Pianos of Grand Action, AT NEW-YORK PRICES I f I til E subscriber would respectfully inform the citi- I zt .,| S of Macon, and the community in general, 1 that he has been appointed the Agent of the NewYork Piano Forte Manufacturing Company, for the sale of their instruments. 'Phis Company is a chartered asso ciation of Practical Piano Forte .1 laker*, many of whom have occupied lor years past, the lir-t situations in the principal manufactories in this country, and all of whom have been bred to the business. .411 employed in the establishment arc stockholders, and arc alike interested in the success and reputation of the Company. No npprentia 8 or boys are employed in any part of their manufactory ; and they do, with the utin'ist confidence, warrant their Piano Fortes in regard to workmanship, tone and capacity to stand any and all climates. The alnive Company, in coming lieforc the public in com petition with manufacturers of established lame, are re solved to build their reputation on the excellence of llieir instruments and the fairness of price-. They are of most beautiful finish, and in tone, excelled by none. Persons wishing to purchase will do well to call at the Jfew Book Store, two floors South of the Washington Ilall, and examine their excellencies. C. A. ELLS. D'c>n be 8 TO RENT, «THE House and Lot opposite the old Presby terian Church, at present occupied by Mr. Rus sell. Possession given the Ist of January. For terms, apply to WM. S. ELLIS. December ‘Pi 9 _ TO RENT, £. v THREE Fire-proof STO RES, fronting on 3 d j,-, y | street; Three Fire-proof STORES, fronting C 1 * on Cherry-street. They are large and commodious, and well calculated for anv kind of business, and will lie fitted up, ns to shelving and counters, to.suit tenants. Those fronting on Third-street (directly opposite Messrs. Rea Sc Cot ton’s, and J Cowles, Esqr.’s ranges) are now ready for occupancy, and possession immediately given. Those on Cnerry-street will lie ready by the Ist of Octoher next. Rent will be reasonable, tind commence from Ist of October. Apply to _ „ DAVID RALSTON. N. B Several very airy BOOMS on the second floor •o, the above buildings, suitable for Lawyers Offices, will also he rented. H- R- July 7 New Clothing Store. R. AV. MORRIS & CO Having i oca ted themselves in the store formerly occupied by Wm. ri. Johnson Sc Cos. (cast side Mullierry street,) are now opening an extensive assort aneitt of . . Ready-Jlnde Clothing, of the latest fashions, and of superior workmanship, which will be SOLD CHEAP FOB CASH. Their stock c insists in part of the following, viz : Super blue Cloth Cloaks, G iat’s hair Camlet Wrappers, Brown and mixed Cloth Overcoats, Invisible Green do. Mohair and Beaver Cloth do. Pilot Cloth do. Blanket Hunting Coats, Kentncky Jeans! rock and Dress Coats Beaver Cloth Frock do. Pilot Cloth Hunting Coats, Super blue Cloth Frock and Dress Coats, Do. black do. do do. do. Do invisible green and brown do. 350 Vests,comprisingailstvlcs and descriptions, Victoria and Coronation Cassimere Pants, Black and Blue Cassimere do. Fancy Striped and Ribbed do. Satinet and Kentucky Jeans do. ALSO, A general assortment of Stocks, Collars, Suspenders, Gloves, Hoiscry, Linen Shirts, Cotton do. with Linen Bosoms, A general assortment of Boots, Shoes and Pumps. Super Silk anil Cotton Umbrellas, Leather Trunks and Carpet Bags, Purchasers are invited to call and examine our stock. October 21 3m 1 Ladies’ Philadelphia Slippers, &c. JUST received, 1 trunk Morocco, and 2 trunks Kid Ladies’ Philadelphia Slippers, 2 trunks Philadelphia Boots, of superior qualify, 200 pair Ladies' and Gentlemen’s Indian Rubber Over Shoes, ALSO, 36 doz. men and boy’s Wool Hats, white and black, for sale bv HEIDT, ALDRICH Sc CO. ■ December 15 8 MUSIC ! MUSIC ! I JUST received, an assortment of Piano Music ; Cra mer’s Instructor fordo. ; Hunter’s do. ; Burrows’ Primer do. ; Thorough Base, and Composition to do., for sale by C. A. ELLS. December 15 8 PIANOES, CARRIAGES AND FURNITURE, JUST received and for sale at reduced prices, by JOHN H. OLDERSHAVV. ! April | Just Received. K TIERCES fresh RICE, and for sale by O LEVI KCKLKY. j November 24 btt Irish Fotatoes, Apples, &c. QA BBLS. Irish Potatoes, white 10 do do do red 10 do Apples, 10 do Onions In good order aim for sale by J. PHILLIPS. January 10 Matches, Snuff, Ac. BECKWITH’S Pills, Brandreth’s Pills, Evan’s Camomile Pills, for heart-burn, dyspepsia. Toilet Powders, superior Soaps, Loco-foco, Lucifer, and Friction Matches, Black and blue writing Ink, Snuff of various kinds—for sale by J. 11. <s■ IF. S. ELLIS. Cotton-Avenue GOLD INK, Alwautiful article for Artists, Schools, Private Fami lies, Bankers, Merchants. Slc. This Ink, when written with, has the appearance of Gold. It can be used either with a quill, stell pen, or a fine hair brush. Ladies will fmJ it for Ornamental Painting, Visiting Cards, &c., to be superior to any similar article which has ever been introduced to the notice of the public.— For sale by J. H. A W. S. Kills, T an. 26 14 By appointment. Carpenter’s Embrocation for Horses. WNOR the cure of Swellings, Strains, Bruises, Galls J’ Stiffness of Tendour and Joints, See. See. Thia Embrocation is recommended to Farriers and others who wish a remedy for diseases shove mention ed- For sale by J. H. Sc IF. S. ELLIS September 23 4tf HR Ass CLOCKS. A FEW Eight Days Brass Cln.ks, may he psrchssed of C. A Ells, at half price, and warranted to keep the heat of time. January IB BY P. C. PENDLETON. VOL. 11. Perfectly in Toivn ! JOB-PRINTING OFFICE. 11' E have just received an addition of twenty-five » w fonts of Type to our previous assortment —toge- ther with two hundred CUTS, of various designs— all of the “ latest style and fashion,” which will enable us to execute EVERY variety of JOB-PRINTING, in a workmanlike manner, and superior to any thing ; that can be done in “ these parts." Having hitherto given universal satisfaction, tire sub scriber feels sure that, with the present increased facil ities —his long-experience, and tried ability—he will he able to please all who may entrust their work in his hands. fFT Orders respectfully solicited. CORNELIUS R. HANLEITER. ; OCT Don't mistake the Office : it is on Third-street, next door to Harvey ShotwelTs Drug Store, ojiposite the Central Hotel, and in the building formerly occupied by the “ Clock-Makers." Macon, December 22J, 1838. MUSIC STORE. C BRUNO has just received and for sale a hnnd • some assortment of Pianos, Vioiins, Flutes, Bows, Guitar Strings, Music, Sec. &c. The Pianos are of superior workmanship, and will be warranted and kept in tune one year. All orders will he thankfully received and promptly attended to, at the Music Store next door to Mr. J. H. Oldershaw's Carriage and Furniture Ware House. Jan 26 ts-14 PAINTING. r|MtE subscriber is now prepare’ 1 toexecut all kinds ■ of House, Sign, and Fancy Painting, Gilding, Glazing, and Paper-Hanging. House-Painting will he done by the yard, pound, or day. Oiders, either in the city or country, thankfully received and promptly j attended to, at No. 21, Mulberry-street, opposite the Post Office. D. T. REA. sept 18 FOOD FOR THE MIND. a;>i w iBDQ.K i rHE subscriber would respectfully inform his friends ! and the community in general, that he has remov- j ed from Milledgeville, and permanently located himself in his place, two doors South of the Washington Hall, ! in Vlulberry-street, at the stand formerly occupied by Wm. 11. Burdsall, ann lately by A Mr Am, where he intends carrying on the BOOK and FANCV BUSI NESS on the mostrea >onable term' ; and hr flatters tiimseff, if the ptopleiw II call and » amine his stock 'hat tl y will be convneed that he can sell as low as van be bought at any house this side of New York., ) Among his stock may he found a generalassortment of /.file, Medical , Miscellaneous and St'hool BOOKS; GLOBES. MAPS and CHARTS; Mathematical In ■trummts ; Record anti Hiauk Books of all kinds, Paper, Ink, Quills, Inkstands; Printing, Visiting and Ploying Cards ; Steel Pens, Fine Cutlery, Silver Pen cils, Purses, Pocket-books, Bnnker'sCascs, Ladies’ Work-hoxos; ladies’ and gentlemen's Dressing Cases; Dissected Maps, Spelling Puzzles, and a large assort ment of TOYS for children : Fancy and Drawing Pa per, Bristol Boards, Paints, Vanish, India Ink, Brush es for Painting ; Gentlemen's fine //air, Shaving, Nail, Tooth, Whsker and I’lotlies Brushes; Writing and Travelling Desks; Wilson’s Manifold Letter Writer, with the art despatching 1,2,3 or 4 letters with a sin gle stroke of the (ien —a very useful article for all busi ness man. Cologne, Florida, Lavender and Bay Waters ; Milk of Roses, Rouge ; Ladies’Curls, Head Ornaments, &c. Violins, Accordions, Music Boxes ; the most celebrated MUSIC lor Pianos; Card and Cigar Cases; Tobacco and Snuft Boxes, lire &c. 03r All New Publications will be received as soon as they are issued from the press. The above goods have all been selected fresh in New York this fall, and are of the best binding and mater ials. A liberal discount will be made to gentlemen and teachers buying by the quantity, for their libraries and schools. By a closr application to business, and a desire to acomodate, I hope to merit a portion of the patronage of this liberal community. C. A. ELLS. November 17 ly4 GEO. C. McNEILL IS now receiving Ksfall and winter supplies, of Fan | and Stofle British, French, Swiss, Italian, lrnuei and American DRY GOODS. consisting in part of the following articles: fine ana superfine wool dyed. Blue, Black, Brown, Green, Ade. latde, Cadet, Fashionable and Biddle Mixed Cloths Single Double and Trebbled “ lied, Black, Fashiona tile, Mixed and Striped Cassimers and Satinets; Satin. Prussia and Genoa Velvet Vestings; Silk and Valencia do; Gros de Rhine, Gros de Soie, Gros de Naples, Poult de Soi, Reps Brocade and Ipsola Silks; Victoria 1 and Coronation Satins; Shalleys ; “otiseiine de Laine and Taglionea ; French, English, German and Gros de Nap Merinos; French Cambrics, Grodeodier and De lisle Prints; English and American do. of t very style; Shalleys, Merino,Thibet, Brochelle and Chineal Shawls; Fancy Damask, Deinantine and Ipsola Dress Hdkfs; Victoria do; Tambourd and Embroidered Scotch, Swiss, English and French Worked Capes and Collars; Linen, Linen Cambric, Scotch, Long, and Bishop Lawns; Sacharilla Cambric; Nansook, Jaconet and Scotch Muslins; Cambric and Furniture Dimity; Russia and Birds Eye Diaper: Victoria and Marseilles Skirts Linen and Cotton Sheetings; Camhric, Swiss, Jaconet and Thread Inserting!); Muslin Cuffs; Pougee and India K >zan ILlkfs; Victoria Cap, Belt, and Garniture Ribbons; Sattin and Lustring do; Victoria Leghorn, Straw and Cottage Bonnets; Artificial Flowers; Wreaths; Black Lace Hdkfs. and Veils; American, English, Welch, Cause and French Flannels; Ken tucky, Highland and Glenroe Jeans; Mackinaw, Rose, Duffle, French and Point Blankets: Brown Bud Bleech ed Sheetings; Linseys, Kerseys,Tickings, Checks and Drillings. Ladies’, Misses', Gentlemen’s and Boys’ Merino, Angola, Codon and Silk Hoisery of every description. CLOTHING. Cloth Dress and Frock Coats ; Overcoats, Pantaloons Cloaks, Vests, Linen and Cotton Shirts, Lamb's Woo and Merino do; Drawers, Stocks, Cravats, Collars Suspendi rs. Glov es, See. Sc c. with almost every other article ki pt in the Dry Goods line. October 20 52 Central Rail-Road & Banking Company, j of Georgia. Savannah, December 29, 1838 ) INSTALMENT. \fOTICE is hereby given, that an instalment of Ten ie per centum on the capital stock of this Company, is required to be paid in at the Banking House in Sa vannah, on or before the thirteenth day ofMnrch next. Stockholders nt and in the neighborhood of Macon, may make payment at the branen in that city. ‘ R. R CUYLER, Cashier January 5 lln STILLS. JUST received and for sale, a lot of Stills, from fifty to one hundred and twenty gall. ms. JAMES H. BISHOP & CO. Feb 16 I7tf NOTICE. THE Co-partnership and connection heretofore ex isting between the mhacriberw in the business of House Carpentering, Sec., was dissolved by mu ual con sent, on the first of January, 1839. By the terms of the said dissolution, John Jepson is to receive all debts due >o said firm, and in settle all demands against ihe late concern, and of which the creditors and debtors will take due notice. CHESTER HILLS, JOHN JEPSON. Macon, Jan 38. 1889 LVp DEVOTED TO UTBRATUSB, INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT. COMMERCE. AGRICULTURE. TORSION AND DOMESTIC NEWS, AMUSEMENT. Sic. Sic. TERMS : THREE HOLLARS) IN ADVANCE FOCR DOLLARS, A ITER THREE MONTHS. 5 MACON, (Ga.) SATURDAY MORNING, MARCH 2,1839. NOTICE. MTIIE Subscriber, from favorable repre sentations, employed one Wm. Russell, a stranger to him, to go to the Cherokee "with important papers, he left about the middle of this month w ith a very large Black Mare and a Sorrel Horse, one of which he was to have left at Ma con, since which he has not been heard from. He is a young man, apparently about 23 or 24 years of age, nearly 6 feet high, says he was tuirn in Baltimore, though his conversation indicates that he is a foreigner. A handsome reward will be given to those who will en able the subscriber to obtain nis property and bring the thief to justice. A. SHOT WELL. Lee county, Jan. 22 ts-14 STRAYED, FIVE or six weeks since, a small light z-ii r'U Chesnut Sorrel Mare, with a white spot If s •» the face, the right hind foot white, and —i-i—l_2— two small knots o.i the hack. Also, a small Bay Mare, with reached mane and a small white spot in the face. w „ WM. WOODLIEF. Macon, Feb 16 J7 p FIFTY DOLLARS REWARD. RANAWAY from the house of the subscriber, li ving in Crawford county, on the night of ihe 2d instant, a black fellow by the name of ANDREW.— He is about five feet six inches high, between 40 and 50 years of age, thick set, and has a scar (or lump) on ! his breast, about the size of a 12J cent piece. He has a brother in Augusta, by the name of Cuffee, (belong ing to Col. Gardner, of that place) I will pay the above reward for his apprehension and commitment in any jail, so that I can get him. JACOB FUDGE, Sr. Feb 16 17 C {Cr The Augusta Chronicle, and Savannah Geor gian, will copy the above three Hines, and forward their account. COMMERCIAL BANK, ) Macon, Feb. 11, 1833. $ DIVIDENDJVo. 7. PJBHE Board of Directors have this day declared a M Dividend of Eight per cent, for the last twelve I months, on the capital stock paid in, payable to stock | holders or their legal representatives, on and after Tuesday next, the 12th instant. Feb 16 17p G. B. CARHART, Cashier. LAW NOTICE, THE undersigned will heveaf’er practice Law under the firm and style of McDONALD, POWERS & FRANKLIN, anti will regularly attend the C tins' heretofore attended by McDonald &Po vers Office over the Ocmulgee Bank. c. j McDonald, A. P POWERS, Feb 2 15-ts L. FRANKLIN. _ DRESS MAKING AND MILLINERY. M RS. HANLEITER wishes to inform the Lad *. of Macon, and vicinity, tha* she has eome to (ho determination of nursning the press haiikg business, and flatters herself that, from a 1 mg experience, she wil 1 give entire satisfaction to all who mav think proper to engage her services. She will endeavor to obtain pat'erns of the latest Spriar Fashions, and he better prepared to suit thoseGnJies v.ho may patronise koi. IKir Her residence is tin Third-street, in the house fortnerlv occupied by Mr B. Trapp. Ds"Mrs. SAGEwillarfend tdthe*!lt.ivhy husine-s, nt the same house; atyd *)iH Bleach and Pres* Bounds at short notice. 'to ii.it ■ January 19 * •; ill He DR. JAMES M. GREEN I NFORMS the public of Alacon and its vicinity, that he has opened an establishment for the reception and treatment of Patients suffering from Chronic Dis ease, or requiring the performance of Surg cal opera tions, in which those who may be under his care, will he subject to constant Medical supervision, and every exertion made to promote their speedy and complete recovery. He has also an apartment provided for such Negroes as may be confided to his care, by their own ers. Planters and others, residing at a distance, may rely on as much attention being Bestowed on their ser vants, as if under their immediate superintendance The establishment is conveniently located, (next door to his residence,) in a salubrious situation. The medi cal charges will be th >se usually made by the Physi cians of Macon; those for board. See., as moderate ns the state of the market and other circumstances will permit. Feb 9 16p Auction and Commission Business. rjAHE undersigned has commenced a regular busi » ness in the above line, and solicits tile patronage of the public. Refer to Messrs. Rea & Cotton, Macon. “ Scott &. Morrell, New Vork. “ Wm. Patterson Sc Cos., Savannah. Mr. Charles Hartridge, “ “ Robert Collins, Charleston. Messrs. Farrar St Hayes, “ Mr. G. McLaughlin, Augusta. a. r. McLaughlin. N. B. Sales may he expected on WEDNESDAY in each week, until lurther notice. Feb 16 17tf ARCHITECTURE AND BUILDING. fffAHE Subscribers offer their services to the citizens JL of Macon, and the surrounding country, in the various branches of which the above is included, viz : CARPENTERING in its various branches, ARCHI TECTURE, and furnishing plans and drawings of all kinds of buildings, from the domestic cottage to the sumptuous palace ; and embracing the houses of busi ness to suit anv kind of commercial intercourse. They have, for a long time, devoted their whole study to the business they profess, and believe, from their past ex perience in the various branches of their profession, that any person employing them will be satisfied with their performance. They respectfully solicit a share of public patronage. A. F. SHERWOOD, Feb 23 18p CHESTER HILLS. NEW BOOKS. JUST received, Oliver Twist, complete in 2 vols.— Hannah More’s Accomplished Lady—Miss Les lie's Complete Cookery—Keith's Demonstrations of the truth of Christianity, with illustrations —Manual of Con chologv, with two hundred illustrations, for sale by C A. ELLS. Masonic Charts and Diplomas can be furnished to Lodges in this State, by calling on C- A. E. Feb 23 18 PIANOS! PIANOS!I JUST received and for sale, four elegant PIANO FORTES, manufactured expressly for the smith ern climate, and are warranted. The public are invi ted to call and examine them. THOMAS WOOD. December 8 7 Fancy Soap, Candy. &c. "1 / \/A DOZ. Fancy Soap—assorted 1 \J\J 300 lbs Candv do 100 hoxe- and half boxes No. 1 Soap 40 do Sperm Candles 40 doz. Wine. Cherry, Madeira and Hock. For sale bv J. PHILLIPS. January 19 I3tf 1 •) BBLS. Cranberries lew 20 do Apples 30 do Butter Crackers 150 boxes Fresh Raisins. For sale bv LEVI ECKLEY December 25 8 SEGARS. fillll Scgar* just received from Cuba, of the "Ilf IUMP Flint, Taeon, Iberia, sod o'ber fnvor i ite brands, lor aale by J. PHILLIPS. Feb« M CONGRESSIONAL. DEBATE IN THE SENATE. SPE CH OF MR. CLAY, ON THE SUBJECT OF ABOLITION PETITIONS. | Thursday, February 7, 1939. [CONCLUDED.] The grunt in the Constitution is of a power of regulation, and not prohibition. It is con servative, not destructive. Regulation ex vi termini implies the continued existence or prosecution of the thing regulated. Prohibi tion implies total discontinuance or annihilation The regulation intended was designed to facili- j tate an ! accommodate, not to obstruct and in commode the commerce to lie regulated. Can it be pretended that, under this power to regu- j late commerce among the Stales, Congress! lias the power to prohibit the transportation of livestock which, in countless numbers, are daily passing from the western and interior States to the Southern, South-western, andj Atlantic States ? Tne moment the ineontesti ble fact is admitted, that negro slaves are j projierty, the law > >f moveable property irresisti- j bly attaches itself to them, and secures the right of carrying them from one to another! State, where they are recognized as property,' witiiout any hindrance whatever from Con gress. But, Mr. President, I will not detain the Senate longer on the subject of slavery within the District and in Florida, and of the light of Congress to prohibit the remov 1 of slaves from one State to another. These, as I have alrea dy intimated, with ultra-abolitionists are but so many masked batteries, concealing the real point of attack. That point of attack is the institution of domestic slavery as it exists in these States. It is to liberate three millions of slaveshel l } in bondage within them. A"d now allow trie, sir, to glance til the it; nirmotintaLae obstacles which lie in the way ofthe accomplish ment of this end, and at some ofthe conse quences which would ensue if it were possible to attain it. The first impediment is the utter and abso lute want of all the power on the part ofthe* General Government to effect tlie purpose.! The Constitution ofthe United States creates: a limited Government, comprising compara tively few powers, and leaving the residuary mass of political power In the possession of the several States. It is well known that the sub ject of slavery interposed one of the greatest difficulties in the formation ofthe Constitution. It was happily compromised and adjusted in a spirit of harmony and patriotism. According to that compromise, no power whatever was granted to the General Government in respect to domestic slavery, but that which relates to. taxation and representation, and the [tower to restore fugitive slaves to their lawful owners, j All other power in regard to the institution of slavery was retained exclusively by the States, to be exercised by them severally, according to their respective views of their own peculiar interest. The Constitution of the United States never could have been formed upon the principle of investing the General Government with authority to abolish the institution at its pleasure. It never can be continued for a sin gle day if the e.v rcise of such a power be assumed or usurped. But it may be contended by these ultra-abo litionists that their object is not lo stimulate the action of the General Gove« nrneut, but to opt rate upon the States themselves in which the institution of domestic slavery exists, if tlwt lie their object, wlty tire these obolitiou societies and movements all confined to the free States ? Why are the slave States wan tonly and cruelly assailed ? Wity do the abolition presses teem witli publications ten-1 ding to excite hatred and animosity on the! part of the inhabtants of the free States against | those of the slave States ? Why is Congjess petitioned ? The free States have no more: power or rigiit to interfere with institutions in j the slave States, confided to the exclusive j jurisdiction of those States, that they would J have to interfere witli institutions existing in j any foreign country. What would Ite thought of tlie formation of societies in Great Biitain, the issue of numerous inflammatory publica tions, and the sending out oflecturer.s through out the kingdom, denouncing at the destruction of tin) of the institutions of France? Would they be regarded as proceedings warranted by good neighborhood ? Or wnat would Ite thought of the formation of societies in thej slave States, the issue of violent and iuflamtna- j lory tracts, and tlie deputation of missionaries [touring out impassioned denunciations against institutions under the exclusively controlol the free States ? Is their purpose to apjiea to our understanding, and to actuate our humani ty? And do they expect to accomplish that purpose by holding us up to tlie scorn and contempt, and detestation ofthe |>eople of the free States and the whole civilized world? Tiie slavery which exists amo ;gst us is our affair, not tlieirs ; and they have no more just concern with it than they have with slavery a; it exists throughout the world. Way not leave it to us, as th common Constitution ol our country has left it, to lie dealt with, under the guidance of Providence, as best we may or can ? Tlie next obstacle in tlie way of alioliiioii arises out of the feet ol tlie presence in tlie slave States of three millions of slaves. Tliey are there, dispersed throughout tlie land, part laud parcel of our population. Tliey were brought into tlie country originally under tlie authority of tlie parent Government whilst we were .tolouies, and their importation was coo. 1 tinned in spite of all tlie remoustranco. of our i C. R. II AN PRINTER. ancestors. If tlie question were an original; question, u licther tiler* being no slaves within i tlie country, we should introduce them, and ; incorporate them into our society, that would ;be a totally different question. Few, if any j i of the citizens of the United States would be | found to favor their introduction. 1 No n an in it would o[>[M)sc, upon that suppr sition, i | tlieir admission with more determined resolu tion and conscientious repugnance that I ; should. But that is not tlie question. The i slaves are lie re; no practical scheme for their removal or separation from us has been yet devised or proposed ; and the true inquiry is,* what is best to lie done wait them. In hu man affairs we are often constrained, by the force of circumstances and the actual state of tilings, to do what yve would not do if that state of things did not exist. The slaves are here, and here must remain, in some condition; and. I repeat, how me they to lx; liest governed? 'Vhat is best to be done lor tlieir happtucss and our own ? In the slave States the alternative is, that the white man must govern the black.; or the black govern the white. In several of those States, the numlier of the slaves is grea ter *han that of tlie white population. An immediate abolition of shivery in them, as tliese ultra alxjlitionists propo-e, vvouh lx; fol 'oweii by a desperate struggle for immediate; ascendency of the black race over the white race, or rather it would he followed by instan taneous collisions between the two races, which would break out into a civil war tha! would end in the extermination or subjugation of tlie one race or the other. In such an alter native, who can hesitate? Is it not better for both parties that the existing state of things should be preserved, instead of exposing them to tlie horrible strifes and contests which would inevitably attend an immediate abolition? This is our true ground of defence for the con tinned existence of slavery in our country. It is that which oar Revolutionary ancestors assumed. It is that which, in rny opinion, forms our justification in the eyes of all Christendom. A third impediment to immediate abolition is to be found in the immense amount of capital which is invested m slave nr®;>ertv. The total number of slaves in the United States, according to tlie last enumeration ofthe popu : latioti, was a little upwards of two millions. Assuming their increase at a ratio, which it probably is, of five pci cent, per annum, their present numlier would be three iiiiil.otis. The average value of slaves at this time is stated by persons well informed to lx: - is high as five hundred Collars each. To be certainly within the mark, let us suppose that it is only four hundred dollars. Tlie total value, then,; by that estimate, of the slave projierty, in the United States is twelve hundred millions of dollars. This projierty is diffused throughout all classes and conditions of society. It is owned by widows and orphans, by the aged and infirm, as well as the sound and vigorous. I It is the subject of mortgages, deeds of trust, I and family settlements. It has been made the '■ basis of numerous debts contracted upon its 1 faith, and is the sole reliance.in many instances.: of creditors within and without the slave Slates, for the payment ofthe debts due to them. And now it is rashly proposed, by a single fiat of legislation, to annihilate this immense amount of property ! To annihilate it without indemni ty and w ithout compensation to its owners! Does any considerate man believe it to be possible to effect such an object without con vulsion, revolution, and bloodshed? I know that there is a visionary dogma which holds that negro slaves cannot be tlie subject of projierty. I shall not dwell long with this sjieculative abstraction. That is projierty which tlie law declares lo be projierty. Two hundred years of legislation have sane j tioned and sanctified negro slaves as projierty.! Undei all tlie forms of goverment which have existed ujion this continent during that long space of time—under the British Government —under the Colonial Government —under all the State Constitutions and Governments — and under the Federal Government itself— tliey have been deliberately and soiemiy rerog. nixed as the legitimate subjects of projierty. To the wild speculations of theorists and inno vators stands opposed th a fact, that in an un interrupted period of two hundred years’ do ration, under every form of him an leg -l.itiim, and by all the departments of human govern ment, African negro slaves have lieeo (wild and lespect d.have descended and been transferred as lawful and indisputable property. They were treated as property in tlie Br tish example winch is so triunijihantly apj<eaied to as worthy of our imitation. Although the West India j footers had no voice in tl* United P irlia meut of te British Dies, an irresistible sen re of justice extorted from that Legislature the giant of twenty million- oi pounds sieiling to comj.cn.sate tlie colonists for tlieir loss of projierty. If, therefore, these ultrn-abolitionists are seriously determined to pursue their scheme!' •if immediate abolition, they should at once set aliout raising it fund «>ftwelve hundred millions | of dollars, to indemnify the owners of slave, projierty. And tlie taxes to raise that enor mous amount can only he justly as-es-ed upon i themselv -s or upon t. e free States, ifthey can : jiersuade them to assent to such as assessment; j for it would lie a mockery of all justice and an 1 outrage against all equity to levy a 'V portion of tlie tax upon tlie slave Slates to pay for their own unquestioned projierty. If the considerations to which I have already 1 adverted are not soffit ient to dissuade the abolitionists from further persev race in the r designs, the itnereuU of tlie very cause which f they profess to espouse ought to check li cif career. Instead ol ucvoLCitg, Ly (hen efforts, that cause, tliey have thrown buck for half* century the prospecl of any species of ernancie pat ion of the African race, gradual or imrne liate. in any of tlie States. Tliey have done more ; they have increased tlie rigors oflcgis. tlon against slaves in most, if not all, of tlio slave States. Forty yfcarsngo tl.fc qtiC-libn was agitated in the Sta’e of Kentucky of a gradual emancipation of the slaves within its limits. By gradual emancipation, I mean that slow but safe and cautious liberation of slaves | which was first adopted in Pennsylvania S' the i instance of Dr. Franklin, in the year 1790, ; and, according to which, tlie generation in I x:ing were to remain in slavery, but ail ihe r | offspring born after a specified day were to lie free at the age of twenty-eight, and, in tho mean time, were to receive preparatory in. struction to qualify them for the enjoyment of freedom. That was the species of emancipa tion which, at the ejroch to which I allude, was discussed in Kentucky. No otic was rash enough to jiropose or think of immediate nholi lion. No one was rash enough to tliink of throwing loo.se iijxmi ttie community, igno ai I and unprepared, the untutored slaves of the State. Many tlmught, and I amongst them, that as each of the slave States had h rigiit exclusively to judge for itself in respect to the institution of domestic slavery, the proportion of slaves compared with the white population m that State, at that time, was so inconsidera ble that a system of gradual emancipation might have been safely adopted without uev hazard to the security and interests ofthe Commonwealth. And I still think that tla; question of such emancijiation in the farming States, is one whose solut ou depends upon the relative numbers ofthe two races in any given State. If I had been a citizen of the State of Pennsylvania, when Franklin’s plan had lieen a looted, I should have voted for it, because by no possibility could the black race e>er acquire the ascendency in that State. But il l had lx;en tlien, or were now, a citzen of ntty of the planting States—the Southern or .South-western States—l should have op. posed, and wo .Id continue to oi jio-e, any scheme whatever of emanoijiut on, gradual or immediate, because of tlie danger of mi ultimate asceada* rv of tlie black race, or pf a civil con test which m'ght terminate in the extinction of one race or the other. NO. 19. The projiosition in Kentucky fora gradual emancipation did not prevail, but it was sus. rained by a large and respectible minority. That minority had increased, and was incieas ing, until the abolitionists commenced their operations. IHe effect has been to dissijiate all prospects whatever, for the jiresent, of anv scheme of gradual or other emancipation. The People of U at State have become shocked and alarmed by tliese abolition movements, and the number who would now favor a sys. tent even of gradual emancipation is probably less than it was in the years 1798.’9. At the seas on of tlie Legislature held in 1537-’9, tl;e question of calling a convention w-as submitted to the consideration of tlie People by a law jiassed in conformity with tlie Constitution of the State. Many n otives existed for the passage of the law, and among them that of emancipation had its influence. W.ien tho ! question was passed upon by the People at their last annual election, on'y nl>o it one so irtli o the whole voters of the S: te supported a ! caD of a convention. Tlie appro'iens ; on ofthe : danger of abolition was tlie leading considera tion amongst the People for opposing the call. But for that, hut for the agitation of the ques- I tion of abolition in States wiiose jiopulation had no right, in the opinion of the People of Ken tucky, to interfere in the matter, the vote for a convention would have been much larger, if it had not been carried. I felt myself con straint and to take immediate, bold, decided ground against it. Prior to the ng tution ofthis subject ofaboli. tion, there was a progressive melioration in the condition of slaves throughout all the slave Slates. In some of them, schools of instruc tion were opened by humane and religious persons. T.iese are all now checked ; and a spirit of insubordination having shown itself in some localities, traceable, it is believed to abolish movements and exertion , tho legisla tive authority lias found it exjiedient to infuse fresh vigor into the p< dice, and laws which regulate the conduct of the slaves. And now, Mr. President, if it were possible to overcome the insurmountable obstacles which lie in the way of immediate abolition, let us briefly contemplate some of tlie conse quences which would inevitably ensue. One of tliese has been occasionally alluded to in tlie jirogress of tuese remarks. It is the struggle w iicn would instantaneously arise between tiie two races in most ofthe Soutliern and Southweste n States. And what a dread, ful struggle would it not lie! Embittered by all tlie recollections of tne past, by tlie un conquerable prejudices which would prevail I between tlie two races, and stimulated by all ! tiie Uijies and fears of the future, it would be a contest in which t..e extermination of the blacks, or their ascendancy over tiie whites, would be the sole alternative. Prior to the conclusion, or during the jirogress of such a contest, vast iiumliers, probably, of tlie black race would migrate into the free States ; and what effect would such a migration have ujion i the biboi ng classes in those States ! Now t.ie distribution of labor in the United j States is geographical; tin free laborers oc ciijiviug one side of the line, and the slave laborers tlie other ; each class pur-uing its [own avocations almost altogether unnuxed with the other. But, on the supjrosition of immediate abolition, tne black class, migrating mto tiie tr e States, w ould enter into conijieti t on with the white class, diminishing the wages of their labor, and augmenting the hardships of ‘their condition. I his is not all. The abolitionists strenuous ly ojipose all-separation of the two races. I confess to you. sir, that I have seen with regret, grief and astonishment, their reso.uteojipos tion to tne project of colonization. No scheme was ever presented to the neeptnnee of man, winch, whether it be entirely practicable or not is characterized by more unmixed humanity ami benevolence than that oftransjjorting, with t;ieir own consent, the free |ieo|ile of color in tiie United States to tlie land of their ancestors. It has tl e powerful racommendatien that whatever it does is good; and if it effect* nothing, it inflicts no one evil 6'- mischief njxin a, y portion of our soujoiy. Tusic in an