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4 THE MAO OH TELEGRAPH: THURSDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 25, 1894. THE MACON TELEGRAPH PUBLISHED EVERY DAY IN THE YEAR AND WEEKLY. Office 563 Mulberr* Street. trilB DAILY TELEGItAPH—Delivered br carrier! in Uii city, or miUlcd, poetaie tn*, CO cenu a nior.Ui; $Li5 for three inontlis; $5.50 tor six months; $7 for one yenr; every day except Sunday, K. trnB TELEGRAPH—Tri-Wctkly. Mon day!, Wedneedayi and Friday!, or Tnee- days, Thuridiy! and Saturdays, three manUu, II; six months. It; one year, $4. 3*1115 SUNDAY TMLEORAPH-By mall, one year, U ffllB WEEKLY TELEORAPH-By mall, one year, 11. BUBSCRU’TIONS—Payable In advance. Remit by postal order, oheok or resls* tered letter. Currency by mall at risk of sender. COMMUNICATION* should be addressed and all orders^ cnecks, drafts, etc., made payable to TUB TELEGRAPH, Macon, Go.' PUBLISHER’S NOTICE. The rorrlMe’ nets of city subscribers are being revised end so arranged as to Insure prompt and early delivery. Tbe recent changes caused by October remov als of subscribers and a large addition to tbe Hat have caused same trouble among Ihc carriers. Subscribers will please notify ue when they fail to re ceive tbelr papers. A GUIJAT FAIR. A wntleman wlto lias had an oppor tunity to Judge, because ho lina at tended ull of them, said yesterday Hint the fair now open on our ground* was the host which ho had over known In Georgia, without exception. It is true, he nuld, that In certain departments, nnd ho mentioned machinery as one of them, one or two other expositions during pnnt years In Georgia bad been fuller than the Dixie Fair now going on. But, he added, the Dixie Fnlr much more than mado up tbla defi ciency by Us fullness la other direc tions. There has never, ho said, been in Georgia an agricultural exhibition that would compare with that at this fair, nor such a display of nil kinds of live stock. In tho features of tlio fnlr which oro intended ’ncroly to nmuao tho public, tho Dixie Fair wnn far ahead of anything he had over seen. All of this Is a great deal to say, but the Telegraph believes that It la a fair ly accurate statement uf tho facta lu tho case. Tho Dixlo Fair Is a great fair. It Is worthy of tho patronago of all people who can reach It with a rca- Bonnblo outlay of money. It is but just beginning, and .tho attendance Is already fair. Wo hope that by tbe end of this week tbo attendance will ho in proportion to tho merits of tbo attrac tion— tliut la to say, that It will bo very large. Tho times are hard nnd tho price of cotton low, hut nevertheless She money Invested to making tho trip' to Macon nnd to the fair will bo Trail Invested and wlU bring largo returns.''. povmtNoit NormiKN's message Wo print olsewlienf tills morning tho last annual message of Governor Nor- then to tho legislature. Its recom mendations nro worthy of'a man who has shown himself to be ono of the most enlightened nnd public-spirited governor* tho stato 1ms over lmd. If tho legislature will follow his recom mendations In respect to reform of tho election laws, tho penal laws and tho proper support of the school system, It will have Immortalised Itself when it anally adjourns. Much of tho message, of course, merely conveys Information to tho law making body in regard to die operation of state Institutions, tho condltlou of the state's tluancea, and so on. But the matter of greatest Importance is the manner In which the governor deals With certain unsettled durations In our polities, which have been pressed upon tho attention of tho public during re cent years, and tbe soltlotncut of which Is being demanded. The governor uu- hesitatingly says tlmt tho Increase of crime In this stato Is “not so much at tributable to the growing had morals of tho people as to tho Induing sys tem found In our chaingnug* and short terms la tho penitentiary, without moral restrictions and helpful Intitt- cnees.” There is much reason to be hove that tu Oils matter die governor Is right. More frequently than not, when a serious crime ts committed. It Is found that the perpetrator of It Is nu old criminal, even though he * bo young In years, having served a term In tho Georgia penitentiary, appropri ately called by the governor a tralniug system in crime. This fact suggests tho remedies urged by Governor Nor- then. Ho thinks, first, that the young criminals ought to be separated from the old and hardened ones, and. second, that the state ought to provide a train ing school, in which theso young of fended against the law may bo taught Useful trade* and thus withdrawn from the habitually criminal class. Wo do not think anybody who knows any thing about penology, or has psid at tention to the vtAtUttra of Northern penitentiaries, can doubt that. Gorcr> nor Korthen, In this matter, is right, even If the matter be considered only from an economic standpoint. It ts cheaper to take a yonng la.l, who has offended against the law largely l hr'Ugli ignorance anil because of a bsT environment rather than because ho Is himself congenitally bad, and make of blm a good citlren through ed ucation and tho acquirement of n use ful trade, than to permit Uds samo lad to become an accomplished criminal, preying through all bis life upon the earnings of tho Industrious part of the community. Of course, however, there tt another and even more Import ant point of view from which this mat ter should bo considered. Such a lad, eveu though an offender against the law, Is not a mere brute, which tho state should punish and force to labor, but a bimiau being still, with many of tho possibilities of doing good, of suf fering, of attaining happiness, that other men hare. The mere fact that bo has transgressed human law docs not put him outside of the pale of hu man sympathy, nor relieve the com munity at large of it* responsibility for blm. Oovemor Northen writes strongly of the necessity of reforming our election laws. lie very truly say* that wo have reached a period In our political his tory that compels a strict regard for the security of elections through the purity of tho ballot. Ho dues not make sped tin recommendations In this re gard, contenting himself with Impress ing upon tho legislature the importance of achieving certain results amt leaving to that body tho suggestion of the means of accomplishing it Tbe gov ernor, however, seems 'to think that what Is needed Is a stato registration law. In Uto opinion of tho Telegraph, no registration law, however benellclal It might prove, can be a complete rem edy for tho evils of which the electors of the state bare a right to complain. Almost hny registration law, however carefully drawn, would work Injustice In certain quarters, and would bo Bub- Ject to evasion in others, though It Is possible, if the law made the tax col lectors also Ute registrars and tho re ceipt for taxes tho certificate of regis tration, that most of tho practical <11111- cultlce would bo overcome, though a very large number of people may Vie disfranchised. As we have said on for mer occasions, howover, the remedy for our election troubles mutt bo found In moro horolo treumont than even a registry law of this kind* Wo llilnk It should put In operation n low edu cational test of tho voter's knowledge and Intelligence. Anything short of this nuty not wholly fall of benefiting tho state, hut It will fall short of boing a complete remedy for our troubles. Governor Xorthon's official llfo is about to close. Wo think that he can look back over It with as much satis faction os tiny goveruur Georgia has had In many years. Ho his been nn exceedingly conscientious, careful, In telligent nnd patrlotlo official, nnd he retires with tho respect of every Intel ligent person who lias taken the trouble to keep up with tho acts of his admin istration. His Inst message Is worthy of his career, mid wo hope that tho legislature will havo the courage to carry out Its mala reeummendatlon*, oven though n considerable expenditure of publlo money bo necessary In doing so. Economy docs not always consist of obstinately closing tho purse; nnd this Is a case, wo think, whero true economy dcmamlii that money be spent. cumous and stfsricious. Tho Atlanta Constitution thinks ,St curious and suspicious (hut Democrats who favor International bimetallism strengthen tbelr position by adopting overy argument Invented by tlio nilvo- oales of tho single gold standard." What Is meant, we suppose, Is that tho sincerity of such Democrats Is open to question, because of tho company they keep. Wo do not think so, for tho rca- Bon that many of the arguments to which fito Constitution refers as argu ments in favor of tlio singlo gold stand ard are Intended to show that the free coinage of silver at tho Id to 1 rati* would result in sliver monometallism Instead of gold monometallism—a change for tho worse. Thero Is nothing In any national Democratic platform which the position of the Telegraph on this question—ami tho Telegraph's po sition 1s especially mentioned by the Constitution—antagonizes. If It bo “curious ond suspicious" for Democrats who call themselves bimet allists to employ any argument against silver monometallism which has heeu employed In tho same service by Dem ocrats who bcllovo In tho single gold Mandat'd, what must bo thought of Democrats who call themselves bimet allists, bat employ all tho arguments of those who nrv opposed to a bimet allic stsiulunl of any kind; who openly ray that they favor irredeemable green backs, os tlio Populists do; tho silver standard, as the Populists do; any thing, In fact, rather tlnm the prvscut financial system, as tho Populists do. Tho first of these Democrats subjects himself, aoeonliug to tho Coootiutlcn, to suspicion of his sincerity, merely because ho thinks that bimetallism may ho reached only in a certain way. Then tho other Democrat, the kind of Democrat uf which the Constitution Is an example, lias no right to couipLiln, If, using all the argument of tho Pop ulists and shariug their purposes and desires, he fiuds himself also under suspicion of a want of loyalty to his party principles and to his party or ganization. In the same issue of tho Constitution we find a long and carefully written article, la which an attempt Is mado to ahow that Dr. Felton should not ruu as a Populist candidate against Judge Maddox, practically the only reason given being that Jndge Maddox, as a congressman, did everything that Dr. Felton would have done had ho been In cougresa, sitting as a Populist Tlmt ts to ray, the Constitution believes that □o Populkri should run against Judge Maddox because tho latter Is just as good a Populist as can bo found, on tbe silver question. It says of blm that he voted for the free coinage of silver anil against the repent of the purchasing clauso of Gto Sherman act, and asks: What moro ceuld Dr. Fel ton have done, either os a Democrat or as a Populist? This argument may bo effective In tho Seventh district. Third party people may voto for Mr. Maddox because they think that he Is Just as good a' Populist as Dr,- Felton, and may be moro useful because of his party affiliations. But argument of tills kind in favor of Judge Maddox must bo rather em barrassing to Mr. Black lu tho Tenth district, Mr. Black, It will be remem bered, voted for the repeal of the Sher man act. If Judge Maddox ought to bo rc-elccled because be voted against that repeal nnd because Dr. Felton could have done no more, then dues It not logically follow that Mr. Black should be defeated because ho voted for the repeal and Tom Watson In bis place would have voted tbe other way? It certainly seems to us that If Maddox’s voto Is a sufficient reason why ho should bo re-elected, Black’s vote Is a sufficient reason why he should bo defeated—arguing, of course, in both cases from tho Constitution's point of view—the point of view which it Is trying to Induce tho Democrats of this state to adopt. OLD CUSTOMS IN VIRGINIA. Hie Manners ot a Hundred Years Ago Still Found In Some Places. The genuine untouched Virginian ot to day. says a correspondent, has often been declared to be the most complete survival ot eighteenth century England now tn ex istence. There are certain eighteenth cen tury customsand phrases and mannere In common u^e here that have not been heard of In a hundred years tn England. One of the quaintest Is a custom ot the road which died out tn England -when the post road and the traveling chariot went out of vogue. In those days It was considered almost un affront for one traveling In a carriage to drive past another going In the same way. The traveling class generally was made up of tbe rich and leisurely, ond as they bowled along In their conches to have another coach dash by nnd give back Its dust and perhaps Incite the coachman to a race was considered highly indecor ous. To "take one’s dust" was a com mon expression of contempt. The custom was not without Its uses to Its day. But will It be believed that at the close of the nlenteenth century this etiquette ot the road Is rigidly maintained, and that among well-bred people each equipage tins to take tho gait of the slowest? True tt Is. some Ineonoctasts and out siders drive post their fellow-travelers without compunction, but they, therefore, prove their claim to be colled Iconoclasts iia.it outsiders. When It Is a very v case, an .apology is called, out si ■'Pray excuse me, but my horse loss,” or ”1 am In haste to catch the boat,” or something of the kind. But to drive ruthlessly ahead without a word of opology is considered the acme of in breeding. The roads in this part of the world are not Interesting, except for their natural beauty, na the people of wealth, follow ing their English ancestors in practice, sought a proud eccluston for tbelr houses. Only the poorest people built their houses on the main road, and ono may- travel from ono end of this fair country, to the other and not find a single handsome res idence on the public hlghyaw. There was another nnd very practical reason* for ab juring the publlo highway. Every man's house wan at the service of every man. woman nnd child tn the county. An Arab hospitality obtained, and was enjoyed to the full. The people who had undesirable homes were always willing to bestow their company upon their moro fortunate neighbors so that it wouldn't do to be too convenient to the main nr- terieB of travel. Especially was this no when, a visit from a faintly meant the entertaining of two coach horses, a coach man nnd n mold, for tho negroea went vliltlng with the whlto people and cn- Jryed It os much. Hospitality was ono of their great virtues, and is stilt, for these people excel In social virtues, and this particular vlrtuo costs little. It only meant the killing ot a half dozen or more chickens tor dinner, when there were hundreds, perhaps, scratching about tn the poultry yard: and the gardens were overgrown with vegetables for which there was neither solo or consumption. Then- wore I"- houses full of too nnd mwulowa full of cows, ond tee cream was manufactured tn tin bucket, turned about In u keg of Ice and salt. It took two woonen and a man and ft boy to make Ice cream, but tt took that many to do everything. Tho lee houses are among tho most pic turesque features In tho landscape here. A great mound of earth, thirty or forty feet high, was thrown up around a place that was bricked up and looked like a gigantic well. This wua tlntslml at tho top by a circular roof. The sides of the mound were graded and turfed, and made nice places for boys nnd girls to roll down when the short, slippery crass was wet TOLD TO SIT DOWN. Judgo Cole Dealt Summarily With a Legal Prig. Washington, Oct. lei,—Judgo Cole, In tho District ot Columbia supremo court today, decided that there was n law to punish the commission ot crimes ngainst the federal roverament, when those crimes were committed within the territory of tlio llstrlct. The eulu- lon grew out of the application for n writ of habeas corpus for William It Smith, oue of the employes of the bu reau of engraving and priming, charted with stealing .VJ.000 postage stamp* from tlmt bureau. Tho defendant's attoraev. Mr. Hy man D. Course, today assorted that tbo court could not assume front tbo more fact thnt tbo prisoner had boon com mitted by tho police court that this court had jurisdiction. Judge Cole “re plied that ho not only could but would u-ako that assumpt'.m, uu-1 said fur ther that uhl-lws the defendant could show that stealing from tlte govern ment was uo crime, tbo petition for tbe writ would bo dbuiiooL Mr. Course proceeded to rend tho law as he construed It to boar upon the case at Issue, hut was Interrupted by a statement of the court to-the effect that hi* citations bad uo bearing upon tlio question. Tbo attorney retorted tlmt be would read what io thought was proper In behalf of his client.. Judge Cole, with an ompuasi* that could not be mistaken, replied that be did not care to hear tne Attorney fur ther nnd told him to tako his seat, which he did. The court Ihcn dis missed tho petition f„r writ of habeas corpus and remanded tbe prisunor back to Jail to await trial. GOT SPRINGER'S MONEY. Chicago. Oct 33.—V. * W. Johnson, oilfiller and confidential man for War ren Springer, the millionaire. Is miss ing and with him $3,000 0 f Springer's cash. Johnson drew the money front the bank on 'Wednesday to meet tho pay rolL He has left many creditors. NORTHEN’S LAST MESSAGE. □is Final Keonmneadationa to Hie New General Assembly of Georgia, EXECUTIVE MATTERS ALL BIGHT II* Wants ChsugM 1st th* P#n*l System, JKoformution of the ChAlngung Law and * 2fevr fnetfmtlou of « Charitable Nature. Atlanta, . Oct. 241 (Special.)—Gov. Northen submitted his last message to both houses of the general assembly this morning. TUB GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE. The governor’s message was a very comprehensive document, giving In de tail the operations of the executive de partment tor tbe past two years. Tbe first 'topic touched upon Is the refunding of tbe direct tax. The governor states that there was received from the Fed eral government the sum of 283,031.03. The tax had been collected tn only five counties, namely: Bibb, Chatham, Clarke, Monroe and Richmond. Pay ment of claims began in February, 1892, and has continued to the present time. On October 1. 1894. there remilned un paid 513,870.39 of the original amount. There are some claims hi process of settlement: and It Is probable that quite a number will be made within the next two yeans: but It Is surmised that there will rem-tlmd unclaimed something like 810.000 at the expiration of the six years. The six yearn within all claims, to be legal, must be filed with the governor, will expire March 2. 1897. The governbr also gives the result of the operation by the state of the North- eiiatem raMrtad. Mr. R. K. Reaves Is the state agent, and under hls manage ment the governor says that at tho ex piration of tihe first six months of ser vice the road had earned more -than enough, above operating expenses, for the payment of the ambunt of scml-an- nuat interest on the bonds, and he had ordered the same paid for the six months covering the time of the con trol of the property by the etqte. The amount of Interest due at the time tho road defaulted is still unpaid, ond It must be oakl os determined by the gen eral assembly, or tn the Judicious man agement or sale of the road. The road has not been put upon sale, because It has ,piM sufficient Income to warrant the state In operating it. nnd because it was thought there would Ibe better op portunity for Bate later on. Mr. Reaves shows that the income of tbe rona from November 20. 1893. to Au gust 31. 1894. was 845.738.48. The ex penses were 534.587.43. leaving a net ln- oomo of $11,151.05. ben!dee a balance due by 'other roads which brings the net balance up to $12,003.79. The estimated not Income for September 'was 8212.84 THE WESTERN AND ATLANTIC. The report of the operations of the Western and Atlantic road, leased to the Nashville. Chattanooga nnd St. Louis railroad shows the receipts ond expenditures for tho three and a half yearn during which the lease has been 4n operation to have been 85,031,995.55 ond 83,421.833.27. respectively, leaving nctearndpga of $1,510,162.28. The rental, - r . , cw l <1 taxes amounted to $1,609- 295.94, leaving a surplus of $800.31. The amount expended for Improvemnt dur- “k* the same period was 5671,640.83 •vA* commends tho manage- monit <vf this important property. And dltIon tlmt 11 to splendid physical con- THE STATE'S PENAL SYSTEM, saw: tlh<> Pena ‘ system 010 governor 'Besides the death penalty la certain our Statutes we have ton? vlo!?tfnn. mC ? 1 ? dS °! . punishment for 1st. confinement In Sa * flne: M ' Imprison- ment in mie county ohalngang; 4th. penitentiary at lhard ,abor in the state The entire system needs careful re- view for the purpose of making 1m- portant and radical changes. 1 il* '?, a quest lott worthy your eon- "'•oj «» to ■whether ithe common public should hear the expense for maintenance of n criminal In thj coun ty Jail after conviction, unless, be- enuse of physical Infirmity, he may be unable to hear heavier penalties under severer nnd more disgraceful methods. There are many grave objections to ™ alternative penalties Imposed by My candid Judgment compels me to beKeve tha't this system should be greatly abridged. In some cases I have reasons to know tha't penalities would not have been Inflicted at all were It not for the fine to bo distributed In final set tlement. As executive of the state I have been o*ked, time and again, to fix alter native penalties In fines, when tho Innocence of the party was .partially, if not wholly, conceded. It Is dangerous to (trust the liberties and rights of the ipcople to such pow erful temptations on the part of the officers of the law. .** Again, the social conditions that ex ist In our state make It possible for the fine to be paid by Innocent parties. This system under* such policy amounts, practically. In some sense to compounding a crime. The officers of our courts should be paid fixed salaries, so th.it they may be rellevd from temptation to wrong doing towards unfortunate citizens, •who can be convicted for a price. COUNTY OH1AXNOANGS. The governor says of nlhese: I have, time and again, called the attention of your predecessors to the lack of man agement and car* In our county chaln- K.mcs. Thf* iv.n.litt-ins of temporary lease are exactly the same as obtain in our stato penitentiary, excepft that the term of sorlvce Is much shorter, and yet the state’Civet efceolutely no attention to the enforcement of the law or the care of .the prisoners so confined and punished. Upon this subject the governor quotes from hls message to the last legislature on the same subject. Further on he says: To make further known to you the necessity for super vision by the state tt may be proper to say that during my term I have ordered the discharge of prisoners from the county camps who have been detained by the authorities many days after the order releasing them had been Issued. I now have on file In tibia office a letter written to a worthy citizen of the state by the lessee of a county chain- gang, ottering to sell to him a convict sent to hls camp by order of the court, and disclosing the further fact that he has enjjuged in this open violation of the law as a general practice. The etate cannot longer endure or tolerate the shameful abuse of its prisoners and maintain its high stand ard of civilization. Much has been said from tffne to time through the press, in legislative de bates and in public criticism denun ciatory of our penktmtfnry system, which Hi under good control and man agement by competent t»:ale officials, while our ohalngang system, exactly the same in Its organization, is 5n no sense guarded by the rotate, and Its prisoners are left absolutely at the mercy, In every possible sense, of the chaimrang levees. I ask your consideration of this mat ter. and recommend that an additional officer be ttttuoted to the penitentiary department whose duty it shall be to make and keep lu that office a proper Highest of all in Leavening Power.—Latest L. S. Gov't Report Absolutely pure record of all county convicts, as Is now kept of state convicts* and the enact ment of such lotos as will bring these prisoners under the same care and con trol os is exercised over suite convicts. 1 J EN ITfJNTI Alt Y. 1 have no iuiuse lor complaint, against t.vt_ ii.-aaocii of tilt; p.-n.tei..uii-y. On Ulu oontrary, i desire again, to express my continued appreciation of meir con duct, management and uniform cour- loy. xu -y u sve co-u^Tai«.M wua me sta.e department, ana wiU> this office in the Humane treatment of tne con victs, and l nave bound them always ready and prompt to obey as well as enforce the lusw. There have been some Irregularities In the discipline, and an occasional mutiny or rebellion among the con victs, but th^se and more might have been expected in .ihe'control of so large a number of bud and unmanageable people. Tne officers in the tfUUDe department have been painstaking and faithful. The prisoners have been controlled with little or no fNation, the sanitary conditions of the camps are admirable, and the death rate, from all causes, Is remarkably small, being 1.6 per cent. The principal keeper, assistant- and principal physician have my unquali fied commendation, in that they have kept my administration free from stain in the public mind and absolutely clearclear of criticism affecting their de partment toy /the general assembly dur ing the entire term of their service. REFORMATORY. Our system needs to be further amended by tho establishment of a state reformatory or tmlnJng school for young criminals. During my term of office- I have or dered and secured the separation of the sexes and the races in^tke state penitentiary, and the change has worked great good to the system. I have had no authority, under the law, «to separate the younger offenders from Che older and moro hardened criminals. For the lack of such policy the ibest Interests of the state have suf fered greatly. No argument Is needed to show the permanent hurtful effects of an indis criminate close confinement of all kinds of offenders against the law. The duty of the state Is not com plete when the offender has been sim ply punished, and It may be cruelly abused. He deserves, and the Interests of 'the state demand, that he shall be made a better man. Not only should the state secure the moral Interests of Its prisoners against tihe evil Influences of environment, but it should give to these fallen people such moral helps and training as will make them better, upon restoration to Ifberty and possible citizenship. This Is especially ‘true of young criminals. The increase of crime In the state Is not so-much attribu table to tho grow ing bad morals of the people as >to the training system found in our chain- gangs and short terms In the peniten tiary, without moral restraint*and help ful influences. If we keep abreast the ctvUttttKm of ithe times and improve tho moral standard of our people, we must use mere humane treatment for - youthful offenders against 1110 law. I earnestly recommend a suitable ap propriation for the eafcalblishment of a reformatory or training school for youthful offenders. Wo cannot stop -to consider -the pit-' tanco of cost, when we count the crimes it will prevent and the multi tude of good citizens It will save to the state. The state needs to give attentfon to the prevention of crime through more raitlonail plans ithon its severe punish ment. THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. The governor commens In the high- est terms the geological department as organized under the control of Pro fessor W. S. Yeates as chief. He says he knows of one instance where upon a certificate of mineral deposits made toy Uhe chief of the survey a oontract for $240,000 was brought Into the state. The governor says that he declined to pay a bill presented toy the city engineer of Atlanta for $273.60 for street Improvement. ELECTIONS. Concerning the system of elections in the state the governor says: We have now reached a period in our political lAstory fhaJt compels a strict regard for the security of elections through the purity of the ballot. Unfortunately for our beat Interests the people are seriously divided upon many of the most important political issues that confront us. The tempta tion to corrupt practices at the polls, and the opportunity to put them Into damaging effect, are greater than ever before In *the history of the state. No division of sentiment will ever change the character of our free insti tutions If the purity of 'the ballot is preserved. The highest dirty of the general as sembly will be to guard our system of government against the dangers threatened through the ballot box by ambitious, bad men. Whilst every opportunity should be secured to legal voters, of whatever political fatth, Ho cast 'tbelr ballots untrammeled, It Is your imperative duty to enact such laws, through a system of genera) registration, or oth erwise, ifhat will prevent not only Il legal voting, tout the failure to count such legal ;M may have broil properly cast at any legal election. •No greater wrong in government can come to a citizen than the loss of Ms franchise through the Ignorance, fraud or technical bad management of election boards. The state suffers again from (the fre quency of elections. The policy for nominating primaries has become uniform over the state. These primaries are held aft different times for different elections, nnd (they occasion the same strife and contention us the generals elections. Afterward we have the general elections; In October for the state, followed immediately, in November for national officials, and, In two months thereafter, we have an election for county officers. Three elections not only consume, unecessariiy, the time of the people, but they multiply confusion and strife that can be easily avoided by a com bination of elections. Since the repeal of the federal elec tion laws there no longer exists suffi cient cause for the separation of na tional and state elections. There cer tainly can be no good reason why the election for state nnd county officials Should not be held on the same day and a’t the same time. Your attention Is respectfully called to the evils attenffing our elections herein enumerated. I recommend the enactment of just and comprehensive laws to remedy them. EDUCATION. On education the governor says: The progress made In bur system of common schools has been gratifying. During my term of office the appropria tions for the education of -the children bf the state have been largely increased. The term of the schools has been ex tended from three to five months, a system of -teachers' lnnututes, for the better training of teachers, has been e«- tablisnwl, end the general assembly has accepted -the buildings and made prep aration for, .the -beginning of a normal school with fair ©roapeots of aucoeas. It ha* been with me a matter of gen uine regret, however, that the normal echodl. cm inatUuUbn so much needed for the batter educa tion and training of children, has not -been fully and liber ally endowed and equipped, and that the institutions for higher education— the University, the School'of Technol ogy, and the Girls' Normal and Indus trial School—have not had the large ap propriations they deserve and the inter ests of the state and the -people demand. The discussions before the general as sembly covering ithe Interests of these Institutions have been made up of un pleasant and unprofitable, and some times senseless criticisms, that have tended to hamper and hinder their prog ress and success rather than make them the equal of similar institutions of oth er states, or prepared to meet the de mands of the people for whom they were established. % In the minds of some legislators, these schools were created for them to destroy. If the conditions of the state demand these institutions, .thqy should be made eminently useful, by the proper and needed appropriation to make them eaual to the best standards. In this; my last official effort for the good of the state. I most heartily rec ommend large and liberal appropria tions both for the common school sys tem.- and for all the instttutibns for higher education cetabli^hed by "■the state. The education of tihe people must be *** safeguard of our liberties and the standard of our civilization, as well as the guarantee of our material progress. CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. An examination of the reports submit ted for the schools for ithe deaf and the blind and the asylum for the insane wifi show the satisfactory condition of toheso Instltuitftwis. The conduct of the state towards these charities Is above criti cism, and thedr excellent condition is an honor to our people. There is still another large class of unfortunate people In our midst whose oomfiitlon appeals ^most piteously to hu manity and the sthte’e symaptiiy. Many of the states of ithe Union, in addition to .the charitable institutions just named, -through similar motives, care for what is known as .the "feeble mind ed" among them. iMassachuseetB opened an institution of 'this kind 1n 1848. New York began In 1851, Pennsylvania <in 1853, Ohio in 1857, Connecticut Jn 1858. Kentucky in i860, California in 1884. New Jensey Ih 1888, Maryland dn 1886. and other states at other dates. The census for 1890 estimates this class bf people In the United States to be 05.571. an increase of 18,576 since tho last census, in this dtate we have 693 such persons yho are entirely unprovid ed for. The -blind, the deaf, the dumb, and the Insane, have received special pare .at the hands of ithe ota.te for years post at great exopnse. yot here is a.large class of hdpless ones, crippled toy defects and Infirmities. Buffering for el ns, tt may be, they aid not commit, while -they sit 4n the shadow of great misery alone—all aeons and hearts closed against them save .those of the Jail and wrhouse The training punsued in these schools, as determined toy other states, Is no «« exnertment. TOie general tea- tlmony of all these institutions is -that mad c ‘ hTIdreri nre not bene- fry* 1 ** 1 *?* » Proportion ito the time spent at tho Institution. to the imtereat of these unfortunates, an Investigation of this taoortantteharity along the line of the fhSwn ^ llc v nnd u suitable nppropria- THE ATLANTA EXPOSITION. , ®S, v ';r" or earnestly recommends BagjjKlIltarel appropriations to the different depar-hnents of State Intercuts to be advanced by the Cotton States to ttfc aty.° 1,0 h ° ld th ° com,n « Year 4516 management of P^exposition 7-ave announced an ex tensive educational exhibit -to bo com- poeel of common high sriiools and uni- verslty exhibits from 'the different -totes ait the 'South. Georgia cannot afford to be behind In this advertise ment of her conditions on her own toducement for the appro- priatlon is the incalculable good to come to our system by comparison. I recommend an app-oprlation to the department of education for the collection of a school exhibit for the ,state -aa an object lesson for the com mon instruction of the teadhers and pupils of our schools. The geological resources of the state, under the wise administration of tho present chief of this department, are beginning to attract widespread at tention. and a liberal appropriation, authorized by law, for the -gathering' of a suitable display of the state*s mlne-rologloal resources at the capitol could be first put on display at the exposition grounds (to grea't advantage for the state's wealth in the induce ment offered investors, I recommend a liberal appropriation to the geological department • for the collection of such exhibits to toe put on display at the exposition nnd sub sequently transferred to the capitol for permanent display. For the greater wealth of our peo ple and the consequent increase of the tax values of the state I recommend* also an additional (appropriation to the agricultural department of bucK an amount os may be Decenary for a creditatole display of our field products and agricultural resources. These appropriations to the different departments of etate for the purposes Indicated are not only authorized un der our law, but they are legitimate and proper expendrihires of the peo ple's money to advance their educa tion (and wealth. The general assembly will do wise to make these Invest ments for the state's development. The general assembly has too. long neglected the proper development of the etate. We have only to advertise our resources and uncover o the world our wealth -in order to Invite invest ments and good settlers who will re claim our waste places, bring Jn'to service our water -powers, manufaou ure our abundant raw material and make the land ’thrifty in prosperity. Georgia In the past han held proud place among her stater states. It be hooves us now to look well to our lau rels in this contest for supremacy on our own soil. OCHOA RECAPTURED. "El Paso, Tex., Oct 24.—Victor Ochoa, the Mexican revolutionist, was recap tured at Toyah station, on tho Texas and Pacific railroad, last night by Dpp. uty Sheriff Leavel and Stato Hanger Smith. Ochca. is held in Pecos today, but will be brought to R1 Paso tonight. Ho said 1# was intending to go to New Mexico when recaptured. The Mexi cans are all in sympathy with him. He was captured at the h-xis-2 of Tl- buclo Marco, an old friend and sym pathizer.