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rhe Advertiser A' tnieUisseneer s published on Mondays and Thursdays at r iv 'ollars per annum, in Advertisements eii-'erti and at the usual rates: those sent without a pecilied number of insertions, will be published 11 .til ordered out and charged accordingly. grj* Sales of Land, by Administrators, Exe utors, or Guardians, are required, by law, to be irid on the first Tuesday in the month, between he hours of ten in the forenoon and three in the fiemoon, at the couurt-house in the ccunty in which the property is situate. Notice of these sales must be given in a public gazette sixty days previous to the day of sale. Sales cf negroes must be at public auction, on •lie first Tuesday of the month, between the usual hours of sale, at the place of public sales in the -ounty where the letters Testamentary, of Admin istration or Guardianship, may have been granted, urst giving sixty days notice thereof, in one ot the public gazettes of this State, and at the door of the court-house, where such sales are to be held. Notice fortlie sale of Personal Property must be given in like manner, Forty days previous to the day of sale. Notice to the Debtors and Creditors of an Es tate must be published for forty days. Notice that application will 0b made to the Court of Ordinary for leave to sell Laud, published four months. Notice for leave to sell Negroes, must be pub lished fir four months, before any order absolut shall be made thereon by the Qourt. PROSPECTUS OF THE J&MKDST ASSTOCTSaiB, And Agricultural and Mercantile Intelligencer. MY recent relinquishment of a participation . in the editorial labors of an old and well established journal, w6uld seem to require but few-preliminary remarks, in the proposed under taking, were it not, that they are usually deman ded by public expectation, and sanctioned by custom. As there is no good reason why this “time-honored observance” should be disregard ed in the present instance, I shall submit an epit ome of my principles, aad the course which shall be observed in conducting anew journal. The object of the proposed publication' being purely what its title implies, supercedes 1 the-necessity of that political commentary which tire doctrines of the day have usually demanded; yet, as my former professions are held with unabated at tachment, and there being no neiTtral ground, in the conflicting and varied sentiments, which dai ly arise, as to both men and measures—it follows, that 1 should not only make an exposition of my political tenets, but also, that they should be boldly set forth, and fearlessly defended. 1 have ever indulged an ardent devotion to Republican ism, as the term was Understood by its advocates in ’tlS—a sacred regard to the letter and spirit of the Constitution, and a determined and fixed hos tility to every thing like constructive or implied powers—an extension cf equal justice to all par ties —that all power is inherent in and derived from the people, as the original source and ulti mate tribunal—the independence and distinct so vereignly of the .States, and their confederacy as a Union, under a government limited and actual ly defined in its powers. These are the promi nent articles of my political faith, and believing in their correctness, shall abide by them in every trial. ’ Among the mmy topics of deep interest that agitato the people of ail classes, is the exercise of unwarrantable governmental influence on the industry and resources of the country, and the unconstitutional expenditure of the public treas ure to objects of Internal Improvement—measures too frequently destitute of general benefit, and of tentiihi-8 marked by a spirit of partiality, selfish ness and injustice. It would be criminal for one “seated on the watch-tower,” and in the exercise of the duties which belong to the Press, to ob serve, with callous iudift'erence, the causes which have produced, and tire effects which have re sulted from the latitudiuary construction of the Constitution. The dangerous consequences which may ensue, are already indicated by the excited feelings of the country. lam deeply impressed that wrong lias been done, and evil tolerated — yet, with a spirit of forbearance, it would be bet ter fur the oppressed to bear their evils whilst they are tolerable, than “lly to those they know not of.” The present is an era in the history of our gov ernment, distinguished for improvement. The fover of his eouhtry beholds it on its “return ~intreh ,f to its oiigiiml purity and principles.— Already has the ilis'ingjisiieil head of the gov ernment, said—“T! ..uceessjul operation of the federal system cai. only be preserved by confin ing it t, the few and simple, but yet important objects for which it was de. igned.” This is a guaiantee, that the purpose < f the present Exe cutive of the Union and his supporters, is an ef fort to restore the Constitution to its original healthy and unimpaired condition. lam h ,ppy to accord with the Administration and its friends in the wise and well directed course’ which is pursued by them. Tae time was, when to dissent from the mea sured of ..ay of tur prominent parties of our State, by an attachment i" any of tiw others, or to their then distinguished organs, implied an hostility and am unony which frequently had no bounds, and rendered “ iVlulom, Just re , and Muderutiw an empty and absurd profession. The times and circumstances have now become more congenial to better killings: the perplexing diificulties which have surrounded us—those email. iting abroad, and fostered at home, have subsided, with the acknowledgment of our rights, and the successful accomplishment of nearly ail the ends which we have contended for. 1 can review my past course k rulaiion to State affairs, with cheer ing approbation; my future efforts will be inti mately connected with tho past; and it is hoped, without offence to an adverse party. The writer does not believe in the infallibility of matt, nor in their perfection as a party; it will therefore be any endeavor to support Worthy men, and ap prove such orthodox measures as may emanate from genuine patriotism and unadulterated re publicanism —such measures as w ill best answer the ends of our free government, and of our State's interest:—such in in as will “defend the tights of the People, the Sovereignly of the Slates, and tiw Constitutional authority of the Union against all encroachments.” It shad be my Studious endeavor to render the Jittdtigeiu'er an Agricultural and Mercantile ve hicle: to efft ct it, i shall hasten to possess my self of all. the necessary materials which these amp : e subjects furnish, to untold every species a>( information which will be thought to instruct, to interest, and to please, it is believed,' that the mutual conjunction of interest, between the Merchant arid Planter, cannot fail to render ac cept..hie fo one, whatever may benefit the other. My (jlotts i-jlndl be used to procure the earliest r;nd most useful ujercuntile information, and lay it before tlie public; and it will be my desire to' Vo into ilura! Allah's, and garner the choicest ayd best offering* for tnv Agricultural readers. MARMADUKE J. SLADE. Macon, January 1, 18111. g-.*-r- s— "11 - -11 ■■■• - 11 — 1 Judge Peters —A lawyer engaged in a case ‘ felon Judge Peters, tprmcnted a poor German witness so much with-questions, tint the old man declared he was so exhausted that he ryust hate a dunk of wafer before lie could .j . am.t i?ngsnori> Upon this the judge call ed out jo the tc&zing lawyer, “ 1 think sir, you must have done with the witness now, for you Ly ,c J .'i mped liiai flrp.— Journal of Jaw. j rrnr. MACON ADVERTISER. AND AGRICULTURAL AND MERCANTILE iNTOLLIGLNtgjR Ala M A ———: ' :.t: ■ ~ ■ ■ ■ ■ - < 1 — —— , •j . Kn Rstimdfted r.MPpint< “The Herald of a noisy world.” Latent from Europe* New York, April 0. By the packet ship York, Capt. Parsley, we have received Liverpool papers to Febru ary 24th, and 1 ondon to the 23d inclusive, containing Paris dates, by express, to the 21st. It will be seen from the extracts subjoined, that great excesses have been committed in Paris- A letter from London, dated Feb. 22d. savs:— “The continued agitations in Paris, the state of Belgium and Poland, and insurrec tions in Italy, have confirmed the impression here, that war between France and someone, or perhaps all of the three great Northern Powers, is inevitable. Our own and all con tinental stocks have fallen in consequence.” Changes are spoken of as about to take place iu the French Ministry. It is said that M. Odillon Barrot will succeed M, Montali vet, and that M. Real will replace M. Baude ; with other additions from what is called the Mouvement , or liberal party. The Cotton Duty. —lt appears from the accounts received by the York, that the cot ton duty as originally proposed, was Id. per lb. on all sorts. The proposition produced great dissatisfaction at Liverpool and Man chester, and deputations were immediately sent to London, who discussed the matter with the Chancellor of the Exchequer. The result was stated in Parliament on the 21st. Tim Chancellor said, — His plan was this: he proposed to substi tute for the present 6 per cent ad valorem du ty on printed calicoes, a duty of § of Id. per pound oa all imports of raw cotton, without any drawback export duty—excepting, of course from the operation of the tax, the cot ton of our East India and other possessions, lie meant also, for reasons w hich he would state on another occasion, to allow the draw back duty to operate for three months. ' Sir. R. Peel was understood to ask the no ble lord how he meant to make good the loss to the revenue from his proposed reduction of duty on printed calicoes? The Chancellor of the Exchequer said, that the amount of the East India duty was so trifling, as* to be almost beneath consider ation: The amount of the other duty would not make up the loss in question ; but the a inount of that duty, together with that of the duty on printed calicoes, would make it up. FROM TIIF. MANCHESTER HERALD. The Cotton Tax. Wc do not remember ev er to have witnessed so strong a sensation as was produced among the mercantile classes of this town, by the announcement of Lord Altirorp’s intention to lay an additional im port duly of Id. per ib. upon cotton wodl. It will be seen by a reference to another part of our paper, that the Chamber of Com merce have resolved to use every exertion to induce the minister to abandon this impolitic tax ; and for this purpose a deputation, con sisting of the boroughreeve and some of our leading merchants will proceed immediately to l-oiidon. London, Feb. 21, (evening.) There has been much gloom in the city, to-day, end the slight hope which prevailed early in last week, that it was still possible the peace of Europe might be preserver!, is fast disappear ing. All are now looking to Paris, as the scene of more immediate danger, with the most anxious interest; and should the pres ent struggle end in the subversion of the French Ministry, there is scarcely a mer chant to be met with on the Exchange who is not ready to confess his fears of the w'orst consequences. This event is, indeed held to be so probable, that they begin already to discuss the question how far a w ar in Europe commenced by French aggression or inter ference with other powers, ought to involve tlxis country- ALARMING STATE OF PARIS. A funeral mass for the Duke of Bcrri was celebrated on the 14th Feb. at the church oi St. Germain P Auxerrois, and against the ad vice of the magistrates at Paris. In that old sanctuary all the celebrites of the Carlist fac tion had a rendezvous, and collected money for the wounded of the ex Royal Guard.— A bust of the Duke de Bordeaux was para ded in the church, and the consequence was that the crowd assembled without rushed in to the church and put to flight the whole assembly. The people then broke into the presbytery, and were prevented, with the ut most difficulty, by the National Guard, from precipitating in the Seine several priests.— The multitude around the church was im mense the whole afternoon. In a short time the line gilded cross, with the flours-de-lis at its angles, which crowns the steeple, raised a general cry of rage. The National Guard join ed the people i.i demanding its destruction. Workmen were sent for, and under protec tion of the National Guard, at torch light, with municipal guards about the church, the cross was precipitated, and fell with a thundering noise, amidst the tumultuous ap plause of the people, and the full chorus of the Marseillais. The night was pretty calm, but immense parties of people, shouting “Down with tho priests!” filled the streets. On the following morning another scene took place, of which it is impossifile to give any description. The multitude succeeded in taking possession of the church, and not an altar, nor a glass, nor a chair, nor a bit of wood is left. Ail the gold and silver orna ments were conveyed to the Louvre, in mock ceremony, and some of them thrown on the tombs of the victims, opposite which the cu rate of the church had thought proper toper form this Carlist exhibition. However, no body perished. The National Guard saved everv priest who was attacked. Paris was in the most violent state of effervescence for several davs. On the 15th, the church of St. Paul was attacked, and ail the objects ornamented with the lleunwle-lis destroyed; many in wood were brought out and burnt before the chureh. Several persons who were carrying off arti cles they had stolen were arrested. In the evening the cross was pulled down amidst loud acclamations. At the church of Notre Dame, an officer of the National Guards, who attempted to prevent the populace dislodging the cross, was roughly handled. Tri-colored flags have Iv n hoisted bj the people upon! the churches of St. Sulpice, St. Etienne du Mont, St. Gervias, and St. Laurent. The church of St. Germain 1’ Auxerrois has been metamorphosed into the “Mairie du quatri eme Arrondwsemeot;” the facade was bril liantly illuminated, and about 9 o’clock a bust of Louis Philip was placed on the plat form, Where it was inaugurated amidst the applauding shouts of the people, and sur mounted with tri-colored flags. The fleurs-de-lis sculptured under the gal leries of the Exchange were on the 16th covered with plaster, and those in front of the Palais Royal were on the 17th ordered by the King to be removed in the course of the night. The Monitcur of February 16th contains a Iloval ordinance which provides that in fu ture the State Seal shall represent an open book, with the words “Charte de 1830,” sur mounted by a crown, with the sceptre and hand of justice crossed, and tri-colored flags behind the shield. Extract of a letter , dated Paris, Feb. 17, (evening.) After I scaled my despatch yesterday, I took a round through this metropolis.**** I then crossed the river, and proceeded in the direction of Notre Dame, where, if it were possible to be amused with desolation, there was a source of humor certainly provided for those who had a predisposition for mingling gaiety with sorrow—a kind of market was es tkblishcd for the edification of those who had destroyed the Archbishop’s palace, to enable them, after wantonly destroying the articles of value one evening, to buy up, amidst loud hilarity, the fragments of their pious labors on the next. Here were boatmen who had fish ed up some of the Archbishop’s books, con taining wet and torn leaves of folio volumes, the thick and splendid binding of which had resisted both the Vandals and elements. I examined several, and bought a few—one an illuminated Pentateuch, the splendid remains of which will, I fear, perish in mildew, in the attempt to extract the moisture. It was the boast of the venders of these articles that each book was torn and kicked before it was flung from the windows, so that the priests could no longer make use of it, to humbug the people. Bits of band and rent sacerdotal garments were handing about and selling as trophies of the Archbishop’s spoils for a few halfpence: and children were picking up out of smouldering piles little fragments, and re peating the coarse epithets which were in universal use around them. Drury Lane The atre after its conflagration did not exhibit a more complete ruin than does now’ the spaci ous palace, which was once that of the Arch bishops of Paris. Had the present prelate, and his curate of St. Germain l’Auxerrois, been tossed by the populace into the Seine, for permitting after due notice of the consequences, the celebra tion of a ceremony, which was inevitably cal culated, in the present temper of the times, to excite civil commotion, few people would, l believe, have swam to help them out of the water by their canonicals: but it is no tri umph to reflecting reason and truth to see the authorities wink at this wholesale devas tation of literature and the arts by a lawless mob; done, be it known, twice within 24 hours, the second visit being the fatal one in town, and under the eye of the municipal and military guardians of the public peace, and yesterday in the country, at the Archbishop’s beautiful seat of Conflans, where the work of demolition was likewise on repetition of the popular visit completed; but in complement to the arrival of the local guard, it was agreed that fire should not be applied to the walls ol a country seat, after It had been made a “shell” by dilapidation. The cry of the peo ple is, “In our hurry last July we forgot the priests, but their furn is now come, and we must not forget their acquittance.” The two Princes Schwartzenburg, and a crowd of mil itary gentlemen, were standing near a friend of mine, w hile the mob were pulling down the Archbishop’s palace, (town,) and they re marked that often as they had seen soldiers running in trenches, they never saw the work of battering executed with such signal rapid ity as it was then doing by the people, who were racing upon the roof of the palace like cats, perpetrating the general demolition. February 18.—I never saw so complete a ruin as the Prelate’s residence presents.— There is not a vestige of furniture, or of the rich ornaments of the State Apartments. The great suite of rooms occupied, I believe, by the Pope when he came to Paris to crown Na poleon, and then refitted at a most extravagant expense for his Holiness, presented a sad spectacle: of the rich crimson and green vel vet decorations of these apartments hardly a shred remained on the walls. Nothing but the bare walls remain in its place; and crowds were looking across the river at the good work of their hands with the liveliest satis faction. February 19.—The Prefect of Police pub lished an ordinance prohibiting mobs and tu multuous assemblies in the streets and public places, on pain of being dealt with according to the utmost rigor of the law. From the Gazette of France, Fi b. 18. The crisis is at hand. We can now say so. But for the National Guard the Republic would have been proclaimed yesterday in Paris; and what a Republic! Such a one as would have commenced in the devastation of the churches, the tearing down of the Cross, and violence against the Clergy. Wc must say, however, the Republican movement has gained ground in these latter days, for they have delivered up to it the insignia of religi on, and the emblems of royalty. Orders of the day addressed to the troops of the First Military Division. Soldiers! Do not listen to the perfidious insinuations of the enemies of the king and of liberty! Philip the First will know how to defend it, as he will the Crown which he has received from the nation. The criminal attempts of tho partizans of absolutism and of Charles X. will be -frustrated by your firm ness. You will be faithful to those oaths to which the French people have sworn, and the King will keep his. The enemies of the glorious Revolution of July are as much those of the King as they are ours; and he will put himself at your head to destroy them, if such adversaries etui make up their minds to fight. The Lieut, (federal, PAJOL. Paris, Feb. 19.—The image of our Saviour has been removed from all the apartments of the Palais de Justice. At 6 o’clock in the morning three blacksmiths were employed in removing the flours de-lis from the iron gates of the Palais de Justice. They have like wise been removed from all the other places inside of the Palais, where they had hitherto been suffered to remain. The Budget. —The French Minister has submitted the Budget to the Chamber of De puties. It amounts in English money, to £44,000,000, being one tilth more than is called for in ordinary years, and yielding a a surplus of 56,000,000 francs. “From the ordinary Budget,” said M. Lafittc, “we shall have 15,000,000 francs, and from the extra ordinary budget, 41,000,000. We have, be sides, a sinking fund of 81,000,000 francs; and yet our direct taxes will remain without any increase. We have also to announce to you that the indirect taxes have improved du ring the month of January, and produced an increase of 200,000,000 francs, notwithstand ing the reduction of duties. What strength and power for war, if,war should become in dispensable! What resources for rendering peace prolific, if we have the happiness to preserve it, of being able to employ the im mense capital we possess! Our armaments are sufficiently imposing to ensure peace, or to repel gloriously any aggression. We have a well founded hope that Europe will soon re duce her forces to their ordinary establish ment, and that we may also be at liberty to reduce ours to the scale which our safety and dignity may require in a state-of peace.” AFFAIRS OF POLAND. Warsaw, Feb. 7. —The day before yester day the Russians passed the frontiers in five places—Utcilug, Brzesc, Granoe, Tykoein, and Augusto. Hitherto there are only Cos sacks, who mark the movements of the army. At Utcilug some dragoons have entered, be longing to the corps of General Gcismar; his design seems to be to invest Zamore, and to advance into the plain country beyond the Vistula. The Russian main army advances on the line from Lomza and Brzesc. Up to this time there is no account of any fighting, for there were no troops on any part of the frontier. The first out-posts of our army are three leagues from Seidlee towards Brzesc, and on the line towards Lomza they are at Ostraimka. A great battle is expected by the 12th at farthest. Warsaw will soon be declared in a state of seige; the cannon already placed on the ramparts! It was not believed that Count Diebitsch would enter now, because if the first attack does not succeed he incurs great danger. If the thaw sets in the ice will dis appear, the rivers will overflow, and the low grounds in which he acts will become a com plete morass. His army advancing against us amounts to about 160,000 men. At pre sent we have to oppose him only 57,000 men in the field, and the patriotism of our people. The 17 new regiments of infantry are not yet organized. The organization of the cavalry is more advanced, and it will be complete and ready to take the field in a fortnight. From the Paris Messenger, Feb. 21. General Diebitsch has invaded Poland by a grand strategic movement, of which the aim and combination are as follows: The body of the Russian army enters at four points— Angustowa, Bialystok, Drohiciun, and Breck- Litewski, on a base of from sixty to eighty leagues. Two of these four divisions march towards Warsaw, to beseige it on the two sides of the Vistula. A third division appears des tined for the seige of Modlin, and the fourth to keep the country to protect these two sieg es. As to the forces of the Polish army, it appears that they have fallen back upon War saw and Mod fin; but it is probable that they will await the enemy in (me of the positions which cover the approaches to these places, and that the Russians will not be able to pass on without a battle. The Russians must have a fifth body to maintain the communications of the army with its depots and magazines of Lithunia; and they will require a sixth to oc cupy the provinces of Sandomir and Lublin, as well as to blockade the fortress of Zamosc. The principal points d'appui of the Poles ara Warsaw, Modlin, Plosk, Kalisch, Czeuth an, and Zarnosc. At the moment when the Russians entered, the two principal bodies of the Polish army were at Biula and at Lomza. The natural re treat of the forinet is upon Warsaw, that of the second on Modlin. The large national re serve was increased daily at Warsaw. The military dispositions assumed by the Poles are perfectly judicious. The more they concen trate their force the stronger they will be, whilst their enemy will be compelled to ar range themselves about them in a very exten ded circle. Modlin and Warsaw, 10 or 12 leagues from each other, and both on the Vistula; seem to us the real base of the Polish defence; the other points d’appui, more distant, should on ly serve to keep up the war of detail in the rear of the Russian army besieging Warsaw. From the Polish Frontiers , Feb. 9. * According to information worthy of credit, the Russian General Manderstierna, and his detachment, took possession on the 6th inst. of Angustowa, without striking a blow. London , Feb. 23. —We received last night Hamburgh papers to the 15th of February. They describe the enthusiasm in Poland as very great. An engagement of no great con sequence with the Russians seems to have taken place near Novogorod; but the Poles intend to have their grand struggle near War saw. They consider the early thaw as very much in their favor, as impeding the march of the Russian material. Tho spirit in Prus sian Poland is said to have evinced itself in the most decided manner in favor of the Poles* AFFAIRS OF ITALY. Paris, Feb. 21 —(News of the morning.) An express w hich left Bastia on he 12th cur rent, and arrived at Toulon on the 13th, bro’t the news that the kingdom of Naples, the whole of Boinagna, the Duchies ol Lucca and Piombino, the Duchy of Modena, and almost the whole of Tuscany, were in a state of in surrection, and that Italian tri-colors were every where hoisted without opposition. It is also said that an extraordinary courier ar rived yesterday at Marseilles, who brought the intelligence of an open revolution-at Genoa where the troops had taken tire side of the people. _ London, Feb. 21.— The Italian patriots have proclaimed the “Union of Italy. ? 1S said that the insurrection has extended so tar south as Civita Veschia, and one letter states that the tri-color floats on the cupola of bt. Peter’s at Rome. The Bolognese Provision al Government has issued a proclamation, headed “Liberty, Independence, and bnion, in which it is said that “all Italians will jom to deliver their beautiful country from the de grading yoke of foreigners.” St. Esprit-Bayonne, Lower Pyrenees , Feb. 14. Spain is rapidly arming all its frontier towns, which received reinforcements of troops from the inilitia, the recruiting ot which is going on with activity. It is atfirm ed, however, that the Spanish nation wishes for peace. El Pastor is still at Cumbo. No other Spanish chief shows himself. “The price of Liberty is eternal vigilance.” From the Georgia Journal. “REDUCTION.” We sh;lH not cease to place before the people of Georgia, the policy and necessity of a reduc tion in the number of members of the Legisla ture, until we, and a large majority of the citi zens, have accomplished the object wc have in view, or until a convention of the people shall havf! decided upon the question. The impor tance of the subject is a sufficient apology for a gain urging it upon the consideration ot the peo ple. The subject is of vital interest to the rising generation, because the effects of our legislation, at the present time, will be sensibly felt hereafter Ifeurfegislation is prudent and wise, the rising generation, which will be essentially benefitted, w jfl bless us for it; if we continue to have such a tjuinerous body of legislators, who every year devour a large portion of the best substance of the people, without giving an equivalent; if we continue to pursue those measures which para lyze the resetirces of the State, and to squander the means and inheritance we are bound by ths laws of nature, to leave unincumbered, if not im proved, to our children ; instead of blessing us, the rising generation will curse us, and execrate our legislative misdeeds. A large majority of the people of Georgia have spoken at the election in October last: \\ hy have not their will been attended tol Why have their desires been disregarded by the last Legislature ? It is seriously to be hoped, that the voice of the majority will not be disobeyed with impunity, and that those who have treated with contempt the wishes of their constituents, will meet, and have met, that displeasure which they deserve. Asa large majority of the people have spoken at the election in October last, in a manner not to be misunderstood i and a9 consis tency and perseverance are two characteristic vir tues of the people of Georgia, it is certainly nat tural to infer that this majority is still for reduc tion ; and being still for reduction, it would seem superfluous or unnecessary, at the present, time to ifdvanm arguments, and bring forward statements and calculations in support of an opin ion publicly and solemnly declared through the ballot box. It would indeed be superfluous and unnecessary, if the subject was of minor im portance ; but as the future welfare of Georgia is involved in the decision of the question, it must have led to further reflections; and it should be therefore, the duty of citizens to communicate the result of those reflections: and to place before the public any new circumstance which every new year cannot fail to produce against a large legisla tive body. But it seems that the legislature, ow ing to the defects of its composition, as will be made manifest hereafter cannot be depended upon to operate a reduction in legislative representation and that the people will have to take the subject into their own hands, call a convention, to change the constitution in those features whiclrrequire a mendment; therefore we have thought it proper to place before the public, some statements, ac companied with a few explanatory- remarks, .res pecting the subject, which may have seme influ ence with those citizens who are not yet fully convinced of the necessity of reduction, and voted against such a measure in October last: The people generally and especially those who are oposed to reduction, should keep in mind,that the large number of senatoTs and representatives, of which our legislature is composed, have produ ced, and will continue to produce, if their number is not curtailed, two great evils. First, bad legis lation—undigested laws—imprusent and injurious measures. Secondly, a wasteful expenditure of the public money. Many instances can be cited of bad legislation and of undigested, partial and injurious laws hav ing been enacted by several and different legisla tures. One striking instance occurred at the last session. A bill was passed to extend the time for fortunate, drawers in the land lotteries of 1818, 1819, and 182i, to take out their grants. Well, a few days after the bill had passed both houses, and been sanctioned by the Governor, a bill was introduced, which became a law, to amend and ex plain the 3rd section of the act passed a few days before. But on the question of bad legislation, the opponents of reduction agree with us, that if the number of our legislators could be curtailed,with out depriving the small counties of the preponde rating influence they possess in the legislature, better acts would be drafted than can be reasona bly expected from such unwieldly bodies as the Senate and I louse of Representatives of the State of Georgia. The Legislature of 1832, will be composed of at least 78 senators and 161 repre sentatives, if no new counties are organized at the next session, making an aggregate number of 239 members. But it is not our object in this paper to consider the subject under the point of view just stated. We shall hereafter give some remarks on the bad legislation produced by too numerous a body of legislators. Our aim at pres ent is to consider the subject as involving unne cessary expenses, producing thereby a wasteful expenditure of the public money, and as leading the resources and present means of the state to complete ruin. By giving a brief but we believe fair statement and estimate of the means Georgia i possesses, of lie sources of revenue, for the pres ent and next jmar, and of the permanent and ne cessary expenses of the government, we shall be able to determine whether the means, resources, and revenue of Georgia, can meet the expendi tures, without encroaching on the capital invested in bank stock, and without saddling the people with a heavy tax. There was in the treasury, on the 31st, October IS3O, a balance of * $189,000 Deduct Stattrßank Stock, receiv ed from the Commissioners of the Ocdfcee River, and included in the statement of the Treasurer 10,000 Actual Balance, $179,000 The receipt for the balance of the tax of 1899, for the tax of 1830, and balances of taxes of preced ing years, yet due estimated at 50,000 Dividends on Dank Stock, 63,000 Tax on Dank Stock, vendue tax, and tax on pedlres, 28,000 Fees on grants, 10,000 Estimated receipts, for 18jH,.inch||fc ding the balance remaining or*? the 31st October, ld3o. The expenditures are estimate. Legislative sessions of 1839 and 1 Civil establishment to Jan 1, iy32p fc Boor School and Academic Funds, Printing fund and road fund, 40,bo<L Penitentiary fund, . B,oo^ Protection of the Mines 20,00(N Sundry appropriations, 5,000 Surveying Cherokee land and mis ceHanecus expenses. 30,000 $323,000 E stimated balance in the Treasury on the 31st Dec. 1831, ! 19,540 •342,540 Before we proceed to estimate sie fiscal opera tions of the year 1832, it is properto observe, that the profits of the Central Bank, imder the present organisation of the government, cannot meet the large draft a upon the public treasure which tjiat . organization necessarily leads to. The Central Bank has done as well as, and even better than could be expected. That Bank ftiust be left alone if we wish to accomplish the objects of its insti tution. But even ifwe were to call upon that establishment for assistance, we should have to stop its operation*, and then to draw upon its caj*- ital for assistance needed: all this can be ascer tained by taking a view of the condition of the Bank on the first Nov. 1830. The capital stock on that iky consisted of ths following Items : Bask. Stock, of the State Bank, Planters, Au gusta and Darien Banks, I%ooo' shares, which cannot he touched, because the dividends are pledged to the support of ptdblic education, freo schools, academies and internal improvements. This stock amounts to, $1,005,000 Of this thp.Sum of $250,00(1 is for free schools, $250,000 fir county academies, andMoOOjOOOfor inter nal improvement' United States Stock, which can bo disposed of $3,997 Stock in the Altamaha Canal Com k pany, for which the State may never receive a cent of interes*, and get back a cent of (he Stoek. 44,000 Lent to the same Company, which may never be returned* 50,000 Bonds, notes, and other specialities part of which may be collected, and part never. $201,251 Notes discounted by the Bank, se cured by but which can be collected only when due, 20 per cent per auuunp according to law.* 720*523 $,2027,771 The Cash account of the Bank stands thus : Cash on hand Nov. 1, IS3X $103,017 Due by other banks 26,150 $429,097 From which must b* deducted— Deposite at the erode it of the Treasurer 129,471 Of individuals 21,221 Notes of the Bank In circulation, 146,742 ' 297,434 Leaving a balance on the Ist Nov. 1330, of disposable funds of $131,663 Bat since that time, the Bank has paid $lO, 000 to the University, and made considerable collections, which, with the balance on hand November 1, 1830, have enabled the directors to loan out last month the sum of S3OO ; so that at present there can be no available funds an hand, until collections are made ; and as soon as col lections are made, if the bank continue to pro ceed in its operations, as pointed out in the act of incorporation, they will be loaned out again U> the people ; the Bank should never have large balauces remaining idle in the vaults. We shall now proceed to estimate the fisaal operations for the year 1832. The estimated balance in the Treasury on the Ist January 1832, from which will have to be de ducted the expenses for taking the census is §20,000 The receipt for the tax of 1831, and collected in 1832, will not ekceed $40,000, tar by a law of last session the State tix was reduced 25 per cent. Say $40,000 Bividendspn Bank stock, 65,000 Tax on Bank Stock, on Pedlers,and vendue ta<j 25,000 Fees onjgrants, &c. #IO,OOO $ ICO,OOO The expenditures are estimated thus ! Legislative session of 1832, 239 members, at least", $75,000 Civil establishment, &c, 40.000 Poor sehotjs and academic funds 40,000 Printing fund, miscellaneous ex peu. ei, 15,000 $170,000 Tills statement shows a deficit in the receipts pf the year 1839, to meet the estimated expendi tures, of SIO,OOO, and without taking into ac count any appropriation for the roads, or for de fraying the expense of keeping a guard in the Cherokee Territory, and without including any incidental expenses. It may ha said that the .State owns one million dollars of bank stock. True ; but the proceeds of thir stock are pledged for public education, free schools particularly, and for internal im provement, and cannot be appropriated for any other objeci, without a breach of tlie public faith. It may be said also, that a vast-amount is due by individual to tlie State. True ; but can tins vast amovflt be made available at any moment 1 Tiie Stab could perhaps collect enough to meet th® current expenses of the government for seve ral years," but how long will this vast amountof debt due .the State last ? Besides, after the CherokeijTerritory is obtained, and organized in counties will not all the funds which will be at the ’disp>*ol of the Staid bo needed for internal improvement in roads, canals, &c. Unless wo dimiuisi/our expenses, in which case the State tax, ant the interest of the capital owned by the State, efier as bank stock or as notes, bonds &c. will be sufficient to meet all demands, we will have toJraw on that capital; and from the moment we brew in upon it, there will be no stopping, tlie ruUjof the State may be expected, its credit will btjost, and the people will have to he load ed win tuxes in order to meet the necessary and unavailable expenses of the government. We rrfust pot deceive ourselves ; this state of things w ill certainly happen, if we do not in time (Xt rcise economy and curtail our legislative expenses, ity reducing the number of membefs in both branches of the general assembly, we shall Curtail an item of unnecessary expenses, andja,remove a crying evil in our system of Le gislkaon. Tie Secretary of the Slate of Pennsylvania has jailed proposals fora loan of $2,493,161, reimifrsahle at any time after the year 1856, and 0 hear an interest not exceeding fivo per ink