Newspaper Page Text
ADVICE OF A FATHER
TO A DAUGHTER.
A young lady in acquiring an education,
should strive to cultivate those faculties, and
obtain those accomplishments, which the
character of the times demand. Hence, you
will observe, that the greater advance of re
finement, and the improved spirit of the
times, demand more exertions in order to go
the whole round of the sciences. Once it was
sufficient in our country for a young lady to
know howto read and write; but these*two
acquisitions would not now entitle her to that
standing which she would covet. The truth
is, all of us, male and female, have double the
quantity to learn that our parents had; and
when I see the vast amount of necessary
knowledge, and a prolific press, I am almost
tempted to give up in despair. But experi
ence teaches one, that no person is capable
of judging of his abilities to obtain a given
amount of knowledge till he has made an at
tempt.
I apprehend every young lady who lays
claim toany ambition, will feel desirous of a
general acquaintance with the literature of
the day. A love of reading of course should
be cultivated. A thousand reasons I might
suggest for creating a love of books. They
pass off evenings agreeably; they beguile the
idle hours that every young lady has; they
destroy a relish for scandal, by giving nobler
purposes to the thoughts; they make home
pleasant, and keep young ladies from the
street; and often they furnish topics for con
versation, comparison of thoughts, reviews
of others’ opinions, and materials for further
improvement. But I need not stop to bestow
a eulogy on books. I should only labor to
prove what every body would grant without
any proof. There is, however, great danger
that a young lady may not read the right
kind of books. There is danger of pedantry,
of affectation, of elevation above the duties of
life, of engrossing too much upon the time due
to other occupations ; and, above all, of feed
ing the imagination with a sickly food that
unfits it for society or domestic enjoyment.—
I know not how or why it happens, but nov
els are the order of the day. In our public
and private libraries they are in great demand.
In all eur libraries it will be found that novels
are used, worn and thummed, while works
of greater value, and oftener of far deeper in
terest, arc totally neglected. There is no
reason in all this. Novels arc useful in their
place; but a well regulated taste will find
more fascination in the discovery of some
truth heretofore unknown, or more delight in
the history of real life, that in any romance.
Besides, I question much whether such nour
ishment for the mind docs not enfeeble it: I
doubt whether the intellect that is fed upon
-fiction, has that nerve which will qualify it
for any useful purpose ; I doubt whether the
imagination is not too much enkindled, so
that the consequences are exhibited in an in
creased sensibility that deranges the system,
and excites the nerves. To® much horror
cannot be expressed against that system of
education, which allows young ladies to de
vote whole nights to the perusal of some new
novel ;or which, dur ; ng the day keeps them
in an alarming excitement, and leaves their
nerves when retired to bed in so much agi
tation as to take away all sleep. In our fash
ionable boarding schools, it is too often the
practice with young ladies to sit a great part
of many nights in alarming proximity to some
highly heated fire, or to take some favorite
novel to their beds, and to read it through
there. I have seen beautiful and once intel
lectual girls, whose minds were wholly dis
ordered by such practices as these. Reason
had deserted its throne, and a sickly sensi
bility reigned in Its stead. Domestic -*ife,
domestic occupations, or historical facts, were
too common-place for their attention. They
were like the opium eaters, and could not be
wrought upon but by extraordinary excite
ment.
But there is romance in history. There is
a charm mingled with profit. Tell me where
there is more interest than in the history of
Asia, or in the history of Greece and Rome,
or in the history of the Crusades, or in the
settlement of our own country, or in the wars
that have agitated Europe for centuries past ?
There is Roman chivalry, patriotism—what
ever you wish—of deeper and more stirring
interest than the best wrought tale that ever
carried ov< r its front the stamp of probabili
ty. In sciences there are other motives of
equal interest. Every thing is full of inter
est ; the air we breaththe earth we trample
over, the food we eat, the construction of our
bodies, the sea about us, and the sky over
■our heads. A well regulated taste will find
enough to read and think of here, without re
sorting to artificial stories.
I am, however, not so much of a puritan as
to condemn all novels ; 1 advise you to read
some of them,but to make your selection with
great care. Among the superabundant pro
ductions of the press, which throws one or
more novels into the market every week, it is
often very difficult to make a selection. Per
haps the better course is to take the advice
of some friend, whose superior acquaintance
with books gives him the ability to judge of
their merits. By adopting such advice, you
will save the trouble and expense of much
useless reading; and not incumber your mind
with matter of no earthly use. Anil reinem- 1
her here, that it is not the quantity you read, I
which istc give you instruction, but the man-1
r.cr—a remark which is more applicable to I
historical and scientific works than to novels. |
Think, think, think, apd do not be the mere j
receptacle efoth vs' thoughts, fur it is thought
that ennobles the mind, and gives jiowcr to'
the reader. Yet have none of that ostentn- j
n, and o lrlity of mind, which many so fool-j
r.;hlv all" ct, m< rtdy todistingur-h themselves
tram oitu r —a distinction which they covet,
but which they are unable t>* attain by any
;:r.-eminent i \ocih.nce, and hence they re
rt to extraordinary mcan3, the common tesay
of a vulgar soul.
INCREASE OF THE NUMBERS OF
MANKIND.
On the imposition that the human race has
avow el U i; lblo its numbers four times iri a
c ntury, ct cure in each succeeding period of
t.vaily.fivrf --ars, as some philosophers have
4 s i that nohing prevented <L r
THE MACON ADVERTISER, AND AGRICULTURAL AND MERCANTILE INTELLIGENCER.
exercise ol this power of increase, the de
scendants of Noah and his family would have
now increased to the following number ;
1,496,577,676,626,844,588,240,573,263,701
473,812,127,674,924,007,424.
The surface of the earth \
contains, of square > 196,003,355
miles )
Mercury, and all the 1
other planets, contain > 46,790,511,000
* about y
The sun contains 2,442,900,000,000
2,489,887,174,355
Ilcncc, upon the supposition of such a rate of
increase of mankind as has been assumed, the
number of human beings now living would
be equal to the following number for each
square mile upon the surface of the earth, the
sun, and all the planets, 61,062,000,000,000
000,090,000,000,000,000,000,000; or, to the
following number for each square inch—l 49,
720,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000. This
last number alone is infinite with relation to
human conception. Merely to count it would
require an incredible period. Supposing the
whole inhabitants now upon the surface of
the globe to be one thousand millions, which
is believed somewhat to exceed the actual
number, and supposing that this multitude,
infants and adults, were to be employed in
nothing else but counting, that each were to
work 365 days in the year, and 10 hours in
the day, and to count 100 per minute, it would
require, in order to count the number in ques
tion, 0,536,500 millions of years.
Quarterly Journal of Agriculture.
Philip Thicknesse, in one of his publica
tions, tells the following anecdote with much
pleasantry, and very politely conveys a modest
hint to young ladies.
When I was a young man, says he, I often
visited a distant relation, to whom I and my
family had been muds obliged. This gentle
man had nine agreeable, nay beautiful daugh
ters, who had often entertained me with the
slipslop conv< rsation of a rich, but low, un.
bred woman, their neighbour, whose hus
band being appointed high-sheriff, occasion
ed her to talk much to these ladies about the
Grand Shcrifl’Dinner she was to give. ‘lam
determined (said she) to have no custards, I
must have cheese-cakes, and if I have cheese
cakes, I must have jellies, if jellies, fruits,’dec.
As I usually spent my Christmas at the
country- seat of this friend, with his lovely
family, there sometimes arose a kind of merri
ment, called Christmas gambols, questions
and commands, &c. Now these innocent
sports led the gentlemen sometimes to salute
the young ladies all round—a pleasure in
which 1 alone, who perhaps, loved them best,
always declined partaking. This shyness in
me so unaccountable to them, that they one
and all seized an occasion to rally me for pos
sessing a maumis hunt, so contrary to the eti
quette at that time of the year. I confessed
the force of the charge, and fully acknowl
edged my guilt, adding, that the only excuse
that I could offer was, that if I had custards, I
must have cheese-cakes, if cheese-cakes, jel
lies, if jellies, fruits, and if—in short, before I
had half done with my ifs, they all run away,
and left me in the field of battle, and never
rallied to make an attack on me again.
j.i. — _ - -'1 lj
•aum iKKiiAtriia,)
To the Editor of the N. Y. Christian Intelligencer.
A visit to the condemned criminals, Gibbs and
Wansley~-by a Layman.
Sir — l have just returned from visiting
Gibbs, alias Jeffers, and Wansley,now under
the fearful sentence of the law lor the atro
cious crimes of piracy and murder, and, by
the time your readers will have perused this
article, those wretched criminals will have
expiated their enormous offences against so
ciety by a premature anti ignominious death.
I was not led to seek an interview with those
unhappy men, with any such view as that of
gratifying a morbid curiosity. It was the first
time in my life, (not a short one,) that I ever
sought or was present on a similar occasion
arid surely, to every mind of sensibility, such'
a scene cannot hut be painful in the extreme.
The reflection that two human beings; in the
vigour of health and the meridian or their
days—for they have scarcely reached half the
period which the Creator has been pleased to
assign as the continuance of human life—
were in the course of three short days to ter
minate their earthly career by the hand of
justice—was so painful, that even after I had
reached the prison, I hesitated to encounter
so distressing an interview.
After remaining some time in the keeper’s
room, I at length resolved to see them, and
was accordingly, first introduced into Wans
ley’s cell. This man, 1 had before seen,
when on his trial for the crimes with which
he was charged—a trial, which excited so in
tense an interest in the public mind—and
from the issue of which, he is now about to
sutler the penalty of the law. On that occa
sion, I could not but be struck with his gener
al appearance and the symmetry of his well
proportioned person—and I particularly ob
served his countenance and behavior. His
complexion is that of a light mulatto, and the
general cast of his features and physiognomy
approach but little towards those which dis
tinguish the African race. He is about five
feet ton inches in height—his well l;nit limbs
convey the idea of great per-or.al strength,
and I have no hesitation in saying tiiat I have
seen but few persons of any color who to niv
mind bear a more striking resemblance to the
statue of the* Apollo Beividcre, which 1 have
seen, and which has been considered as the
most perfect model of manly beauty.
After spending some time with Wansley,
and addressing to him a few observations,
such as I deemed suited to his present condi
tion, and imploring in his behalf, the God of
all grace, in whose hands arc the issues of life
and of death, that He would be pleased to
cau3e this, his “dark night of affliction to be
come the tluwn of a bright morning, yea, the
brightt at his eyes have ever seen,’’ I depart
ed highly gratified with my visit, and under
a feeling of pleasing emotion? arising from a
conviction that there was a well founded as
surance of hope in this case.
After a short interval, 1 was introduced to
and immediately left alone with Ginns. Here,
in hij cell, whhih* considering the,
awful condition of civil death in which he
was piaced, I could not help regarding as a
living grave—l had for the first time a full
view of that guilty, and most extraordinary
character Charles Gibbs—-alias J. Jeffers. 1
say, the first time, I had a full view of him,
because, although I had before suen him
when on his trial, yet on ihat occasion, I had
but a momentary and imperfect glance at his
countenance.
Gibbs , (for by that name, he is now best
know n to the public,) is certainly one of the
most singular and mysterious beings that ever
figured on the theatre of human life. If an
estimate be formed of his character, from the
account which he himselfhas furnished on his
iniquitous career, it would appear to be one
of his unmixed evil. Indeed, were that ac
count strictly true, his whole life would be a
contradiction of the sentiment of the poet—
that
“Commixed the seeds in ev’ry breast are sown,
And mortal,/! end, or angel ne’er was known.”
If that account be true, he presents a strik
ing personification of all those vicious propen
sities and enormous crimes which the apostle
enumerates as being charasteristic of the nat
ural man and the unregenerate heart, and
which he emphatically describe as being
earthly, sensual and devlish.
It will, however, be asked, is the narrative
which lie has drawn up himself and related
to others, of his enormously wicked career, a
statement of facts entitled to credit? This is
a question which cannot now be satisfactorily
answered, and probably never will be until
the coming of that day when the secrets of all
hearts will be disclosed. It is true, that some
of the particulars related by Gibbs, such as
his having been during the late war on board
of the Hornet and the Chesapeake, have been
proved not to be true, and he has admitted that
part of his statement to he a falsehood. This
discrepancy, though it docs not relat® to the
most important points in the case, is doubtless
calculated, as it has already done, to cast a
cloud of suspicion around the whole of his
story.
To this cause, is in a great measure to be
attributed the great diversity of opinion, in
relation to the history of Gibbs and the extent
of his crimes.
The circumstance most difficult to be ac
counted for, is this, that if the narrative which
this unhappy man has given of his dreadful
course, he not true, that he should volunteer
to tell of the commission of crimes, which he
had not perpetrated. For his piracy and
murder on board the Vineyard, he was about
to be tried, and knew full well he would be
found guilty. Upon what principle that or
dinarily governs mankind, even those of the
most hardened and obdurate, could he act, by
seeking to increase the public horror of his
crimes, and their indignation against him, by
adding to the list of dreadful deeds he had
actually perpetrated, others, which had no
existence but in his own murderous imagina
tion—surely it might with truth be said of
him,
“His different acts without their cause appear,
’Tvvas there a crime, it seemed a madness here.”
On this subject there are various and con
flicting opinions—l have mine ; it is one
which 1 formed first seeing Gibbs on his trial,
but I do not deem this the proper time to pub
lish it to the world.
It was mentioned to me by a respectable
and intelligent friend, that Gibbs ainongoth
er things had stated that he was in possession
of facts respecting persons and circumstances
the knowledge of which would be important
to our government and useful to society.—
Some circumstances connected with our in
tercourse with the West Indies, had long
since come to my knowledge, and which I
was led to suppose might in some wav be con
nected with those to which he alluded, and
this was what principally led me to seek an
interview, in the hope that I might elicit
something from him on the subject, that might
be useful to lhe United States and the world.
Accordingly, in due time, and after I had
endeavored to prepare his mind for receiving
the proposition, I observed to him in sub
stance, and as nearly as I can recollect, in the
very words I used, as follows:—Gibbs, you
are now sensible, and as I understand, you
fully and frankly admit that your life has been
stained by the commission of great crimes a
gainst society, and many violations of the laws
of God—l am much gratified to hear you say,
that notwithstanding your consciousness of
your great and aggravated guilt, you do not
despair of your obtaining the pardon and for
giveness of your offended Creator—in a very
short time you must appear before His awful
and righteous tribunal. Now, as you hope
for mercy from that God whose laws you have
violated by the numerous injuries you have
done to your fellow creatures, is it not well
worthy your consideration—and I now at this
awful period solemnly put it to you—that you
should, while yet you have time, make the
only reparation now in your power to make, to
the community you have so much injured, by
furnishing such disclosures respecting those
guilty men with Whom you have been associ
ated, as may be calculated to prevent in fu
ture a repetition of their crimes against so
ciety. For how can you, Gibbs, hope for
mercy from God—should you still resolve to
conceal the names of your criminal compan
ions, who in consequence of that conceal
ment will no doubt go on to add murder to
murder and crime to crime, after you have
passed into nn awful eternity. I here stop
ped and waited for his reply, strictly observ
ing the effect those observations might make
on his mind ;uul feelings—and I shall not soon
forget his whole appearance and manner at
that interesting moment —for I could not but
observe the conflicting feelings by which he
appeared to be agitated—and which were
evinced hy his hurried and fitful glances.
After a few moments hesitation, and an
evident effort to become calm and collected,
he observed, Sir, I have bound myself by the
most awful and solemn obligations, and which
I have confirmed by an oath on the Bible,
that 1 never would disclose the names of mv
associates. From this erroneous refuge, be
hind which he appeared inclined to entrench
himself, l used a variery of arguments, (which
my time, and the limits of your journal will
not allow me to enumerate,) to remove them,
and I hope not altogether without effect—for,
although he would not promise, vet, he inti-
mated that he might be induced in some way
to afford some information on the subject—l
then, soon after left him.
Of Wansley I think it might with truth be
said, that he exhibits the distinguished marks
of areal and sincere penitent—of that strange
and singularly anomalous character Gibbs,
I know not what opinion to form, and there
fore shall not express any. K.
“ The Herald of a noisy world.”
Three Days Later from England.
New York, April 25.
Yesterday we received by the packet ship
Caledonia Capt. Graham, from Liverpool,
London papers to March 31st. Liverpool,
to April first, Lloyd’s Lists and London Ship*
ing to the 39th March, and Liverpool Price
Currents to April Ist. the day ate r sailing.
The nobility and their dependents in Po
dolia had risen en masse in favor of Poland,
and had collected a body of cavalry of 15,000
men, which had advanced to Raminion, and
joined in with the forces there ; in conse
quence of which Gen Kreutz has retreated.
! Dates from Warsaw are to the 15th of March.
The Russians were inactive, and intended to
await the favourable season. It is stated in
a letter, from a Russian officer, of a late date,
that the country in the rear of the Russians
was laid entirely waste by the Poles, The
insurrection in Palonia, it is said, will prove
of considerable assistance to the Poles. The
Emperor, it is also said, has formed a provis
ional government for Poland at Petcrsburgh,
while Dicbitsch is Governor General? The
troops fighting against the Poles arc described
as principally of the Finnish, Tartar and Mus
covite races, and the officers stupid and igno
rant.
France. —The French government were
about raising a large sum by loan for the ex
igencies of the times, in order to prepare for
war, if war should occur.
England. —The British Parliament were
about to adjourn on the 12th of April. On
the 18th it was expected that the second read
ing of the Reform Bill would take place.
The subject of Reform was frequently
brought, in one siiapc or another, before both
Houses of Parliament. On the 28tii of March
Lord Wharncliff moved in the House of Peers
for a return of the population of the various
counties, cities,towns & boroughs,in England
and'Wales, upon the plan of the census of
1829, This brought on a long and earnest
debate, in which the Ministerial Peers took
part; and tha Duke of Wellington said. “He
did not think the representation of the country
could be changed.” A similar debate oc
curred in the House of Commons the presen
tation of a petition from the University of
Cambridge, praying that great care might be
used in extending the privilege of voting, so
that it should not be placed in the hands of
those who had no stake in the nation.
Italy —Tke Austrian troops have entered
Bologna; but that place, according to an ac
count before us, was evacuated by the patriots
because they did not wish to expose an un
fortified city to an assault.
A protest is said to have been sent by
France to Austria, against her interference in
Italy ; the reply to which was looked for with
great interest. It would seem that the pat
riots are waiting anxiously for support from
the French, w ithout which, we presume noth
ing of importance will be done.
Spain. —From what little is to be found in
our papers in relation to Spain, it appears that
the late feeble attempts at revolution have
proved abortive.
London, March 30.—Yesterday we receiv
ed German papers to the 24th instant. The
accounts which these papers give of the state
ofaffairs in Poland, near the two opposite
qualities of good and bad—good, as respects
the Poles, inasmuch as a rising in Podolia,
these brave people will be enabled to offer an
increased show of resistance against their
merciless invaders. The nobility and their
dependants in Podolia, have, it is said, risen
cn masse, and assembled 15,000 cavalry,
which force advanced to Rarniniez, the cap
ital, and disarmed a Russian regiment of in
fantry. Dweinicki, who seems to possess
some excellent abilities as a tactician and
warrior, will no doubt improve the advanta
ges which this accession of strength gives
him. The formidable display made by the
united force has induced General Kreutz to
retreat. The bad accounts to which we al
lude, are contained in the intelligence from
the frontiers of Russia, w hich state that the
Emperor has named Field Marshall Dicbitsch
Governor General of Poland, and has appoin
ted a Polish Provisional Government, which
holds its sittings at St. Petersburgh. These
appointments are hailed as omens of the cle
mency of the Emperor, and as proof that he
docs not intend to incorporate Poland with
Russia. This may be so, but they at the
same time time show the confidence which
his Majesty has in the strength and power of
of his own armies,and of the almost utter hope
lessness of the Polish cause. The account
speaks of the disappointment which has been
experienced at the tardiness with which the
Imperial justice has as yet been administered
to the refractory Poles. What idea the folks
upon the frontiers of Russia may have of Im
perial justice we know not, but in this quar
ter of Europe, the conduct of Russia towards
Poland is not a fair sample of it.
Frontiers of Poland, March 13.—The
situation of Warsaw must appear inexplicable
to any one acquainted with the spirit of the
inhabitants and the firm character of Gen.
Skrzynccki. The removal of the Diet to
Micchew a town near the Austrian frontier,
will certainly be considered abroad as a sure!
presage of the speedy fall of Warsaw : How-!
ever, it is precisely the knowledge which the !
Diet has ol the means of defence which the I
capital possesses, that has induced the mem
bers to resolve on quitting it to go elsewhere
and organize the means of resistance. Its j
presence, in the palatine of Cracow, which is
very populous, will haste n the arming of the j
militia. The Diet could in no case expose •
itself or ho shut up in a besieged cily, and
thus make the fate of all Poland depend on
that of the Capital. The Secretary of the Mi
li'.stec of the Interor has goiu to Mieci'cw,
be fore the Diet. He has already taken mea
sures to have 25,000 uniforms made at Cra
cow, It is honed that within a fortnight l ' J .-
009 recruits may be collected to that part of
the country, who will soon be able to join the
army. It is also hoped the population of the
country on the left bank of the Vistula will
soon partake the enthusiasm of the inhabi
tants, and that the Diet will thus be able to
prolong its existence, even should Warsaw
fall into the hands of the enemy. But it seems
to expect that Warsaw will be obstinately de
fended—Brussel Papers, March 26.
It is affirmed that the Ambassadors of the
Foreign Powers assembled yesterday at the
residence of the President of the Council
with the view of inducing him to suppress
the Patriotic Association, which they consid
er as inimical to their Royal Masters, end
that they assured the President of the Coun
cil that war would be inevitable, unless this
request were complied with, and the most vi
gorous measures adopted for that purpose. It
is also said that they expressed their dis
satisfaction at the circular issued by the Pres
ident of the Council, characterizing it as
weak and inefficient—La Revolution.
Ex tracts from Warsaw papers of the 15tk.
Field-Marshall Diesbitch having, with his
own hands, pulled the different orders of me
rit gained on the field of battle off the breast
of Major Kiiverski, who had been severely
wounded and made prisoner, the Major, in
cousequence of such an insult, being hurt to
the extreme, answered with dignity to the
Marshall, “ You may take upon yourself to
have us shot, but do not dishonor us, for when
a nation declares war upon another, there are
no rebels.” The Field Marshall, enraged at
such an answer, ordered his Cossacks to take
the prisoners into the interior. The Gene
ral Gerztenweig having met them, added his
insults to the former one ; and his soldiers
threw mud and stones at them, and forced
them into rooms covered with blood, and
where a number of dead and living Russians
lay; there they were obliged to pass the
night, without any kind of assistance, & after
having given them some few dry biscuits,
without any distinction to rank, they were
driven along on foot, to Minsk.
Warsaw, March 14.—After the departure
of the corps under command or Gen. Dwer
nicki, the Russians made a second entry into
the Town of Pulway on the 9th instant. Hu
manity is struck wrth the atrocious horrors
committed a second time by these Russians
upon the unfortunate inhabitants. After ha
ving pillaged and completely destroyed Pnl
way, they forced away with them several of
the inhabitants, on which unfortunate beings,
they committed the most violent acts of bar
barism ever heard of in the civilized world.
Among these unfortunate persons were Gme
whowski and Szinidt; and the deputy-con
stable, Niestoroweiz, and another the name
unknown to the eye-witness. After their
suffering the most dreadful punishment, their
eyes were pushed out, until death put them
out of reach of further torments, which other
wise they would have had to have undergone
from the hands of those barbarians.
London, March 28. — At a late hour this
morning we received the Hamburgh Repor
ter of Friday last. It gives an extract from
the Prussian State Gazette of Thursday, which
states that the village of Maluszyn a detach
ment of about 1,000 Polish militia-men was
attacked by four squadrons of Russian lancers:
200 men, including six officers, were taken
prisoners; 300 are described to have been
drowned in endavoring to escape across the
river, and the remainder to have been killed,
or to have perished in the flames! Lublin has
again fallen into the hands of the Russians,
after having on a former occasion expelled
the garrison left there by General Kreutz.
The defence of the inhabitants appears to
have been gallant in the extreme, and it was
not till the dismounted cavalry of the Rus
sians had forced the barricades in the streets,
that the inhabitants submitted.
Yrom the Gazette elc France, March 30.
M. Casimir Perrier, President of the Cou
coll, announced to day that it was the inten
tion of the Minister of France, to apply to
the Chamber on the follow ing day for a new T
credit of one hundred millions. After the
speech of M. Perrier, he returned to his seat,
he was surrounded by a large group of Dep
uties. Tt is said that M. Manguin, who was
amongst the number, asked M. Perrier wheth
er it was true that 30,000 men of the Confed
eration of the Rhine were now marching
against the province cf Luxembourg. The
President of the Council, it is aded, remark
ed that France was preparing to support, un
der all circumstances, her pretensions either
in the North or South.”
From a Paris paper of Wednesday.
It is now beyond doubt that the Austrians
entered Bologna on the 20th inst.
The Provisional Government and the Ital
ian patriots had made up their minds, from the
first instant, to retire upon the approach of the
enemy, so as not to expose an open city to
the horrors ef xvar.
All those who could bear arms have retired
to the Appenines, the narrow passes of which
may easily be made the scene of desperate
resistance.
It would appear that the entrance of the Aus
trians was determined upon in conseqncnce
of the attempts of the patriots, who, accor
ding to a letter from Vienna, made an attack
upon Rome on the 9th, but were repulsed.
.It was affirmed vcsteiday that a diplomatic
note had been addressed to the Austrian Cab
inet, intimatingthat France would not tolerate
any longer the occupation of Bologna by-
Austrian troops.
LONDON. March 20.
It is stated that several expresses had been
received from Paris, bringing intelligence j
that an army of 100,000 men, under the com-!
taand of Gen. Girald, had received orders to
march against the Austrians.
Fifty students of the University of Paris
left that city in one day to join the Poles.
Pome. —We copy the following passages
relating to the commencement of the revolu
lionary movements in Romo, from the letter !
oi a young gentleman; published in Baltimore
Gazette, under date of February 12th nine
o’clock at night.
“I am just from a walk along tho Corso, in
company with seven or eight -Americans, and
have encountered a strong detachment of the
troops of the Pope promenading the streets.
I'll ere a-c no Austrian troops in this neigh
bnurhooJ—that power thr-w about (59,000 ol'J
her men into upper jltaly, Genoa, Turin, Mi.
lan, Mantua, Verona, Placentia, dm.
The use of masks during the Carnival was
prohibited, and at the fancy 1 a Is which took
the place of masquerades - “the military arc
always out,and ready to acton the.slightest in.
fringement of order, many of them walked
over the floor of the theatre assigned to the
dancers. Among the motcly group were the
Queen Hortense and suite. To-day the Car
nival was to have continued, but Government
has decreed otherwise—the preparations be
ing made have been stopped.
On the evening of the 12th, says postscript
several persons wore passing by the square of
Antonins Pius, when one of them drew a pic.
tol and shot a soldier, on which the troop fired*
These citizens were not supported, some
were wounded, and others taken and imrnedi.
atelv lodged in the Fort St. Angelo. On our
return from a walk to day we heard that one
of the arrested party was an American artin
—we immediately set inquiry on foot, and
satisfied themselves it was not so.
His Holiness has a proclamation out this
evening of a religious tendency to avert in>
pending danger.
There are about thirty Americans here:
among whom are 8 or 10 ladies.”
kLEDby d/AiilXDit? a
“Just as the twig is bent, the tree ’s inclined .”
FROM THE MACON TELEGRAPH.
CONVENTION OF TEACHERS.
Tho attention of the teachers in Georgia,
indeed ol tho public, is again respectfully in
\ited to the plan, suggested on the Ist Janua
ry last, in the Macon Telegraph, of aconven
tien of teachers,to deliberate on the subjects
then proposed, in connection with that plan.
The inducement to make this invitation i 3
increased by what has since been observed,
ot similar associations and their transactions,
in some of the leading States of the North;
from which much good has resulted, in the
extension of useful knowledge on the subject
of schools and popular education. The mode
proposed, for constituting the body, was con*
ceived to be the best, in order to attach to it
and its proceedings, an authoritative character.
However it may be formed, either by vol.
untary attendance, or elective representation,
snch a measure would indubitably be follow,
ed by a beneficial influence on the cause of
education, the personal and professional in
terests of teachers, and those of society in
our State.
It is full time, that something like a uni
form system of instruction in the common and
academic schools of the State should be adop.
ted; and when the best, hy diligent enquiry, is
ascertained, established by the sanction of
the public voice. The health, and safety of
the lives, of the people of Georgia arc secur
ed, and the respectability, intelligence and
professional skill of its medical faculty made !
certain through the wise institution of a
Board of Medical Examinants; the jurispru
dence of the State is preserved in purity, Ly j
the appointment of upright men as judges, and j
the orthodoxy of faith, in various Christian j
churches of the State, maintained by the in- j
cesSant vigilance of various theological judic-1
atorics, and indeed, in almost every depart-1
ment of the business oflife, a sound condition 9
is preserved by persons appointed to the office,
of its guardians; and why not an equal zeal
ousness in relation to the preparation of the
youthful mind, bv education, for all these
fields of action and duties in life? It is be
lieved that a convention of teachers to sit an
nually, would be more likely to accomplish
this object, than the Legislature, if the almost
total failure of all the legislative enactments
On the subject, be taken as evidence. Time
after time successive Legislatures have tink
ered on it, yet all their efforts have proved in
effectual or abortive. The school funds of
the State are ample and liberal enough, but!
their application and distribution by disburse!
mentunder the provisions of the various actyfl
have resulted in waste, because the system t!
be supported by them is deficient. It want*
uniformity, indentity and compactness.
Concerted action on any point will ahvay*
produce greater and more certain effect; tha*
separated and individual exertion. And i*
might be supposed, flint professional dignity*
fraternal feeling, pecuniary profit, patriot*
devotion to the literary prosperity of the Stat*
and above all, a zealous regard for the poii*
ical, moral, scientific and religious intell*
gcnce and happiness of the rising and fatal*
sons and daughters ofGeorgia, would indue*
teachers to place themselves in a situation, i*
which the best plans of education could bea*
certained, communicated, discussed, adopter*
and presented to the public, for their spproß
bation and practice. Georgia, in repwli*
ting the political policies of the Norther*
States, surely can have no objection to imp)*
tho benefits of their literature, scholastic m*
struction arid discipline derived from the 1*
borious and experimental researches of r*
tional and intclloctur.l philosophy, as the*
are found to exist in their primary and hi<*
schools, established by legislative authority*
and carried into effect by associated bodies >*
teachers, under the swporintendance and vi*
itation of public functionaries commission!*
by the government. In our State, a land*
genius and enterprise, the occupation lias, *
any period, been scarcely more than a jo*
blng business, attended with little success *
the advancement of the liberal or median*
arts and sciences, or profit to the teaoliot*
and enjoying but little public respect. *
has been temporarily used as a stepping-sto*
for young gentlemen to mount into other p*
fessions, as wanting the dignity of a lih< *
profession itself, as it ought to be esteem*
and reckoned. I
The plan was to hold a convention in -I*
con on the first. Monday of December nc*
Tho hospitality of the place will extend*
ifs members comfortable accommodation**
and Macon is centra?. Teachers who may*
tend or he sent, can suspend the duties ■
their schools during that month, without I' 1 !
It is hoped, that editors favorable f0 1 1
measure, will promote if by a friendly n” tI W
in their gazettes. F. D. GUM MIN'-1
Where the sympatitif sof the heart i? 1 *
not been encouraged 1o expand, no eulti'*
tionof the understanding will have pov. '-t I
render the character eminently gr atcrgpl