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yd :&h j Free Trade Convention. JV<Mr the Philadelphia Gazette. * ' IVtibindaOctober 5. The AddressliSvinrr t>3cnread— . Judge Jotjvjtov, of S. C. rose end said, te was much pleased with the spirit of cor diality thal prevailed, and was very unwilling to disturb the harmony of the Convention.— But there was a portion of the Address to j Viiicii he could not subscribe. Tie believed -j U to be fatal to the cause they had assembled j U promote—fatal to the principle of free i trade. The passage to which he objected, I was to be found in the seventh paragraph, u.:d was as follows: “ They ailmitthe power of Congress fa lay and ry.'dcet such datieaas they may de-en necessary Ib. the purposes of revenue, ami within these li mits so to arrange these duties as incidentally, nad to that extent togiv.- protection to the maau factureh They deny the right to convert what t.’iey denominate the inc; i-'iit-il into the principal power and transcending tl.c limits of reveauo to i impose an a-lditioml duty substantively ah i ex* I chjsively for the purpose t ; affordi.ri- that nrotoc- U iff.” ° teueb st: cdmistlon wa?, Judge J. thought, fatal to the r no of free trade—and fatal to ! *4O sCriutitutioaul argument introduced into i tUo Add rosy. This tariff-party have never contended that Congress have a sulntatdivc ferre t to protect- manufactures. All they lv.vo contended for is, that it. is an incident ' power growing out of the granted r wrr to levy imposts. Arid shall we take j • *V th : thread bare argiyncnhs of our oppo f.ontsf bmaU wo cone/dc to them, all they demand? '1 I know a qualification is added, denying I the right td convert what they call *Jie in- i c;J mfai into the principal power.” Hut the ' qualification is not strtmg enough, 'rise ad* f mission is a dangerous one : because, under j a power to protect incidentally, as much iqj justice may be dune as under a power to pro- i tegtsubs.‘"ntiye!;-. ' object to the principle implied in the ad- j nii.v-lou as unfounded in fact: for I hold iftp ; ha a fisctil impossibility to collect revenue! nnu afi r! protection to manufactures by the #nmc system of duties. Where protection is afforded, revenue is destroyed. This may lie Thtslratod by (bred different cases. If lam )U error, lam si.'icera and honest in u y error, arid hope 1 shall be corrected. Tiic firs* c so I shall lake is that in which r.vcnue ij raised, and no protection is offer- Br./pcsc an article could be purcha’.; ! abroad, brought here and sold, without duty, ul one dollar: and that the same article could *tot *>o manufactured at home, far less, thap CiT' dolkw fifty cents. In this case i is evi dent that even a duty of 49 cents would not protect the domestic manufacturer. But ?o make it plainer, suppose the duty :l3 cents, Jit re is cviden*!y revenue, ‘without protet lion. For the second case, suppose the duty to '•so CO cent -. 11. r<- is complete protection, I and no revenue. The foreign at tide is e tirely excluded. Let me gee little furt’-cr, to the third class .f casef, i:i v liich lhodu‘y is equal to the differcnce botween the cost of the domestic end-foreign pioduehoh: etui this class ofca resir 1 believe,'.-hat the author of the* Ad dress had in view in speaking of the inchlga* power to protect tinnnf.icturcg. For 6x* enij.K , tfm cost of a r. article, pie lucedAt home may b - ono dollar and fifty cents; and that of similar article produced abroad, oriTv one dollar. By imposing a duty of J J cents, you bring the foreign and domestic article to n level *.n our lonfko*. But if you are in quest, yffrevenue, in imposing a duty, it is jus) ns jdain a> that two arid two make fear, that to iic very extent that you afford protection,; y<v.i destroy revenue. In proportion as the foreign article is excluded by the duty, andj •the domestic tal cs its, place, the receipts of tin; public treasury are diminished. A practiced i’.iiisiration -fthfoii cfiordod in arti-.-L* of rottc.-i- bag; ing—l hope the g.< tloinan via ;i -the'bar who de not Ida* thr v. r 1 cotton, o il! take no offence at my intro* aim ing it —I do not mean uriy members ufthis House, but tho newspaper editors who are faking-notes. The eot.-ou ’nagging ••• red, was part of domestic, an 1 part of foreign mnnufoc l ire. Mow supposing the jlemund-to be For 100,009 bags. * The demand cannot he more than supplied. The duty may cause an addi tional quanttiy-to be produced,’ the domestic mipply being added to tho loretgn. Hut only ( ] 00,00 J bagswiil bo consumed, aud if bv tho j Jii;- ?Vi iitc'rf duty. tin* foreigner is prevented f;Mi supplying 2'J,f!''o of .tho 100,090, vhc revenue is in that proportion diminished. ' IJer.r then we hitvc lliffce cases—oae in ■Alrjc’.i revenue is raked, and no protection af .Horded —another in which complete proti ctie'u i ?js afforded, and rtvenue desrroyc*d—and aj nijird in which pari mi' prot.tion is a Horded,, / •id revv *no in the same proportion diminish-j <d. A fourth case ccnnot beAupposed. < "fhe to ’-er- to raise revenue by it upset?,j rn-bthe power tq gwt nritection to maim-1 inc tures, nreecofKeiing j own's. The second j tan not bo iucut.Td J to the first. The at tempt to exercise t'.M "ecoqd power destroys the first. 1 know well (hat a scfverc critf rim tnvaite-this—i Lire r?, : and I atn an;;iouato| fuve it Trom thc jiiH-objcOtioirs which this ad- j mission will cause to i ;!*on ght against its ! I’c-r what perpese has this Convention met, I t, u t to declare that it is unjust for any sej; of; ric:i to receive what ov.girt’-to •,< into thy pub-; tie treasurv. li a total exclusion m ii>rt-ign; articles, ts effected by the means of duties,; *he whole goi ; into the pocket., <. f the pro tectcd manniketurers. If a partial c?.cl osion, ] tJuc part goes into their pockets. In > oti; ra- 1 hu the public treasury in injured aud they; are bcnciitted, •Mr. Bsjoubx—As sensitive cal feel or. t/v:/ met hoi tii.it uiav.'cad toa u.ccus.siwn, ♦ '-.or.' is a \:c'\v'of the subject riven by the p.-Uc!nan Ctsfia Hcuth-C-rcUna, which I can Jtarfpy regret has been presented. . Jt’rt the tcpoi't oi v.o General Committee been i .ixicd ra'thv otwit qf cteipßTn>e, and from X\ - i drit 1 v.ilir.:‘. depart. I abstain from t-rpissing v.-jjat ivy own feelings would •,**- -A\M "tfrdcoNr-i-fc this question. lap* jpjl the geßtki-ncn A this foment, to pL-tDtviwc in the ■spirit in v 'Mch wo have so far happily conducted our proceedings, tor cr> own part,- I disc-aim ever/ . dis* j .-.runti to withAfivy Gi3 clause an autlrcss which has been framed in the spirit ot compromise. We are not in this part of he address, expressing tire opinions of the Convention, but giving a statement ef the fadings of the Southern people. These opi nions they have expressed in Assemblies and Convention, and in memorials to Cor ress.— i ney have declared their belief to be, that protection afforded incidentally to manufac tures t.s constitutional. Ido not see that the principal and incidental power conflict with one another. W c do not assert that Can gross have the power to impose duties for the purpose of protecting manufacture:-. But the inevitable operation of the power imposing duties on same articles and not on others, is to protect some articles and not other?- If the imposition of dmies raises prices so high a? ta make the manufacture of them profita ble at home; it is a consequence whiqh flows imrn the .*ranted pow r, and which cannot be avoided, i hope gentlemen will see the pro pnety of not going mto discussion. Wc are u!l ardently devoted to the Constitution, and -e.tus not support impracticable constructions of that instrument. • My object in rising said Mr. Joxns. of Georgia, is not so much to satisfy the Com \ cntion, that tiir* motion of the gentleman from.South-Carnlina, ought ta prevail, as to -mdenvoi to induce him io withdraw it. T' e idustrat ions ef the gentleman showed tire in cidental j; aver of Congress to protect mamt factures. / lie phraseology of the Censtitu t!*gi is # pcctriiar. “ ('ong. jss shall have pow er to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts mid excises”—“lmposts” is a technical term— by it is meant a duty o:i imports. The Cuni scitiflion then has given to Congress the direct power to impose them, arid it inevitably fob !o vs, in the exercise of this power, that in laying a duty on imposts, protection must be -given to inanu factor s of the same character— It Congress eve tlic power to lay and collect imposts; it must have "the power to arrange t'lem, arid in doing this jimtnifacturc- must be protected jo a greater or less extent. Wc have never denied to Congress this power.— \>e 6bjeet to the Abuse of it—while we admit ■ bg right in Congress to lay imposts to raise a ! revenue to pay'tlic public debt and discharge the ordinary xpensrs of-the government, we do.-.y the right to extend it beyond these pnf !-poses, for the protection of inanufaeturcs.—- *!jon t-iis wc take our stand, and the sonti ment is universal from Mason and Dixon’s lino to I.uisian.a—Tin* every Tariff law which goes beyond the purposes’ of revenue tor the protection of is uucon -hittHiojiqJ, atid contrary to the true intent and ineani/ig pt that instrument. Wc know a law may be so framed.as not to shew in its title and various sections, that it is not constifu- 1 ttonal—ami tlurtUic Judirtfary when called to decide*on if, may froi;i iu speet to aco-ordinate dcpnrtinont-, be compollcd to declare it eon stitnfional—not so with Legislators, They are bound to look to the motives of'fhc advo cates, the objects and t.V effect of the law, arid Irnm them to determine whether it he a violation of the true in'ent and meaning of the CftrrisiltiiUoh. An 1 chile a Judge may be constrained to pronounce it constitutional, tile legislator iri voting for it may Ixvciitirelv regardless of thc-oath vhich requires him to defend the constitution and preserve it in violate. * . Mr. President. —-Permit me in conclusion : to offer a few remarks, to vindicate tlm South, I ftonithe slanders and calumny, which have j been heaped upon ib We have been charg- j -ad with a dcsire and design ♦# River tlic l.'p nion. Among tht-people of the f*k>uth, there - is a most devoted attachment to the Union,! and determined purpose to maintain the Con stitution. On this subject, there .is am*mg us no division of oninioa. VJc aro.orcady to yield many things to pro \ rve the Union, and to slicd .lie last drop of onr Woo i in its dc tenee. Wc feel, sir, a sincere affection for onr brethren of the North. But Mr.TVesi there is a potntof forbearance beyond which wc cannot go. Tiio wcr of tlic revo lution was produced by a petty duty of dd.-on tea. Ji was r.ofthc ainonnt. but tlic princi|de which imposed taxation without representa tion—And sir, wc .stand upon the principle, (hat Congress bus no power to bry a tax.for ]i-ot('Ctiori. Admit that principle, anti while we now complain that our t isk is too severe to make bricks of clay and straw, we may lie compelled by our hard masters to make bricks without straw. Mr. 1 would say to our Northern lir. thycr.—beware—you may go too fur—aminlio’ my warning is but the voice of an humble individual, still I would repeat, l • wa-co.; and beg them to remember that We are Freemen, and the sons of Krce tnea, 7dr. G.uxattw, I nm called upon to vote bn a question off it—not to express my own view.:—but .todeclareaviiolJicT a certain part of the nation do or do not assert s particular construction of the constitution. There -is a difference otppinipn on this liefer, in gentle men from that part of the country d:i this question. One gentleman ays one tiling, and another ?avs another thing. I.must beg to be excused from voting on the question. Mr, W /TCKS-of Alabama proposed to mod ify Judge Johnston’s motion to amend, so as totrike otit only the words—“so as to arrange ihcse duties as.” Maioi Th<w.ir.>s of South Carolina inquir ed it' it would not be in order to call foT the 1 previous question. . The iVcsidi nt that, 1 y the rules of Congress', the previous mmsth -i precluded debate. But these rules r.ftcr having been adopted, !nd been rescinded. By the com mon’! aw of I‘arliameiyt, calls for the previous q:audio:i did not preolut'v debate. Major Kow.vinis then mover!-that the rules of Congress shotfil be adopted. Tile President replied that no question not immediately relating to the subject of tlje .ViMits.-',could now he* submitted, without a 1 deport ore from a parliameptary order. A motion was then timrlc to lav Judge Jobr.atoi.'d and Mr. Waters ai.;kndiucnton tie ul.de. The President siab i could net ho done Without laving the whole subject outlie table, .Tut? go JouSstcn signified hij acceptance ofMr. Watth-j mouilie.itiona of his amend ment, and intimated a wish not to press for a further eonsideratioq of it, if not a agreeable to the Coriygqtjpg, (QW VC \!f Mr. Curves thought, with due deference to toe chair, that the motion of bis friend from feouth Carolina was in order. The practice of calling lor the previous question, arose v\ lien there was much less order in Parliament than *t present. If his memory served him,the j practice was still retained, & t’-epre vious question could be called for in any stage ;of tiie debate. In any stage, be believed the question might be put from the <-hair, “shall the main question now be put.” i, resident said he had not seen the I ariiamentary Manual, for pome months. But tf his memory did not fail him, the practice I nad been so far modified, that a call for the previous question, would not in this state of the discussion, preclude debate. Mr. PorxncxTKH said that in the Senate of tue l nited States, where the common law of i uniament was their guidance, the previous question was unknown. .dr. JtmxsTON- would be very sorry to give rise to a debate not in order. Jlu Idt every disposition to follow the example set by tin; venerable gentleman from New York, and avoid every topic calculated to produce ex citement. Mr- f.voxsof\ irgiuia moved to lav the Ad dress together with the amendment, on 'die table. Mr. Jokes of-Gcorgia thought nothingeould be effected by this movement. Judge SiiobtUii of Georgia said, he would not trouble the Convention with any unneces sary remarks. He would at the outset make one general observation the correctness of which would he presumed, be denied by no one ; it was, that the convention should adopt the report word foi word as it was received from the hands of the committee, unless it was certain that : t would bo rendered more perfect by expunging from it some obnoxious matter, or by the addition of new and neces sary matter. He requested the convention to test the two propositions under consideration, by the principle just laid down. Tiie gentleman from S. Carolina (Judge ' Johnston) lad submitted a motion to: mend the r.-port by striking from it certain words, and the gent, from Alabama (Mr. Waters) bad moved to amend this motion, by retailing a part of the words proposed to he strick-n out by the gentleman fiv.n Souiii Carolina Ik* begged permission to read that pcr ioiiof the report, sought to be amended, for tiie purpose ofslrowing more clearly wiiat it now inserts, and what it will he made to assert, shew hi ei ther of the motions before the convention prevail. The part of the report aft tadted-by the motions vvtis then in these words :—“they admit th po ver of Congress to lay ami col lect duties sue!t as they, deem necessSiry for tiie purposes of revenue, and within tlese lim its so to arrange those duties as ineUentaily I and to that extent, to give protectioi to the man : Jacturer.” i r.e genth-man frdri South Carolina bus moyed to expunge from the re-1 port all tiie words just read after the vord rev-1 enue ;s*r that should his motion prevail, the re- 1 port will be made generally to assort “they! admit the jtmvcr of Congress to lay mi Cvl- ’ leet micli iti :s as- they may deem n -essai v j for tiie pigposi-s- of reventiF.” Tlic motion '• ot the geiitbni.au trom Akihama is o ily to ex-' pungo from tin* paragraph in questic-t the j words “so to aria-.ige those duties as,”; so that j should hit snrondmci# succeed, the report! v.-ili be -.made to assert that “ they- admit tiie i powfcr of Congress to lay and collect such dtr-; ties as they may deem necessary for xlie pur pes. s of-revenue-, .apd within t!*ese limits, incidentally, to tipitExtent, to give protection to tiie rnuuufaoimer.” Juflgq SIRIRTUH (lion said, tiie Conven tion had before it whqt tiie report in its then form asserted, what it would as.se.4 should, the motion of ihe g( iitlenmn from S. Carolina prevail, and also what it would ns'sert if the mutioa of the gentleman from Alalirifnatshould prevail. A few remarks, aided by a compar ison of the thivo propositions with each other, would he thought Satisfy the * onventiou, that tiie adoption or oitii-r of life propositions to amend, woiAJ iiot.remi'.T the.re;Mii t more per fect. He said, as -the moiioii of the gentlc nun from Ahtbttma -svas the ,n‘ioq first in or der, lie would point his th-xl r marks particu larly at it. He repeated the words ns they then stood in the report, ek contended that the adoption of the amendment projvved, would not alter in tlic slightest degree the princi ple-asserted by the report in its thru shape. The -effects of tlic tnnetHhneiit would be to 'mu!;-'! -the rejsort a.fst rt, that they admit the jmwer of Congress to lay aixl collect such du ! ties as they may deem accessary for the pur | pesoof revenue, ami within tliesolimits inci dentally, and fo ’that extent, to give protec. ! lion to tin- ninuf icturcr.” lie Would now ask the tne.eer of tiie amendment, iiaw the power of protection as limited was to be exercised? :To his wind'l ho answer was most appropri* : afcfly given by the very words proposed to be ! expunged “ so 'to anting:; those dutids as.” To his mind it was-|.ifon, that the adoption of i the amendment fir. t in order, would in -. > shape alter or change the tenor or effect of the 1 report, that it fore inexpedient to 1 inake-th.o i.F ration proposed. Judge !*liflikr then said, lit* would next Tnalie a tew reinarks in regard to the motion 1 of the gentleman from S. Carolina. That j gentlcmatj had stated, that he regarded the cpnccssiwi in the report, of the power iri Con gress to graut. prot< ctiyii to manufactures as 'dangerous if not fatal to our cytjsc- Judge Shorter, said lie was of a different opinion. ! The constitution as it then stood expressly ! trave to Congress the power to lay and collect : taxes, duties,and imports, &c. but as lie be -1 Sieved with an equally explicit limif^ition of the objects to which the same should extend. From this general graftt of power in the con stitution, our adv< rsarii s have tissertctl. the right to lay and collect duties not m ccssarih in reference to the payment of the public debt, the defence of iiic. dountry, or in promotion of : the general welfare, but for the avowed pur j pose, of protecting our domestic manufactures, i The part of the report under consideration \ most ipati ri.-.lly limits and restricts the pow ' i r claimed and exercised by our adversaries, ; for that portion of the report assailed, wagfu|- j !y and to his niiml satisfactorily explained by ! the next BUce< edfng paragraph, y,-hir!i was tti ! ihcso words, “They deny the riglit feronvert what they denipi linate tho incidental inio the [ prmcipal power, and transcending the limits I of revenue, to iiunu?c/m additicjial duty sub- Cj. \iij&i ir# stantively and exclusively for the purpose of ariferding protection.” He ee.uld not ngree’ with the gentleman from S. Carolsna, that the admission of the power of protection thus lhn itad and restricted could be either dangerous or fatal to our cause; on the contrary, could th* doctrine asserted ny the report prevail, it would be a fejl and complete triumph to the ; advocates of free trade.- But, said Judge Short: r—it has been truly | and patiently remarked by tee Venerable | gentlemen from New York, (Mr. Gallatin) i that the portion of the report under consider ! ation, was not intended to assert tljut the mat : ter as therein and thereby set forth and pro mulgated, was or was not the opinion of this Convention, it was only given as the opinion of “ a large and respectable portion of the A merican people.” Now who was to decide, or who could decidp whether that portion of the American people to whom allusion was made, did in fact hhl the opinion of the gentleman from Alabama, the gentleman from South Carolina, or the report of the commit toe? Unless One or the other of those gen tlemen had better and more extensive means | of knowing the opinion of this “la;ge and rc : speptable portion of the American people,” ! than the committee e;- isr?tifig of two dele gates from caoh of fourteen states, and one delegate from another, it would obviously not be proper to reject the opinion of the com mittee, and adopt that oi either the gentleman fi oiu Alabama, or the gentlemen trom South Carol in-.. I Judge Sliorfor said lie would not enter m :fo an argument as to the extent or the power |of Congress to lay and coll, et duties by way jof protection—such arguments would not uiit the occasion, .and they find been stiidi j oissly nvoiilcil on all side?. r J'*iis convention, j * le said, was composed of members from va- I tin 11.5 parts of thp Union, and those members -very naturally entertained different views up on some of t.!ie questions involved, in the re strictive system. 'l'iipv had all however a? seinbled for one and the same general and great object. It was preposterous to expect that a report would or could he-made precise ly to sqit tlic feelings of every mfuttber. For himself, he had entered upon the business of the convention with every disposition to con ciliate the feelings of all, believing all to be triends. Coni ihe have been gratified in having his own ttfay, be would have 1 tad the character of the report changed, so ns 10 ex plicitly to declare tiie existing Tariff, in flu opinion of the-Convention, to Ic unconstitu tional. lie would haVe cone tins, because, such was his honest and deliberate opinion, and was also five opinion ef those whom ho had the honor in part to represent. -But lit* had seen that many of our able and warm friends from the Northern arid Eastern States,' were of a rifilercwt opinion, ansi deprecated most earnestly rnrh a course ; he had there fore met them half way, and had been con tent that the report should .express ihe opinion ot the South, with a brit t euumfsration of the reasons by wiiisji liiev sustained that o^jmo'i. Tiirre was a retaaining suggestic.u said i Judge Shorter —that would s'- w the itnpro-1 prictv of adopting the amendment pronoseti i by t!u; geritlemeh <ifSouthsCJaroiliM, or even ' discussing it further—our friends of the .Nor- j thorn so*) ’ ’astern States have abstained j from any reply to, or argument; ‘against, tiie; opinion of the people from the South us con- j mined in the report, and they were induced to this course by a belief that the me mbers : from the South would net on their- part pro ( voke discussion. The amendiueni proposed by the gentlemen from South Carolina pre sents a grave constitutional question, and 0.. e upon which member*, of this convent ion entertain <lslll rent opinions. As the amend-j merit could be producth e of no good, and might perchance excite unpleasant feelings, and destroy that harmony which had thus far ' prevailed in ■our tklihcrations, ho hoped | most earnestly that it would not be further [pressed. j Air. Waters of Alabama was prepared to Bike thit Address as it came from the hands of'he committee; out of regard to the com promise v> hich had been entered info: but he was not disposed to admit tlje power of Congress to make such arrangement in im posts as to afford mare protection to some j branches of industry than to others. Mr. f?TOCKTOU of New Jersey rose fee said wit!*unfeigned reluctance. But if gentle men persisted in their course, they vyould cc“- tainly bring on the discussion tliey wished to avoid. They laid come together from differ ent parts, to devise means .for removing a great-evij under which the ftoyWry was .sin tering; a:ul they Vv-ere perplexed with opiiiidtis on a constitutional question. Ho was not prepared to decide that question, on;l won! I express no opinion oa it, tie h.ul come for i different purpose. Judge .ToiiNsor? said he v {l<l withdraw his motion toaim-nd. His o’ j < t was to screen the address from the severe criticism this pas sage would meet. lie laud now personally fulfilled his duty. ’l'lie motion was accord ingly withdrawn. Mr. SEIXiKVVICK of Massachusetts was not surprised at the solicitude to take the question without debate. He was not in discreet in addressing the House, He was not behind qhjHyentJoAian genero-s sym; a i tliy for tho southern people: but to the ad [dress he had insuperable o'.’actions. The • introduction of the constitutional question in- Ito it, was. a most indiscreet matter. The idrafters of the Address had therein ccnrunit- II (! a most unhappy indiscretion. Tile ep.in ; ion.tie; rein referred to. prevailed in the south, ! hut not in Massachusetts. I take a higher j ground, said Mr. Sedgwick, than infriitgo* j inent of a :aro charter in ruy o,.j>esitioiT’:, i the ♦rriilsystem-: ftisd I nm unwilling to s ,„ i such a tire brand among tho pr„,Viir | tariff is unju t ; oppressive—an abuse of j power. An Utso of what power? An abuse ;of greater power than (hut conferred on tile j representative by his constituent. It ivr.san I abuse of they avvor conferred oilman bvGod. | Will you interpose your charter made ford* j years pgp, in pniereuce to the eternal rule o'f j sight established by tho. Creator! Fifty years I ago,the principle of free trade v.as unknown. | Adam f'nuth.theti rove as a sun to illuminate j the world. W hen your charter was formed, j all was monopoly. Many gcntJcmr u had found i I ltnnpo ildn to get oy; r ♦!:■; urguiricnta in \j r . * 4 .ladison’s speech in 1789, in defence of the ctiiEtitutional power oi' Congress to protect Manufactures- Ono of the first acts of }he General Government, was for the protection of finnufactubes. And shall we then go for-' \yird and tell the people that, whatt! •* Gov ifmri<*nt has been doing, ever since* its fottn Son, it has had no power to do ! The people f'* the sections of the country from which l | " or:u ’ wit! not understand you. But appeal ! to their native sense of justice, and you wi! be j nearj. Having then this sure ground to go !*>> will you object to the tariti'sy stein, ;nrre- K’ because “it is not in the bond”! Address them in other language. Sav to them, — “Men and brethren, we are descended from a common parentage, let us not shed each oth ers' blood. Lot us be just and conciliating to one another.” Their native sense of justice will respond to your own feiings, and }eur object w ill be aeeompiished. Mr. S. thought there seemed a desire ia some to get rid cf tlic system in too grr t haste. Ho begged them to recollect the* progress that had been made in various coun ties in getting rid of tiie trammels it imposes, smee the time when it was regularly estab lished by Colbert in France. Great part of that minister's regulations had in that coun try been annulled. And was if, to be suppo sed that Reform in England, would stop ho.t with a change in the mo-lc of represen tation in Barliameut. Are things to rest rherel Are the corn laws which send so many t’tous mds aupperless to bed, to continue in force? No, they must foil, and the shock will be felt in this country. Then what a great poml will L..- gained by the friends of free trade. But you are troubling the people with a litigated question—a question on which the great constitution 1 lawyers are divided. In many respects the Address is exceedingly defective. Aou ought to have Jiad more re gard ler the sympathies of men. You ought to have tol-i-thein that you do not mean todo stroy them at a blow. You should have *oit. them you are not at war with manufacturers. Manufactures are* the cause of e- Vilization.— From what is new done, we go home power less.-. * * Air. S. said, gentlemen must not feel tin. kindly towards hint for what he had Said, — He was the devoted friend, of free trade. Ifj they should forcibly expr 1 him from the Con vention, and shut their doors on him, ho would still remain the friend of free trade: bathe could not approve of the address. Air. llkiisiun' thought Air. Sedgwick’s speech .was a departure from the conciliatory S course oi the gentleman from Now York. Air. j S. had his reasons for not voting for the Address. He hoped the gentleman who though as be (Mr. B.) thought, would not im itate the example of the gentleman from Mat-1 saclmsotts, by giving their reasons’ lor Voting { for the Address; but let the minority have the j benefit of the discussion that had just taken place. Loud calls were then made for the question, | end tile ayes and i:o s having beau taken, it I appeared that 170 were in favor of adopting ] tue Address, and 27 against adopting it, Mr. lof S. C. recorded his vote in -Xavor of the Address,'with *"*> cxcoplUm as to the • passage which Judge Johnson hud moved to strike out. Air. BunafEis congratulated the Conven tion on the point at which they had arrived, and in the prospect of bringing the business to a harmoniousckise. 't iie Federative com mittee had been instructed to prepare both a memorial and an address, '{’he Address luid been disposed of. A resolution had been -presorted by the Chairman of the Federative Coihifsitter, lor the .appointment ofa p, rraan tmf commirttc to collect facts, and press the subject before; Congress. This resolution the G-.ivcntfon luid b.id on the table. In the ! posture in which t!icj J 's(ood, it would be nc-l cessury to retnaio in session to prepare the | memorial, collect the facts, and.overcome the ! various obstacles to the objects they hail 'in ! view, or delegate; tlies'; duties to the perman ent committee it had been proposed toconsti- fute. luthc lalt/'i- catiiso were adopted, the business of the Convention would be brought to a speedy termination. Ho should therefore move to riischar~c (lie Federative Committee, and to substinito a Committee < f one memher from cae'i state r presenter} in the convention, whose duty it should be to collect the facts, to j repare the contemplated memorial, and prosecute the case be lore Congress. This committee would be in a better condition to draft the memorial than Urn Convention could now be. Thcnrin ciph-s of the memorial could be fixed by the Coir,: lit ion in its instruction to tho Commit tee. From tho spirit of harmony that prevail ed. lie expected complete unanimity as to the tenor of the instruction?. If the course here indicated should be pursued, iie should pi for a rcsdltitjoiicontaining instructions,by tfejeir vote in which lie expected members would shew to the world, an entire concurrence of opin ion in regard to the grand object of the Con vention. Inquiry was made if o memorial had not been prepared by sub-comunUce of tile Fod • erative committee. Mr. Gat.lati:,- replied that a snb-coinmit fee had been appointed to report, but he could not say if they were ready, as the as scudding of file Convention at 10 o’clock. t '~ ’ superseded the meeting of the C r t , ** JU ! mittee. v •*'' i -v-oxn i Mr.GABTKf cf Virginia staled t!-, ,r suo-eomtHittce wore ready to report ** tie A motion was then - ,’ \ r file’s resolution on tlwt , *V ,n >' - ier “ tived, and al rge k ,,i . lt r lt . i,v,i . '"MOiTy voted for dwchar-- 1 -erattvc Committee. C or routin’! r u.) T he Buffaleo Republican says, ‘rumor has run about with ,a story that an old steam beat was to be fitted up to take a trip over toe I'a.lj with aermv, rot consi: : ng of ani* miil.-t and dingb beasts, but y merry company ot ladies anti gentlciinn; the passage wah warranted a pleasant and safe one, pn>v : Yd tj.-e company was select. The pilot wanted file families who had lived in ouc house, and 'verg agreeable to each other; a pious cler gyman owning himself llie ‘chief of simrerr;* an honest lawyer; a trT’i lovlnj cdiler; a tcaeiier without garrulity or -some woman who never looked fo r ; * and rt jKirson, who goes about the dark! *'ljc conditions being £> mr, the expedition will doubtlessS,‘ C ' THE COTTON CRop ed to the politeness of Mr. J , a ‘ e m d j returned from a tour for the tX', 1 STILI ; j ining into t he prospects of crops of the Southern section ofovlp ui m format ton on the subject, which unacceptable to our commerciarJ'*! , Mr. A-ustif! visited Monroe, Vv’p Cu .'' ms Montgomery, Greear' catoosa and Bickcns, and the result ■ turns made in tiiesc, doubtfes* f orn , Wl> ' tor op.mmi ott Hie whole erop, we may rafely rely, ft was <oJ | qtnry, instituted for the purac-c of " r<l mg fbe probable extent of ground cultivation this year, that it excce&d actions examined, the amount of t > ' 1 tvvnty-five percent.ff t( the tioU3 which in t embraced a cnlti--'“ fifteerr thotwand, the amount vrac; this year fo 18909, seven acres. restil: was obtained byl* mg enqumesrto plantafionaof alldinWi! new and oM, and although the H!rr ‘ surprising; our mformai/t is events will B>iw -■ oo r respoI;.Jin 1 ;.Ji n , a j throughout the 1 V‘rth of the State,"or tp, diminution from t.V-s proportion Will t t coed five oj six per cent- The sand acre-: mentioned, piswftUtad srvo, !j sand nine hundred nnd ninety om; ' Cotton of the magnitude csoiu qters. If we take this for * basis ts cxklil the whole amount of land subjected to ! cultivation of Cotton in this motion oi', .Stat- in IStJO, we find t!ie result ne.ta , hundred and twelve thousand four A JU ,i r and sixty two acres. And if f uo proportional increase of this year prove* Ti there is now in cu’ . -atiou nearly two 1, dred and sixty-five thousand five hundred a , seventy seven acres. If the produrt of : land culavated, m the cases of the iff mat! cxainiuod, furnishes a just standard ti* r • residue of this section of the .Stale, thin i lands of South Alabama yield more . a * bale, or more than four Im-vdred potn t’otton in condition for oarfost, to two *a-t Notwithstanding, however, tlic expectat which may have been raked by the , crease of subdued iamb alluded ta, gi , test crop -that can be expccfo.il fo.j seas cnir informant is of op ** ion will sot txci tiiat of the JasT, and witii tirtfiioj-abte treat might yet possibly be very nr.jch reduced The heavy rains lor which the past sum* has liooii remarkable, diminished g-iewly i product of the fields, and nothing bat sus cions weather for the young crop of iwiisf were advancing to maturity, coldsop<&.| deficiency. Depc.iding upon tins ciren stance, as it does, if fro.-t early interven the crop will not reach the extent of tint the last year, by a very material diUVrrnr, Much rain tends to maL; cotton cfaa colour, and the crop by this peculiarity oft season will probably be injured in its head as it may ho in its magnitude. Thcstal however, a quality of more importance tn colour, it is said will not be at til impair but as good us that of any previous crop. -AS . - t a TKi e rnornr.cY. -Mr. Editok:—l heard tha late ark lartienfed Dr. Rice preach a sermon on injury done to religion by ignorant prCackr] In one p;;rt of it. he ventured to make a p] • lietion, which has been so remarkably fulfil led b'y the late occurrences in SmithamptJ that l a.'.i induced to send it to you for jmlij cation, 'i'he exact manner in which Hie pel pliecy lias beep fulfilled, is sonic proof of J ton sight and discernment of that cxtrswrJ uary man, who made it. 'i’he sermon to v&J 1 liuve alluded was published in the Literal and Evengelical Magazine, in Nov. ! s .-l I tty tik the pu dii-ation of the following cJ tract from it, would gratify some of yourtq dots. Yours, dec, in haste. “ It is most obvious to the carcfitl ohser’cH that they (our slaves) are withdrawing imrfl atui more from those minis'ration?, ivhrfl tliey learn the true , haractvr of christianittH and insist, with increasing pertinacity iH holding meetings in their own way, smiibil ing preachers of their own color. The pr.fl fession ci religion among them is being petfl ceptjbly less beneficial; so in that m iplerH hoods this very thing generates suspicien 'H llnf professor, rather than confidence, h lufl integrity, 'i’he nrcachc.s among then, ill ‘though extremely ignorant, (oftcn-unal’k* >■ • read a verse in the Bible, or a-lino fn tlifl \ hymn-book,] are frequently shrewd, cannin® j men. ’They sec what influence misdi j religi.ous feeling gives them ever their bn- 1 * ■ rcti, and tliey take advantage of it—nicer cl } them fed their importance and assume th® 1 part of rich of great consequence. Tb thing is graving in the southern cou.-'trf-T AndVhilo cllbrta to ailbrd b- t „ p C()l .] c sn|V, tary instruction have I- , n ro p^cd ; ; 3 ; R ?V a ( .? ,r ‘* ' ‘ tanatic'ism has beenf?i>rcati Jig, >u.i< threatens tire most alarming frit * ('aohCcs. VVitbout bcapri phot, I venture to predict, that if ever '! hbrriJ event should take place, which '- 531 tieipated a:n! greatly dreaded by many ofior; us, game crispr-haircd prophet, some p rcic!l der to inspiration, will-he the ringleader, t well as the instigator cf tJieplaf. By fc'gn’w communication front heaver:, he will rnu: the i'apatiai.-:.i of his brethren, and they 'i !jo prepared for any work, however eletoiatia and murderous.' The opinion has skew been started among them, that men may mjk such progress in religion that nothing the can do will he sinful, even should it be tin murder of those, whom they are now rc-rjui' ed to serve and obey ! The present state >1 the presents a prospect truly abta ing ; and when the rapid growth of otir pops; laiio.i both white and black is considered, ii requires a man of stout heart indeed, i o vice the scene without dismay. It is availing, when such 4 mighty power as that aflurdedb the religions principle, is Wielded in in<t> ; 1g: "!,iiit-arid"f uaiioal nm::. Slttji \y \ tb*n, lot tjiis m.itcr jslenr. '’•*