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■ ©x? AJoTaarj'asas ah a> -.-L-li—XO.f -t .J l ; iYoriTScii :iix ' There is not upon tiic face of the earth, perhaps, a man of such extensive, continually and efficient power, as Rothschild of London. All that wc hear of him, howev er extravagantly expressed, may fee said to fall far short of the trutii, it wc look t<- his in fluence, whi 'li almost realised the strange taie of Godwin’s St. Leon, whose hero is the wandering jew—or his wealth—or his mode of operating as by dumb show upon the Gahi piMt of Europe. Ta*k as we may about Ein "perors and Kings, and their despotism—-there is no despotism like that of wealth, hoarded tip here only to be scattered there, garnered hr the treasurers of Europe only to be distri buted in Asia, and circulating every where w ith steadiness like that of the atmosphere, whose virtue and vitality arc never diminish ed, although continually changing and fluc tuating. Talk of soldiers in Europe—the soldiers that arc paid, ore the g'nly soldiers W orth having, ant he that pays th m is their commander-in-chief, be lie who he may; wearing neither crown or sceptre if you will, no.~ even sitting in tt Council of War; it is he, and he only, though walking the earth under the gvse of a broker, who ought to be regarded aj their chief, Rothfthild of London —or at any rate, the liothcbilds of Europe taken together, are the King-makers of the nineteenth century. It is only a day or two e'ince, that a young friend of ours, recently from abroad, favored us with a fete by the London Rothschild,which interested us not a Jjltle. lie had given a dinner party, follow ed by sundry shows of one sort and another, which the wealthiest inonarchs of the day Vuight have been proud to equal, so far at any * ate, as the cost of entertainment would go. There were princes and paupers—British no- Llemen and stock-jobbers—lords, ladies, and Jewish damsels, gathered together in such lumbers, that one v. ho entered the house m * preparedly, in the midst of the sjderidor— ‘'barbaric pearl and gold’”—-the dashing eyes and swarthy countenances, would have star ted with Surprise at every turn—believing iiimsclf at a masquerade, or a great eastern fair. On his left he would encounter Vrinco jCsterhazy, in a jewelled vert, the shifting breaking out from beneath the folds of his outer coat and waistcoat, though adding a ‘more than usual p’ainncss of attire, to avoid the reproach of scattering diamonds as o 'walked; on his right, the Prince Talleyrand, ■standing alooffrom the crowd like a shadow escaped from its natural body ; here a cluster of English lords; lord Lowther, lord Stanhope, tWo or three cabinet ministers, a score of baronets, knights and secretaries; there a considerable number of women, as neaily as might be of the same ncigbourhood—looking aa if they were all of one household—saying nothing—doing nothing. To tell you the truth, sir,.said the gentleman referred to, it vas a live pantomime, a walking edition of <tie Vrabtan Nights. Princes and noblemen >f highest rank, found themselves they never knetv how, sitting side by side with the <laugtcr3 of Israel, their dark hair clustered v. ifli rough gold and sparkling with gems—, •or handing them to the table, utter strangers left 10 entertain one another—no common language-—no common tonic of conversation between them. At last,“Mons”eur < 3 s rvi!” Cried a fellow in magnificent livery dropped with gokl, passing the word through half a f=eoTe of military associates. The service •v as superb—all gold, pure gold, massive and rich as the proudest ornaments of a kingly table. The iiangings were of a gorgeous’ crimson silk, falling in heavy folds from the exiling to the very floor, ponderous with lus tre; the rooms w ere lighted up, nobody knew fiow, for half thc light* were invisible. The desert—the pine apples, grapes, and other costly fruits, were in golden baskets, depe-.;-, ited about the sumptuous tables and side boards, with what appeared like a studied confusion. The very plates were gold, fine gold. After dinner there was a French play hv French actors —the drawing room was turned into a theatre, as by the touch of a se cretspring, or a cabalistic word. And after f.'iis a concert ami a ball! What is Life ! —There is eloquence of ♦bought as well as of language in the follow ing paragraph fruit Arnott’s Elements of Physic : “The functions by which the animal body assumes foreign matters from around, and c onverts-them into its substance, is little in citing in some of its details—but taken alto gether is one of the most wonderful subjects which engage the human at - ntion. It points ■directly to the curious and jet unanswered ■question—to’hat is Life 1 The Student of .stature may analyze with all his aft those min tite portions of matter called seeds and ova, tvliich he knows the rudiments of future crea tures and the links by which endless generations of living creatures hang to existence ; but die cannot disentangle and display apart their mysterious/,;/l’ 1 that Bomethig*under ke influence of which each little germ in duo time, swells out fn fill an invisible mould of maturity, V hich determines its forms and proportions. One such substance thus becomes a beaute ous rosebush —another a noble oak—a third an cag!e~*a fourth an elephant—vea, in the came way, out of the rude materials of broken *>ecds and roots, and leaves of plants, and bits of animal flesh, is built up in the human frame itself, whether of the ace vc male, combining gracefulness with strength, or of the gentle woman, with beauty around her as light.— How passing strange that such should be the origin of tbc bright human eye, whose glance pierces as if the invisible soul were shot with It-—of the lips wjfoch pour fortli sweetest elo quence—i f the larynx, which, by vibrating, tills the surrounding air with music ; and more wonderful than, all of that mass shut up with in the bony fortress of the skull, whose deli cate and curious texture is the abode of the o >ul, with its reason which contemplate?* and its .sensibility \r inch delights in these ar.d end iess other miracle* of creation 7” V’nrt ts Man ?—Originally ifnst—en gendered in sin—brought forth with sorrow helpless in infancy—extravagantly wild in his youth—triad in his munhood—decreped ir. oge-—his first voice moves pity—his last .Nature clothe* he ticaat with hair—t!-e birds with feathers, ami the fishes with scales —but man is born naked—4tls hands cannot handle—his feet cannot walk—his tongue Cannot speak, nor hrs eyes see aright—simple his thought*—vain his desires—toys his tie light. As soon as he puts on his distinguish ing character, he burns it with wild lire passions—paints it with abominable pride —tears it with insatiable revenge—-dirt?! it with avarice, and stains it with hist, Ilis next state is full of mi serif—teqrs torment —hopes intoxicate—cares perplex—enemies 1 assault hint—friends betray him—thieves-rob him —and dangers Waylay him. Ilis last scone is deplorable—his eyes film—hands feeble— feet lame—sinews shrunk—bones dry—his days are full of sorrow—hi? nightsof pain— -1 his life miserable—his death terrible-—his in [ fancy is full*ol’ folly—youth of disordor and I toil—age of Infirmity. In other words—man is a dunghill blanch ed with snow—a may game offortunc-*a mark for malice, a butt for envy—if poor, despised ! —if rich, flattered—if prudent mistrusted — i if simple derided—his beauty, a flower—his strength, grass—his wit, a flash—his wis dom, folly—his judgement, weakness —his |art, imperfection—his glory, a blaze—bis time a span—himself, a bubble. 11 is is born crying, lives laughing, and dies sighing. .So much far man—Next time I’ll answer that which I engage even you can t—What is Wo man 4 M. A substitute. In odr respectable Aliiifia System It sol flier may easily tret clear of military duty by furnishing a substitute, provided always the cheat the officers intd a belief that lie is bona fide the man to whose ; name he answers. At a late training in this city, a stout Irishman, just imported, was ■ employed bv a young merchant, of the name of George Tififiny to appear in the ranks and answer to his name. The clerk called the roll— -1 “John Jenkins!” “Here!” “I’eter Pilgarlick!” “litre!” “George Tiffany !” “Here am I, sure’* Captain. Who are you ? Teddy. George Stiflany, sure ; aint that the jantleman vu’er cabin ? ! Cpt. Ycs ; but you’re not the man, j Teddy. The devil burn me if I aint. Copt. I>on’t swear, Paddy. Teddy. My name isn’t Paddy, sir, axin your lave* Capt. What then ? ■ 7 'eddy. Is it the real truth then you want , to know ? Capt. Certainly—l’ll have no lies. Teddy. Why then to tell you the real trutii my name is Teddy O’Bogg. Capt. Well Teddy O’Bogg, you may shoulder your musket and march. Teddy. Where shall I march, Captain, dear ? Capt. Just where you please. George Tiffany is the man I want. r Tvddy- t tell ye, Oaj/ctit*. 1*,., tKc man. Capt. But you now told me your name was Teddy O’Bogg. Teddy. And so I did, sure—and all hat’s I the rale truth, and no iio at all. The terms arc snonitnous. Capt. Snonimous! What’s *!iaf Teddy. I’m surprised at your ignorance, Captain. But just tell me, hav’nt ye never a di Kenary about ve? Capt. No. Teddy. That’s very unfortui>ate agin-—for if ye had a dixenary, ye’d aisily Understand what l mane—that is to sav that Teddy in Irish is equivalent jist to George Stiflany in • the American tongue. Don’t ye understand , now ? Capt. I can’t say I do; and therefore, Mr. Teddy O’Bogg, vou have leave to inarch out of the ranks. Teddy. Thank you, captain, there*—but w ith your lave I wo..t go. Capt. You wont. Teddy . No, I wont—always ask in your lave, becaze, as 1 jist told ye, my name is Teddy O’Bogg, and Teddy O’Bogg is George Stiflany—and v.e’ef both one & all the same, axin your lave agin. Capt. But you liavn’t my leave, so march Mr. O’Bogg, Teddy. It can tbe done. Capt . Can’t ? TcJdff. No how in raison, I mane, for I’ll jist tell you how ’tis,captain, Misther George Stiflany bought me for all this day, to ansther to his name, for a. pint of w hiskey and one dollar lawful money ; and I’m not the boy to be after deserting my post. Capt. Corporal, take a file of men and march Teddy O’Bogg out of the ranks. Teddy. Shall Ihe one of the file ? Corp. lou ! flow will you go to work to march yourself out 1 'Teddy. PH show ye, Corporal, dear. But in the first place I’d jist observe that Misther Gem-ge Stiflany may be his ownaelf hereafter, and behanged to him. With his praffis, gon tlcmati soldiers and fellow oflisthers, I lave yc. [Exit whistling a tune. iY. Y. Constellation. Frederick, Md. Oct. If). A friend, upon whose accuracy nnd veraci ty we havp the most perfect reliance, vouch es for the truth of tlic following t THE DEVIL WITH TtVO TAILS Wc have all heard of Le /liable Fortran j-, but it was reserved to+liis age. and to the ci ty rf Frederick, to discover .the devil w ith two tails. On Thursday night last, a caravan of wild beast arrived in this place, and put up at one of the hotels- Among them tiicre chanced te be a huge elephant, which, being tool arge to enter any ordinary stable, it was found necessary to accomodate it in a fcirge and close carriage house. This, it seems, had been previously taken possession of as a lodging fertile night, by a hale two fisted no gro from the mountain, who Was employed m hauling timber to the rail-road, and who has "over seen or perhaps heard of an elephant before m his life* lie was fust asleep when his roommate was ushered in, and did not av.nke until, as was his custom, at the first -’a'vt of the morning. U< '**ing a m-Ming in the straw, he turned and looked again, until, the pupils dilated almost to bursting— “ Hence, horrible shadoih, -unreal mockery, hence What could it he! The devil to a certain ty ! The huge mass moved and approached him, when lo ! a tail at both ends put all doubts to flight, and revealed his Santarn’c majesty in all the terrors of his reputed attributes. With one despairing spasmodic leap, the affrighted wagoner rushed against the door—it was kick ed—and there was no other possible way of hist escape. Jfe screamed for help? fee groan ed in agony —Worse than that of Sane ho in the pi*, whs the predicamcnttifthe miserable African, lot no kind piaster was within hear ing to afl’orii him protection. The Devil with two tails” stood over him, and wrapped his soft and flexible /firr-tail around his neck and whisked it in his face—and then “he grinned horribly a ghastly smile.” In vain he besought him to have mercy—to spare him yet a little longer. The Devil with two ; tails heeded no*. Ins supplications—but kept smeling and feeling him arid brandishing liis tail, which he now extended anti contracted, until, in the imagination of the negro, there was nothing so distant or so near as to be Sc j cure Viotn it. The louder ;e screamed the ! moro’thc fh'vil felt him. Shrunk up within the least possible dimensions in a corner of the | room, lie awaited, in a state of alarm, border- j ingon distraction, the issue of Ids horr.blej adventure. The keeper of his tormentor atj length came to his relief, and released him from the jaws of the enemy- After his libe ration, he had a severe chill of several Inittrs duration, accompanied by a transient ilet-ange incnt. Having now recovered not only his health but his courage, lie swears “by ginnyj lie was not so much skeered at his bigness— Uit that tarnal tail at each end?” Qucre —Does not Sambo desefve the pre mium ofl’ered for the best original tail ? Phil. Examiner. I’oreigih “ The herald of a noisy world." Warsaw, Aug. lb. ORDER OF TIIE DAY. “Head Quarters of Bolimow. “Soldiers!—Called by the choice of the nation and your confidence to exercise the command in chief over you in the sacred cause of our country, I shared at your head in all '.lie yrielious privations and dangers to which you were exposed. Far from ail feel ing of self-love, l never sought the power which was confided to me. I accepted it, and have hitherto exercised it, though I was sensible that it was accompanied with many and great difficulties. It was not inv inten tion to yield to those difficulties, but i was re solved to be tile first to give the example of, that perseverance of which we have so much need in our present situation. A deputation named by the Diet, found it advantageous for the good of the country to confide the chief command of the army to the other hands.— While I submit with resignation to this su preme will, I address you, for the last time, to testify to you the •entile esteem with which i •■. on,Cw mux bravery vmjr n. ss, and your zcaT. lour country judges, by what you have hitherto done, of what it may expect from you in future. The com mander whom the representatives of the na tion have placed over you is already known to you by his bravery and his resolution since, by overcoming the greatest difficulties ho saved your comrade from that destruction which, fo' a less resolute man, would have been inevitable. Let us surround him with the confidence and affection his merits dc sen e. Implicit obedience, the first Virtue of a Soldier of every rank, will lib “a powerful suppott oil our side to the new commander, and I, who had the hdnor to be at your head, may now be allowed fo aspire to another, that of fighting in your ranks and giving you an example of that discipline which I have hith erto Acquired from you, and to which I will, with you, willingly submit. Soldiers! Ictus always unitetinanimity and obedience with courage and zeal, and, with God's help Po land will still use from its ruins.—Poland for ever! “The Commandet-i n-Chief of the Armed National Force, BKRZYNECKI.” ORDER OF ’THE DAY. “Head Quarters, BolimoW, Aug. 12. "Soldieas! —Called by the w ill of the Diet front your ranks to your head, I take on tne 'this post full of confidoncc and hope. The exercise of the chief command is not diffi cult where all ara animated by one feeling, that of saeiificjng themselves for the deliver ance of the country. Yes, it will certainly find it iri your courage and in our persever ance, whteh is able to conquer every thing. “Citizens and tjpldiers !■—l have Served among you during this national war, I there fore know the spirit that animates you, and w ill not exhort you to obedience Slid order. So HMicb only 1 will say, that extraordinary efforts are required ; only one thought shall direct all otn* movements, that of renouncing every thing that men prize most t.ighlv in or der to secure otir independence. Whatever these movements may be, (be zeal which in spires you in battle must riot cool during the preparation for it. If my military life hither to, and bringing hack to their families some thousands of your brethren w hom yon, per haps already gave tip as lost, can give rnc any title tc youV confidence, I claim it of you m the namo of God alid our country! 1 know that I can only be strong through your strength, 1 know also the demands of thena iion and the army, and will not disappoint your expectations. You shall see me cverv win re partake in your hardships and dangi vs; but I must also be allowed to ho]xt that w hen wc go altogether to the combat, you will do pent! on me, as Ido bri the Country and on ! you its ddiverahee alone guide&your steps 1 as well as mine. Ect us keep away every thing that might weaken the moral strength; of the army, and, free otffsclves, we shall j leave to our posterity a free country. “Commander in Chief, ad interim , of the 1 Armed National Force,—ll. DEMBINSKI.”I "ith respect to the choice ofafutuie] Command* r-in.Chicf, the votes are divided I between four persons, Pradzinski, Unriu.-ki, J Lubfonski,. arid " Imlislaus Zarn^skE MACON. 1 ■ , .* n •.' % v v,\\ ;i> •; Vi!;.••%//'//. /y - *.. ••■ 1 ■ ■’■ • I'tnNtlay, .Yot . 5,1831. i'clfan Continues to come in freely, and commands our rerent quotations—which are from 7 to 7 1-8 for prime; choice n bought at 7 1-3. Af 01.0 GY. In our next paper, we will be enabled lo toll oUr readers additional news from Alilledgeville — What the Tariff Canventitvi has done —and the most interesting items. Neither of the latter are of primary importance, or Of as great interest as our Legislative affairs. FROM OCR CORRESPONDENT Jit IHillw^cvillc, Dated, “Nov. 7, (Evcidr.g) 1831. “ I hasten tocommunieate the following cheer ing intelligence. “ This day, the annual session of the Gcfiieral Assembly pf Georgia commenced its delibera tions. There was an unusual attendance of mem bers ; only one Senator being abs<nt, and 1 be lieve, but five Representatives. This is a strong indication iff the interest which the ensuing ses sion has ox Cited. Both Houses were organised about 11 o’clock, when they proceeded to the election of their offi cers, which resulted as follows . For President of Senate. Stocks, 38 \Vooteu 37—1 Cor Secretary of Senate. Harris, 33 Ciithbert, 38—1 Brown, door-kerpet—Darnell, messenger. For Speaker /louse of 11 enresen t aft res. Hull, 70 Bites CB Clerk. Dawson, 89 Julian, 4o—lo IToltzclaw, messenger—Stapleton, ilpor-keeper. f ”us Din !—This triumphant, result., shows c\ w’hat materials our present Legislature is com posed. They are really true blue. Suck'wits Iho discomfiture of live Lumpk'inites, after the ylectioas, that you cotild see them W ith faeds as longitudinal as Dominie Sampson’s— mentally ejaculating, “ Pro-di-gi-ovs !” • H 1 tlie Senate* we have_a.maLio!rit>'two and in the House, of about twenty. This will be mi efibctual curb to the propensities of our adver saries, and puts the rule of state, in the hands of the it> ijority, delegated by the people. With the double view of influencing Some ’urge electioneering bets, ar.d probably of effect ing the past and approaching Legislative, elec tions, seme reports were circulated by the apposi tion, for the purpose of prematurely elicitingfrom f!ie Executive, official information, in relation to the returns of the lale general elections for mem bers to the Legislature. Tire gentlemen, how ever, in their zeal for the public good, oversl. t their mark. Their letters (o Governor Gilmer, on the subject, passed unnoticed—they were trea ted with silent indifference. On Saturday- last, we had one of the most far cical exhibitions ever performed upon this Metro politan arena. It being understood that \ir. Wil son Lumpkin-, Member of Congress, and Governor eket, was approaching la grand Capital, a party of his friends, “ armed and equipped j according” to the laws of devotion to his powers, sallied out to meet him, nnd, with “ solemn steps and slow,” escorted him into the of his future renow-n. Our fellow-citizen, George M. Troup, is here, enjoying the unfeigned gratulations of his friends I and admirers. These, he receives with aiiabili jty and much heart-felt satisfaction. He appears to be in delicate health. Millcdgeville is all bustle confusion and ani mation. It is said that there is a larger number of visitors present, than at any former session. Evc ' ry part of the state, it appears, has sent its quota, not forgetting Belles and Dandi-zones, Beau and Dandies, who, in their gay prel.ienades, you would imagine, were chauntiug the old air of “ I'iiie times,” &c. SS I* We have received Governor Gilmer’s message to the Legislature, and by most laborious exertions have succeeded in presenting it to our rcadcr.i, THIS EVENINC 7, inar.iicipatioii of our to-mor row morning’s paper. Not expecting it quite-so soon, we had prepared our usual quantity and va riety of matter, and which we have laid over for ourneXt. Like “ Revolutionary Relics,” it will not spoil from keeping. When we have leisure, ! [when will that be !j we desire to make our re spects to the message : Here it is. 'lVesAav, Nov. 8, 1831. Turs DAY, at 19 o’clock, the Governor transmitted to bob’ branches of the Legisla ture, the following Kxrmivi: Dm itrtrr, C!\. J Milledgerillc, Nor. 8, 1831. k In obedience to official duty, 1 proceed to lay before yon an account of the transactions of the Iv-.ec.uti e branch of the Govcrmncnt, during the past year, and to recon ime ml lor your consideration* such measures as'arc deemed beneficial to the State. I lie resolutions which wore passed imme diately previous to the adjournment of your last session, upon the snhjcct of the citation ol the Chief Justice of the United States,! were carried into effect- The Indian Tassels I paid the forfeit of ins, life according to the demand of the knv, which li had violated.— A writ of error to stay the proceedings of tin Superior court in that case had lfcen sanc tioned by tiro Chief Justice, and like the citation to the Governor, sent through the Post Office to the officer, whose conduct it was intended to control, thereby cvincii'. the disposition not only to disregard the Highest powers tif the State, hut to trifle with its of ficers, by attempting to deter them from the discJtiMge of what was necessarily a very re sponsible ami painful duty. Within a few days alter ifie execution of Tassels, a letter was received from John Rosr, jn which he states, that the Cherokccs were about to apply to the Supreme Court of Uni ted States, for an injunction to restrain tfio State from exercising jurisdiction over them. This letter was nccompanied by a printed pa per without signature, purporting to he a bill in equity brought by the Cherokee nation a gainst the State of Georgia. In a previous message to the Legislature, I had expressed the opinion that the State could not consistently with a proper respect for its own sovereign rights, become a party befitee any court for the determination of the question, whether it had tiff power of subject ing the people Who reside, within its ac knowledged limits* to the Operation of its laws. That opinion having remained unchanged-, no official notice was taken of this proceeding.— The Suprtmd Court however took jurisdic tion of the case, but finally dismissed it upon the ground that the Chcrokces wero not a foreign nation. In making this decision, the court thought I pr 6; er to depart from the discussion of the particular point before it, to express opinions j exceedingly disrespectful to this State, inju-j rious to its rights..calculated to thwart the policy of the General Government, and to ■ keep alive the excitement which has arisCn j out of the conduct of cur I fid An affairs. The court affirms, that ho caee could be better Calculated to excite its sympathy, than \ the conduct of Georgia to the Chcrokces; that j they have been cOnfinualiy deprived of their j lands, until they at present retain no morel than is necessary for their comfortable sub sistence ; that they form a .State capable of governing thenideives; that the acts of the' government recognize them to he a State;l and that the courts are bound by those acts, | that they h.' vc the unquestionable a id hither- j to unquestioned right to the lands which they j occupy, and inornate to them that it will re dress their wrongs when the application is ; made in proper form. Permit me to call your attention briefly to] these several statements of tile court. And what wrong has Georgia done to its! Indian people, to call for this extraordinary .sympathy of the Court l They arc in the pea ceable possession of the ir occupant l ights. In-! traders have hr on removed from among them by severe penal laws. Noncof the burdens of government have been imposed upon them.— i Instead of being reduced to a remnant of land : not more than sufficient for their comfortable 1 subsistence, they are in tke possession of near! five millions of acres in this State alone, of which the aborigines do not cultivate more .l.in C. > tlwiv-limit ,TW MU -i mg more and moro destitute. Not however, from want of land, hut because their station is unsuitable for the imprSvemen* and happiness of an Indian .people. Is it true that tiic Oberokees liave an un questionable and hitherto unquestioned rifoit to the lands which they occupy ! These Ends j form portions of the territory of the States of ! North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama ai.d | Georgia. That portion which is in Tcnncs | see was ceded by North Carolina to the Uni- I ted States, upon the express condition, that it | .should form a common fund for the benefit of | the Union, and be applied to the payment of ! the public debt. That portion which is in I Alabama, was sold to the United States by tms State, lor a valuable consideration, mid before any attempt had been made to extin guish the title of the Indians, or to exercise jurisdiction over them. In consequence of which sale it was made a condition of the ad mission of the State of Alabama into the ; Union, that it should disclaim al! title to the ; Indian lands within its limits, the United i States declaring by law that it had the sole j and exclusive power to dispose of them. j t he 1 luted States has ackno-.vledgcd that this State has both the right ol sn ; ! and jurisdic tion over that portion which is within its limits. It is difficult loconceive of any proposition tending to more übsur-l consequences, than that laid down by the court, that any Indian . tube with w Inch the IJtiitCd States forms con j tracts, to which the term treaty may be affix ;i and, becomes a nation, capable ol governing ; itself, and entitled to the recognition of the I courts, as States. t would bring into being hundreds of States, utterly incapable of .self defence, or exercising one attribute of Na tional Sovereignty. If the opinion of the court be correct, then all the territory which was acquired by the original thirteen provin cial govcrnni'-nts of various Indian tribes, is j ct the property of the aborigines,- because (lie treaties by which it was obtained Were inva lid, net having been made by the'King of | Great Britain, who alone had the power of i entering into national compact.-*. Another difficulty equally embarrassing, 1 " 0!| hl out of ovr relations with (lie Chcrokees themselves.- A few years ago, the United States removed a portion of that tribe to the West of the Mississippi, and pla ced them upon the public land, and have since made several treaties with them. Which is nor. the ( hcrokce natron, the Indians who reside on the lands of the United S'ates, or! those wiflirn Georgia ? But whatever obliga ! nous the United Slates may have incurred by | its contracts with the ( Terokecs, it has no constitutional authority to limit or in nnvi manner alter the territorial rights, which le longed to ft*Stale, when it became a morn-! ber ol the Union. Upon no subject has there been more mis-! representation than in relation to the govern ment oi the Chcrokees, and the civilization of the people of that tribe. Upon exa.nina tion it will l,e found that the aboriginal people are as ignorant, thoughtless and improvident a* formerly, without any of the spirit and char acter which distinguished them when war' was their employment, and their support dr. |J rived from the forest. *j this State, with the excejition of one i nave acquired property, or beer,at all O’ edhy tfio improvements which have i made by others among them • Ti Cliicf, the President of th c “J Jiidges, Marshal and Sheriffs, and most persons concerned in the udmiiiiir-,e the Gov- Tiiincut are the ropeans, and many of them citizens of .r and thc adjoining State,,: and that the 1 dians instead of living under their ovn s i U ' usages and customs, have been compell!?' cuhmit toa system oflawsand police uY - unsuited to their condition. ’ Immediately after the law was m, SS( t. thonzing the formation of a <pu ui -j f l ' mounted men were organized under t’iu. rectum of active and intelligent commander and stationed within the territory occunfi i ' the Chcrokces, with orders to pS n passes upon the Gold Mines, to suppress a authority of the Indian Chiefs, and to ream all white men from among the Chera! who did not obtain licenses to confirm*if-’ residence as required by law. ThisX been pefartned in a manner which has tJ\Z cd great credit on the guard and ders, and rendered the most essential sc 1° the State, i lie difficulty of removimr less pen sons from tlip mines, proved e ' greater than had been at first anticipated -t ' as o,ll y overcome by the use of the VT vigorour measures. The .Mim., are \ situated so iar apart from each oilier ih a t • has been found impossible to prever ocr' 1 s- .nal trespasses upon them, 'j |,; B ca „ j' be prevented by having them worked uJ r the authority of State; An iinexp'fftfeti difficulty has been placed m the way bf an efficient protection of niine.Sj by tffe dejj.sior winch” has l, #c „ lately made by the Judge of the Western circrt that thc law which renders it penal for In (bans to dig for gold is unconstitutional 1 having been made thc special duty of the Governor, to take possession of the* mines and to defend tlitun from trespass, and fi ivg no doubt about (Ik; constitutionality thc law, 1 considered ihyseif Compelled to ooey its requirements. Orders were accord ingly given to the guard, to arrest all n c , sous wlm nuglil attempt to dig for 4l( leaving it to tile judiciary officers fo coum L or discharge as they might think prop, These orders have as yet prevented intri. sions. flu’ ? will not however continue to' thc case, if it should be ascertained that ti. law may be violated with impunity. Then is also reason to appreiiend, that the decisin ofthe court has thrown an almost insupcrqhi obstacle in thc Way bf the efforts, which ar now makirfg by the United States, to indue the CherokccS to emigrate. ()t the white inert tvho have been residing among the Clicrekco, two hundred and tlirci have taken the oath to support the Consuto lion and laws of the State* and received!, censes to continue th-dr residence. A mx obstinate aiid perversfe opposition lias heci made to the authority ofthe State, bv errte: persons rrprsenting themselves to he re.fi gioes Missionaries, end particularly tbos •who have anted under thc direction oftiif —P j irT . I.J |) . ij though some sectarian zeal was for the .1, ment exened through various misrepresent!! tions of the conduct of the government io wards (lu sh then, it soon passed away, jvki it was discovered that thev had been as af t hxdy opposed to the policy of the Gcncri; Goveinnieht, as to the enforcement of tin laws of Georgia ; that they Lad been treate with great forbearance; and that they wet. the mere instruments in the hands ofothtr of promoting aiid extending party sirifo. is an honorable distinction that belongs < our country, that its citizens are neitlicrp scribed tor their refigibus opinions, norp tented by them from punishment for air Twelve persons hare been convicted for i!!i gal residence, and sentenced to conlinemii in the Penitentiary. They have, ail lied pardoned upon the condition that they tyou. not again offend against the laws, except tu ‘ of the agents of the Boston Board, w fio iefe ed to be (lie subjects of Executive clcinenc upor, such terms. The enforcement of the Cherokee laws,la been completely suppressed within tf. Strte. No disposition has heitever be! evinced an the part of the Indians, to Ijccoa members of our community. 'J’he ntass o the people are indeed not prepared for it, auj would no doubt have long since accepted ti:l offers of the United States Govern..it J, ‘ give thorn possession of a territory to till " es f the Mississippi, in cxcliang fo their firesent occupant rights, hut for th< controlling influence of a class among tien almost exclusively made up of the descent ants of the whites; anil even that class vuk! perhaps before this time have consented t remove, but for the support and encounjc ment which they have received from differ erff parts of our country, and tha iniportanci w hicli tin ir leaders have acquired, by bfo marie the instruments of exciting t lie people ll oppose the measures of their GovcrmncU and directing popular resentment again those who administer if. ThcStusc owes ; to i tself, to put an end to tfiis state of tilings so far as it can lie done consistently with f -of the aborigines. Eor this purpose I would specially recoa mend, that you pass laws requiring under ot. equate penalties, all the Chcrokees wlioha; received reservations in fee, or been paid k their improvements arid who have again ec tied upon the lands occupied by the tril within this State, to remove therefrem. '1 ho law for surveying the Cherokee T ritory, into sections and districts, has he executed without difficulty. Onp of the W veyors (Bchj. 11. Sfurgcsj) failed to perfon ic duty assigned him. Ilis bond rinim" to be sued upon for the return of the pub 1 money, which he received and has not" counted for. 'l’lie Territory surveyed has bran off® ized-by the election of two Justices of to Peace and two Constables in each Section-" 1 lirsc means however arc entirely inad quale for the execution of thb laws, or th preservation of drier. TliO formation of county to be composed df al! the Tcrritor occupied by the Chcrokees within the and which now forms parts of the Counties < Carroll, Dekalb, Gwinreff, 11,-ill and H -