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MOPCT YTOIX.
TUKADVEIITISER<A INTELLIGENCER
Is published on Wednesdays and Fridays at Five
Dollars per annum, in advance. Advertisements
inserted at the usual rates: those sent without a
specified number of insertions, will be published
until ordered out and char joed accordingly.
r;j- Sales of Land, by Administrators, Exe
cutors, or Guardians, are required, by law, to be
hold on t* first Tuesday in the month, between
the hours often in the forenoon and three in the
-afternoon, at the couurt-liouse in the county in
which the property is situate. Notice of these
sales must be given in a public gazette sixty days
previous to the day of sale.
Sales of negroes must be at public auction, on
he first. Tues Say of the month, between the usual
hours of wile, at the place of public sales in the
county where the letters Testamentary, of Admin
istration or Guardianship, may have been granted,
first giving sixty days notice thereof, in one ot the
public gazettes of this r*t.ilt 1 , and at the door of the
court-house, where such sales are tube he'd.
Notice for the sale of Personal Property must
he given in like manner. Forty days previous to
the day of sale.
Notice to the Debtors and Creditors of an Es
tate must be published for forty days.
Notice that application will be made to the
Court of Ordinary lor leave t o setL Land, must be
published font months.
Notice for leave to sell Negroes, must he pub
lished for four months, before any order absolut
shall be made thereon by the Court.
JLICO. V PRICES CURVEA'T' a
*.*TICLE3. | PBtCKfl
777771 .1 each f tas @a so
Ale, bbl. 11 00
Bacon, 11. 10 © 12}
Beeswax, sb. 20
Butter lb. j @ 20
Candles, Georgia. •.. lb. ‘IS ((0, 17
“ Sperm, lb. 35 @ 37
HASTINGS lb. (>
GoFFEE lb. !•> @ HI
Corn Mjuai bush 50
Cotton, lb. 7 ©
Cotton Bagging, Flax yard 15 © 18
•• “ Hemp yard 18 5/1 22
Domestics, Shirtings yard! 8 © 10
“Shirtings, bleach’d yard 0 @ 12
“Sheeting, i brown, yard 10 © 12*
Fmii, Macltarol, Xo 1, bbl. 10 00
.. w 2, bbl. 000
u “ 3, bbl. 700
I'i.i‘l'r, Northern, bbl. 000
“ Domestic, bid. COO
Fr.bit, Raisins,bunch, box 000
*. “ Muscatel box 3 50
“ Demons, hun. None
“ ‘Prunes, lb. ffcaree.
“ Alraemls, lb. 1G @ 18
“ pigs lb. None
Fodder bun. 100 @1 25
Grain, Wheat..... •• bush 100
*4 Cow bush 371 @ 40
44 Oats bush 50
14 Bye, ~. busli Nominal.
44 peas, bush 75 1 OO
Glass, Windows xlO 50 It 450
44 44 ioxl2 50 It 500
44 44
Gunpowder keg 750 a 8
Hides lb. None
Iron, Swedes lb* G
14 Square lb. GJ
• Sheet lb. 10 @ 12
44 Hoop lb* 10 a 12
Bead, Bar, lb. 8
Bard, lb* 9 @lO
Jii me, Thomaston,. •.. cask None.
“ Ilock, cask 100
“ Slack cjisk 250
J.umbfr, Plank V M 12 00
4 * Scantling.. <*M 12 00
44 Timbers... sq ft 3
44 Shingles... tl* M 200
Molasses, gal 38 @ 50
Oils, Linseed gal 125 @1 37}
44 Sperm gal 1 12* @1 25
•Osnaburgs, yard 10
Paints, Red Lead... lb 20 @ 25
“ White Lead . keg 3 ,50 @4 00
“ Olive lb 8 @ 15
44 Litharge.... lb 20 @ 25
*• Whiting, ... lb 0} @ 10
Pork, bbl None
Plaister Paris, .... ton 12 00
Paper, Letter ream 350 ©, G
44 Foolscap .... ream 200 © 5
Rice hun. 450 u 500
S.u.t, Liverpool, .... bush 1 12 c 125
Salt Petre lb 15 @ 25
.Spanish Seoars, .... 4? M 15 00 20 00
44 American 3 l2
Shot, teg 200 a 225
Spirits, Cassia, lb 37
44 Ginger, .... lb 15
44 Pepper,.... lb 20
44 Pimento.... lb 30
Spirits, Brandy Cog. gal 175 ©2 25
44 44 Apple . ,gal Scarce
44 44 Peach, gal 75 ©1 00
44 Rum, St. Croix gal 125 @1 50
“ 44 Jamaica. gal j 1 75
44 44 N. E. .. -gal 55
44 Gin, Holland... gal 150 @1 75
44 44 Country,. gal GO
44 Whiskey gal 55
44 Cordials, hot 50 a 75
Steel, German,lb 18
44 American.... lb 12}
Sugars, St. Croix,. . lb 10 @ H
44 New Orleans, .lb 8 @ 10
44 Loaf lb 18 a SO
44 Lump lb 15 18
Tai.low lb j 8
Trace Chains, ..... pair j 50 @ 125
Tobacco, lb 1 12} a 40
Tea lb. ! I 25 a 2 00
Wines, Madeira,.... gal i 3 00 @ 5 00
“ Tenerifle,... gal 175 a2 50
44 Malaga,.... gal 75 a 87}
44 Port gal 250
44 Georgia, .. . gal 250
Weeding H0e5,.... each I 37} a 50
We understand that Cole rain, a small place
about forty miles above St. Mary’s on the riv
et, has received a large accession of business
w ithin a year past, in consequence of which
several additional stores liavc been establish
ed and a large quantity of goods sol?!. Its
trade is derived from a part of Florida and the
gosintieS of Irwiu, Lowndes, Ware, Appling
V.t Wcyne. —tiirrvwtnh frt'or^fam
aaOUNKLiI JF-iUKlii ;
From the Journal.
Dt'bnic >S9 Ihe ILtmti Ileli.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Friday, Die. 2.
The House being in committee of the ;
\\ itole on the I.and Rill.
.Mr. Habersham offered tt substitute mak
ing large reservations, to be subsequently,!
sold to create a fund for the education of
poor children, for interim! improvements and i
other purpose* of general utility ; and for;
extending the right of a draw to all the citi
zensof the State, <Src.
Mr. 11. said, in making the motion to re
ceive t!ie substitute in lieu of the original \
bill, he understood that under the rules of.
the House if the committee should agree to
receive the substitute, such parts as were L- j
jectionablc to a majority, might be then strick- j
on out, and such parts of the original bill tis j
might be deemed important to retain, could
be added by way of amendment; whereas if
the substitute was rejected, none of its pro
visions could again be presented for the con
sideration of the committee, but could only
be brought up again by way of amendment,
tff the original bill, after it had been reported j
to the House. That if such is the practice,
he would urge as a reason why this substitute j
should be received, that it contained •matters!
of great importance to the people of the j
State, matters of great and lasting importance j
for the consideration of the committee ; mat- j
ters for the consideration of which, every op
portunity should be afforded, in order to aj
tight decision. That by the course he pro-'
posed, those matters would be open for dis
cussion both in the committee and in the
House.
In offering his substitute, Mr. 11. said, he
had been actuated alone by a conviction—a
deep conviction, of the great and lasting im
portance to the people of Georgia, of a right
decision of some of the questions which it
presented. Sir, in deciding on these ques
tions, we arc deciding on the interests, the
prosperity, the importance and the standing
in the Union, of our State, for years, nav, he
would say, pet haps, for generations to come.
We arc deciding whether Georgia shall take
that rank among her sister States, in wealth,
and importance, to which from her local and
natural advantages, she is entitled and can
command ; or whether she shall sink to a
secondary grade in the ranks of the Union,
without wealth, without commerce, and with
out consideration. Sir, there is no State in
this Union gifted with greater natural advan
tages —her climate is most favorable to health
her soil furnishes such means for the accu
mulation of agricultural wealth, as arc not
exceeded by any other State, her forests are
unequalled in the quantity and quality of
their timber ; Iter qpltivatible districts are
not excelled in in the variety and value of
their products; her mountain region abounds
in mineral riches ; in gold, perhaps the least
valuable of all ; in silver : iron in such
abundance as to cumber the earth ; copper,
lead, and no doubt coal and marble of the
finest qualities; these arolicr mineral resourc
es; nearly all of which are now of little val
ue, because you are without the facilities of
transporting them to a market. For want of
such facilities most of tiiis mineral wealth
must continue to be valuless. Without these,
your forests, otherwise worth millions to your
people, must continue to stand an incum
brance on your land; and without these,!
your cotton, now so much depreciated, and!
daily depreciating in price, will soon become
unable to bear the costs of transportation to
a market. Such being the present condition
of our State, is it not a duty which wc owe to
ourselves, and to ottr posterity, to avail our
selves of all our advantages, and of all our
means to improve that condition ? And how
is it to he done? Can it be done without
funds? Have our people private capital to
do it? No, sir, our people from the opera
tion of the Tariff, and the depreciated value
of our great staple, arc fast sinking into pov
erty. They are now but ill able to pay the
taxes already imposed upon them. How then
will you be able to obtain the means to make
the natural riches of our State available ?*Can
they be obtained from the Treasury ? Look
at its condition, unless the ordinary expenses
of your government are speedily reduced, in
two years your Treasury will be exhausted.
How then are you to accomplish these great,
beneficial and indeed necessary purposes ?
It lias been the misfortune of .Georgia never
to have looked to the future. I mean never
to have looked to the future, as she ought to
have done. Tim time lias now come when
it is necessary for her to look to that future,
and to take into her serious consideration, how
her wants are to lie supplied hereafter. When
your Treasury is exhausted, which it soon
will be, and the capital of tiic Central Bank
is gone, where will he your means to meet
your ordinary wants, unless you impose ad
ditional taxes on the people? Besides, sir,
will the people to wltotu the capital of the
Central Bank has been loaned, bo able to pay
it back, when vour necessities may call for
it ? They were in want when they borrow
ed, and you ask them to repay when they are
still poorer.
Sir. 11. said in order to determine what j
ought to be done and to make that determi-!
nation wisely, it becomes necessary to iook toj
the past, the present and the future. What j
then is the history of the past? In the year!
1800 our State owned all the country extend- j
ingfrom this capital Westward to the Missis-!
sippi river; a territory not indeed then in her!
actual possession, but the fee simple of which
vested in her. Nearly all the territory is gone
from her forever, and there remains to us only
that remnant of which we arc now about fi
nally to dispose ; part of it, it is true, lias
gone into the bands of our people, but far the
greater part, has been sold. For two millions
of dollars, Georgia gave a country which now
forms two large States : and where now is the
purchase im./icv ? 'Flic remainder of her
lands, she distributed among her own citizens
by lottery; perhaps that policy was good;
i and she retained for liersi If only the fractions:
but what has become of the money for which
those fractions sold? Ail gone except the
capital of the Central Bank. Save that, and
this remnant of the Central Bank. Save
i tfrtt. and ♦>>i<* r< rrmt!:i> tf five million* of
acres now occupied by the Cherokeos, noth
ing remains of our great domain. But as if
a beneficent Providence not to punish us for
our unthriftiness, had still reserved for us that
which we should not and ought net to waste,
wo suddenly ami unexpectedly find that tiiis
little remnant of our territory is of more val
ue, than all wc have wasted ; and contains
within its bosom more riches than are suffici
ent for all our wants. And what are we
about to do with it ? Like the thoughtless
spendthrift, who has wasted one fortune, and
has unexpectedly come into tire possession of
another, we are about to waste that too.—
And when we shall have wasted all, we will
stand before the world without means and
w ithout credit; for who w ill trust the spend
thrift w ithout a pledge ? Who will make
.4pm is to us incur hour of need, without a
pledge ?. And w hat pledge will remain to
us to give ? The pledge of additional taxa
tion, which our people cannot bear. Sir, we
arc about to squander our wealth and to
place ourselves in the situation of the spend
thrift. If these lands were to be distributed
among our own people, such distribution even
of the whole, would be less objectionable, if
they were to be given to those who hate
grown up in the State and are linked to her
for life; who were born on her soil, and ex
pect to die on her bosom , and to those who
coming from abroad have made her their
home, who have stood by her in her trials,
watched over her interests, fought her bat
tles, and identified themselves and their fam
ilies, with her fortunes, it would be less ob
jectionable, nay it might he wise and just.
But no—few of those are to have any share
in the distribution. By the original bill pas
sed at the last, session and by the bill now
proposed, these valuable lands, mines, and
all are to be given for the most part to those
who have come among you within the last
. four or five years. And this too when your
own children are crying to you lor the means
of knowledge. When their infant voices arc
lifted from almost every cabin in your pine
barren, begging for the bread of knowledge,
which you cannot srive them.
It has been well said, that the school mas
ter is abroad, and that knowledge is power.
Sir, we must give our people knowledge to
give them power and consideration, in the
Union. We must give them knowledge to
sustain and preserve our republican institu
tions. And where tire your means of doing
this? Is your present school Line! sufficient ?
it is scarcely adequate to build a log school
in each school district? Will yon tax the
people? They have doubtless patriotism to
pay the tax, but have they the means 1 they
arc already depressed by their poverty, their
great staple has fallen from fit) to 8 cents
per pound. Would you metvase Us value to
the grower by affording to him a cheaper j
transportation to a market ? \\ here arc your
means to doit? The State must then bo left
without the benefits of canals, rail roads and
education, and for what? Because by distri
buting those lands you make your people
richer? No, you are giving them to those !
who came among you but yesterday, and ma
ny of whom may leave you attain enriched by
jour bounty. And let me a>k, said Mr. 11.
if such liberality would be extended by otljer
States to emigrants from this. Would North
Carolina or Virginia give to them gold mines,
because they had gone to settle on their soil ?
Vet it is this we are about to do, to thecxclu
sion of a great mass of our people. It was
to avoid this that lie had offered the substi
tute. It was to avoid all these evils that he
had proposed a reservation as large as he had j
done, but if the committee thought the res
ervation too great, it might, and he-was w ill
ing that it should be reduced.
These, Mr. 11. said, were his views in re
lation to reservations. In relation to the right
of draw, he would state that these lands
were to be given toonc-fifth of the people to j
the utter exclusion of the rest; and he asked, !
when gentlemen go home and say to their
constituents, that they, have voted against a
proposition to allow them all to participate,
will such constituents as are excluded, be
gratified for such service ? Will they not
rather say that such servants have been un
faithful, and that although they had drawn a
pine barren tract, not worth the fees of the
grant, they ought not on that account, to be
excluded from a share of the common pro
perty ; and that although years ago, they
had drawn such tracts, yet their children who
had never had a chance, ought not on that
account to be cut oil’ from a share in the
bounty of the State. Such would probably
be the reply, if not, such would surely he the
feeling in most cases ; he is sure that there
are many of his constituents who would not
thank him for suclt kindness.
There was another feature in the substitute
which he wished to explain. Heretofore, to
entitle a man to have his name put down for
a draw, it was not only necessary for him to
swear that he was entitled. This oatli was
taken to be conclusive. Hence there had
been many cases of perjury, ns was proved
by the number of fraudulent draws returned.
In Savannah, Mr. 11. said, he had understood
sailors would go forward and take the oath,
regarding it a custom house oath, sell their
chances and on the next day sail for Europe
jor the Northern State. Now, by the substi
tute, persons were required to give in their
; names in the district in which they reside,
| and by their neighbors they can easily prove,
; if it does not come within the knowledge of
the officer taking down the names, whether
j they are entitled or not. Hence tiic mode
!by oath. Mr. 11. begged pardon, for having
! intruded so long on the patience and indul-
J gence of the committee.
Mr. Warner said, he would offer a few re
marks in opposition to the motion of the gen
tleman from Chatham. He objected to the
substitutebecause 4 ilsoperation would lie tine
qual. The motives of its author, lie admit
ted, were laudable ; and lie would rejoice to
go hand in hand with that gentleman in the
education of the people, did ho believe the
object could be now accomplished. But, sir,
.all experience proves that to make public
enactments effective public opinion must go
with these enactments. Arc the people pre
pared to go now with those tlittt are proposed?
It they arc not, the proposition must be un
available.
The public lands have been distributed
hnretoloro by lottcrw In r/fnr I to the ev.
amaoAifttaaba
pcdiency of that system, Mr. W. said, he
would say nothing. It was sufficient to know
that the larger portion of the public domain
hud been so distributed. It was true, that
under the system many citizens had been un
fortunate, and it was also true that many
more would be still unfortunate. But to sell
this land and deprive those who had drawn
nothingof all chance, would be very unfair
and unequal. There was another objection
that would be apparent to those who had no
ticed the operation of the fraction sales at
Millcdgevillc. Companies had been formed,
who purchased the best of these lands, and
held them up for speculation, or to descend
to their children, while the laborious and in
dustrious part of the community, held under
them only as tenants. If these lands are
sold and the money goes into the treasury,
it will produce a state of things much to he
deprecated. Sir, of all things to be dread
ed in a republican government, a full treasu
ary and a poor people is the most so. The
real wealth of any country is . the wealth of
its citizens. It is not to lie estimated by the
amount of monev in treasury.
It must be apparent that by the sale of
these lands, an opportunity will be afforded
for the practice of much fraud on the com
munity. There arc always speculators, and
sharpers ready to filch from the honest their
rights. If the substitute should be adopted
it will afford an opportunity for monied capi
talists, to amass wealth, but also to sharpers,
who will flock around your capital to exercise
their favorite practices. Mr. W. regretted
that public opinion was not more decidedly in
favor of the views of the gentleman from
Chatham. But in the present state of things
he was compelled to believe that his efforts
in favor of education would lie abortive.—
Look at the existing poor school system. In
i's operation it is a curse to the country.—
Those who devised it were pure and patriotic
in their views. But the funds tiiev provided
have been drawn from the treasury, expended,
and their effects arc as yet unseen. In ma
ny cases speculators had drawn them and ap
propriated them to their own use. Why then
pursue the subject now, when all our experi
ence shows that the public mind is not pic
pared for the subject, arid when we know that,
to succeed in it, public opinion must go hand
in hand witli us. He would rather dispose
of these lands as heretofore. lie would pre
fer, to it full treasury, that tiic members of
the legislature should be compelled to take,
tor their pay, a draft at 10 or an hundred days.
Corruption will lie the consequence of a full
treasury. Look at the rush that is made for
office, and its emoluments, whenever there is
a change in the administration. If,sir, these
lands arc sold, the proceeds will be squait
dcieil, as treasure has been squandered oil
our rivers, without any good result. Let
them oc distributed among our citizens. Let
us cncreasc the number of our inhabitants,
and when the public mind is prepared for
the benevolent purposes which do so much
honor to tire gt ntleman from Chatham, Iqt us
attempt to accomplish them. But until then
.Mr. W. hoped to sec no such bill pass.
Mr. I’ktit made the following remarks :
Mr. Chairman, in rising to submit the ob
jections which 1 have to the substitute offer
ed by the honorable gentleman from Chat
ham, (Mr. Habersham,) I promise not to de
tain the committee long. My objections to
tiic adoption of that substitute arc two-fold ;
first, tny individual opinions are opposed to '
the policy indicated by it; anel secondly, it ■
contains what I know to be disagreeable, and i
particularly objectionable to the peoj le who !
sent me here. Having ascertained, sir, the j
will of tny constituents upon the subject of]
the Cherokee lands, I trust 1 may be al-;
lowed to conform myscif to it in the present
instance. I cannot consent to the extensive
reservations of lands proposed by the substi
tute upon your table, ior public purposes.—
Yet I confess, if I could discern the vast ad
vantages which the gentleman from Chatham,
(Mr. Habersham) seems to anticipate would
result from such reservations, l would cheer
fully vote for the substitute offered by him.
On the contrary, however, I rather apprehend
danger from such a state of things. Mr.
Chairman, I have always been accustomed to
look w ith jealousy upon a rich treasury. Of
all the curses with which republics have ever
been afflicted, none have been more bitter
titan those resulting from an overflowing
treasury.
But I beg the indulgence of the committee I
while I take up the substitute by sections and
point out my objections to each as they oc
cyr. The first section then is exceptionable,
because it describes the number of one hun
dred and sixty acres, as fractionablc parts of
surveys, whereas it is known that, bv the law
of the last year, that Quantity is a prize lot.
From the verbiage of this section, one would
suppose that the gentleman in drafting it bad
not remembered the provision of the last ses
sion upon this point. The second section of
tiie substitute is that, sir, about which l first
spoke ; our exception to it is, that it proposes
to make larger reset ves than I believe the pol
icy of the State requires : the third section of
this substitute is objectionable because of tiie
ambiguity, the obscurity, of a certain part of
it. After describing in the first part of the
section, who shall be entitled to a draw in the
lottery, there immediately follows this most
singulai clause, “and all other persons entitled
to ad ran- or draws under the act of which this
is amendatory, shall be entitled to one draw in
addition to the draw or draws which they arc
allowed by this act, and no more, except jx r
gons who were drafted to serve in the lute tears
against the British or Indians, and tv ho fur
nished a substitute, which persons shall not be
entitled to any draw on that account Now,
sir,l would thank any honorable gentleman
for the true meaning of the sentence which I
have just read. One construction of it is,
that the bill proposes to give to all persons
who were entitled to a draw under the law of
the last year, one draw more than the bill it
tsclf allows I —Another construction is, that
i persons who furnished substitutes in the war
j with Britain and the Indians shall have nond
i ditiona! draw.—And yet another construction
| is, that no person, except those who furnish
ed substitutes, shall have more than one ad
ditional draw, and not even they on that ac
count. To me, sir, this clause of the bill is
utterly unintelligible and I hope to be excu
sed for riot voting for what I carmnt under-
stand : stiff it may be my own fault and not
! that of the gentleman that prev< tits my under
standing tiiis portion of his bill. It so 1 beg
the pardon of the honorable gentleman, lor
!tii : verbal criticism which 1 bestowed upon
! his bill; and of this committee for my unncccs
i sary detention of it.
! But Mr. Chairman, I will oppose another
point of this section: it is that which makes
{ a four, instead of a three years residence in
Georgia n- ccssary to a draw. The gentleman
, from Chatham has remarked that, the beneii
leia! effect of this provision would be, to ex.
elude itinerant, unloeatad northern men from
possessing themselves of our resources, ami
jthen going home to the north or elsewhere,
! never hat ing intended to remain in the State.
: If excluding such men as these from a draw
! were the only effect to be produced by the
! bill, I would cheerfully support it: but, sir,
! it will also exclude thousands of South Caro
-1 liniuns who have been encouraged to emi
! grate, and to settle among us by your past le
jgislation and land laws. These South Caro
linians who, when they settle among us, no
j matter to which political party they attach
j themselves, are sure to be found among the
number of our most honest and most republican
'citizens; these, sir, 1 repeat will manv of
them, be excluded from a draw by the adop
tion of the substitute upon your table.
Let us now Mr. Chairman, consider the
fourth section of this bill or substitute: this
fourth section provides that no person shall
give in for a draw upon his own oath, but
shall prove his right to it to the satisfaction of
the receiver or taker. And if the receiver
cannot be satisfied, then proof is to be made
to a judge of the Inferior court, who, if lie
, believes the application a legal one, is to or
der the receiver to enter the applicants name
upon his list. This, sir, is a very circuitous
mode of proceeding and w ill not tend to dis-j
courage perjury as the gentleman supposes.]
If under the old law, men would swear to
lies for themselves, 1 have no hesitation in
believing that under the new one, they would
swear fer each other. If you will swear for
me, I will swear for you, would be the lan- j
! guage of such men.
Passing on to the fifth and last section of
this substitute, I protest most earnestly a
gainst it? adoption. This fifth section pro
vides that young persons who were not eigh
teen years old at the last drawn lottery, shall
not under certain circumstances ho entitled
to an additional draw now : Mr. Chairman, I
am at a loss to know why tin’s preference
should be given to men who were, eighteen
years old at the la-t lottery, over the young
men who arc eighteen years old at the present
time. Thousands of your young men who!
were born in Georgia and who perhaps wore!
never out of the State, have now arrived at
the age of eighteen years since the last
lottery. And why in the name of justice,
should they not be entitled to all the advan
tages which you allow to those who were
eighteen years old at the last lottery. Sir,
there is no reason or justice in it and 1 there
fore solemnly protest against the adoption of
any such measure.
Mr. RYAN thought the direction given in
Mrs. Glass’ cookery book would apply here
—“first catch the fish”—So if we are to de
termine to survey and occupy the country, let
us so determine first, and then go into the
consideration of the matters so ably discussed
by the gentleman from Chatham- Otherwise
it was useless legislation to go into details.—
The question whether wc shall survey the
country is one of minor importance compared
with the great question whether we shall as
sume the control of the wliqle country. The
House has had now an intimation from the
Governor of his views, it was for the House
to act on them or not. Ilis (Mr. R’s.) senti
ments on the tvhoie subject were well known.
They were made known at the last session.—
One branch of the proposed reservations, he
believed woyld include 20 districts. On the
Subject of reserves and the effects to flow
from them, the arguments of the gentleman
from Chatham were good in the abstract. As
regarded internal improvement, Mr. 11. said,
he was in favor of it. But he w ished that !
measure to he accomplished, not by reserving!
this territory. He could not consent that so !
extensive and valuable a territory should be 1
throw n into market, so that monied capitalists
; might engross it, and hold it. For tiiis must
’ he the result according to the argument of
j fhe gentleman from Chatham; —that argil
] incut being founded on the alleged poverty of,
j the people. On the subject of a full treasury,'
Mr. R. said the gentleman from Crawfcrd
had expressed his ideas better than he could
do it himself. He would let the money re
! main in the hands of the people; and when
: the State wants it, let the people he culled on
i h ,r it- He had confidence in the patriotism
.ot the people. 1 hey would raise the sums
i wanted w hen convinced that was necessary.
! Then appropriations would be made advisedly,
j The people would enquire how the money
went. But sell the land, and the [>eople, not
having felt how tiic money was raised, would
l not look very particularly alter its disbursc
i uiciit. lie did not rise to make an argument
Jon the subject; hut lie must remark that the
j argument* of the gentleman from Chatham are
not new. i hey have been used in this House
frequently before to-day.
With regard to the education or the poor,
Mr. R. said he had great doubts ns to the
policy of such a law. l[ e was disposed to
believe that all such laws as arc intended to
make provisions for paupers, had the effect to
increase their number. But in this State, as
the experiment had been commenced, hr
would let it go on. Ills information on this
subject, if was true, was slight. But he
thought if the fund appropriated for that pur
pose had been retained and suffered to accu
mulate, it might now perhaps have been pro
ductive of benefit. But another policy bad
been puisued, and lhe fund had been fritter
ed away so as to he productive of no good.
lie believed the house was now ready for the
question—-that it would prefer the original
lull, take it up and let such amendments he
offered to it as might make it meet the views
of flic majority. Jf we say go on and dispose
of the country, let us determine that point
first, and then provide for the details of tin
subject.
Mr. H ABERSHAM replied at some length
to the objections raised agtfinst his substitufe,
j and explained 1 idly ui, ( j c ■
j ol ' 't which had appeared io‘‘u’-/'’"'" I
1 ambiguous or uniiitdn,>jMU * el "*■
| Mr. AFHLEY rentald’ tir .. f
; bail! been rec< iveded from the Go'*''*'l
folding Ins views of the subject fi, | 1
committee would rise am. r , ..0n ...
was necessary, he thought, that ! f U
•< <j- '-4. i *1
considered together. u
Mr. OLIVER thought the commit, B
as well prepared to decide on th ( - ■
now as it ever would be. And b f ■
decision was made, he would tro„l? I
committee with all w remark-., u , B
on the substitute as cvincirnMlu r .“"B
"lent " ,otivCß containing principal
:to he deprecated. Sir, in this counirv B
| the will of the people is known, i j s
| of their lepresentalives to obey thatuinß
. tins subject that will has been clear a iB
! pl'cit from the year I SOI down to il,„, I
i t,a - v * Th °y settled down on tlJiB
j system as the correct policy i„ rcgard ,'B
i pubite lands. And that system must n Ji
[ conformed to. He believed the 1
! lru "> to be actuated by the bo* 1
tnes, and a pure devotion to the interest!
the rising generation. But he believed !
it thecs lands were sold, it would cr t ß
monopoly; or individuals would combJ
get possession of them. Individuals can 1
age their ov. n affairs better than their runl
me.it car. for them. Let this property I
go into die hands of" individuals. If lt V
served, you will sell the whole, and what!
become oi the proceeds of the sale! f|
will soon be scattered, and no goodie!
result. \\ hat benefit has been produced!
the last ten yents by your appropriate!
free schools? Have they done the pooß
the rich any good ? Has any man cducß
by means of these funds risen to rininß
in your State ?—Lcavo this property m|
bands of the people, and they uill'cduß
their own children. If the mines arc ri B
ed, and not sold, (lie State must cider B
them or rent them. Then peculation!
commence, and frauds w ill he eomiintt<!
Then will you open a wide field to fraud |
corruption, such as has been opened in o!
countries under likecircumstauces. LoB
the effect of such a policy on South .\wn!
and on Spain, once the most chivalrousuß
on earth. In a short time you see tbcemifl
rics of England taking her under tin irdiß
and Napoleon passing the Alps for licrß
cy. What is her situation now ? Sunk—!
graded —a century behind her neighbors!
improvement. Look at Germany— once!
most powerful nation in Europe. Wiiatis B
situation now ! Divided— scattered—let id
flncncc destroyed, and her power broken!
All because she had too much money. !
China, the mines were worked tor a while!
But the Emperor, observing their effects!
his people, finally shut them up. If trek!
them in the possession of the State lien, ’I
same effects must follow. But if tin yurt!
t ided out among the people, then if iter a!
worth working, they will be w rought,ami!
cry dollar that their private owners get l - !
them will be applied to some useful puq!
For these and many other reasons, lie lioil
the question would be taken on receivings
substitute, and that it would be rejected. 1
'idle remainder of this day’s proceed!'!
lias been already published. ]
UNITED STATES BANK. 1
We are indebted to a friend at Milledgcvil
for the following
REPORT
Of the Commitle an Banks—On tkesuljciim
rc-chartering the Bank of the United Mem
The committee on Banks to whom was
red the resolution directing than to inqm
into the expediency of instructing theS '<>l
tors and requesting the llepresenlati rff|
Georgia in Congress, to oppose a return
cf the charter of the Bank of the, l nil
Btales, respectfully submit the follotri I
report:
Your committee will not at this time,®
tempt an investigation of the conslimtw®
power of ( ongress, to charter the Bunk ot I
United State* : That question has been ■
ready raised, and elaborately discussed, 'fl
flier admitting nor denying its constituti®
ality, they propose to treat the question, tfl
elusive!) as one of expediency, be lie vug tS
to be the duty devolving on them by dwte™
lotion referred. That a monied instiwu®
having extensive resources, numerous tie*
dies and intimate connection with the bin®
ral Government may, and does exerciseasß
sible influence over the commercial anti j®
liticnl relations of our confederacy, cannot®
questioned—That it is dangerous to such®
fluenco to a corporate body consisting wl
few individuals; not belonging to any w®
dmate branch of the Government, anil tin®
fore irresponsible to the peopled the sty®
states constituting the Union, is equally o "®
Such an institution the Bank ol tlic Uu®
States, is believed to be. No one "bo j®
compared its capital stock with that off®
Banks, will doubt that its resources are '®
It is a fact of general notoriety, that its araß
ches are now more numerous than the s , t | l
of this confederacy, and may, and P r °' l ' I ‘j|
will, yet be increased in number. lj ic tj
tcrest w hich the General Government has I
it as a stockholder, and the consequent l'®
er of appointing a given number of elirce a|
prove their intimate connection. It nia ) 1
be improper however, to advert especial.' I
some of the improper; influeneies, that
bo anticipated from- an indiscreet or eitf®
exercise of powers residing in that institu ®
Your committee are of opinion that tins ®
limy at pleasure materially injure the c" l ®
cy of the several states. Its director- ay®
empowered by tiie charter to t.'M'j
as many branches in any eif the states, ,1P J
lie deemed expedient, with or witho* 1 * “■
consent, have availed themselves ol k ll • ■
vilege, by establishing offices of ciiscoutj 1 “■
deposit hi all the commercial cities ol 1 1
nion. Each office or branch, comes * ll
ry decided advantage in immediate eon'i 1
tion with the state hanks by which it•' ,1
rounded. This advantage results eh" *■ , 1
three causes : Ist. Its capability olaforu l
greater facilities for exchange: 2d. *|j' 1
extensive circulation of its My, " ' I
agency in collecting the revenue et tn* 1
■i'iil Govr-ntnent. First; Kit'd) bra" 1