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aeon eft?vc reiser ~ Thursday mor ni\g, Doc. is. F RO\I MfLLi:i,'(Vj.;\ iLIeT We leafn from a menib r of the Legisla ture, who arrived from Milledgcvillc in this rnoriiHit’s stage, that the JSil!abolishing the Penitentiary system lias passed the House of Representatives by u majority of between 20 mi l 00—and that the Bill for incorporating a ■Bank in Clarksville, Habersham county, was p jected by an overwhelming vote. The labor which we have bestowed upon t:n I’resident’s Message, for the pur- i pose of laying n before our reach rs at this"] early hour, will preclude the appearance of! trie Aiivektisur to-morrow. Wc flatter c, ir . • self that our patrons will bay- ;,o objection to our thus it.iticipalSri t!iu regular day of pub- Cs.ltion. e hasten to lay before our readers, ■ * President's Message, received by this morning's turn). Our anxiety to lay this al ways ii/rresting document before the readers at the earliest period, preclude the possibility of remarking upon it at present. J?rom the, President of the United ft'-.it os to k Houses of Congress, at the commence. •of the First Session of the F2d Con . gross. Ft !inr Cit-.ens nf the Senate a id if wise of tit jiri rente tires : The represent tinn of the people has been renewed for the twenty-second time si .re the constitution they formed has Item: in topee, lor near him a century, the kief magistrates who have been am. f siveiy chosen hat e made their an-i na.Jet. ' nicatio i of tin- state of the; nation i> i . representatives. General ly. these communications have been of the most gratifying nature, testifying an advance in all the improvements of sa niai, ami all the securities of political life. Hut frequently, and justly, as you have been called on to he grateful for the Bounties of Providence, at few periods have they been more abundantly or ex ten dvely bestowed than at the pfesent : rarely, if ever, have we had greater rea son to congratulate each other on the •continue ': am! interesting prosperity of our lieloved country'. Igriculture. the first and most impor tant occupation of man has compensated 1' labors of the husbandman with plen- ] fife.: crops of all the varied products of oer xtonsive country. Manufactures! fin e been established, in which the funds of the capitalists find a profitable im-i movement and which give iinplovment: and subsistence to a numerous and iu erei sing body of industrious and dexte rous mechanics. The laborer is reward ed by high wages, in the e obstruction of i w< ks of internal improvement, which ft: extending with unprecedented rapidi ty- ocioact is steadily penetrating the recesses of nature ami disclosing her se crets. while the ingenuity of free minds is .subjecting the elements to the power of man. and making each new conquest •auxiliary to his comfort. By oar mails, whose siieml is regularly increased, and wfo.e mates are every year extended.! lite communication of public intelligence| and private business is rendered frequent and safrv—-the intercourse between dis trnt cities, which it formerly required i weeks to accomplish, is now effected in a few days; and in tiie construction of, rail roads, and tqe application of steam power, we have a reasonable prospect that the extreme parts of our country ' 1 will be so much approximated, and those I most isolated by the obstacles of nature, j rendered m accessible as to remove an apprehension sometimes entertained, that the great extent of the Union would en danger its permanent existence. If. from tlm satisfactory view of our agriculture. manufactures, and internal improvements, w e turn to the state of our i navigation and trade with foreign nation i! and between the Stale, we shall scarcely find jess cause for gratulation. A bene-' ticimit Pro' idencc has provided, for their exirrise and encouragement, an exten-j si vc cost indented by capacious bays, no-: hie rivers, inland seas, with the country! productive of every material for ship! building ami every commodity for gain-' lb! commerce, and filled with a popula tion active, intelligent, w ell informed, I a: and fearless of danger. These advan-! rages are not neglected : and an impulse has lately been given to commercial en frrprise. which fills our shipyards with new oustrurtions, encourages all the arts and branches of industry connected with them, crowds the w harves of our cities w ith vessels, and covers the most distant eras w itn our canvass. Let us be grateful fer these blessings fthe beneficent Being who lias confer red them, and who suffers us to ntiul ,r e a reasonable hope of their continuance and extension, while we neglect not the m arts by which they may he preserved, ji •, e may dare to judge of fin future * Vsignv by the manner in which Ms past Vjl* ii.c i'v national prosperity to utjkim? on fife 1 pi i 'rvation of our liberties—our nation al i°"cc on our fcdcrsl union—and our individual happiness on the maintenance ot our State rights and w ise institutions. It wc are prosperous at home, and re spected abroad, it is because wo are free, united, industrious am! obedient to the laws. White we continue so, we shall, by the blessing of Heaven, go on in the happy career we have begun, and w hich has brought us. in the short period of our political existence, from a population of three to thirteen millions—from the thir teen separate Colonies to twr.ity-four United States—from ttj Weakness to strength feel,, a rank scarcely marked "l ..*•• settle ot Nations to a high plactfin their respect. This last odvantage is one that has re sulted. in a great degree, from the princi ples w hich have guided our intercourse with foreign Powers, si me we have as sumed an equal station among tiiem and hence, the annual account which t!ie Executive renders to the country, of the manner tn which the branch ot iiis duties lias been fulfilled, poves instructive and salutary. 11 ■ pacific and wise policy of our Government kept us in a state o! neutral ity hiring the wars hat have, t ditfi-r --ent periods since our political existence, born carried on by other power ; but this policy while it gave activity and extent to our commerce, exposed it in the sain proportion to injuries from the belliger ent nations. Hence h ve arisen claims of indemnity for those injuries. Eng land- Fraece. Spain, Holland. Sweden Denmark. Naples, and lately Portugal had all in a greater or less • grcc inirin ged our neutral rights. Demands for reparation were made upon all. They have had in all, and continue to have in some cases, a leading influence on the nature of relations w ith the powers on wliom they were made. Uf the claims upon England it is un necessary to speak, further than to say. that the state of things to which their prosecution and denial gave rise has uoen succeed; (1 by arranguiienks, pro ductive of mutual good feeling and ami cable relations between the t wocouni rips,, which it is hoped will not be interrupted. One of tlmse arrangement; is that rela ting to the colonial trade, which was communicated to Congix-ss at the last session ; and although the short period du:mg w hich if has been in force will not cnanic me to form an accurate judgment o! ns operation, there is ever l . l'cason to be ieve that it will prove highly henefi cial The trade thereby authorized has employed, to theflOth September last, up wards of SO.i • : > tons of American, and tons of foreign shipjiing in the outward voyages' and. in the inward, nearly an equal amount of American, and i,(GO only of foreign tonage Ad vantages, too, have resulted to our agri cultural interests from the state of the trade b tween f' vnadaaml our Territo ries and States bordering on the St. Law rence and the Lakes, which may prove more than equivalent to dm loss sustain *1 by the discrimination made to f.vor ■!.? trade ot the Northern colonies with the V cst Indies. After our tr nsition from the state of co lonies to that of an independent ation. many points were found necessary to be settled between us and Great Britain - Among them was the demarcation of boundaries, not deeribed with sufficient precision in tne l'reaty of Peace. Some of the lines that divide the States and Territories of the United States from the British Tovinces have been definitively fixed That, however, which separates as from the Provinccss of Canada and New Brunswick to the North and the East, was still in dispute when 1 came into ollice. Hut l found arrangements made for its settlement, over which I had no control. The commissioners who had been appointed under the provisions of tlie Treaty of Ghent, having been unable to agree, a convention was made with Great Britain by my immediate prede cessor in ollice, witli the adv ice and con sent ol the Senate, by which it was agreed that the points of difference w hich have arisenin the settlement of the boundary line between tho American and British dominions, as described in the sth Arti cle of the Treaty of Ghent, shall be re fereed as therein provided, to some friend ly sovereign or state, who shall be invi ted to investigate, and make a decision upon sucli (mints of difference and the king of the Netherlands having, by the late President awl his .Britannic Majesty, been designated is such friendly sover eign, it became mv duty to carry with good faith, the agreement so made into full effect. To this end 1 caused all the measures to taken which were necessary to a full exposition of ourcti.se to the Sovereign Arbiter; and nominated as Ministers Plenipotentiary to his court, a distinguished citizen of the State most ia.crested in tiie question, and .-w ho j:ad Jjjs.cn pne of the jtgejit? prcvFmj. Vv employed for dcrfuug tie eonti'cefc:4y. On the 10th day of January last, ilis Ma jesty the King of the Netherlands deliv ered to the Plenipotentiaries of the Unit ed States. and of Great Britain, his w rit ten opinion on the case referred to. The papers in relation to the subject will ! communicated by a special message to the proper branch of the government, with tin perfect confidence that its wis dom will adopt such measures as w ill se cure an amicable settlement of the co ;- troveysy, without infringing any constitu tional right of the Stab s immediately in terested. It affords me satisfaction to inform you that suggestions, made tn my directions, to theChurge De’ Affaires of his Britrm ic Majesty, to this Government, have had their desired effect in producing the re lease of certain American citizens, who were imprisoned for setting up the au thority of the State of Maine, at a place in the disputed Territory under the actual .jurisdiction of His Britanic Majesty. From this, and the assurances I have re ceived, of the desire of the local authori ties to avoid any causes of collision, J have the best hopes that a good understan ding will be kept up until it is confi.med by the finrl disposition of the subject. The arnica le relations which now subsist between the United States and Great Britain, the increase, g intercourse between their citizens, and the rapid ob literation of unfriendly prejudices in which former events naturally gave rise —concurred to present this as a fit period for renewing our endeavors to provide a gaiii.->t tne recurrences of causes of irrita tion. which, in the event of war between Great Britain atr> any other power, would inevitably endanger our peace. Animated by the sincerest desire to avoid siwli astute of things, and peacefully to secure, under all possible circumstances, the rights end honor of the country. 1 have given such instructions to the Min ister lat ly sent to the (.’ouit of London, as will cv incc that desire ; anil if met by a correspondent and eposition, which we cannot doubt, v. iil put an end to causes of collision, which, w ithout advantage to either, tenn to estrange from each other, two nations who have ivery motive to pre serve, not only peace, bu an intercourse of the most amicable nature. In my massage at tne ope.ii ig of tho last session of Congress, i c.\q>r< ssed a confident hope that tile justice of our claims upon Fiance, uTgou as they were with perseverance ! signal ability by our Miuist. r there,.would finally he uel.nowU.dyed. This hope has been realized. A treaty has boon si.-niccl vvhicli will immediately be laid before the Scuam for Os approbation ; and which containing stipu lations that, rei.pt ro Jz-gislative acts, must have the roiicuri'oncc'ofbotli Houses before it can be carried into effect. By it, the French Government engage to pay a sum which, if not qnitev ipial to that which may bo found duo to. our citlzms, will yet, it is bcli ved, under nil circuinstunces, he deemed satisfac tory hv limse interested. Tim offer of a gross *m:i instead oft!) satisfaction of eubh indi vidual claim, was ace- pled, because the only aheruatiKs wa re a rigorous exaction of the w hole amount stated to be due on each claim, which rnip 'it, in some inst uic*'.s, be exagge rated by d< sign, i.i others overrated through erjor, and which therefore it would have been bot:i udgraeious and unjust to iiave insisted on, or a .-wUfoneni by a mixed commission, to which the French uegociators vvero very *iv< rse, and which experience in otlier eases had shewn to be dilatory, and often wholly inadequate to the end. A comparatively small sum is stipulated on our part, to goto the ex tinction of ail claims by French citizens on our Government : and a reduction of dutic3 on our Cotton and tin ir Wines has been a greed on, as n consnlcratioii for the renunci ation of an important claim for commercial privileges, under the construction they gave to the Treaty foi the cession of Louisiana. Should this Treaty receive the propersancr tioni a source of irritation will be stopped, that has, for so many years, in some degree alienated from each other, two nations, who deem interest, as well as the remembrance of early associations, ought to cherish the most frieiidlv relation——an encouragement will be given for perseverance in the demands ofjus ticc, by this new proof, that, if steadily pur sued, tlvy will Vie listened to—and admoni tion will be offered to those Pow ers, if any which may he inclined to evade them, that they will never be anacdpried. Above all, a justconfidoncc will be inspired in our follow citizens, that their Governmcn will exert all tbopovvs with which they have inv*tcd it, in supjicrt of (heir just claims upon Foreign na tions: at the same time that ih frank ac knowledgement ami provision for the payment of those which were addressed to our equity, although uusupporti and by legal proof, .dlordsa practical Ulustration of our submission to t;e divine rule of doing toothers Vriuu ws desire they should do unto us. Sw eden and Denmark having made com pensation for the irregular'i'v connnim and !iv tlioir vessels, or in their ports, to the perfect satisfaction of the p.urtii scone' rrmd ; and '.a ving renewed tho Treaties of Cotnmerc en tered into with them, our political and com mercial r lations w ith those I'owors continue • > ii tuc most fro ndly footing. Willi Spain, oir differences up to *!i 2C . ciFclirtary, lqlP, w'?.- syf'l. Itbv f aTr •; |ty bt that ; ant at it sdi.^f 'sequent period* our commerce with the Statej* I formerly colonies of Spain, on the continent of America, w T as annoyed and frequently in, ! mrrupted by Jicr puoiic and private armed ships. They captured many of our vessefcr , a lawful uomrrrrce, and soid them and the if j cargoes ; and a* one time to our demands tor i restoration and indemnity, dpjvoscd thy igation, that they were takeii m violation of a j blocdadc of all t!io ports ot those States, blookade was declaratory only, and the inail ! equacy of tiio force to maintain it, was so ma nifest, that tni3 allegation was varied to p j charm: of trade in contnbami of war. TtusJ j in its turn, was also found untenable; and tim j ministes whom 1 sent with mstruettonr ti ! jiresa lor the reparation tout was due to otiS ; injured fellow citizens, lias transniitteu an j answer to his demand, by which the capsurcv i are declared to liavc been legal, and ur: jus tificc, bccouse the independence of the Mates. of America never having been acknowledged bv Spain, sue had a right to prohibit trade w ith them under her old colonial laws. This ground of defence w r as contradictory, not onlyt to those which had been formerly .alleged, but to the uniform practice and established, la.ws of nations : and tiad been abandoned lij i Spain herself in the convention which grant-* j cd indemnity to British subjects for captures, made at the same time, under the same cir - cumstances, and for the same allegations w ith those of which urn complain. I however indulge the hope that further re* ' flection wilUcad to other view s, and feel con | dent that uwu liis Cailiolic Majesty shall ba convinced of the justice of the claim, liis de* ; sire to preserve friendly reunions between tho j turn counties, which it is my earnest endea | vor io maintain, will induce them to accede I!o our demand. I have therefore despatched! j a special messenger with instructions to ouc > Minister to bring the case once more to liis j consideration; to the end that if, which 1 I cannot bring invsdf to believe, the same de*- j r.ision. that cannot be deemed an unfriendly i denial of justice, should be persisted in, tho j matter may, before your adjournment, belaid ] before you. the constitutional judges of w hat, j is proper to be done when negotiation for re; ! ih" ss of injury tails, I The conclusion ofa Treaty for indemnity j with France seemed to present a favorable op* j portunity to renew our claims of a similar nay turn on other powers; and particularly in the, j case of those upon Naples, more especially as in the course of fonnea negotiations witn I that power, our failure to induce France tn t render justice was used as an argument against j us. 'The desires of tha merchants who wens j the principal sufferers have therefore beer*, acceded to, and a mission lias been institu ti ••! for tiie special purpose of obtaining fot ! them a rep* ration already too long delayed. : This measure having been r- solved on, it was i put in • xecution without wailing for the mcct -1 ing of Congress, ’.* cause th. state of Eurojio (created an appreliensiori ofev nts that might have rem'erul our application ineffectual, j Our demands upon the Government of the | Two Sicilies are of a peculiar nature: The ‘ injuri* son which tin y tbumkul are not denied 1 nor are th*: atrocity and pi rt’nly under rvhichi • fhoa** injuries wer* perpetrated, att nqit- .1 to jhe ext- nuated. The solo "round on which, i ind iimity has been refused is the alleged il* j legality of the tenure by which the mon arch : wlio made the seizures held his crown. This j defence, always unfounded in any principle! ! of the law of nations —now universally üban ioned, even by those powers upon whom tho responsibility for acts of past rulers bore thot : most heavily, will unquestionably be given up ! by His Sicilian Majtsty ; w hoso counsels will j receive an impulse from that high sense j honor and regard to justice vvhica are said to ! characterize him? and l feel tint fullest cou* ! tide rice that the talents of the citizen commit;- I sioried for that purpose will place before hirri (.the just claims of our injured citizens in sucli 1 a light as will enable me, before your adjourn-. ! merit, to announce that they have been adjus i led amt secured. I‘rcciso instructions, ti j iln: * fleet of bringing the negociatiou to u speedy issue, have be* n given and will lio ] obeyctl. j In the late blockade of Terceira, some otj | the Portuguese fleet captured several of out t vessels and committed other excesses for w ince reperation was demanded; and 1 was on the point of despatch!!)" an armed force,to prevent any recurrence of a similar violence and protect our citizens in the prosecution of lawful commerce, when official assurances ofi w hich 1 relied, made the sailing of the ships unnooossay. ISsiice that period frequent p;o*> miscs have been unde that full indenruty >!iall he given for the injuries inflicted and tho losses sustained. In the performance there has been some, perhaps unavoidable delay J, but 1 have the fullest confidence that my earn est desire that this business may at once N* closed, which our Minister has been instruct-* oil strongly to express, w ill very soon be gra tified. 1 have the better ground for this hope, from flic evidence of a friendly disposition which that Government lias shewn by an no tuM reduction in the duty on rice, tin produce of our Southern Stat s, authorizing the anti cipation that this important article of our ex noj-t will soon be admitted on the same foot :ig witli that produced by the most favored nation, \i ith the other powers of Europe, we have fortune.ti ly had no cans, of discussions for th%? ,1 r< ss of injuries. \S ith the Empire vf Kussians, our political connexion is of th; most friendly, and our commercial ofthe mcr,* iib 'ral kind. We enjoy the advantages cl ;,.r.-:g..tion and trade, gived to the mort rr -j - >jet it hti- not suited their••;