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» * Qlexsirgist 2B|£&Mn ^-yelegtaplj an*s 3Jw»im»l & M«3S»mgec* * «rau ot the Telcjtruph and JlMutii- ger. Postage free to all Editions. Daily Telegraph and Messenger, 910.00per yr , 5.00 8mot .. .. «. •« 3.50 3 mo*. Dally Telegraph and Messenger and Southern Farmer’s Moethly HJiOperyr. Weekly Telegraph and Messenger 2-00 ” .. .. •• •• “ 1.00 Smo* Weeh’y Telegraph ana Messenger and Southern Farmer's Monthly BJZOperyr Remit by P. O. Order or Registered LtU t. to ’H. B. »ATIMI«n«icr. FRIDAY, JANUARY 14. " Ex-Representatives Elliott and Ratney, of South Carolina, both hold clerkships at Washington. Virginia Sxow Storm.—'There was a very heavy snow storm in Petersburg, Virginia, Friday, and along the Petersburg and Weldon railroad. The weather was Very cold there. An inch'of rainfall is an immense quantity. There are 0,272,640 square inches to the acre, and an inch of rain on an acre would be equal to 22,622.5 gal lons, weighing 113 tons. Tiikke is said to bo a representative in Congress from Alabama who has never jnade a speech or offered a resolution or a bill. He draws his pay promptly and is Very popular in his district. Toe late Attorney-General Akerman, of Georgia, left a widow and five son i liv ing quietly in their home near Carters- vilie, «a. Mrs. Akerman is, unaided, pre paring her boys for college. The Utah Delegate.—In the con tested election case of Campbell against Cannon, Governor Murray on Friday last gave the certificate of election to the for mer, the anti-polygamist candidate. It Is said that Mr. W. W. Corcoran, of \9ashlngtou, has given away in all $3,- 000.000 in public benefactions and $1,- 000,000 in private charities, and that this was about three-quarters of his fortune. Mbs. Susan Jack60.v, the widow of Jackson who shot Colonel Ellsworth in the Marshall House, Alexandria, Yirgiuia, at the beginning of the war, died several days ago at Langley, Fairfax county, Vir ginia. Senator Whyte, of Maryland, has in troduced a bill in the Senate authorizing the purchase of one of General Washing ton’s swords for $2”,000, to exhibit at the Yorktown celebration. New York owns two of Washington's swords. The books of the centennial exhibition have just been closed, and it appears that $11,500,000 have passed through the Chief Auditor's hands since the board of finance was organized. The stockholders had re turned to them twenty-three and a half p«r cent, of their original investment, and Undo Sam was repaid the $1,500,000 loaned to the board, but for some time mistaken by them for a gift. There is a good deal of talk about what “army circles” think. There are two kinds of army circles. One Kind talks in the warm lobby of a Washington hotel, precise to a button, and anxious as to a frown on the fringe of a mock turtle ■oup, while its members hold their fingers over a register heater, and the other kind fights cold Indians and is far away from home, Washington and lobby. Mrs. Albion K. Paris, widow of governor of Maine, is SCI years old and lives in Wasbingtou. Her busbpnd was governor when LaFayette visited the State. It is said that General LaFayette left Portland on a Suuday morning, and the Governor told the committee who had the visitor in charge that it was his cus tom to worship God on Sunday, and he could pay the visitor no official courtesies at his departure. The Evening Telegraph, in concluding an able article in opposition to granting pensions to civil employes of the govern ment, says: “The whole suggestion of pen sioning our civil servants is wrong, because it is undemocratic; it is altogether at war with the spirit of our institutions; and it is strong evidence to the excellent sense of propriety of the country that it has thus far received with manifest disfavor all propositions to pension in any way “the oldest living ex-Presldent.” The Chattanooga Times says the Vul can Iron and Nail Works have been pur chased by a company headed by General William H. Powell, of Bellvilie, Illinois, The sale lias been made by telegraph General Powell accepting the price ot the owners by wire, his proposition being in turn accepted by them. He will arrive in the city Monday, when the transfer will be made formally, and bis company will take possession of the works. The price paid is not made public. Tennessee Walnut fob Germany The Pulaski Citizen says Mr. Tyree Rhodes shipped this week six car loads of walnut logs direct to Hamburg, German}*, This is a dash of enterprise worthy of the progressive spirit of this stirring young znau. He saws the trees off at the root with a cross-cut saw and the assistance of four hands, thus saving three or feet of the stump. A remarkable incident hap pened the other day. He sawed off a very large, fine tree, severing it entirely from the stump, and still it stood upright, bal anced upon its base, and refused to fall until pried over. It is represented in New York that it has been ascertained by actual inspection that the stocks of wheat in the elevators, warehouses and other depositories of the Northwest is larger than was ever known before. This wheat cannot, it is said, come iorward to market in consequence of the car blockade. The railroads are said to be short of motive power and fuel as well as can, while frost and snow bare greatly obstructed work. The Northern Pacific ■ailroad has 500,000 bushels in its •levators, the St. Paul (Minnesota) and Manitoba has 2,000,000 and at various other points in Dakota and Minnesota there are more than 0,000,000 bushels waiting to come forward to market. On Friday morning. John B. Martin ar rived in Atlanta, Illinois, from Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and wa3 quietly married to a lady who arrived in that place about three weeks ago, and had been introduced as Miss Green, from Baltimore, Maryland It seems that she was divorced from Mar tin, who is a manufacturer in Pittsburg, about five menths ago, afterwards coming to Atlanta, where she has relatives and ft ieuds residing. Ills also said that the lives of Martin and his wife are somewhat tinged with the romantic; that they have been already married five different times. Mu. Martin is a lovely and accomplished woman, the eldest daughter of a Presby terian clergyman of Baltimore. Anoi.i’H Thiers had habits of sleep so amazing that it is hard to reconcile them with rationality. He invariably undressed and went to he’d at 7 p. ra., awoke at 8 to dine, dozed in Ids chi.rtili about 12, went to bed towarJ midnight, and arose at 4:30. The South African Boers. The reopening of the military struggle in South Africa, under circumstances like ly to enlist the sympathies of the civilized world against the British government, has awakened a new and general interest in behalf of the Dutch colonists of that country, which may make a few words of explanation acceptable. Tho Dutch “Boers,” so-called, might well bring an action for damages against their own mother-tongue, which lias given them so repulsive a name. The word Boers or. Boots means simply peasants, and, no doubt, has primary reference to the social status oi the great mass of emigrants from the Netherlands, who originally colonized Southern Africa, and there erected free representative government. The first emigration took place near the beginning of the seventeenth century, when Holland was a great maritime pow er, and liberty and self-rule in the mother country were endangered by the wars of Louis XIV. The Boers were then the Pilgrim Fathers of the Dutch. They set tled the Cape Colony, which, in 1614, be came a British possession, very much against the will of the Dutch emigrants. In 1835, they colonized Natal and the Or- auge liver district, and the next year Pie ter Maritzburg,having meanwhile numer ous fights witli the Caffres and Zulus; but Great Britain interfered again and com pelled most of the colonists to accept British protection, while the others refused and settled in the region of the Vaal river. Hero again they were dis turbed by the British and put under Eng lish protection in 1848. In 1854, after having made other settlements on tho Or ange river and across the Vaal, the former was recognized as independent by Great Britain; but in 1876 the British govern ment, under the plausible pretext that the safely of other while settlements In Africa was jeopardized by the inability of the republic to protect itself against the na tives, without even waiting to consult it. boldly proclaimed the Transvaal republic aunexed to the British colonies. The Boers, as might well be imagined, were highly inceused at such a summary dis position of their government. They arc not and will not be reconciled to the loss of their liberties. A year ago, on the sec ond anniversary of this unceremonious an nexation of their country to the British government, the “Dutch Burghers” of Ttansvaal assembled and said: “In the presence of Almighty God, the Searcher of hearts, and praying for His gracious assistance aud mercy, we, Burgh ers of the South African Republic, have agreed for us and for our children to unite in a holy covenant which we confirm with a solemn oath.” The pledge goes on to recite, that “it is now forty years since our fathers left the Cape Colony to become free and independent people. These forty years were torty years of suffering and sorrow. We have founded Natal, the Orauge Free State aud the South African Itepunlic, and three times has the English government trampled on our liberty. We cannot,” they conclude, “endure this, and we may not. It is the will of God that we should deliver unto our children, unblem ished, the heritage ot our fathers. It is for this reason that we here unite aud give each other the hand os men and brethren, solemnly promising to be faithful to our country and people, and, looking unto God, to work together unto deatli for the restoration of the liberty of our re public.” Tiie Hollanders have made a strong ap peal to “English farmers” in behalf of the recognition of the independence of the Transvaal Republic,and public sentiment, soon or late, must compel a consummation so just and reasonable. Tho Pall Vail Gazette, a few days since, said in a lead ing article: There is too much reason to think that inquiry into the annexation ami subse quent administration of the Transvaal would bring to light facts which would make all Englishmen indignant. If am iteration be maintained, it will turn against us tho enmity of evety Dutchman in South Africa. Only last week a dispatch from Cape Town to the London Dally Telegraph in dicated the lecling that prevails in favor of independence. It say3: It is reported on good authority that Mr. J. H. Brand, President of the Orange Free State, has telegraphed there that he is unable to restrain the Boers of that State from joining the insurrection, and that in a few days he may be compelled to resign. More Coal Mines Needed. The Carrollton Railroad Exten sion to Rome. The present distressing dearth of coal throughout the country, and the heavy expense entailed upon thousands who could illy afford it by the greatly enhanced price of that indispensable article of fuel, has awakened renewed interest in evety project which has been devised for the opening up of new avenues of supply. One of the most valuable of these would be the completion ot the Savannah, Grif fin and North Alabama railroad by the Central, from Carrollton to Rome. This would at once place Macon in easy ac cess to the vast coal fields of the Cumber land and Waldren ranges, and another coal famine would be Impossible, to say nothing of tbo other advantages which would inure from the building of the pro posed extension.. Germain to this subject, we are per mitted to make the following extract from a private letter, written by one of the most experienced engineers and rail road men of the South, to a friend in this city: Never was there known such time for coal mines. A number will be added this summer, and people will learn to ‘stock up’ in the summer for coming winter, as they do at the North. A sensible article appeared in yonr Macon paper lately, urging the ex tension of the Central railroad from Car rollton to Rome. This is far better for Macon than any Knoxville line or any other road which can be projected, and would be a great tiling for the Central. The main, in fact the only reliable coals are found in Waldron's Ridge, and through the Cumberland range. The Alabama coal mines are too thin and on a dip too steep to work long to advantage. The Cin cinnati Southern will bo tliQ great coal road in the future. 1 have a most intimate knowledge of the subject, from having to investigate ibis whole question, and can most strong ly recommend the extension from Car rollton to Rome, as the key to the whole situation. The veins in the Cumberland and Wal dren average five to nine feet—-no drain age or pumping required—against two and three feet veins, dipping forty-five de grees, on the Cahawba and Warrior coal fields. We trust these views will be read and duly noted by Mr. Wadley and the man agers of the old Central. What greater boon could they bestow upon the State than cheap coal f Christian Heroism.—This magnifi cent sermon, by Dr. A. A. Lipscomb, has reached its second edition, the first hav ing been exhausted in a few weeks. Send to J. W. Burke A Co. twentytfive cents and get a copy. The Panama Canal. Work About to Commence in Earn est. A Paris cablegram, dated January 5th, says: “The preparatory expedition, composed of engineers and skilled me- chanies, left Havre to-day for Panama direct, to commence survey and opera tions immediately.” A large number of mechanics and laborers, quantity of ma chinery and large supply of provisions lias been ordered In New York and New Or leans, for immediate shipment to the scene of operations.” From this it would appear that at last a grand effort is to be made to construct inter-oceanic communication between the Atlantic and Pacific. WhothertheUniled States, In pursuance of the “Monroe doc trine,” will step in and interfere remains to be seen. The question will increase in interest and importance as the suecess of the undertaking becomes more probable. The immense convenience of sucli a channel of commerce to the whole civil ized world is obvious to all, and we can not see why a suitable treaty could not be entered into with the countries and corpo rations directly engaged in the prosecu tion of the enterprise by the United States government, wbicii would afford all thn protection aud guarantees that may be deemed essential in the premises. Communism m America. Bishop O’Conner recently delivered a lecture in St. Louis on this subject, and concluded as follows: Nevertheless, there are very grave dan gers to be apprehended from communism in the United States. In nearly all our great commercial aud manufacturing cen tres there are societies either avowpdly communistic or largely under the influ ence of communistic ideas. They are thoroughly organized and, in some in stances, drilled aud armed for the strug gle they predict, and which, their leaders say, they are determined to precipitate between capital and labor, in this country. All the elements of disorder amongst us are in sympathy with them. Our great and ever growing army of tramps would rally to their support in any crisis tliat might arise. Property owners and law- abiding citizens generally regard them with ever increasing alarm. To withdraw their men from their influence aud prevent their gaining absolute political control of our cities, largo firms and railroad com panies arc distributing their factories and simps over the country districts of every State. But the influences these orgauiza tions wield at the polls make them court' ed or feared by our politicians, who can not be induced to follow the legislation necessary to avert the evils they may cause at any moment. The destruction of even one of our large cities would be fearful calamity; yet who will say that it may not be brought about any day by these societies, some of whicli are to he animated by the very spirit of the Paris commune? It is but three years since Chicago seemed, for a time, to be at their mercy, and when, in all probability, would have been laid in ashes but tor the determination of the Irish regiment that had been called out to defend it. The danger for that aud other cities is not over. It becomes every day more and more threatening. And unless proper precautionary measure he taken to avert it, the cousequcnces tnay be deplorable. The way to fight communism in Amer ica is by absolute equality of burdens and privileges. If it be seen that the property of the rich escapes taxation, or that tax is levied for any oilier purpose than the support of government, that it is imposed tor the purpose of bounty to fa vored classes, while it oppresses the masses we may anticipate the growth of coninmn. ism. But in a country where absolute and transparent equality of burdens and privileges is maintained, and when all are able with ordinary diligence and economy to become property holders, we can defy communism. Nothing, however, is so fa tal in its influence as class legislation and partiality in taxation. The Old and New. All Christendom—Russia alone except ed—starts out upon a New Year on the first day of Jauuary. In Russia, New Year’s day is the 25th of March. This date was also the beginning of the year in England, up to about one bundled and thirty years ago. In 1751, the famous Lord Chesterfield secured the passage of measure in tire English Parliament which set the New Year on the first of January. Thus the legal year was made to corres pond with the solar year. The first of Jauuary first became New Year’s Day iu Europe three centuries ago. In 15S2, it was so ordained by Tope Greg ory XIII., and was adopted by all Europe except England, Russia and Swedeu. Another change, besides altering the dale of tho New Year, was made by Lord Chesterfield’s reform of 1751. Up to that time, in England, the calendar was eleven days behind that of the rest of Eu rope. That is, when it was tho first of March, or April, or May, in England, it was the twelfth of the month in continen tal Europe. By Lord Chesterfield’s act, the English calendar was advancedeleveu days. Thus was brought about in our mother country the change from what was called the “Old Style” to the “New Style.” Rus sia still adheres, alone among European nations, to the old style; and when it is tbo twelfth of the month with us, it is only the first of the month in Russia. As America was, in 1775, subject to the mother country, our calendar, as well as that of England, was altered in that year in the mauner described. We have become so accustomed to the first of January as the date of tTo New Year, that it seems very strange to think ofits ever having been at eo awkward a date as the 25th of March. But this only serves to emphasize the fact that the di visions of time are artificial, and, in a sense, merely the creation of man’s inge nuity. Still, we are now guided by the movements of the sun and moon in our calculation of time; so that It has been brought into harmony and fitness with the physical scheme of tho universe. An Englishman on the South.— A World reporter, interviewing Lord Ly mington, M. P., just returned from the South, jots down the following: “How far South did you go?” Lord Lymingtou—“I went as far as New Orleans, and I wish I oould have stayed longer there. It is a delightful city, which quite merits its reputation, and has an absolutely unique character of its own quite as remarkable as that of Chicago, though entirely different from it, of course.” , “DM you see anything of the South west?” Lord Lymington—“Much less than I wished to, os 1 was pressed for time, got a glimpse of Arkansas, which is cer- lainly not much like the formidable Ar kansas of Captain Marryatt’e time. I saw nobody who carried an Arkansas tooth pick.” “What was the general Impression made on yon by the condition of the South?” Lord Lymingtou—“Most agreeable. Nothing could be more charming and courteous than the people, and the climate was delightful. Furthermore, I was fauorably impressed with the grow ing prosperity and activity of that whole region. I believe in the South and its future.” A Valuable Commodity.—There re ally seems to be no limit to the multifari ous uses to which paper may be applied. The last discovery is the manufacture of lead pencils from this plastic material. The paper is steeped In an adhesive Lq- uid, and roiled around the attenuated core of lead to the requisite size, and after dry- iug is properly colored, and made closely to resemble tbe red cedar pencil of the trade. Last Week’s Gotten Figures and Weather Reports. The New York Commercial and Fi nancial Chronicle of Saturday reports the cotton receipts of the seven days end ing Friday night, 7th inst., at 110,735 [ bales, against 140,180 bales for the corres ponding we *k of last year, showing a de crease for tho week of 37,451 bales. To tal receipts of the current cotton year to last Friday night, 3,504,834 bales, against 3,310,341 for tbe corresponding period of the year 1873-80, showing an increase of 248,403 bales. The week’s business of the interior ports was as follows: Receipts 40,400, against 71,088 the corresponding week of last year. Shipments 67,170, against 77,- 772. Stocks on hand last Friday 300,500, against 349,859 on hand January, 1880. The Chronicle's visible supply table allowed on Friday last 2,700,230 bales of cotton in sight, against 2,510,276 last year at same date; 2,459,710 In 1879, and 2,509,005 in 1878 at same dates. These figures show an increase of 240,000 bales compared witli the supply of last year— 300,517 bales compared with tho supply in 1879, and 250,331 bales compared with the supply in 1878 at same dates. Mid dling upland was worth in the Liverpool market last Friday 6\. In 1880, 7 1-10— iu 1679, 5 5-10, aud in 1878, CJ. The Chronicle appends the following to its table of receipts from plantations: The above statement shows— 1. Thai the total receipts from the plan tations since September 1 iu 1880-81 were 3,844,400 bale-; in 1879-80 were 3,058,890 bales; in Ie78-79 were 3,088,377 bales. 2. That, although the receipts at the out-ports toe - post Week wore 110,735 bales, the actual movement from planta tion; » as on i> bales, the balance being drawn iiooi stocks at the interior ports. Last yeni the receipts from the plantations !•» same week were 143,- 402 bales, and f n 1870 they were 03,104 bales. The Chronicle'* weather telegrams for the week emlmst last Friday speak oi uni versal cold and wet aud roads so bad as to impede the delivery of the crop. As to Texas, there were hard rains two days at Galveston, rainfall amounting IS 1.54; killing frosts three ulghta, little or no work done aud the remnautof the crop iu the fields hopelessly lost. The auiiual rainfall at Galveston for the E ast niue years was as follows: For 1880, 9.97 inches; 1879, 26.90 inches; 1878, 00.90 inches; 1877, 66.67 inches; 1876, 50.92 inches; 1875, 58.48 inches; 1874, 49.58 inches; 1873, 58.01 inches; 1872, 41.72 inches. At Indianoia, much the same story work suspended and very cold. At Cor sicana, rain on three days. Terribly cold At Dallas, arctic weather. All work ceased. Immigration heavy aud immi grants suffering. At Brenham and Waco two days and one inch of ra.n and days of snow, sleet and ice. The annual rainfall at Corsicana t.r the past six years was as follows: For 1880, 42.00 inches; 1879, 30.19 inches; 1878, 30.00 iitches; 1877, 43.80 inches; 1876, 33.69 inches; 1875,32.11 incites. In Louisiana, at New Orleans, there were five days of rain and 3.82 inches oi rainfall during the week. The average mercury was 44. At Shreveport, light rain and clouds all the week. Roads very bad. In Mississippi, at Vicksburg, ram on tlirce days, and the week cloudy and cold. At Columbus, no rain, but an average mercury of 22—which is exceedingly cold. In Arkansas, at Little Rock, rain on one day and snow and sleet on three. Aver age mercury 30. The average mercury iu December was 35. Rainfall 2.20. Snow on three days and rain on seven. In Ten nessee, at Memphis, there was rain on four days. In Tennessee aud Mississippi, seven-eighths of the cotton picked—in Ar kansas three-fourths. At Nashville there was rain on three days and an average mercury of 31. In Alabama, at Mobile, constant rain on two days, with a rainfall of 2.00. Av erage mercury 42—the range from 20 to 57. At Montgomery, rain on four days. At Scitna the same. Receipts obstructed by bad roads. In Florida, at Madison competition for labor is establishing high rales. In Georgia, at Macon, four rainy days and 1.52 of rainfall. Average mercury 34. At Augusta, the same aud 2.47 of rainfall. Average mercury 37. From an editorial in the Chronicle on consumption and overland movement, we clip the fol lowing: AMOUNT OF CHOP NOW IN SIGHT. The foregoing shows us tho number of bales which have already been marketed this year and last year. An additional fact of interest is the total of tbe crop which was in sight on Jauuary 1. Wo reach that point, by adding to tho forego ing the stocks remaining at tliat date at the interior towns, less stock held by them the beginning of the year. In this man ner we find the result for the two years ou .Jauuary 1st to be as follows: 1881. 1880. Total marketed as above .... 3,823,567 3,401,063 Interior stocks . . 204,000 318,000 tunate people are many, and have been , Yain is the Help of Han. extended through long centuries of prao j The New York Sun says: All of the tical vassalage. They were despoiled of sanltary.precaulions adopted by the Brook* their nationality forced by necessity to'! bn Health Board, which, it is claimed. , . “ - ’ J „ , , are more complete than in any other city yield up a large portion of such lauded I 0 j-^ 0 Union, do not apparently check the possessions as escaped confiscation, and finally, in the capacity of tenants, have undergono hardships innumerable and the most cruel oppression at the bauds of rapacious landlords. It is but natural, therefore, for the struggling people of Cuba and Ireland to seek by every meaus in their power to be relieved from the bondage under which they have suffered so long. Their cause enlists the sym pathy of the world. How graceful then the concessions of Alphonso and the Spanish government, even at this late day, to the poor Cubans, and what a halo of glory would irradiate the last years of the reign of England’s noble Queen if her afllicted Irish subjects could be won over and placated by deeds of substantial mercy and kindness. Total in sight . 4,117,507 3,839,063 This indicates that tbe increased move ment in the present year is thus reduced to 278,504 bales. Hence if there is to be no loss or gain in amouut received from plantations for tho remainder of the sea son, the crop will reach a little moro than 6,000,003 bales. That there is consider- ble iu the fields not yet picked seems to be pretty generally admitted; this was not the case at this date with regard to tho last crop. Should tiie weather therefore permit its being gathered, there would ap pear to l>e fair reason for ;expecting at least no loss during the remaining months to the -increase already Iu sight. The conditions, however, as to the height of rivers and bad picking weath er, have been in favor of more iapid mar keting than a year ago. A Step in the Bight Direction. What is Due to Cuba and Ireland. King Alphonso, of Spain, in bis recent address to the Cortes, declared that the efforts of the Spanish diplomates hereaf ter would be “to extend commercial rela tions with America and Europe. Besides recommending the modification of the dif ferential duty on merchandise conveyed in foreign bottoms, an order has been is sued for the abandonment of the prosecu tion of all political cases connected with the late Cuban insurrection now pending before the military courts. Her Britanic Majesty and tbe counsel lors of tbe throne would do well to emu late this liberality in their treatment of the Irish prosecutions. There is no surer way of reaching the heart of an individual or people than through the! lever of kludness aud concil iation. Such conduct disarms malice and palsies tbe arm of violence. Granted that the present emeute in Ire* laud, which, in a considerable por tion of the island has reached the proportions of a virtual renunciation of British allegiance, is wrong and highly reprehensible, yet all Christendom will testify that the grievances of that unfor- Board of Education. The Bibb County Board of Education held its quarterly meeting at twelve o’clock yesterday. The reports of Super intendent Zettier, the treasurer and the financial committee showed that educa tional and financial affairs were iu a sat isfactory condition. Salaries have been paid up, loans all refunded, with interest, there are no outstanding warrauts or other claims, and there is money enough iu the treasury to meet teacbeis’ salaries for the current mouth. It is hoped that hereafter the board will be able to run on a cash basis on its incoma alone. Miss Susie Lane was elected regular teacher of the’ branch school from the Academy lot. J. T. Hudson was elected principal of the colored school, which will be shortly established in tiie buiidiug furnished by the city council, in putsu* ance of an application to that effect from a committee of colored citizens. Tiie superintendent was authorized and instructed to arrange for the terms of tbe country schools so as to meet tho views of each district independently. Rule 1 on country schools, page 20, eighth annual report, was amended by striking out tho words “nominate a teach er, subject to the approval of the Board of Education,” so os to vest the appointment in the Board of Education alone, experi ence having shown that the selection of teachers by the local board is fruitful of discord and trouble, which has in several cases compelled tbe board to appoint, and led to making the usage universal. Application for a new school, about mile beyond the South Macon Grammar School, was laid on the table. A committee, consisting of Virgil Pow ers, Judge T. G. Holt and Mr. Hertz, was appointed to confer witli the city council and see what could be done about repair ing or rebuilding the school houses ou the roihill la. Banks. What They Accomplish for the Good of tub Community. The habit of abusing tiie banking in stitutions of the country is so chronic and universal, tliat we are aware that any thing said iu their behalf will be received with mistrust by a majority ot • our read ers. Yet, without the aid of these aggre gations of capital aud cash, mercantile operations would come to a standstill and the wheels of progress bo effectually blocked. Bo long as credit is an essential ingre dieut in the business transactions of life the bank is an indispensable factor in the premises. Private parties may bo will ing to lend raouey to a certain extent iu exceptional cases, but they do not make a business of it, and could not, if they would, supply tiie demands of commerce Tne bank is a special organization do signed to meet the financial wants of busi ness, and thus keep ia motion all the op erations of barter, exchange aud cash pay ments which are constantly occurring “ou change.” Uuder the existing laws of Georgia, for these institutions to earn any largo mar gin of profit is simply impossible, because the rate of interest is arbitrarily restricted to S per cent. Those who violate the law do it at their peril, however successfully it may be possible to evade it. To show, however, tliat many banking corporations are law abiding in this respect, it is an nounced on competent authority that cue chief cause of tho rise iu stocks aud sol* vent securities of every kiud of late, is owing to the fact that the banks preferred to invest their surplus funds iu these ven tures to loaning their mouey under the restrictions of the law9 aud the accompany- lug risks. This tinkering with the rate of interest on the part of our legislators is short-sighted aud mluous to the best in terests of the country. For tiie hundredth time, we would again repeat the axiom that money, like coru, bacou or iron, worth just what it will bring in an open market. Only that and nothing more For these reasons we cannot seo why tho banks of the country should be taxed higher than oth^g industrial institutions- From the Now York Bulletin we clip the following extract, which shows the enormous capital that seeks shelter and safety in these banks,and tbe real amount of good they accomplish; It is the chief function of banking to gather up into safe reservoirs the floating or temporarily unemployed funds of tho community, and to lend out for common use what would otherwise be so much idle means. From this servico the public de rive a double benefit; first, their idle funds are put in safe custody, and sometimes with return of interest; and, second, a vast mass of means Is made available far pub lic use in agriculture, manufactures and trade which otherwise would remain com paratively useless. The extent of the loose funds thus gathered together and made available for active employment may be inferred from tbe fact that, according to the last report of the comptroller of th« currency, the deposits of the National and State banks and of savings banks and pri vate bankers amounted to $2,220,000,000in June last. It docs not need to be said that tbe immense magnitude of this fund shows how large are tbe interests affected by this kind of taxation. The quostion of taxing bank capital is a question whether tbe accretion and employment of the vast unemployed means of the people shall be encouraged or discouraged, restricted or unrestricted. It is to the public a small matter whether the agents of this work are earning too much for their services. The banks stake their own capital as security for the funds deposited with them; aud, as they in cur considerable risk, they have a just claim for a fair rate of protit; and as good profits enable the bank*, to afford their depositors tho greater security, the mblic have an important direct interest n their prosperity, As a matter of fact, however, the baukscanuotearn more tbau an average rate of profit; lor the moment they do so, new capital comes into the business, and competition diminishes the average return. Thus, all the loose talk of grog-shop politicians about the great value of national bauk franchises aud tho large profits of baukiug is to no purpose vmuiuu^ 13 tj UU whatever; for a natural law prevents the banks from obtaining more than the ordi nary rate of earnings on their capital, risks being considered. epidemics of diphtheria and scarlet fever. Tiie health officials argue that if the pres cut precautions were not used tiie diseases would be more virulent. Tiie failure of the common council to authorize the per forating of the manholes of the sewers throughout the city is complained of as a hindrance’ to a perfect sanitary condition of the city. In the past few days, with an extra appropriation made by Mayor How ell under the emergency clause of the charter, a number of sanitary inspectors havo been appointed, and tbe sanitary in spection districts have been made smaller. As now systematized, the children in a house where acontagious disease exists are stopped from going to school within twen ty-four hours after a case is discov ered. There were twenty-five new cases of diphtheria reported yesterday, and nineteen of scarlet fever. There were seven total cases of diphtheria on Thurs day aud one of scarlet fever. The prevalence of these epidemics in Brooklyn and New York is almost as frightful as the ravages of cholera aud yellow fever. How Impotent to save at last arc tiie remedies of science! We note with pleasure, however, tiie salutary rule winch prohibits al children inhabiting a dwelling where diphtheria,scarlet fever or any other Contagious disease exists, from attending school until all danger i3 over. Just such a regulation should be enforced also iu all the public and private schools of Macon. No precaution ought to be omitted to preserve the hygienic condition ol the community. “Rare and Racy.”—'That notorious representative of red Republicanism or Radicalism, the fiiobe-Dcmocrat, of 5t. Louis, which appropriates the name of tho adversary it so persistently attacks, now appers in a new and refreshing role, that of a “great religious daily.” Hear and rejoice at the astounding piety of our distinguished contemporary: “Tho Globe-Democrat is not a secular newspaper, although to supply tho de mand of its readers for secular news it contain* a *ecul»r department. The Globe-Democrat is tiie great religious dally of the country and of the world, and hence Brother Jewell lias sought the prop er channel through which to communi cate with his feliow Methodists on the in teresting subject discussed iu his letter. A Good Paper.—The Independent, published in New Orleans by our friend, Rev. II. J. Harp, is one of the cheapest In the South, as well as one of the best. It is an eight-page publication, containing forty-eight columns, and filled to the brim with the choicest selections and original articles, and only costs one dollar per an num. Many a Georgia soldier remembers the efforts of Mr. Harp in his behalf dur ing tiie war, aud, as a remembrancer, we would suggest that they enclose one dol lar to him aud get this excellent paper for 1881. He lias other friends iroiii whom he would gladly hear upon the same proposition. Wesley Memorial Volume.—This remarkable publication, containing nearly 1,000 pages, written by members of nearly all the leading denominations, both in this country and in Europe, and edited by Rev. J. O. A. Clarke, of tills city, has been received, and those having sub scribed for it can obtain it by calling on or addressing J. W. Burke & Co., Macon, Ga. Langston's Poems.—We have re ceived fin elegant copy of “Poems by John C. Langston, of Gcotgia.” It is fuultiess in typography, and it is intro duced to the public by Frank H. Richard son, of the Atlanta Constitution. As to its poetical merit we defer tbe expression of opinion until after our poetical editor, who is now engaged in a persoual enter prise, returns to his desk. Personal.—Wc had a call, yesterday, from William C. Cooke, Esq., the gentle manly general agent of the People’s Mutual Relief Association, of Mobile, Ala. Mr. Cooke comes highly recommended and represents his compauy as firmly established aud iu a nourishing condition. Tiie “People’s Mutual” is undoubtedly one of the best institutions of the kiud iu the Union. Waterworks. Your reporter having heard a good deal lately about the waterworks, took a trip down to tho springs yesterday afternoon to see tor himsclt what was being done. No idea had been formed of tiie amount of work which has already been accom plished, nor of the extent aud magnitude ot tiie task still before the company. To begin witli, a well nearly thirty feet in diameter lias been sunk into the matsh and lined with brick and cement ready to receive the pure water from the springs. Into this well tho suction pips of tho pump is to be placed, where it will receive the water as free from all contamination as possible. Standing on tbe edge of this well we could see the bottom as plainly as if nothing intervened, though the water was about twelve feet deep. A force of twenty-tlirco men, under the direction of one of our young townsmen, is busy re moving a bluff somo twenty feet bigu, preparing for tho foundations of the pump and boiler house. A little further on the corps employed by^Iessrs. Wood & Co., of Philadelphia were at work digging the trenches and lay ing the pipe for the pumping main. This corps consists of four engineers to super intend the different departments of the work, and nine skilled workmen to lay tho pipe, caulk and lead the joints and set the valves, etc. These carno from tho North especially for this work, and from tho manner in which they do the work it would be well for the city if they could be induced to remain. Then up the line could be seen from a hundred and twenty- five to a hundred and fifty laboreis, with pick and shovel, opening the trenches to receive the pipe. These, of course, were employed here, and the mere fact of its giving employment to so many hungry mortals should commend this enterprise to our people. Altogether wo were pleased with the energy displayed and came away pleased that Macou will soon have waterworks. Off for Mexico. Rev. Robert W. Macdonnell, who was recently married in this city, leaves witli his excellent wife this morning for the City of Mexico, (heir new home. There is a degree of moral heroism in thus for saking home, friends and native land to go among strangers that is rarely witness ed. If it was to secure a fortune, there would be many willing to undertake the enterprise, but when they go merely to serve others and do others good, it gives a new phase to the whole transaction. Mr. ' Macdonnell goes as missionary under ap pointment of tho M. E. Church, South, and will labor in conjunction with Dr. Patterson, who is already in tiie field with a number of native preachers. Mr. Mac donnell is cultured and consecrated, and goes Into the work understanding^, aud will achieve success. nis excellent lady is well known in Macon, having been reared here. She gives up what the world would call a great deal—the pleasures and attractions of society. She gives up one of the best of homes and many loving friends; but, conscientious in the discharge ot her duty, she goes to be a helpmeet to him to whom she lias coupled Iter destiny. They sail for Vera Cruz from New Orleans on Saturday next. A thousand blessings attend them. Delegates to the Hlato Agricultural Convention. The Ocmulgce Farmers’ Club, of How ard district, at its last meeting, elected Captain A. M. Lockett its president, and Captain R. E. Park and F. M. Johnson, members, delegates to the State Agricul tural Convention, to meet at Bainbridge on the 8th of February. We understand that it will be a very interesting meeting, and that a new secretary is to be elected in place of Mr. Jobnston, recently re signed to accept a railroad agency in At lanta. Colonel Greer, of Griswoldrille, Mr. Robert E. Bowman, of Bibb county, prominent member of tho Ocmuigee Farmers’ Club, living at Hoiston P. O.; Professor J. S. Newman, editor of tho Southern Enterprise, of Atlanta, and B. T. McLain, Esq., of Thomasville, are candidates for tbe vacant position. Tiie salary has been $1,500 per an num tor some time. It i3 an important office. Iu tills connection, we would remark that it is strange that the county which boasts that it is tho home of the presi dent, treasurer, and one of the executive committee ot the State Agricultural So ciety does not keep up an active county organization cf its own. Bibb county farmers should not neglect this matter much longer. PrnioiMi. Col. Wm. Reese aud lady, ot Sparta, and Miss Julia Reese, ofMadisoD, are vis iting relatives in the city. Miss Jennie Hammond, of Atlanta, aud Miss Fannie Grier, of tiriswoldville, are in the city, the guests of Mr. I. C. Plant. Charley Ross, Esq, representingDale, Dutcher & Co., of New York, is at tbe Lanier House. Miss Florence Holt lias returned to Macon, accompanied by Miss Fleming. Col. W. H. Reese, one of the progres sive farmers of Macon county, was in the city yesterday. Prof. Frank N. Means, of Dennis Station, Putnam county, was at the La nier House last night. The following names were registered at Brown’s National last night: U. P. Blount, Atlanta, Ga.; D. R. Pink- ham, Lynn, Mass.; B. Moutfort, Butler, Ga.; N. G. Phillips, Griffin, Ga.; J. G. Ockington, Irwiuton, Ga.; E. Turner, Montezuma, Ga. Quite a number of Northern visitors are in the city. Many of them are so well pleased with the appearance of our city that they have made up their minds not to go any farther South. A number of our boardiug bouses are now full, aud.in quiries are received almost every day about rooms and prices. We are glad to see these people among us, and trust that they will find their stay pleasant as well as profitable to their health. That Pretest. Without entering at all upon the ques tion as to who was elected or who will be affected by an examination of the ballots cast at our recent election, the protest of Messrs. Hall,Poe and Guernsey is entitled to a respectful consideration. Its publica tion caused cousiderab e talk on tbe street yesterday. As these gentlemen received over half the votes polled in tiie county, and they solemnly aver that they were satisfied that a great many illegal votes were cast and upon that ground refused tosignthe consolidated returns,it is a mat ter of greater moment to good goverment than some of our citizens seem to attach to it. illegal voting can never be stopped nutil some stringent measure is adopted to execute tiie law. Now is a good time to commence. No candidate who believes himself honestly elected can object to this sifting of the ballot. We hope the mat ter will receive due atteution by the proper authorities. What Will Haeoa Do? The State Agricultural Society will convene in Bainbridge on tiie 8th of Feb ruary. The question as to where the next State Fair will be held will be decided at this meeting. What will Macon do to secure it? Other c’t ! es are going to bid rong for it. There will be a consider able contest over it. What is to be done must be done soon. We commend the question to our merchants and business men generally. We would also respect fully request tbe city council to consider the subject. We have tbe best facilities for holding a fair iu the fitate. Oitrpark unequaled in every appointment, but this does not decide the question. There a mouey consideration that must be met. What is Macon goiug to do ? Contributions to tbe PnMie Library. Rev. H. K. Rees has sent to our Public Library a valuable contribution of some onehundred and eighty volumes of stand- ard books, principally works on theology and kindred subjects, suitable for the se riously inclined. The librarian has also receiled notice of the shipment from Washington of the documents of the last Congress and other government publica tions, forty or fifty volumes Iu al). New shelving will be put up in the library at once, as more shelf room is absolutely ne cessary. . Important to Taxpayer*. Wo are requested to inform the public that the tax collector has bis fi. fas. ready to turn over to the sheriff for collection; that he will relieve any one in arrears of costs if a settlement is made with him this week; and tliat after this week all settlements will have to be made with the sheriff. The old law making the tax collector his own sheriff has been repealed and he is now required to turn all exe cutions over to tbe county sheriff and con stables for collection. Mr. H. W. Campbell, well known in Macon and Bibb county, died on yester day on Windsor Hill, in South,Macon. He filled the office of justice of the peace of the district for several years. —The workmen commenced on yester day to lay the pipes for our new water works. The euterpriso will be poshed to completeness as rapidly as possible. The city council have not yet concluded their contract with tbe company to supply the cisterns with water. A communication was sent iu on Tuesday night, but we have not learned what disposition wm made of it Goaralp About tbo Ladle*. The lover makes a virtue of knee-cessi- ty when he drops at his sweethesrt’s feet. South American ladies are fond of la dies from Northern climes who travel among them. No pious lady who has the slightest re gard for a man’s soul will ask him to guess how old she is. Shell pink is a fashionable color. The husband of the lady who wears the pink usually does the shelling. The lady who runs the employmeuU of fice counts herselfas belonging to tbe hire class of the community. Freckles are not so bad after all; it is said that one girl does not object to seeing them on another girl’s face. Old gold colored stockings of lisle thread, striped with red and blue, are to he worn with black summer dresses. The ladies are wearing little gold tun ing-forks for hair pins, which indicates that “there’s music in the hair.” A maiden refused to be kissed by a phy sician, alleging that she would never havo a doctor’s bill stuck In her face. A man may know more than his wife, but it is best for him to avoid suggesting such a possibility when she is present. The widow of tho late ex-Attorney- General Akerman Is, without the aid of teachers, preparing her five sons for. col lege. The Sultan is about to marry two of his daughters to Turkish cavalry officers. Tho brides, who are not yet fifteen years old, will each receive as dowry a palace, many slaves and some money. “No, marm,” said tho shoe dealer, “I would like to give you a smaller pair, but to sell you anything below eights would render me liable under the statuto for prevention of cruelty to animals.” Mrs. Hatton is at tho head of tho Tenn essee State Library, and she and her daughters keep the 20,000 volumes of tho library in as perfect order as they could be kept by any male librarians in tbe land. Women have a great respect foroid age. Watch a young lady seated in a street car between a young gentleman and an elderly one, and see how determined she is not to inconvenience the latter by crowding against him. Albany, Oregon, has a brass band con taining twelve of the foremost young women in the city. It might be supposed that they could put on enough “airs” without organizing a band. Aud it looks odd to see them returning home sober after playing at a political meeting. There was Joel and Jeanne d’Arc and Madame Roland, but when a modem wo man is rummaging through her china closet and puts her hand right into a nest of young mice, she never stops an inslant to think of the noble examples set by these nervy ladies, but just tries to climb up on to tbo clock bracket and screams half tho plastering off tbe kitchen ceiling. Ea beautiful girl named Jemima recent ly committed suicide because sbo could find no diminutive for her name ending in “ie.” A few hours afterwards came a letter from a ciassmase beginning, “Dear Mimmie,” but it was too late, and sbo was borne to tbe grave by eight compan ions named respectively, Abbie, Bessie, Carrie, Dollie, Florrie, Euie, Gcorgie and Hattie. Mrs. Scott-Siddons says that tho Prin cess Louise told her last winter tliat the “Princess of Wales had a most wonderful disposition, and that trouble flics from her miud like water from a duck’s back. She has so much sweetness—but she is uot faultless—that it is impossible to disturb her equanimity. The Princess Louise thinks that the Princess of Wales look so young—is ever getting younger.” In Brief. * —The trains came in last evening well loaded with passengers. —Mr. W. H. Felton, of Marshallviiie, has plenty of rust-proof oats for sale. See advertisement. —Sec notices of Eli tiu McLean. Lihu is doing business on his own hook now, and is doing well. .—“The world mores,” sagely says Sena tor Brown, and so have several farm hands during the past week. —A broken jug on Third street, yester day, caused considerable consternation among the colored population, until it was discovered that it only had syrup in it. —They had a rehearsal last night at Christ Church, and W. H. W. and J. L, it is said, never could get the “I will” in at the right place. Practice makes perfect, however. —After ail of friend Richardson's ef forts to exhibit Miss Kate Thayer's ward robe, she has goue hack on him. Her company disbanded in New York City, and will not come South at all. ’Twos ever thus. „ —“Courtesy opens many doors,” says the old adage. “This may be true as far as it goes,” says a commentator, “but you. might stand before a busted savings bank buiidiug and courtesy till your spina! col umn was as limber as an old postage stamp, yet the doors wouldn’t swing back on their hinges worth a cent.” —The roads continue inavcry had con dition. Tbe sunshiuo of yesteiday had a tendency to stiffen the mud, and ou some- hillsides to dry the surface. But every approach to the city remains in such con dition as almost to prohibit people from coming to town. The skies are clear, and we hope by another week everything will be in fine travel ing trim, and the coal' and wood famine at an end. —“It is an unseemly sight to me,” said an aged man on yesterday as the liearae passed by, “to see plumes on a hearse- There is no victory connected with death. It is a surrender of all that wc know of existence.” How true! All] that we know of existence, is connected with a foim, a person, a being, and we see all of these surrendered in tho deatli struggle, aud go down Into the grave in darkness, and decay. Tire Bsstm Musical Herald Tbe Musical Herald for Jauuary is an* excellent number. Apart irotn the regu- . lar departments, which are of crest Im portance to musicians, there are note worthy articles upon “Young Voices In. Church Service,” by R. E. Tourjee; “De scriptive Music,” by Gotthold Carlberg; “History of Church Music,” by W. F. Apthorp; “The Wail and the Wobble,” by Louis C. Elsou; “Music of Ancient with illustrations; and many others. Tiie whoio is made interesting to the general public as well m to the pro fessional musician. Delayed The Southwestern train that ought to have reached the city before 7 o’clock, did not arrive until 10 o’clock last night. Tbe delay was causeu *c Montgomery, and getting out of time, lost its right to the road, and bad to keep out of the way* of all other trains.