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8t Interesting Day of the
Tariff Debate.
m CONSUMES TWO HOURS.
the Wile l*" 1 wm loereaso the
^«eue., ami l>eclhre. That lie
Cum* be Influenced to
Support It*
OF M'KINLEY, OF OHIO;
Br erkenri<lc«t »* Kentncky, Carrier,
mthe Ilenura of the Daf by u Great
fyeedi In Support of t>o Mills
Hill, nml lu Defense of
the Committee.
THE WEEKLY TELEGRAPH.
ESTABLISHED 1826.
MACON, GEORGIA TUESDAY M A V 22—TWELVE PAGES.
YOL. LXII1. NO. 7.
WASHINGTON.
apnla
of thi
ill; it is
leagues
Inti.
Pi*. wliicb must cover every in- has already dawned upon the .South; no
teliigent revision of the tariff. Labor section of the country possesses greater
in this country received a much larger share natural advantages than the South with her
of what was annually produced than in any genial, climate, fertile soil, limitless mate- siinui.i i
Other country, and this advantage to labor rials, mines of coal and iron, with abundant suh-iitui- d.” " bill itself. \
could only lie maintained by giving to indus- labor ready to develop them. Considering When McKinley concluded; he was greeted . THE EURTLCS CONTINUES TO GROW
tries protection equal to that uiflereuce. what has been there achieved in a single — !**• w>«*d Bb.nw.s .1 ..s
While n dollar might buy more in another decade, what may not a century bring forth
oountrv than here, a day’s lsbor here wou'il from under a system calculated to favor the
obtain'more of (he comforts of life than any highest industrial development? When I
where else. Under free trade thi- advan* read the history of my country and consider
tugc to labor disappeared. It was iinpnssi- the past and present, ami reflect on what is
ble it should be otherwise. If the tariff before us, I cannot believe that- the idea
itself did not give higher wages to labor, it that went down in the convulsions of 1861 of the hou-e vicing with the galleries in u E'to’thli b3l'"’*Ared'il”i«^io'answertnuv
did preserve from foreign competition the will ever again dominate the destinies of the hearty welcome to the Kentuckian. I that It was nrenut-d in se< ret that its a/
industries from which that laborer received republic.- -i * i ok mb. brecxenridge. \it£}iSSlpotn* £
h “ wa * e8 ' i '7 nproar u nt Mr. Ure.kenrldge began his speech with Propriety in the mode of its consideration.
duties AND PRICES. 1 the < inclusion of Mr. Randall’s hour; when . b * _ 1 .. Neither vour own conscience* nor the coun
He wished to refer to a few fundamental nroceed^nbu' tllat l '*l h* ^JI 0W \ntp? B re ' le " " 11 81 nation so eras te f '"‘‘ I try will acquit you if you shirk rcspoaiibil-
proposltion. which have been maintained • Sf T*xa a ’ w^icl ^sg^d with ^ers aiii 111 tht ‘«* eOBcernad, and with Uy and evade tf.c issue under such excise.
. .. . . util w’il" » w “i5r eiea 'VT ir [?$ , a ; a statement of the dangers attendant on the Nor will it be accepted as any answer that
throughout this debate and which appeared h*sesbjtlw RepubUeau. Mr. McKinley furtlier aci ucmlation of surplus in the there was any provision of aiiy sort in the
to exercise a controlling influence over the < Jf en V e , d ^ a j U tt‘ a P ort * on “is j treasury. MO then said: Wnen the com*. Confederate constituuon, or that the gen-
opinions of men. • First, that duties were i „“**», £* a ” am ‘ CJ able arrangement, sug mlttee 0 n wavs and means was announced tlemen engaged in the preparation of this
always added io the price to the consumer.; ff 8t * d h X fj r - Breckenridge, of Kentucky, - rrmr*.. .... - .. c. c
On articles not produced in this country, ,, , a ! wa * permitted to proceed with-
1 J out limiiation of time. Mr. Randall con-
;!; r mro 0 un n d d edhy P §};7»r“ d e W o“ «’il effect. of it are daily exhibited;
. l.o were profuse in their congratu- schemes without number to squander public
It was some minutes before order money, to distribute it among the States, to
could he rca.’red, and Mr. Ilre- kinridge of cuU i va te ,he habit in American people of
K"nim k;. • 10m«d, and then the atom i o6 king to Washington as the great aim.-
hrokt nut afresh, gentlemen on both shies giver, can be defeated only by your action
iFwa oca srmsi. ooWUBrosi rorv.J
lUcos Teleokahi Bissau, )
No. 51 For UTI^WTU STRKS-T._X. W.j-
lASHiSOlok, May 18, —The Homo was
to order by Mr. McMillin, of Tennes-
u Speaker pro tern, and the Chaplain
sbient the reading of the journal was
■ed with. The House immediately
into committee of the whole, Mr.
jer is the chair on the tariff bill,
r. Anderson, of Iowa, denounced the
iMliresystein and its horrible progeny,
mtuaerabie modern monsters known as
iti,” sired by greed and damned by a
IfiniKe which eliminated from Amcri-
commerce, the vital principle of com*
ion. [Applause.]
Cheadle, of Indiana, confined himself
fiscusdon of the question wh< tfcer or
protection protected and maintained
afSrmative of the proposition.
^iuotir*■■»tl -n iiccordtd to Mr. Han
oi Pennsylvania. He opened his
tty referring to the President’s re-
image, in which the Executive' ad-
_ Congress that the surplus in the
hr 3-0-h of June, at the end of
fatal year, would be expected to reach
of $140,066,600, including prior ac-
ions, or, more closely stated, the
ol $113,000,000 apart frun prior nccu-
iom over and unove all authorir.rd ex
tort., including die sinking fund of
irrentyear. He then
OWXn Tar PS ---re.CKT.'a Vcaa , . ■,,
cghUpii-ilion on the tarifl'aud lire In
in emir quetii ion, ami -aid ilia-from
i:e-n id the rre-ident,' tie nnder-
the executive to be adverse to any re-
loo of internal taxes, as that mode of
taalforded, In the opinion of the Presi-
“s j=:t complaint, and that iiutiuug
wellsble to bear t 1 »• burden without
lihip ns that portion of the people.” The
’‘farther said that IM MrnflsVSM
d illogical, the source of inequita-
tu,aod ought to be revised and inodi-
oJ the President Imd urged upon Con-
immediate expression on this mutter
txrluion of all others. The I’rcsi-
!rtdlaerted, in substance, »h«! <!•» -e-
e sectMsry should b« nnrde bv uldi-
to the free list and by lowering the
seldsty.
‘ til pretence of sueh language enmnat-
mm the Exeentlve, authorised by dircc-
«:beconstitution to communicate with,
hm time to time give to Congress in-
utioo on the state of the Union, and
eaind such measures ns ho should
liseenary, it was imperatively required
w representatives of the people to give
letelligent and prompt attention to the
fsu.ni made.
HI IIAll DONK go;
introduced and bad referred to the
Mice on ways and means a bill to re.
• tad equalize the dutiea imports ami
[*•<« internal revenue taxes, and me
r?** 0 ',tk*< hill showed that the rem-
■Mwonld apply were at variance wMi
sneommendod by the President. The
wexteoeght to prevent continnation of
rerfiu of revenue by resorting to
■pemeutomsduties only. The reme-
proposed was through rc-
nA; . { eTe nue taxes as well as by
of ths tariff* promised to the
•T toe Democratic convention of
L,‘“™urtte n provided for in ids bill
J'‘jW,000 on internal taxes.
dSi . M f* *>6'* the last to her
®?*t to be repealed when no
ij*_***-fy- Jefferson had given the
,1 I! “• excise taxes, that most vi-
,j,l~ e, i*ud among the things he
K£*« k »; k » of the Legislature of bu
hmdLnu J D *t ,u for having inter-
««»bo |i, hed. rhe first tax also to In-
■ o. ' ,tl,ew,r of 1M2.
-U) EKES TUB BXOUB TAX,
, v r, eotnmended by Madison, and
- enacted under the admin-
0 Monroe. The Democratic con-
r.i».!i^ declared that the internal
i is iw* *V *“ this deciaraUon,
«ni.i^~ Uo , Dwil * 1 other deolarations
ESS '!*? r! - T “'ahlished the fact
oi ikVi ? °‘ l "* convention was that
Cus.uif'?* 1 eevenue taxes should
should all go when-
,um wu eesli.ied from the
hn,.,** *** to meet the expenses of
hsxtri * collo,,1 ically administered.
■ >0 i ry **}I’ractii-ally in such aeon,
htios.- * ,ru * response to tho«e
11 «v.In«! r4nte<1 tlie repeal of the in
bill* to the extent proposed
C, tk!'. , ! v . or * d now i“ “e had al-
lit tU e t “ t * 1 repeal of the internal
Iiw? n introduced, he pro-
hbet.*!* 1 *** ttes* taxes from the
it,! ? **cept the tax of fifty certs on
! w< ” d transfer the collection
°®ceni, if that was
‘•vu Internal revenue
to day, wi would ha.c
ffat to scan the MUtfJ,
^r,„r ni : l 1 rB « o » of jwMi*. asSf
^eendtred better n i purer,
fa, ,I,S “f 1 -*. PSOPOSBD
" 1 d ‘ e f*rifl t, u , principle be-
xj- •* harmony with the authorixed
*fie Democratic party in Its
ipgj 1 , on * These declarations clearly
*xo««f •/**. kfi*t a difference existed
hi in _,,P r ®oaction ef smasAihi
Jty J. ofher countrir. «•> ..
ibis doubtless was true, as a general rule,
and measurably true on articles in part pro
duced in this country, hut not in sufficieut
quantities to supply the home market. But
on all commodities produced in sufficient
? |UHntiti«s to supply the home market, a dif-
ercut principle controlled. In these things
competition determined the price and when
foreigu producers came into this market
where prices were fixed and duties were
laid, they paid for the pri.ilege of coming
into the market.
Another erroneous.proposition that duties
on articles produced in this country were a
tux or bounty which tile consumer paid to
the manufacturer, by means of which the
manufacturer derived large profits. If this
were true, it was not easy to see whst justi
fication there was for the committee bill any
more than for the present tariff law. But
that that was erronous seemed apparent on
closer examination of the laws of trade.
MB. KAKDAIA'S BII.I..
Air. ltaudall entered' into an explanation
of the principles upon which his bill has
been constructed. He said that in fixing
duller, the ra'es had been adjusted us nearly
as possible to cover the difference in the
margin of the cost of production here and
abroid. la working out the details of fcis
bill, it had been hie purpose to lower duties
wherever possible. Between the extreme
free trader, on the one hand, and prohibitive
tariff positions, one of them waa to fix the
revenue line on imports just high enough to
realize sufficient revenue for the needs of the
government; another was to make the tariff
sufficiently high to cover the difierence
of the cost of production in this country
and other countries. To lower the
rate of duty, when that line was
passed, must be to tucrease the revenue; to
raise the rate oi duty when the line ol maxi-
mum revenue was reached, would result in a
decrease of revenue. Any computation that
did uot take those facts into account would
he uiieriy worthless, lie stated distinctly
that if it could be made to appear iu any
case t hat the measure he had proposed con
ferred more protection than was needed to
cover the cost of production, he was ready
to lower it. If, in any instance, the rate was
too low to cover that cost, he was ready to
raise it.
lIOSOFOUEo EXISTED
without a tariff'. The Standard Oil Trust;
the whisky trust and lire cotton
trust and others that lie ronld mention, the
greatest trusts in the whole country, were
not protected by the tariff, lie we,s for the
protection of labor, not in one Stnte merely,
nut in all the States. He was for the pro
tection aod maintenance of that industrial
system that allows to the laborer a larger
proportionate share of his products than was
realised in any other country, or under any
oilier system.
Certain provisions of the metal schedules,
he said, had been very sharply assailed, and
he devoted some time to answering speak
ers who had attaoked his measure. He took
<it> the s -neffnle relating to steel rails and
quoted figures at length to sustain his ac
tion in using duuc- et the rates lie pro
posed iu his bill. The duty cn cotton tics,
no said, was one of the inconsistencies of
the present tariff. It was only fair that they
should pay a duty as hoop iron and as an
article of manufacture. The present law was
a positive discrimination against the home
manufacturer and in favor of the foreign
producer. The rate of wages in England on
cotton tie manufactures was hardly one half
of tlie wages paid in such manufactories in
Tittsburg.
CBITICISLNG TUB MILLS BILL,
lie then proceeded to criticise the com
mittee bill, saying that the declared purpose
of this bill is to secure “free raw materials
to stimulate manufactures;” yet, in execu
tion of this idea, the bill places on the free
list a large number of .articles which are
really manufactured articles, such as salt,
sawed and dre«ed lumber, glue, various
oils and chemicals, china clay, etc., and be
also cited a number of examples where the
duty on raw materials is greater than ou
manufactures of such materialh, and where
both the raw materials andthemantifaetured
products are free, thus making manufactur
ing impossible. Mr. Bandall asserted that
instead of the bill reducing customs revenue
$64,000,000, as was claimed, it would be fair
to estimate that its effect would be to largely
increase the revenue instead of reducing it.
while the amount of material wealth it would
destroy is incalculable.
Mr. Holdall said he yielded to no man
on Ilia side of the House in his desire for
continued Democratic -control iu the ad-
ministration of the Federal government. He
did not believe the adoption of the commit
tee's bill would make such a result certain.
CAOCtm DICTATION.
He said; “I cannot be coerced into any
particular action upon economic questions
by direction of a party caucus. Tho period
of political caucus has departed, never to
return, and yet we should confer and have
unity, if it is posdble, in these matters. I
speak only for myself. My convictions on
tne tariff sre strong, and founded as I think,
upon principle, and upon information and
intelligent comprehension of the subject.
When anyone here enters upon the tuk of
invoking caucus power, or other modes of
coercion, I can ouly say to him, if he acts
with good purpose,that it will prove fruitless
undertaking; or if ill motive, then assign
him to all the natural contempt which inch
■eif-constitued supercilcusness deserves.
In conclusion Mr. Randall quoted from
the earlier statesmen in support of his
viewa upon the tariff and said; “if Jackson
could say he was confirmed in his opinion
by the opinions of Jefferson, Madison and
Monroe, how much more am I confirmed in
my spinier, by his great authority added to
that of
TUB POUNDKBS AND BCILDBBK
of the Democratic party. I JVarn the party
that it Is not safe to abandon prineiplea ao
fundamental to our inatitutions and so
neceasary to the malntalnance of onr indus
trial aystem—principles which attested tlie
wisdom of tho-.e who established them by
‘ orne. the full fruition
eluded his speech at 12:36.
SPEECH OF MR. M'KINLEY.
Mr. McKinley opened his speech by' say
ing that the country was in an anomalous
state. There was nothing resembling it any
where in the world. While we were seeking
to find objects to relieve from taxation iu
order to relieve the pressnre, other nations
were engaged in exploring the fields of hu
man industry and human production to find
new objects of taxation to supply their in
sufficiencies. in considering ’ the situation
that confronts us and the bill which was in
tended to relieve us, it is well that it should
be understood at the beginning what things
all were agreed ’ upon. They
were, lint, ihat we were
collecting more money than was required for
the current necessities of the government;
and, second, that the excess, whatever it
might be, should be left with the people.
The contention, therefore, wns not on reduc
tion, but on the manner of reduction; not
that no reduction should be made, but how
and iu what manner it could bs best ac
complished. All parties were further agreed
that the tax on tobacco should be abolished
and that the $30,000,000 now collected from
tiiat source from manufacturers of tobacco
should be hereafter left with the people. No
hinderauce or obstruction would there have
been upou tlie Republican side to the
ABOLITION OF THE TOBACCO TAX.
Ggntlemen on the other side bad united
with them during the last session to secure
recognition for the purpose of offering a bil
to abolish that tax, but that recognition had
been refused by tlie presiding officer of the
Ilcusc; refused, too, when every intelligent
Representative knew that if an 'opportunity
had been given to vote upon the bill, it
would have received not merely a majority,
but a full two-thirds vote of the I!ou«e. If
that hill had been passed, no immediate sur
plus would now be in the treasury to disturb
tlie country. (Applause.) But if this taxa
tion were repealed now there would he left,
according to the report of the 'ecretary of
the Treasury, about forty million dollars
still collected in excess of public necessi
ties. How should this sum be remitted to
tin* people with tin- li-ip-i di.-Uirlmm-e of tin-
great interests oi tlie country? Thai was
the real, practical question before tlie House
to-day. At this point parlies and individ
uals divided. Therein was manifested tin-
two lines iff political thought which had ex
isted since' the foundation of the govern
ment. He could not forbear from congratu
lating the country that it now had an issue
upon which all sections and all nationalities,
uninfluenced by prejudice and unbiased by
faction, without regard to past party affilia
tions, could divide.
THERE WA8 NOW AN ISSUE
which left the past behind and looked only
to the present and future. It was tin issue
that appealed neither to race nor to geo
graphical lines, an issue which the House
could discuss and divide upon as each mem
ber should honestly believe was to the best
iutereit of the individual citizen and the
country at large. He congratulated the
country that it had that issue now, and in
li...t ill ... :. ...... .: the ii-mn Klim pi made in
the President of the United States ami this
bill, and wished to reach tho conclusion, if
possible, which would secure to the whole
country the greatest prosperity. AVhat was
the division- between the two great polit
ical parties? It wits upon principles as old
as the government; it was between what was
termeua revenue tarifi as distinguished from
a piiffcdivi- tariff', trad upon the respective
merits of the two systems the parties must
stand or fall.
He sharply contrasted the “tariff for reve
nue” policy of the Democrats and the “tarifi'
for protection” policy of the Republicans.
He said that one ineaut the admission to this
.-..tintry i.f foreign goods which could lie
produced here, whenever the line of exeess-
i\ e revenue w ws icached, and consequently
the destruction of American industries. The
other meant protection as well as revenue;
it meant the stimulation of our industries
and the protection of our labor in the fruits
of Us work*
THEBE WERE MANY ILLUSTRATIONS
of Democratic doctrine in the bill. Wool
was oae of them and cotton bagging waa
another. The bill meant that Calcutta and
Dundee should supply ns with cotton bag
ging and other countries with wool. Tile
on January 6. it necessarily had to confront hill were on one side or the other side dur-
this condition of affair? and attempt to ing that great strife, or that certain
frame n hill which would |o reduce the reye- 1 Slates huye lagged behind in the progress of
Hues of tlie government us to bring its legitl- national growth. It might as well be under
mate expenses and its revenues close to-1 stood that what we do and say here is done
getter, and I Ids, too, in such a way ns to re- j and (aid in view of the American people,
uuce the burden of taxation upon the peo-1 who are in dead earnest concerning that
pic. It reeoghlxed that Revenues could he , master. It has been reported that iu some
reduced bv mining the duties to a prohibi-, savage country.
tory standard, but this only increased the j OUT OF THE BONES OF THE DEAD,
burden- <d taxation. Repeal of the entire . . , , . . , . _ . ..
internal revenue wouhf also reduce the , implements of various kind were made, but
revenues t** a point where there might be an in this debate it has occurred to gentlemen
annual deficit of $i0,000,000; but this de- J so eminent as to be distinguished represents*
licit C,Uhl not work harm for th « P™?!?'- 1 tlves of the people to deliberate^ dig up the
as the M.rplu remaining ou June 30 18Ss, bone , o( th/m-foe. „( great war and oit of
would be sufficient to comply• with. the re- thein ra , mifacture di^and loaded dice, at
qutr. immvot the linking mud nut 1 1881, that u> play in tUii galn ’ e of , lolitlca . In ,’ ucU
ttlien lli liffir and a nalts fall due. But no n game, even with such dice, the gentlemen
large seetfcn oi the American people really , hl , m m«y rest.muni they will lose,
lavoreu me plan which removed taxation q-| le American people are in no humor either
from spirits, beer, and tobacco, and left the to witness or approve such proceedings. I
necessaries of tile hardened. express the confident belief that the time has
NOIE W AS THE COMMITTEE WILLING
to nttempt to give substantial relief from the
present unnecessary taxation by adopting a
plan which did' not light a single furnace,
cause a -ingle wheel to revolve, give labor u
express
gone by when either tlie passions of war, or
denunciations of the whisky ring, abuse of
the South, or identification of revenue re-
formers with tlie Confederate army, or any
other of the skillful arts which those who
are interested in the maintainance of this
singli day - i ages, remove.from commercial; system have heretofore successfully used,
nativity any burden, nor from tho muntifac-1 can prevent some action which will be the
turer any annoyance. This plan simply I beginning of a system which is based on the
iuuk fmii. ini* public treusury uiai amount great principle ihat all tariff legislation
of ta.vc- vt hich would he voluntarily paid in I should be fur tho public good, and not for
by a methij*l which distributed those iexes ! private interest. Hut 1 venture to affirm
• >ju i!l\. impiirtially, and notjbj burdening that
the dc
the pi
purpe
ment
factui
sot life, rejecting therefrom
position to increase duties for the
e of reducing the revenues of govern-
ii'i increasing the revenues olmanu*
and the proposition to repeal the
. _ . . ,, , . known, that this bill was the result of great
Democrats, since December, had been letting , . . , . $
eople take care of themselves ami l,lbor ' of an ean,c,,t ,ie * ,re to re » ch » fair ttml
conservative compromise measure, and that
our own people
were trying to legist
for other
foreign people. In the course of his speech ' every item of it underwent the scrutiny of
Mr. McKinley entered Into a vigorous *“* *
criticism of th* bill and created much
amusement and applause by his anaivsis of
the incongruities of the measure. 'While,
be said, owing to lack of time he could not
noint out the ridiculous features of the hill,
lie produced some fair samples by which I lie
bill could be judged. He (bowed that the I leaves the average rates of duly higher than
duty on steel bad been increased from 36 tier I they were under tlie Morrill tariff, and it is a
. cut. to 63 per cent, ad vaiorem, thereby j protecuvs isnffbiii. she committee did not
causing on increase of from one-quarter to ■ believe that it was its duty to do more than
one-half cent on everv pound of wire fenc-1 propose a moderate reduction of taxation by
ing that enclosed the farms of (he West; the increasing the free list, reducing certain
duty on cut nails made from steel billets waa tales, and removing, ns far as possible, any
reduced 26 per cent, while the duty on the necessary restrictions, and make an effort to
raw material waa increased 46per cenu lie rendsr the administration more efficient for
criticised the bill which the President had protection to honest importers and detec-
said must be passed whether or no, and t* on * nd P re cn 'ion of fraud.”
which he waa dispensing official favors to 1 INTERNAL revenue.
have passed, for, as the Post said, there was
Alls ' * ----- --■*
It is iffit important about the de- manner of ita preparation; no abuse of air. Turning towards Mr. Kendall’* (eat, Mr.
bill; it it the system that is Oil those'wlio were concerned in its prepare- Breckinridge expressed his high ijq.rei la-
* 1 V r American system tion, can remove from you the responsibility tlon of Mr. Randall's past services anti to bis
ntained or the British system of action nor chauge the issue made by the present ability, but added that it pained
i‘ ” " fiim to hear the gentleman cloie liig
speech by a rcfcrcr.ee to (livery. It con
trasted with the manly opening of the gen
tleman from Ohio, (MiKinlejrt when lie jut
the past behind him, and looked to the
present and future. [ * ;
The applause which had been liberally in
terspersed throughout Mr. Bteeki Bridge's
speech, gtew jntoufctoim when he conclud
ed and took his seal. Cheer folli wed cheer,
ladies in the gailieriea waving their hand
kerchiefs, nnd Mr. Ilreckenrldge’scolleagues
rushed fortvuid enthusiastically to grasp his
hand.
The committee then roie and, the House,
at 4:43, took a recess until 8 p. m., the eve
ning session to he for the consideration of
pension bills. "• 1
Tlie House, at ita evening ression, parsed
thirty-live private pension bllii, and at 10:30
adjourned.
SATURDAY’S SPEECHES.
Mr. Reed, of Maine, then took the floor to
discuss the tariff bill. He said that he pro
posed to dhuuss some general principles
which underlie two modes of nationuf ac
tion which are confessedly in dispute in
Congress and iu the country. He would
treat the bill ns in their beagts the leaders
on the other side did, as n step only in a
particular direction. The importance of the
propositions at issue, the intense interest ex
cited by the pending measure on two con
tinents, hare the strongest witness that could
ho borne by men. Those who, living on this
side of the ocean, grew nnd made articles
which were nece.-sary for the comfort and
huppiress of the puoply of tlie United
States, were on one side of
the question, while foreign smsufaatsfmw,
foreign political economists and foreign
t tatesinen wire all on the other. Tills,
owever, should not prejudice the question,
if it lie true that by having llieir goods made
abroad, tlie people of tlie United States, as a
whole, would become richer ami more nros-
nerous, would have- their houses better tarn
ished, their tables spread with finer linen
nnd covered with more bealthlul food; if
their bodies would bo protected by warmer
woolen from ibe cold of Maine, n..d by
finer clothing from tlie biirnlog tan of Texas '
—if they would, ou the whole,
and from generation to generation
enjoy uioro of the comforts and
luxuries of IKe and would them-elves bo
mere intelligent and better fitted to be citi
zens of the republic, already great and de- -
tined to benilghly hcroudull former dreams
of empire, then, by all mcana, sink national
prejudice, burst the barriers of provincial
narrowness and with one accord adopt not
merely the present bill, but such legislation
as would surely treble the spindle* of Eu
rope and destroy our own: such measures as
would put out the fires of our furi nees
and illumine those beyond' the sea. If of
every two dollars in our pockets, ono waa
sufficient,
IF SPENT IN ENGLAND,
to give us all we had now and w e were .-ure
of still having in our pockets the tame t-.io
dollars which wemul now, surely tlie prob
lem was too easy fur .lisputi and too siiN|.le
for discus-ion. We hull only to pass tin; lull
which will give free course to wlmithe free
Made pfOicsSOlB vtuieii tile iuicr-lmiiiiuiti raw
of tlie Almighty, nnd if learned ccnnomistH
on the other snV wi re true to their logic and
did not falter wii'.t both their language ami
conviclions, they could propose l.i other
course. Kupoleon was right when lie said
that Europe mu: t lie a Cossack or a Repub
lican. Lincoln whs right when he said the
United States must lie either free or slave.
The House dividiii against itBeii had to
unite or full. The rcv« nue reform argument
was either a fruitless pretense
or covers (lie whole ground,
protection wu* either in its essence a bene
fit or a curse. Incidental protection was
sham "tariff lor revenue only.” If protec
tion be a tax for tlie manufacturers' befitfii,
then wliat is tlie tax if it be the result of
even n revenue tariff'. Incidental protection
was of all tin-most inexcusable; it wu* an
act ident which ought to be avoided like a
railway disaster.
THE PRESIDENT WAS THE LEADER
of the Democracy; he was aiso the dis
penser of putronnge, ami as he was rapidly
slinking tlie dust of civil service reform off
ids feet, be was assuming control of bin
party. There waa but one free trade, and
tlie ’Prcsiil-nt was its prophet. Whoever
fails in battle in the service of tliis nev. Al
lah and its prophet, for him th.-ill open the
shining rates of the heaven nf foreign mis
sions and Federal offices. If the President
waa right, and the gentleman did not dare
to doubt him, an annual tribute was paid
protected manufacturers out ot the pockets
of the people more impoverishing than was
ever exacted by an oriental despot. In the
face of the duty to free the people from tliia
iron yoke, tlie gentlemen stood higgling
about the amount of the tribute. Imtead of
$47 for every hundred, they proposed to
give $40 of tne people’s money and throw
into the trade the markets of the world. If
it were a tribute, be bold and sweep it
away. He d d not propose to defend pro
tection. The country’s growth, within the
last quarter of a century defended it better
even than eloquent orations. It was born
with the republic; it was the faith and prac
tice of every civilized nation under the
sun save one. It had survived the assaults
of all professors of the “dismal science’'
called political economy. It had stood up
against all the half-knowledge of learned
men who never bad sense enough to transmit
their learning iuto wisdom. On the face of
the earth to-day there were but two seta of
^PEOPLE WHO BELIEVED IN FREE TRADE,
whether pure and simple or disguised as
revenue reform, and thoje two are the
niaiked majority ol the committee on wavs
anil means and their followers and i(ia
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ire
land, with Ireland suppressed. Mr. Reed
a uoted from Baniat, “In free trade tho
chest country gives most, in fact levels
Ibxll duwa and level* the vibes u.buimt
up.”
He declared that America was richer thia
Europe and we meant to keep the wealth
here. We meant to do it even if we built a
Chinese well of tarifi taxes around the coun
try. He ridiculed the talk of “monopoly”
and “trusts,” which he called idiotic, raving
and pestiferous runt, and illustrated what
would happen to those who reached ont for
the markets of the world by qnrting E-oii’h
fable of the dog passing over the bridge
with a bone in hu month and saw his own
reflection in the water and let go hi- bone to
leap for that of the reflected dog, ami so had
none and was wet beanies.
We have now, he said, spent twenty d.n .
on the discussion of the Mills bill. Have
you noticed what has been tl\p Bus. utterly
lniiignifirunt thing in tliedi-. u-.-i.it,? Tht
most iitWtiy insignificant thing in the dis
cussion has been the Mills l.iil. Hnw.fr-
you account for it? I will tsU yon- If tin
principles you have enun
THE GALLANT FEDERAL SOLDIER,
who, urged only by a sense of duty in time
of great peril, risked his life in retrieving
the disaster impending at Shiloh, will hardly
be satisfied when he ask for Cheaper cloth
ing and cheaper lumber to be told that lie
fought at Shush to settle the question that
the Eastern manufacturer had a rigid to
compel the Western consumer to pay such
duties as his greed demanded aud tl at auy
effort to cheapen the necessaries of life by
removing therefrom the present esastions
would be held to be recognition of the Con
federate constitution and wisdom of seces
sion. The day has pasted when, under the
old ilDg and in the name of loyalty, the
sweat of the farmer ami laborer, coined to
hard money, can he taken without consul*
cration under pretense of tariff protection
to American Innor.
After an exhaustive review of the antici
pated effect of tin- pending bill upon the in
dustries which have been most prominently
named in its discussion, Mr. Breckinridge
said: Several times tiuce this debate com
menced, the true argument against this bill,
the only effective appeal, bus been uttered
It may lie condensed into "united we Maud
divided we fall.” It was the argument of
A COMBINATION OK THREATS.
Each protected syndicate says to all others
of this great American “trusts-tariff cone
bine”: "We must stand together, four*
squared, like infantry in battle resisting tlie
charge, for revision anywhere is defeat
everywhere." So the sole duty any one w ill
give un is that on sugar, because they be
Sieve tne surrender of the sugar duty will
take from the treasury so many millions of
dollars that thereby all other duties may be
saved. Tho promise to give bounties is as
surely illitsory ns were the offers made on
the Mount of Temptation. The present
tarifi' is the result of coin-
bination, and ft is to be maintained
by combination. The interests which se
cured ita passage nre retaining the benefits
received by it, so fur an necessary to be used
to perpetuate it. The boost has been made
on ibis floor that the chairman of the coin
mlttee on ways and mean: of the Forty
eighth ami Forty-ninth Congress, that gal
lant and pure gentleman, brave of heart
clean of life, loyal to friend, frank to foe,
with conscience void of offense and love for
truth that nothing could daunt, has teen
stricken down because
HE OPPOSED THIS COMBINE.
Greatly as I deplore his defeat, and as
much as I miss his presencf, it may bt that
his defeat, compassed os it was, will be of
greater benefit than his presence. His very
absence arrests the attention of ail ‘ the re
public, ana all the people ask, are such elec
tions necessary to the maintenance of this
system? Gentlemen protectionists, I warn
you that the vacant seat of Morrison cries
louder than tkc virtues of Duncan against
the “deep damnation of bis taking off.”
In conclusion, he said: If ene standing
litre in this hall to-day and looking into the
future, could be able to see what the years
would bring ns under a system where the
untrammcled activities of a free Christian
people find fruition under a climate so sain
brious and with soil so fertile, nll bordcns to
progress thrown aside, all passions of the
past removed and every one engaged in
generous and unselfish rivalry to make for
and out of the opportunities in which be ia
called all that is possible, no hand could
paint and no orator picture what would be
the result. Then we
CHILDREN OF EXILES AND EMIGRANTS
could welcome onr kinsman ot all lands to
cut their lot with ns, for willing hand*
would find waiting work to yield a liveli
hood. The silence of rivers now broken
only by an occuional boat- would be turned
into the tweet hum of profitable commerce.
The secret lodges of anxious and discon
tented operatives would become open u
lemblies of happy and coutented families
« , _i . -x . - . from who-e hearthstones the shadow of
entown for - Vt"; ry SoWdS' «5i»di£ I. 7!“*™** " Tenue , r“« m want had given place to the mild radiance
to the re to of the public building bill in .Mr. i hc Baid: U w “ determined in retponse to 0 f permanent comfort. The husbandman
Sou den’s district). I wliat seemed to be tlie .sentiment of a large I no longer sowing in would yet reap in
THE bill WAS sectional | ,, a rt of the country to propose tlie repeal of
in that the cotton planter could get hoop i taxes on manufactured tobaoco. For practb | assured market at remunerative
iron for hU cotton ties free of duty, while cal statesmanship U the art of wise corn- pr j ceSa The legislation of the eountry, hav*
the farmer of the West must pay for the | >r< jmlae and in a free country the desire and Ing for its object the public good, and freed
same iron one and a half cents a pound, if ?! the Wft from the domination of^ private greed, would
,, ,,, . •,. • , *; c ggpnyg- BW sacceiatully grapplp with the problem which
he wuhed it to bind his thatch or Him pail, sufficient reason fur the legislation. Our nroeress wiH preaenl aod a free people be
Mr. McKinley o.>nclu.|.-d: “But now 1 UUefwuthUt ; exempt frnft brandy and S.Med by7re<?^“reuntativeJ, neither
to the gentleman (Mills,and lus associates alcohol used in tin- arw was indirectly and owned. M.inced nor terrified liv organizad
go backto the people and a*k to be elected hyp*-nt* aliy but < ib*. tuully. t* destroy j n tere.«$t>. 81owly will this future $•»> me. We
thK bill and tne internal revenue system; and if this is have our backs to it to*day; let us turn our
Then, if the to be done, we pr«icrred to do it or have it f-c-g * 0 its rising sun. If we can do do
II . (ipaly, aii.d u.u-Njix lb t. sp-.n-vilijlity ( m0 re, WC can lift ftartye* tovarsi thi- .; t
internal revenue system. The committee
attempted to frame a bill which would re
ill!ce ilie revenue* hy a «ftf« amount and
would r. litvc, as far as a moderate bill
could do,
TH&lflLS OF THE PRESENT TARIFF
and promote American industries by giving
to Amerieun labor hope of a permanent,
staple and profitable market. It recognized
that the ftvsteai which has been in existence
lor over a’ qimrler «>l a century could not be
hastily or recklessly over-ruled. It desired
to harm no indiistrv; it constantly was in
favor of the established rates of duty and in
the easelfsf-dQubt uronosed a rate which it
believed to be entirely safe. No one can
appreciate more than we that the bill re
ported by us doeb not answer all the condi
tions o t. day ; that many duties are left at
a rate tbo'hign, that relief which ought to be
given where it has not been grunted to the
extent which the condition of the country
and of labor required but I venture to affirm
(lint. njwlAr nil In* whinh «nr»
round us, trving to perform uu onerous pub
lic duty witfi an eye single to the public
good, we have reported a bill, which every
luir-nunded man iu America muy accept as
wise, moderate and proper legislation. And
upon this statement, for one, 1 am willing to
go to the country and submit to its judg
ment.
HU It ROWS ANSWERED.
Referring to criticisms of Burrows, of
Michigan, upon the committee of ways and
means aud its methods of framing the bill
under discussion when he stated that in his
criticisms lie was violating no .secrets of the
committee room, Mr. Breckinridge said:
“With wit which was equalled by bis cour
tesy and much greater than the desire for
accuracy exhibited, the gentleman from
Michigan insinuated what he would not be
recklos enough to directly a^ert, that not
only was the bill not prepared by the com-
mi nn whvr and mean?, which reported
it, but that there was no member of tne ma
jority so lost to personal pride as to admit
its parentage, 1 trust that it is within the
most rigorous bound of parliamentary lan
guage to say this is absolutely without foun
dation. In iui length, breadth, heightb,
depth and thickness it is a creation of the
gentleman’s fancy, except that he violated
no secrets of the committee room in making
the statement; what he violated I leave to
him to determine. At no meeting in tbut
committee room or elsewhere, at no time or
nloce, in no manner whatever has the ma
jority of that committee ever piven any one
any pretense to say that it denied its respon
sibility for this bill, or that any one but the
members of that majority was in any degree
whatever responsible for it.
A TROTKCTIVE DILL.
But it ia proper that this House and the
country should know what prebably is not
mittee. As a whole, it is a compromise of
the independent and emmest opinions of
earnest men bent on practical legislation. It
does not pretend to change a system, to set
aside the present system and substitute in
lieu of it another und different system. It
to the Fifty-first Co
on the President's message.
majority is returned to the next HoiMe, , „„ ., r
will be authorized, aye, instructed to vote for it up<
^Ht* Af r count ries on account She
"H«ln the United StStcs,
Jr r outlet ample to cover that
» hw a card!
nal princi*
for tiiis bill. Do not dodge or eqor
meet the issue squarely. Make your plat
form in (Vnnootn ut|the same a*'in tlie < aro-
nd New \ ork the Marne
>cate; Those who vote to <
the fruit, they ba»-
of which, however, can only he realized DT 111*
the extension of diversified Indostries to all aa in Mi-:»sippi aod Tennes him
parts of the country, not in the North ami the majority conu s hack, you will b<
Fast alone, hut in tha South ami Wert a structnl to accept the Briti-h system
well. Anew eraof industrial enterpri-e | ami abandon the American, (.Laughter
will do sc with i
to destroy the
The bill is befo
liility of it. prep
responsibility o
rko accomplished it. 1 0 f ue ^ hope and resolve that from this boor
DPj "' I'" thus used our jtep* shall be in that dire, ti- ...
, AN OVATION TO MORRUON’R NAME.
Mr. Breckinridge’s reference to Morrison
was greeted with most tumultous applause
on the Democratic tide. Hands and arms
were wildlv waved and books tossed in the
iwledge that.it is a voi
upon distilled spirits,
'nngress; the responsl-
ion war upon iis; the
.•i-lation is upon you.
rthors, no chargee, how-
i-uurteou-, a- to tlie
principle, you nave enun< tateu :ire true, it
is an unworthy compromise with .-.itan; ifS
the principles we have Hun d ai l- mi., u i-
an unworthy ainbiucu h , and you know it.
YoO neon this merely f. r .lilt- step; y,.u
mean to cut deeper tin- next time; you n;eu>.
th* destruction ot th* redlB that now os-
fats.
Mr. Reed completed hi. spec. !. ..i ’-t
great applause.
SEE ECU OP MR. CAXUBEK.
Just before two o’clock Speaker Car i.
took the floor, and a- he « . r ,gi,;». J
CONTINUED ON ELEVENTH Cage.
