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THE WEEKLY TELEGRAPH: TUESDAY. SEPTEMBER 25-TWELVE PAGES.
GREAT GENERALS.
Lord Wolsele^’s Estimate of
Eminent Commanders.
A TRIBUTE TO ROBERT t. LEE.
Ancient and Modern Generals Kid Their
Strong Point*—Nome of Uie Men
Who Have Changed tiic
World*. History.
•Gan. Wolsclcy In Fortnightly Review,
As nations have been destroyed by indi
viduals, so, too, they have been created by
individnals. How, then, can it be said
that all the great political and national
xcvolntions of the world-are the direct out
come of natural laws? Into every phase
of history the sheer* ability, will, fotx>8 of
character, the very idiosyncrasies of indi
viduals. and above all other things, the
military genius of great commanders or
xnlers, enter very largely as powerful fact
ors for good or evil.
Should we over have had the crusades,
had Peter the Hermit never been bom?
And in that rase how diflerect would have
been the history of European civilization!
What an influence Holland has exercised
upon the world, and yet, if the sickly,
prematurely born William of Orange
had died of the virulent small
t>ot with which he was attacked
In early life, or had John Churchill died
of fever in Tangier, there can be little
doubt that Holland would have followed
the fate which then overtook Alsace and
Lorraine, and, like them it must _ have be
come in time essentially French in feeling
and an integral part of France. If Well
ington in early life had accented the small
post in the Irish excise which his family
pressed him to take, or after Talavcra, had
he resigned the command in disgust with
the interferences of ministers, as ignorant
of war as he was of theology, Napoleon
would, in all human probability, have
died injpeace and ti iumph at the Tutlleries.
After Sir Sohn Moore’s death, there was
no English general save Wellington. In
the same 100 years before, Marlborough
was our only commander who was fit to
cope with Villars and the other marshals
of France of that time. In Anne’s reign,
the grand alliance, which may be said to
have saved European liberty, could have
only been kept together by the tact and
military genius of Marl rorough. It was
his great ability in the field that secured
the independence of Holland, that saved
Europe from the grasp of the great French
king, ns she was saved a century later
from the tyranny of tbo great Corsican by
analyse t!be situaticn, and come to the
right conclusion.
.WKlCdNOTON.
I would instance Cnsar, Hannibal,
Marlborough, Napoleon and Gen. Lee as
men who possessed what I regard as the
highest develonment.of military genius-
men who comhinefl with the strategic
grasp of Ton Moltke and the calm wisdom
and just reasoning ,power of Wellington
all the power of Marshal Beauregard and
of Seewnrofl to inflame the imagination of
their soldiers and impart to them seme of
the fiery spirit of reckless daring which
burned within their own breasts. The per
sonal magnetism which such great men
possess so largely, and can without effort
impart to others, was, i think, wanting in
onr "Iron Duke.” The marvelous mag
netic power of the great generous leader
(Napoleon) .over his men was certainly
undervalued by Wellington. He seems in
his mind to have divided his army into
gentlemen and army men, placing a great
unbridged gulf between the two classes.
With one or two exceptions, be apparently
had the very poorest opinion of the mil
itary capacity of his generals of division;
while he believed with all his colt heart in
the dash, courage, enduranoe, loyalty and
patriotism of his regimental officers, the
sons of English squires, and younger sons
of what was then called our aristocracy,
another illustrious British soldier.
TUB APPROACHING DOOM OP ENGLAND.
That in two such remarkable epochs of
the world’s history peace and liberty were
secured to all Europe by two of England’s
most renowned soldiers, Iwo of her very
greatest sons, would indeed ^ be (l proud re- (
Zuombrsuce for every British Subject were t past aw at tiui
it not for the comparison between the posi- him.
He seldom, if ever, spoke in appreciative
terms ol those brave soldiers who carried
him in triumph from Lisbon to Toulouse,
and if he had any affection for them he
never showed it. lie believed that when
restrained by the moBt rigorously enforced
discipline, and led by English gentlemen,
they were, under him, invincible. But he
never hesitated to describe them a* a col
lection of ruffians, the blackguards of
every British parish, the scum of everv
English town, in fact, he was a thorough
aristocrat at heart, with all the best senti
ments, out still with all the prejudices of
that class. There was no genial sympathy
between him and his soldiers; they re
spected him, and during his later cam
paigns they had the most unbounded con
fidence in his military genius, but beyond
his own immediate military household,
with whom he lived on terms of intimacy,
no one loved him. It is for this reason
that I think he will never be classed in the
same rank of military greatness—of real
military genius—with the five great lead
ers of men I have named above.
NAPOLEON.
t type of military genius, let
me lake Napolean. If there be any one
rule which may be said to sum up the
science of strategy and the tactical art, it is
that you should make your plans and carry
them out so as to be always superior to
your enemy at the point of contact. This
rule, carried ont with the utmost Secrecy
and celerity of movement, may be said to
have been the secret of Napoleon’s snccess.
The more one studies the grand campaign
of 1815 the more is one unwillingly con
vinced that had Napoleon then been physi
cally the man he was at Rivoll he would
have defeated Wellington at Waterloo as
he had just defeated Biucber at Ligny.
Napoleon failed because at that period of
his life he lacked one of those qualities
which are essential to military success. He
was suffering from such terrible physical
ailments that the marvelous energy of the
nliugeiher lacking in
with it by the English-cptaking race
throughout the world were educated
soldiers. Lee and Grant, Hton. wall .Tick-
son, Sherman, McClellan, Sheridan, Long-
street,Johnston, Ilill ami a hoot of others,
whose names are and will long be house
hold words in their own states, were all
graduates of West Point, that most excel
lent of military colleges.
ON THE Tit AIN.
PLUNGER PHIL BROKE
After Being a Great Winner,
He Has Sunk His Gains.
•'tiott we then occupied in the world and
that to which ft sickly and pharisaical
philanthropy has since reduced us. Then
we were the acknowledged mistress of the
seas, and our military strength gave us a
power and influence In the world which,
while it wns gratifyingto our pride, helped
largely to the creation of this wide empire
of ours, and conduced greatly to the
good and welfare of mankind. The
torrent of anarchical democracy lately
let loose upon England is undermining* ami
must eventually destroy that fabric of
military and naval strength upon which
our stability as a nation rests. With its
destruction hundreds of millions of money,
now invested in British enterprises, will
be removed to Borne country with an exec
utive government strong enough to main'
tain order and secure the rights of prop
erty at home, and strong enough in n mill'
*»ry sense to hold its own against all
foreign aggression. Our recent naval
maneuvers will certainly cause all Europe
to question our naval strength, even if
they do not open the eyes of our own elec
torate to the disagreeable truths long
-known to everyone not on the “front
"benches.”
WIIAT IS MILITARY GENIUS?
In many professions and callings genius
pure and simple may command succtss,
but genius alone does not make the great
commander. When leadership and respons
ibility in war are conferred upon a uiau
devoid of sound common sense, tact, good
temper and good health, eimply because lie
can write ably on strategy or Is a first-rate
lecturer on tactics, the late of his army
will bo that of Genius in the fable. As I
understand the genius possessed by the
Marlboroughs and Napoleons of all ages,
it is composed of a greater variety of tel-
enta and of natural gifts than that which
has made men great and renowned in any
other walk of life. Military genius in its
highest senso is a combination of many
qualities and powers. A man may shine
as an eminent military historian and yet
be wanting in some of theaimplcattributes
without which no man can even be a good
private soldier. In fact, lie need not be a
soldier at all. Mr. Kinf^lake and Thomas
Carlyle have shown genius in describing
actions in which they had no share. Sir
William Napier, though a soldier, made
his type of genius most felt as a historian.
Jomini, the greatest of writers on tactics,
never held any independent command in
war.
VON MOLTKE.
Field Marshal von Moltke’s charactsr is
i'.isai:.
Now let me take Ca’sar. What few men
not soldiers realize is thatquality which
Cesar showed when defeated by no fault
of lib own at Dyrrhachiuni, or when, after
almost all the world had deserted him be
cause of Iris apparent failure in Spain, he
changed the history of the world by his
calm facing of misfortune and his power
of using his knowledge of men and his
military skill undisturbed by the accidents
of fate. It was probably this latter quality
that Pompey, himself no mean strategist,
lacked, and his want of staadlnM* lost him
the empire of the world. Unduly elated
after Dyrrhaohium, he abandoned himself
to despair after Pharsalia.
MARLBOROUGH.
Let me now take Marlborough. No
part of hb life perhaps more perfectly
brings out the varied qualities which went
to make up the sum of Marlborough’s
genius than the campaign of Blenheim
und the diplomatic labors with the states-
generai which preceded it. The large and
statesmanlike political grasp of the whole
situation b easily appreciated by the care
ful reader of hb life. Bnt what Marlbor
ough was on the field of Blenheim itself,
bow in the moment* of apparent- ill suc
cess and failure in his presence, by its com
bined fire and calmne s, reanimated the
wavering and assured the victory—thb
may be recorded; but here, as elsewhere,
I believe that not one man in a thousand
who reads of it realizes what it implies.
GEN. LEE.
And lastly, let mo glance at Gen. Lee.
Lee’s strategy, when he fought ill defense
of the southern capital, and threatened and
finally struck at that of the United States,
marks him as one of the greatest captains
of thb or of any other age. No man ha8
ever fought in up-hill and a losing game
with greater firmness, or displayed a jiighcr
order of true miliiaiy genius than he did
when in command of tbeconfederate array.
The knowledge of hb profession dbplayed
by Gen. McClellan was considerable, and
his strategic conceptions were admirable,
but he lacked one attribute as a general,
without which no man can ever succeedin
war—he was never able to estimate with
any accuracy the numbers opposed to him.
It was the presence in Leeof that intuitive
genius which McClellan lacked which
again and again gave him victory, even
when he was altogether outmatched in
numbers.
THE FUTURE OP AFFAIRS.
Small and large armies have each had
their day. The present age is one of large
so simple and winning and hb military masses of fairly trained soldiers, but it is
genius of such a high order that it b most
probable he would have become a great
leader of men in the field bad any such
command ever devolved upon him. At the
same time it b possible that even Moltke
does not possess the qualities which made
the Tenth Legion love Cicgar, and which
made the Homan one of the few great lead
ers of armies whom the world has ever
known. Great coolness of head and stern
ness of nerve are required by the general
whose exclusive role in the field b to keep
several large armies in motion, each on
its own line, but each and all moving
as the pieces <M a chess-board,
toward one common object. The sternness
—I may say the relentlessness—of dbpo-
sition which enables such a man to do hb
daily work unaffected either by the all-
absorbing joy of success or by the depress
ing influences of passing failures is a rare
gift. Bat it u quite possible that such a
slrategbt, it carried from the safe position
of army headquarters, and pushed into the
midst of excitement and of peril, and of
all the emotions and startling sensations
which such a position occasions, might
then be unable to exercise the quickness of
apprehension and the soundness of judg
ment that can alone enable a man in that
position to duly weigh the circumstances,
by no means certain to me that the time
may not yet come again when all nations
will once more resort to small standing
armies of the most highly trained and dis
ciplined soldiers. We may find that the
soldier, to be at hb best, or to be even
thoroughly efficient will require such long,
and above all things, such constant train
ing, that an army consisting of a people
in arms will be impossible. In fact we
may find out by and by thrt a compara
tively small standing army of carefully
selected men, the (lower of the nation,
highly skilled in all manly exercises, in
military arts, and kept in a constant state
of perfect training, is a more effective
weapon for fighting purposes than the slow
moving and more or less unweihliy
armies of the present day. It
b only by a deep study of
military hbtory, of the military arts and
sciences in all their phases, that the
heaven-born genius can be converted into
the successful commander. Not even
Jomini was more conversant with all the
great campaigns of Btrsar, Hannibal, Te-
renne, Marlborough and Frederick the
Great than Napoleon was. Yet what b
the lesson the history of the American
war teaches us? All those whose names
Several of the Itoja Fall UpoH a X
Man from Milton.
From the UslnesviUe Eagle.
“I’ll bet you $10 he is the next-congress
man from-.-he ninth district,” and the Mil
ton county man with iron-gray whiskers
glowed upon the modest, inoffensive-look
ing gentleman from Gwinnett in the seat
in his rear.
•‘You will,” said a florid-faced, testy
man in a slouch hat, as he uprose on our
side of the car, and confronted the man
from Milton, putting hb hand in hb
pocket as he spoke.
“Yes, I will; he’ll carry Gwinnett and
Milton, and Forsyth, and Dawson, and
Lumpkin, and every county north of the
Chattahoochee—that’s what Pickett will
do,” and he shook hb beard like a billy
.goat.
“Well, he won’t -earrv _ Gwinnett,” said
♦he modest citizen. -“I live there, and we
vote over 3,000 votes, and Pickett won'
got 500 in the county.”
“No, and be won’t carry Milton neither,”
piped up a swarthy undersized man three
or four seats in the rear. “I live there and
Candler will carry that county.”
“I Jive there too," howled the man with
the iron gray whiskers, “and Pickett will
carry it.”
Then the florid faced man in the slouch
hat returned to the charge. “You want
to bet something, do von?” to the man
with the whiskers. “I’ll bet you any
amount you want even that Candler will
beat Pickett 2,500 votes. I’ll bet you two
to one, any amount, that Pickett don’t
carry all the counties north of the Chatta
hoochee, and I’ll bet you five to one that
Hall county will give Candler a bigger
majority than Pickett gets in all the bal
ance of the district.”
The man with the whiskers gave a long
whistle, and then smoothing out the
leather around his mouth up and allowed
“Why Pickett will carry Hall county.”
“Bet you ten to one ho don’t, said
slouch hat contemptuously. “I live there
and 1 know what I am talking about. We
vote 2,700 and Pickett won’t get 500 in the
county.”
“Oil, Pickett ain’t any good,” said the
Gwinnett man.
“Did you ever see him?” retorted whis
kers.
“No, I never did.”
“Well, that’s what makes you talk so. I
tell you Pickett is a good looking man and
a lovely man.”
Then slouch hat from Hall chipped in,
still with hb hand on hb money.
“Well, Candler ain’t a pretty man, nor a
lovely man, but he’ll get there just the
same.”
Whiskers sighed and looked out of the
window.
“You are hitting*the old man too hard,
boys,” said a smiling-faced gentleman in
the scat behind Ua toiiu uuu nut spoken
before. “He is running for the legislature
in Milton on the Pickett issue.” °
“Oh Lord!” from the slouch hat from
Hall, and a general gufTaw from the crowd.
“Well, have it your way, boys, now,”
said whiskers, “but you’ll see.”
“Are you going to bet anything?” Raid
slouch hat, still fingering his roll.
“No, Pm not n betting man,” said whA-
kers. Then the crowd all holloreu add
drifted away, and whisk- rs reached down
iu hb tail pocket, took out a bottle of red
liquor, glued it to hb mouth, and counted
the ventilators in the top of the car.
“Duluth,” shouted the conductor, and
whiskers pulled himself together and
ambled out to the platform of the station
and the train whirled away, leaving him
standing there in the dusk and tbe drizzle,
the lonesomcst-looking man imaginable.
But he ain’t lonesomo now. But, oh
how lonesome he will be when the return
come in.
Tariff Facta Tersely Stated.
From the Philadelphia Times.
The present tariff protection on iron is
$45 for every $100 of iron manufactured
here. The labor cost in making $100 worth
of iron fore b separately taxed) b $25.
The Mills bill makes but 75 cents per ton
reduction on iron.
Bessemer steel is protected over $40 in
every $100 worth of steel manufactured,
and the labor cost of producing it in the
steel mill b $9.
Hoap Is protected $19 in every $100 man
ufactured, and the labor cost of producing
it is $3.
Linseed oil is protected $35 in every
$100 manufactured, and the labor cost of
producing it is $5.
Envelopes are protected $20 in every
$100 manufactured, and the labor cost is
$11-
Salt b protected $33 in every $103 pro
duced and the labor cost is $25.
Nails are protected $33 in every $100
produced and the labor cost b $22.
Wool b protected $11 in every $100 pro
duced and the labor cost b $5.
Tin i- tax.-.l -21 in every ?l""nni-.umed
and we do not produce tin-plate at all.
Paper bags are protected $26 in every
$100 produced and the labor cost b $16.
Thise articles are all common necessaries
of life or of business and all of them are
protected by the Mills tariff bill largely
above the labor cost of production here
on the basis of good wages to labor, ex
cepting tin, salt and wool, which are made
free.
Wool. b made free to enable onr woolen
industries to double tbeir home product to
give increased wages to labor, increased
profits to capital and 20 per cent cheaper
woolens to consumers.
Tin b made free because we have no
labor engaged in iu mannfuotnre, and be
cause a tax on it is a needless tax upon the
common necessaries of the land.
Salt is made free because it b used in
every family, rich and poor, and because
tariff taxes on it have bred an extortionate
monopoly trust that robs every table in the
entire country. •
The wages of American labor should he
fully protected by our tariff laws, and all
tariff taxes beyond the protection ol wages
of workingmen are simply protection to
monopolies, which employ free trade cheap
labor and give American labor higii taxes
and low wages.
HIS SYSTEM WAS SUCCESSFUL
Last Soar, But This Year’s Two-Year-Olds
Played Hob With It—OIm Reverse of
Fortune is Maid to Have Af
fected His Mind.
‘THE KALEVALA.’
From the Jfew York World.
The vagaries of Dame Fortune can no
where be better exemplified than upon the
great race courses contiguous to the city.
Each suceeeding year brings with it some
extraordinarily lucky plunger, the story
of whose enormous winnings is passed
from mouth to mouth of the thousands of
race-goers. Each year also brings its
quota of ill luck and the extinguishment
of some unfortunate better.
Last year a young man of quiet dress
made a modest appearance on the ‘Sheens-
head Bay race track. There was nothing
about lum to attract particular comment^
but it soon began to be noised about the
betting ring that the young man was a
plunger, and in a short while “Pittsburg
Phil” became famous as the luckiest and
moBt successful bettor of the year. Every
ticket he bought turned to gold, as it were,
and he won fortunes ou a single
race. In . the higlit of lib
success, while returning /rum the
races one day, a man who sat within lib
hearing and who did not know “Phil,” re
marked that “if ‘Pittsburg Phil’ fell into
the water he would come up with his
pockets full of diamonds, but that his suc
cess was mere luck, which would ulti
mately change, when ‘Phil’ would go
broke as quick as he had won.”
Thb prophecy has been verified, and
the large fortune that “Pittsburg Phil”
laid away ,at the end of last year’s racing
season has melted until to-day he is as
good as ‘broke’ and has become an imbe
cile from the strain consequent upon hb
exceeding bad luck. The end came one
day la-4 w. ek, when be wound up the
Monmouth season with a loss of $35,000,
and his mind became affected to such an
extent that hb family came on from Pitts
burg and took him away.
_ Pittsburg Phil’s right name is George
Snailli.. How he gained the sobriquet of
“Phil”b not known, but he was born and
raised in Pittsburg. He is a boyish-look
ing, smooth-faced young fellow, 21 years of
age. He always dressed very quietly, and
was unassuming in his manner. Lastyear
lie was the most successful backer of
horses in the east, and hb winnings were
computed at the close of the season at
nearly $1,000 ; 000. He always said that he
won by backing horses on form. He has
lost the major portion of hb fortune on
2-year-olds. Backing that class
form thb year has been
very unprofitable * proceeding
ra ‘*Ph51 ”
will be forever remembered in connection deep sea.
The Senate's Predicament,
From the New York World (Dem).
“It b a condition and not a theory” that
confronts tbe republicans of the .Senate.
If they tinker with the tariff they will not
be able to “fry the fat” out of the protected
manufacturers for their campaign fund.
If they do not tinker it they will be liable
to lose one or two of the western states. It
is very trying to the nerves to lie in a
shallow hole between the devil .and the
for many bettors besides “Phill” There
are very few 2-year-olds that have won
two races in succession. The winning
youngsters this season have been French
■ Park, Faverdale Colt, Chemise, Minion,
Senorita, Buddhist, Brahmin, Reporter,
Sorrento, I’ides, Proctor Knott, Seymour,
Kasson, Diablo, Tipstaff, Oregon, Madstone,
T ady Margaret, America, Minority colt,
nsom and a few others of lesser note,
all these French Park and Proctor
Knott have been the only consistent run-
Of the others no two have won suc
cessive races. "I’hil” has lost thousands
of dollars on these in-and-out hoises.
“Phil” started in at the first of the sea-
on in bad luck, losing heavily on the
(Fssfeiagtan meeting. At the Monmouth
meeting, besides dropping on the two-yenr-
olds, lie lost big money on Swift, Kaloolab,
Eurus, Britannic, Raceland, Banburg and
Telie Doc. Hb losings for theycar aggre
gate $75,000.
Some time ago, in answer to a question
as to what system lie pursued to beat 'tho
races, “Pittsburg Phil” told a World re
porter.
“Well, I play the horses on their form.
People grumble about their losses, but
they would not lose as often if they’d only
take into account the accidents in a race.
You see a horse to-day at even money.
He loses, and the next day there b five to
one against him. It may In- that hi
lost because of a jostle or some other little
accident. There aren’t five men that bet
whp watch the horses while they are run
ning. I always do. I watch every horse
through a powerful gloss and see just
through what cause he loses the race and
Watch just where and how lie finbhes. If
a horse runs second tu another in very
fast time, the next time the-second horse
runs with the first one out of the
race I back him heavily. I never bet on
jumping races, either steeplechase or hur
dle, because you can’t judgo a jumper’s
form. I don’t play the ‘card’ clear
through. I often play only one good race
a day, anil take a scat in the grand stand
and watch tho rest. I have often watched
the horses after they were in the hands of
the starter, and when some horse would
show anxiety to get away and outrun his
companions 'in tire breakaways I would
hurry to the bookies and put as much as
$5,000 on that horse. Another point b
that I play on the idea that luck b always
going to turn. If I lose $1,000 I generally
bet $2,000 to get even, and if that b lost I
still double it.”
“Pittsburg Phil” was not much of a
hand at backing jockeys’ mounts, but last
season he was very lucky fallowing the
piounls of Garrison aad Jimmy McLaugh
lin, who were the principal winners owing
to their contention for Richard K. Fox’s
diamond whip, which was filially won by
McLaughlin. The biggest hit that “Phil”
ever made was at Monmouth last fall. It
was on young Mr. Lorillanl’s gray colt
Cambvsi-. 1 lie odd* *i n- lilb en t-. mu-
Finland's Epic I’oem Translated Into En-
gltsli—Some Specimen Lines.
From the Baltimore Sun.
“The Kalevala,” the epic poem of Fin
land, done into English bv John Martin
Crawford; 2 vob. New York: John B.
Alden. The Finns arc a very ancient peo
ple of Aryan stock. Their origin is ob-
sccre, but their separation from the Aryan
stem is supposed to have been about /ire
hundred j cars ago. Their language has
many affiliations with . the Magyar, and ;
like the ancient Magyarfc, they honored the
gods of fire and water, earth and air, and
the minor dieties of the woods and
streams. They had an elaborate mythol
ogy, therefore, and being a quiet, steady,
tenacious people, with a soft, flexible
and sonorous language, and
try with long evenings and pro
tracted spells of semi-twilight, their
myths and superstitions partake of (he
homely customs, the narrow social ideas
common to the life they lead, and of that
mysterious, vigorous, but occasionally
beautiful and wooing nature which ap
pealed to their imagination as their master
as well os their friend. The primary ob
ject of worship among the early Finns was
most probably the visible sky, with its
sun, moon and stars, its aurora-lights, its
thunders and its lightnings. The heavens
themselves were thought divine. A per
sonal deity of the heavens, coupled with
the name of his abode, was the next con
ception. Finally this sky-god wns chosen
to represent the supreme ruler. He was
called Ukko, and like Jove, he wields the
thunder bolts, and is known as “The Thun
derer,” and his abode as “The Thunder
Home.” He seldom’interposed, however,
in the conflicts of gods or men. One ol
AN ORLEANS PRINCE.
How Ha Appears to tho Oooil P eonl
YFnehoigtun City. '*
From the New York World.
Washington, Sept, 12.—i law p .
Henri d’Orleans with his attendant
Arlington the other day, where a ,*
royalties ccmc when they vbit w.ai
ton. The prince is the eldest so
Dn de Chartres. The prince is tn aki „' h *
tour around the world. He j, * * *
with the usual pedantic instructor wh *
companies the sons of the heads -f T
great European families when they
mb to make what b called a grand tour
The prince has now neariv
pleted his journey. He was in to 018 *
tngton at the time the Tocie t } Vt,h '
were speaking of his presence as , P VV*
tonable lion at Lenox. The prince!.
for a Frenchman. He is 5 feet in “ **11
in bight, lias the erect military bearfc**?
an educated soldier and the brmr n F of
color of a man who is fond of
sports and outdoor amusements B . , c
is boyish in its expression and ’ t. I,c ®
shaven. He is a frond of the
His eyes are of a pale steel blue ■ rp '*
under a broad, intelligent fowC? ^
nose is straight. Hb mouth i, small and
firm in its lines. Hb chin b pointed and
is the weakest part of hb fare i? d
wore - • gjj|
visit ii
when ]
the greatest points of difference between
the gods of the Greeks and the Romans
and those of the Finns is that the latter
are independent—each in hb town shere.
The gods of the sky have passed away
with the coming of a purer religion, but
nearer and more personal superstitions of
daily life still linger in parts of Finland.
“Some of the Finlanders," says Mr. Craw
ford, “still offer goats and calves to the
sacred waters, and many of the Ugrian
clans still sacrifice the reindeer to the river
Ob. In Esthonia is a rivulet, Vohnnda,
held in such reverence that until recently
none dared to fell a tree or cut a shrub in
its immediate vicinity lest death should
overtake the offender within n year in
punishment for his sacrilege.”
it is natural that a people so shut out
from intercourse with the world, and so
clannish, should have a wealth of folk-lore
and folk-songs eminently characteristic
and. valuable. In fact we find it so. Their
ancient character b acknowledged by all
scholars. The tunes, the incantations, tbe
mention of old customs, throw light on
the traditions of the Magyars, the Ger
mans, the Icelanders and the Gothey 1 Hie
“Kalevala” is one of|the few great national
epics of the early nations, and raqks with
the Mahabharato, the Nibelnnge and the
Song of Roland,recently so admirably trans
lated by the late I’rof. Rabillon, and
the Iliad. The title simply means “the
land of heroes.” The poem relates the
ever-varying contests between the Finns
and the “darksome Laplanders,” just as the
I Iliad relates the contests between the Tro
jans and the Greeks. Castrcn b of the
opinion that the enmity between the Finns
and the Laplanders was sung long before
the Finns left tbeir Asiatic birthplace.
Some have seen in tho epic a deeper mean
ing, like the conflict between the Persian
Ormuzd and Ahriman—light and darkness
—but it is better not to attempt to force a
meaning which is not plainly manifest.
Thepresent is the first American—we be
lieve the first English—translation of the
Kalevala. Prof. Porter made a rendering
of one of the books, and the likeness of
the rhythm and ideas to many portions of
Longfellow’s “Hiawatha” has been pointed
out In at least one paper, also, wo be
lieve, by Prof. Porter. The similarity is
certainly striking. Mr. Crawford has had
the assistance of thb skilled scholar of the
Finn language and literature in the pres
ent translation. This fact guarantees the
accuracy of the rendition. The remarka
ble ease and facility for itself, as it b, in a
measure, perfectly familiar to all from
Longfellow’s Indian legend. We take as a
contrast the origin of the food most valued
nrnong northern nations, the hardy barley,
in the second runo,” Wainamoincn's Sow
ing.” The song first relates the creation of
the trees, the destruction of the oaks as a
tree accursed, and the saving from fire of
the sacred beech, and then to the ashes of
thb fire:
"Wainamoinen, wise and ancient
Brings hts made grains ol barley,
Brings ho forth his seven seed grains,
Brings them from his trusty pouches
Fashioned from tbe skin ot squirrel,
.-nun- u - rr mu.I,■ irmu -km id iimrtln.
•| l.i-nit,, -|» hi- I h. hit - t.-hkl
Hastes tbe barley grains to scatter,
Speaks unto himself these measures:
I the seed of lit* am sowing,
Bowlug through my open fingers.
From the hand of my Creator,
Iu tbe soil enriched with ashes,
In the soli to sprout and Unurish;
Ancient mother, thou that lives:
Far below the earth and ocean,
Mother ot the fields and forests,
Bring the rich sol! to producing.
Bring the seed grains to tho sprouting
That the barley may well flourish.
Never will the earth unaided
Bring tbe ripe, nutritious barley:
Never’wfll her force be wanting
If the givers give assistance,
If the givers grace tbe sowing.
"Rise, O, Earth, from out thy slumber,
From the ilumberland ot met: '
vore a dark blue traveling suit dnrin.m
•bit in Washington, whichVonlvch *j^
then he put on n ceremonious frock
to call upon the President. Hi, instr,,!? 1
b a small black-eyed Frenchman" wK
ferocious beak of a nose, which curaed om
f , fr ° n ; t l i?. 1 retr . eatln ° line ° { sloningfon!
f head. The instructor never affected iu
slightest familiarity with hb chief .WhUU
the prince came into tho breakfast room st
the Arlington hts instrnctor stood up , nd
bowed before the prince sestet himself
The young prince appeared to have aW
the same feeling for hb associate
that schoolboys generally have for
their tutors. They had bnt very lit*
tie to say to each other. Both spoke
the easy, clipped, evenly modulated French
spoken oy those who never emphasize one
syllable of a word more than another and
which so unmistakably marks the Parisian
Going over on the train to New York the
other night the young prince and his asso
ciate occupied one of the little compart-
ments |of the coach on the congressional
train. The prince smoked ver? large
cigars all the way over. He b'the one
Frenchman, perhaps, who prefers cigars to I
cigarettes. He appears to be thoroughly
weary uf his hawk-nosed companion and
barely replies to him when addressed
When he reached New York he dropped
his companion entirely. The two went up
town in separate carriages. The long jour
ney aroung the world with a pedagogue was
evidently too much of a strain tor the
prince to bear, and when he reached New
York he took a vacation. The two disap
peared in the darkness last Friday night,
going in different directions. The prince
showed signs of tho most eager curiosity
when New York first appeared in sight.
He stood at the front of the ferryboat
during the crossing from Jersey City, with
hb white hat down over his eyes i sa he
'tiffed at hb blazin'; cigar, studying the
ights and the dark forms of the city. It
was quite evident that he was so much in
terested in New York that ho did not care
to begin his preliminary study of this great
city under the fatherly care of his family
instructor.
Let the blades themselves t
Let the verdant stalks be rising,
Let the cars themselves he growing.
And an hundredfold producing
From my plowing and my sowing.
From mv skilled and honest tabor,
Ukko, Thou. O God up yonder,
From the northeast send a rain cloud,
From the west another send us,
From the northwest ilill another,
quickly from tbe south a warm cloud.
That the rain may fall from heaven,
That the clouds may drop their honey.
That the ears may nil and ripen,
That tho barley fields may rustle.”
One of the most human of tbe legends is
that which telb the fate of Aino, “Loveliest
Maid of all the Northland,” who b seen
and loVed and ueuianded iu luaniage by
Uambvses. 1 lie odds wi re imcen to one y , , , . . *>
against the horse straight, end six to one “if old » nd powerful W.inamoraen, am
for a,dace. “Phil” had $1,000 straight ^<>* ". h en 8 >>e beard of it with .cor
and $1,000 for a place on him, and when ! * trl >’l*' d herself of ell her beauty’s artificial
r ’ , 1.11 in.:i 1-.1I nnn ornaments.
he won the race it landed Phil $21,000.
The Next Governor of New York.
From the New York Graphic (Dem).
The adniinbtraiion of Gov.llil! has been
exceptionally brilliant and able. There is
not a more energetic, wide-awake man
than finv. Hill, and no act of the opposi
tion legislature, large or small, has es
caped his eye, both to its open and hidden
meaning. He b a statesman born and
bred and at the same time as nble nnd
shrewd a leader as his party has.
Merit Wins.
We desire to say to onr c-ilium. that for year,
have been selling Dr. King's New DUcqvery
f. r Consumption, Dr. King . New Life Pills,
Bucjtlen's Arnlc. Salvo and Electric Bitters,
ami have never handled remedies thst sell as
w i ll, nr thst have given such general sstlsfac-
t ..a We do not hesitate te guarantee them cv-
I cry linn', sinl wo stand ready to refund (hepnr-
' , ha-c price. If satisfactory result, do not follow P
‘ ^p'm^pSSIr'Srttol?. o!d traditions, and which are so con.pic-
!v lions, druggist/. nously absent in Hiawatha and Osman.
Tore the Jewels from her fingers,
quickly loosed her shining necklace,
quickly untied her silken ribbons,
Cast them sit away Indignant
Into forest, ferns and flowers.”
And then exclaims:
“Better had It been for Alno, >
lad she never seen the sunlight;
Better hul It been for Alno
Tied she died upon the eighth dsy,
After seven nights had vanished;
Needed then but little linen,
Needed buta little cotOn,
And agrave of smallest measure. '
Mother would have mourned a little.
Father, too. perhaps a trifle,
Mister would hive wept the day through,
Brother might have dropped a tear drop,
Thus had ended all the mourning."
There is a wonderful richness of thb
human interest and variety of folk-lore all
through the “Kalevala.” It abounds in
those primary ideas which give color to
Important Nowh to thn TulAgrAph'* lt«*iuls»i*«
The Weekly Telegraph has succeeded
in securing for its readers, as a premium,
the best sewing machine manufactured,
and while it is the best, the price is so low
that anyone can now afford this household
necessity. The Telegraph High Arm
Sewing Machine is warranted for five years,
is of superior workmanship SBd fint-clus
$n every respect.
The parts are made by steel gauge, and
must come ont perfectly exact, and those
having the most wear are made of the fin
est steel and fittedwith the utmost precis
ion.
The materials and metals used are of
the finest quality, and selected with great
care.
The loose balance wheel b a very impor
tant improvement, and so constructed that
the bobbins 'can be wound without run
ning the machine or removing the work
therefrom.
Another marked improvement b the
self-threading eyelet, check lever and nee
dle clamp.
This high arm machine, has nickel-
plstcd wheel, ornamented head on iron
stand, drop leaf table of solid walnut, oil
polished Gothic box cover with veneered
panels, case of two drawers at each end of
table, with locks and veneered fronts.
With each machine will he sent, without
extra charge, a beautiful 6et of attach
ments, consisting of 1 miller, 1 tucker, 1
set of hemmers, and the following equip
ment of tools and accessories: I foot heni-
mer, 1 screwdriver, 1 wrench, 1 oil can and
oil, 1 gauge, 1 gauge screw, 1 extra check
spring, 1 package needles, 0 bobbins, and 1
instruction hook, making the machine ful
ly equipped with every article necetsanr,
and complete in every reepect nnd ready
for work.
The “Telegraph" Sewing Machine is the
best machine sold for general family use.
It b accurately made, nicely fitted, finely
adjusted, and light running. IlissimusF
to the Singer Machine, but is improved in
every respect, and b not an imitation ma
chine, and by reason of its sujieriority in
construction and accuracy of adjustment
b the best. * _
Thb machine and the Weekly TeU>
graph one whole year may be obtained tor
$22.00 cash with each order, exactly one-
half the price of the same machine when
sold by agents. Those who are now sub
scribers to the Weekly Telegraph and
want the Machine can have their time ex
tended or the papcr«ent a year to any *“•
dress. . .. .
Every machine is new, and is
on receipt of order, thereby saving tn®
subscribers the additional freight from dis
tant points and all delays in transporU-
tion. Twenty-two dollars pays for tn
Telegraph one year and the High Arm
Machine carefully crated and delivered w
the railroad company. Tbe freign* 1
points in Georgia, Florida and Alabarn
will be from $1 to*2ona machine,payable
by the subscriber otnlelivery.
We do not pay the freight, but den®
the machine, carefully packed, to the ra
road company. A machine (craieu;
weighs 100 pounds. , ..
Write ahippingdirections plainly. * ,
can send the jiremium to one address ,
the pajicr to another, or, if a suuscri ab
have your own time exteuded. Bern 1 ' -
postal order, draft or registered letter t
tho Telegraph, Macon, Ga.
Advice to Mothers.
sirs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup should
.. -im-1 for t lilctrc-n teething. It soothe*^
Mu), aotrena the gums, alias* all p«n. . M
•lad colic, and Is the test remedy tot t .-
df.sbouia.