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SOUTHERN = FARM = NOTES.
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;\{DPICS OF INTEREST TO THE PLANTER, STOCKMAN ANO TRUCK GROWER.
Plowing, Good and Bad. ‘
A correspondent of the Country
Gentleman opens his communication
with an axiom, for it is certainly trge
that good plowing is at the founda
tion of good farming. All that is
said about plowing when the soil is
too wet or too dry applies, of course,
only to heavy soil containing a large
percentage of clay. Most of the
sandy lands of this State can be
plowed as soon as the rain stops,
without any injury. Florida farmers
have yet to learn that one-horse
plowing does not pay.
Good plowing, it has been said, is
at the foundation of all good farm
ing; and there is much of truth in
the statement. A field that is poorly
plowed is not likely to produce a
heavy crop, and always requires
extra labor in its subsequent prepara
tion and cultivation. Land that is
plowed too wet or too dry is certain
to be baked or cloddy, and often re
mains in this condition the season
through. Shallow, careless plowing
has been the bane of this section;
and many a gullied hillside testifies
to the work of the man who plowed
four inches deep because he was in a
hurry to get through. Down in the
cotton country, where, in many local
ities at least, the rule is a darky, a
mule and a little one-horse plow that
turns up from two to four inches of
soil, the damage is equally apparent,
and even more genaral.
Good plowing and deep plowing
are, however, not neces;mrlly synony
mous, Some land needs to be turned
no more than four inches, although
it is fair to say that there is very lit
tle of that kind in thissection. Land
to be well plowed must be broken to
a uniform depth and be free from
the “‘skips” and ‘“‘wallows’ left by so
many plowmen, When the soil fis
too wet te shed, or so dry that it
breaks up In chunks,. a good job is
impossible. The ideal condition is
when the soil as it falls from the
plow crumbles down into a soft,
smooth bed.
This ideal condition is not always
obtainable even where the land is
smooth and uniform, and where, as
is often the case with us, one field
may have in it a half doren types
and conditions of soil and as many
differences in topography, the prob
lem is one of great difficulty. Where
one has to plow up hill and down,
through alluvial deposits and clay
banks, he must be a better plowman
than any with whom I am acquaint
ed if he keeps his furrows of uniform
depth and width. He cannot set his
plow for every variation of soil or
slope, but must strike an average as
best he can. This means that he
may’ plow eight inches deep in one
place and four in another. Usually,
too, the least depth will be reached
where the greatest is needed. Now
this is a very unpleasant state of af
fairs, but it scems also to he inevit
able. It is one of the disadvantages
which the man who farms in the hill
country has to contead with. If any
one can tell us any practical way of
surmounting this difficulty I can
promise him the gratitude of at least
one reader, and believe he will have
that of thousands of others. - |
There are some things a farmer is
said never to appreciate until he has
had and lost them—running water, a
good fruit supply, abundant shade
trees and a convenient wood lot. 1
think it is safe to add that the man
who has level land of uniform qual
ity cannot fully appreciate his good
fortune unless he has at one time
farmed on hilly land.—Florida Agri
culturist,
The Country Boys and Giils.
It is a remarkable fact that a large
part of the brain and brawn has al
ways come from the rural districts of
all countries. We might go down
the business street of any town in
Torth Carolina to-day and take an
ventory, o to speak, of the men
v are dolng the business, and we
d find a large part of them were
' in the country. We do not |
‘o make odious comparisons
the country children and
children, but we wish to
‘tention of parents in the
the new order of things
SB,
ask fathers and moth
wmable to suppose that
yirls in the country
opportunity to cul
their minds from
27 four months in
to stand up and |
ter into life's
and girls inl
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trained for |
z of t‘no,
and lec- |
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‘ppose
cally
the' same natural ability and have
more than twice the opportunities
the others do, will be equal when the
contest comes.
Parents of the rural dgstricts, your
children are as dear to you as any
parents. Do you want them to be
helpless or inferior in capacity to
their fellows in the years to come?
lam sure no true parent does. But
mark the prediction: unless th'e par
ents of the rural districts bestir
themselves and secure mare of the
advantages for their children in the
way of education the time will sure
ly come when those who have it not
must serve.
This is not a pleasant thought, but
it is as true as the Gospel itself.
We do not want to see parents of
the rural districts satisfied with.three
or four months’ school; they must
not be content with this if they ex
pect to keep pace with the towns and
villages.—Catawba County News.
Cultivating the Plum Orchard.
There is even more necessity fof
regular and clean cultivation with
the plum than with the peach, inas
much as it requires a more plentis
ful supply of water. Moisture cag
only be retained by cultivation, shal
low but thorough, after every com
pacting rain, thereby pulverizing the
crust and forming a soil mulch to
shut off capillarity and so retain
the water already chambered in the
subsoil from the winter rains. To
insure such a reservoir of moisture
thei)rchard should Dbe plowed in
both directions with either cultiva
tor or disk harrow as early in win
ter as possible. Even during win
l ter it will pay once or twice to break
the compact crust thaf forms after
iheavy rains with an acme harrow
\or similar instrument, though this
is quite generally neglected by com
‘ mercial growers to their loss.
} Crops of grass and weeds should
never be allowed to develop in the
~orchard, as they not only rob the
trees of water, but of plant food
without a corresponding return. Low,
cultivated crops, like cotton, while
of course distinctly injurious to the
trees, are less objectionable, since
to a certain extent they pay for board
and lodging. Cowpeas in rows oc
cupying the middle between the trees
are rather more of a benefit than a
detriment, for although they trench
on the water supply, they return an
equivalent in the nitrogen they trans
fer to the soil. Small grain, how
ever, is ruinous. Cultivation should
cease before the maturity of the
crop and not be resumed until the
trees have become dormant in the
fall. This will permit the wood to
ripen up well, which a constant dis
ruption of the root system by the
cultivator would prevent.—Prof. H.
N. Starnes.
Visiting Neighbors' Farms.
Every farmer should get out occa
sionally and visit his neighbors’
“farms. Every other business man
makes it a point to know the men
who are engaged in his line of work,
and he nrofits by the acquaintance.
The farmer who stays at home all
the time is inclined to get the idea
that the sun rises and sets for the
particular benefit of his individual
patch of earth, which means that he
is in a fair way to go to seed. Of
course when a man visits another
man's farm, he will not brag, criticise
or gossip. If he®goes in a friendly
give-and-take spirit, he will general
ly find his neighbors quite ready to
explain how he grows more corn to
the acre than does the man on the
next quarter, or to show why his
poultry or his dairy bring him a prof
it, whereas they are only a drain on
the resources of too many of his fel
low-farmers. It is not safe to jump
at the conclusion that because a man
grows more corn to thg acre than you
grow his soil is any better thana
yours. In nine cases out of ten he
raises more because he uses better
seed, or because he has learned bet
ter methods of cultivation.—Farm
Life.
Severe Root Pruning Favored.
Alhough the horticulturist of the
Georgia experiment station declines
to make any positive statement con
cerning the advisability of severe
root pruning when planting young
trees, he says that he is fully satis«
fied that peach trees from which the
rootse have been largely cut off will
live and flourish in Georgia even in
s:iff clay and under adverse weather
conditions. The same statement
may also be made 'of apple and
cherry trees.. In some experiments
made he found that the root-pruned
trees made rewer, deeper, larger and
more robust roois. These roots
penetrated seventeen and one-half
inches for the roots of unpruned
trecs. -
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KING'S PUDDING.
* Four tablespoonfuls flour, two ta
blespoonfuls sugar, two eggs, a little
milk, one teaspoonful baking powder,
strawberry jam.
Beat the, butter and sugar to a
cream, beat up the eggs and stir
them in gradually; sift the flour gent
ly among the butter and' eggs, then
add about a tablespoonful of milk,
and, last of all, the baking powder.
Butter a pudding mold and put
into it a large spoonful of jam, pour
in the pudding, cover with buttered
paper and steam for two hours.
PUFFY MEAT SOUFFLE.
Add a cupful of bread crumbs that
have been soaked in a cupful of hot
milk to two cupfuls of chopped cold
meat, add a teaspoonful chopped
parsley, a tablespoonful of onion
juice, a teaspoonful of salt, one-half
teaspooonful of pepper, a tablespoons
ful of grated celery. Mix this wel}
together, add the yolks of two eggs,
well beaten, and pour into a bute
tered pudding dish. Then take twé
cupfuls mashed potatoes, add a tea
spoonful of salt, one cupful of hot
milk and at the very last fold in the
whites of the eggs beaten to a stiff
snow. Spread this over the meat and
bake in a hot oven for twenty-five
minutes. The potatoes will puff up
and brown nicely.
FANCY CUCUMBER PRESERVES.
Young cucumbers about the length
of one's middle finger should be used
for prezerving. Place them in a
strong brine and allow them to re
main there for one week. Then wash
them and soak them a day and a
night in fresh water, changing it
about four times. Wipe them, and
with a small knife slit them down
one side. Dig out the seeds and stuft
with a mixture of chopped raisins
and citron. Sew up the slit with fine
thrcad. « Weight and prepare a syrup,
using a pound of sugar to a pint of
water to every pound of cucumbers.
Heat the sugar and water. When
the boiling point is reached drop the
cucumbers into the syrup. Simmer
them gently half an hour. Take out
the preserve and spread it upon a
dish in the sun. Let it remain there
until the syrup has been boiled down
with a few slices of ginger root.
Then add the cucumbers, and simmer
very gently five minutes. Put them
into glass jars and seal. This recipe
has been used by a noted housekeep
ar for over thirty years.
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Be careful not to throw anything
but water down the sink lest you clog
it
Be sure to put scalding water in
each saucepan or stewpan as you
finish using it.
Take .naotice of all orders that req
quire time in t e preparation ol a
dinner and hurry nothing.
Take care of vour copper utensils
that the tin does not become worn
off. It so, have them instantly re
placed.
Be particular in washing vegeta
blss. Lay cauliffower and cabbage
in salt and water for an hour or more
to get out the insects.
If a dinner party is in prospect,
ask for a bill-of-fare and get ready
a:l you can the day before, to ease
worry and hurry on the day fixed.
Keep your spice box always re
plenished and take care to let your
mistress know whether you are out
of anvthing likely to be required,
that its place may at once be -up
plied.
Wear plain cotton dresses and
Jarge aprons. Be sure to keep your
hair neat and smooth. Be careful of
fuel. It is a great recommendation
to a cook to use only the necessary
amount of fuel.
Have an eye on your mistress’s in
terests, not permitting waste of any
kind: a cook who is just and nonest
and does as she would be done by is
worthy of the greatest respect and
may be sure of being successful and
happy.
Pudding bags and jelly cloths re
quire care; wash and hang them to
dry directly after using them. Air
them well hefore you put them away
or they will smell musty. Keep them
in a warm, dry place. Afier washing
up your dishes, and cleaning the
dishpan, scald out the sink and sink
brush. :
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{ “Where Ocean Breezes Blow |
is the place to go in the summer for rest, j
recreation and a real good time. Travel via Mfl M\\ e :
The Central of Georgia Railway. A T
In a few hours you can be on the shores of the Atlantic, listening §
d to the roar of the surf, drinking in the wine-like air, bathing, boating, E
{ fishing and dancing, and mingling with a gay throng of charming, &
good-natured people; the bluest of blue skies above you. &
. A maximum of pleasure at @ minimum of cost. '
For full information, rates, schedules, etc., ask your nearest W&
| Ticket Agent.
| LOW-RATE EXCURSION TICKETS &actodies of e |oA
W. A. WINBURN, J. C. HAILE, F. J. ROBINSON, |k, | 8
Vice-Pres. and Traflic Mgr. Gen'l Pass'r Agent, Ass't Gan'l Pass's Agent, I_M el
JE
g Dreams «nd Dreamers Cg
R RVLEL P R SRR SO W
é By Elbert Hubbard. é
.
' iy HERE is an idea in the minds of simple people that insanity
@ is always accompanied by violence, ravings and uncouth and
g dangerous conduct. Dreams are a temporary insanity—
® reason sleeps and the mind roams the universe, uncurbed
§ and wildly free. On awakening, for an instant we may not
¥ know where we are, and all things are in disorder; but grad
# ually time, location, size and correspondences find their pro
g ) per place and we are awake.
Should, however, the dreams of the night continue dur
ing the day, when we are awake and moving about, we would say the man was
insane. Swedenborg could become oblivious to every external thing and
dream at will. And to a degree his mind always dictated the dreams, at
least the subject was of his own volition. If it was necessary to travel or
transact business, the dreams were postponed and he lived right here on
earth, a man of good judgment, safe reason and proper conduct.
Unsoundness of mind is not necessarily folly. Across the murky clouds:
of madness shoots and gleams, at times, the deepest insight into the heart
of things. And the fact that Swedenborg was unbalanced does not warrant
us in rejecting all he said and taught as false and faulty. He was alwayvs
well able to take care of himself and to manage his affairs successfuily, even.
to printing the books that contain the record of his ravings. Follow closely
the lives of great inventors, discoverers, poets and artists, and it will be found
that the world is debtor to so-called madmen for many of its richest gifts.
Few, indeed, are they who can burst the bonds of custom and condition, sail
out across the unknown seas and bring us records of the Enchanted Isles.
And who shall say where originality ends and insanity begins? Swedenborg:
himself attributed his remarkable faculties to the development of a sixth
sense, and intimates that in time all men will be so equipped. The late Dr.
Richard M. Bucke, it will be remembered, wrote a book called “Cosmic Con
sciousness,” wherein he argued strongly that a sixth sense was not only prob
able but had actually been evolved in various instances.
Death is as natural as life, and possibly insanity, in some instances, n:.:
be a plan of nature for sending a searchlight flash into the darkness of f.-
turity. Insane or not, thinking men everywhere agree that Swedenbe:
blessed and benefited the race—preparing the way for the thinkers and t°
agers who should come after him.-—Nocw York American
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Interests in Common
it
Jocialists Advocate Certain Reforms Which
é Individualists fAlso Advocate. &
R e e
W T By William Jennings Bryan. ey
0009000099900 UCH of the strength developed by socialism is due to the
2’0000“’0: fact that socialists advocate certain reforms which individu
& ¢ alists also advocate. Take, for illustration, the public own
g M g ership of waterworks. It is safe to say that a large ma
o & jority of the people living in cities of any considerable size.
3 g favor their public ownership—individualists because it is
0 ¢099QP0009 practically impossible to heve more than one water system
Coooooooooo , city, and socialists on the general ground that the gov
ernment should own all thameans of production and distri
bution. The sentiment in favor of municipal lighting plauts is not yet so
strong, and the sentiment in favor of public telephones and public street car
lines is still less pronounced; but the same general principles apply to them,
and individualists, without accepting the creed of socialism, can advocate the
extension of municipal ownership to these utilities.
Then, too, some of the strength of socialism is due to its condemnation
of abuses which, while existing under individualism, are not at all necessary
to indvidualism—abuses which the individualists are as anxious as the sO
- to remedy. It is not only consistent with individualism, but is a
necessary implication of it, that the competing parties should be placed upon
substantially equal footing; for competition is not worthy of that name if’
one party is able arbitrarily to fix the terms of the agreement, leaving the
other with no chcice but to submit to the terms prescribed. Individualists,
for instance, can consistentiy advocate usury laws which fix the rate of in
terest to be charged, these laws being justified on the ground that the bor
rower and the lender do not stand upon an equal footing, Where the money
lender is left free to take advantage of the necessities of the borrower, the
so-called freedom of contract is really freedom to extort. Upon the same
giound, society can justify legislation against child labor and legislation lim
iting the hours of adult labor. One can believe in competition and still fa
vor such limitations and restrictions as will make the competition real and ef
fective. To advocate individualism it is no more necessary to excuse the
abuses to which competition may lead than it is to defend the burning of a
city because fire is essential to human comfort, or to praise a tempest he.
cause air is necessary to human life—The Century.
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