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found recently. A coroner’s jury return- ] grain end provisions be termed under the
ed the following verdict: “ We, the kcre-1 circumstances articles contraband of war?
tier’s jurors, finds the deseesed cum to There can be no question bat that issue
his death by the hands of sum puraun un
hone with unlawful weeping named ax.”
C|t
CASSVILLE, GEO.
THURSDAY MORNING,
MAY 19. 1859.
The Conflict of the Slave .and the
Hireling.
Much has been written, and much more
has been said, in relation to these two
charactciw—comparisons drawn and de
ductions made as to tlicir relative situa
tions in life. That the slave of the South
has a decided advantage over the hireling
of the North, no one can question, who
has visited that section, and witnessed the
entire degradation of this class, or is in
any way familiar with their history and
treatment This difference may be in
some measure explained by the fact that
it is to the interest of the master to care
for his slave, while the Northerner has
no use for the hireling, when he ceases to
lie useful—politely informing him when
sick or decrepit, 1 have no farther use for
you.
Senator Seward has said that there is
an irrepressible conflict in the l nited
States between free and slave labor, which
can only be terminated by the entire de
struction of the institution of slavery as it
exists at the South. Wherein this con
flict exists we arc not able to sec, unless
it be that the hireling of the North has
learned that the slave South is much more
happy, and betted treated. This can be
easily proven. Slave labor is almost en
tirely confined to the culture of cotton,
rice, sugar, tobacco, and other agricultu
ral pui-suits, and this instead of interfering
with free labor, as it is termed, is an ad
vantage—because that particular class of
persons are most generally employed in
the manufacture of the raw' material.—
Hence, the industry of these classes in
stead of being conflicting, is correlative.
Tho slave labor produces the material,
and the free labor turns these into manu
factured articles, and it is the result of
this combination of these two industrial
powers that has caused the wonderful
growth in population and power of our
government Then there is really no con
flict, except in the imagination of would-
be Presidents; and all this is only a bid to
secure the foreign vote at the North in
the next election. The contest is for po
litical power—we might well say for sec
tional power, and party success. This
imaginary conflict, instead of being irre
pressible, can be easily supplanted by the
advocacy of Truth, Justice, and a strict
observance of the Constitution. If such
a course is or will be followed by the peo
ple and politicians, we could have an a
biding confidence that the Union of our
fathers was stable and preserved, and that
a great “ moral victory” had been won.—
If politicians will continue a different
course, and seek by every work and act
to array one section against the other, dis
union must and will be the consequence.
But in any event, slavery, as it exists at
the South is a safe anchor for us, against
which all the storms of the political world
may lash their fury, and still the institu
tion will stem the tide unscathed. There
is a peculiar power in a cotton bale, and
thorc can be no cotton without slavery.
Without cotton a complete revulsion
would tako place, not only in our own
government, but in all the nations of the
civilized world. We would like to see
the demagogue, as arch and scheming as
he may be, and though he might be crazy
for political power, that would guide bis
bark into such a whirlpool.
War in Europe.
By reference to the foreign news to be
(bund in another column, it will be seen
that hostilities have actually commenced.
The Austrians have been successful in the
first contest. But this battle is only a
prelude to what is yet to be fought. The
struggle will be to secure and maintain
the balance of power, and will necessarily
involve all the large powers of Europe.—
It was this same principle that caused the
Crimean war, which was ended by the
destruction of Sevastopol Russia wanted
(Tw
in the progress of this war will arise, and
it will have to be met and settled. That
the people of the United States will con
tinue the exportation of such articles,
there can be no doubt Then if a vessel
bound for England, laden with provisions,
is captured on the seas by a French man
of war, if that Government decide that the
cargo Is contraband of war, it is confisca
ted by the law of nations. Our govern
ment must then either cede the point, and
allow that to be established as a prece
dent, or demand redress for the injury to
her citizens. It is certainly an intricate
question, which we will leave for others
to decide.
The Cherokee Georgia Baptist Con
vention at Dalton.
We are indebted to some friends, who
have just returned from Dalton, for the fol
lowing particulars in relation to the action
of that body. The Convention convened
on Saturday last, and adjourned on Tues
day evening following. A large number
of delegates were in attendance from vari
ous sections of this State, and several from
other States, among whom were Rev. Mr.
Pendleton, of Murfreesboro’ College, and
Rev. Mr. Dayton, of Nashville, Tcnn., and
some from Kentucky. It was determined
by the Convention to use every effort to
have the Cherokee Baptist College at this
place endowed and placed on a permanent
basis, and to establish a paper to advocate
their interests. It was not determined at
what point the paper should be published,
but Cassville and Rome appeared to have
the preference, and it is more than likely
if the enterprise succeeds, of which there
seems to be no doubt, that one of these
places will be selected. This matter has
been left in the hands of a Committee to
select the place of publication. Rev. Mr.
Daniel was appointed agent for the fund
to endow the College.
We hope that both enterprises will suc
ceed.
There is great complaint among
our subscribers at Pine Log post office,
that they do not get their papers. We
assure them that it is not our fault, nor is
it the fault of the postmaster at this place.
Their papers start to them just as regu
lar as Thursday morning comes. We
write on the papers and direct the packa
ges ourself and know that it is done right
and at the right time.
The Array Worn.
This worm made its appearance in our
midst during the last few days. The first
we saw was in a field of wheat belonging
to Dr. Hardy. There we saw any quan
tity of them. On Saturday evening they
were marching southward through our
streets. The last few days of warm weath
er have ceased their existence, or they
have eaten each other up, as but few can
now be seen.
Count Sartigcs, the French Minis
ter, it is said, on Saturday last had a long
interview with Gen. Cass, Secretary of
State. It is generally understood that it
had reference to the Nicaraguan canal
project of Mons. Belly. It is further sta
ted that Napoleon docs not look with fa
vor upon Mons. B.’s project.
Hon. Howell Cobb, the Secretary
of the U. S. Treasury, after having spent
some weeks in Georgia, by leave of ab
sence, has returned to Washington, and
resumed the duties of his office.
Democratic Meeting in Pickens.
The Democratic party of Pickens met
in the Court House in Jasper on the 8rd
inst, for the purpose of sending delegates
to the Gubernatorial and Congressional
Conventions.
On motion of G. W. Hammond, Colonel
Samuel Tate was called to the Chair and
Geo. L. Stearnes requested to act as Sec
retary.
Upon motion of W. T. Day, Esq., the
Chairman appointed the following Com
mittee to prepare business for the action
of the meeting, to-wit: W. T. Day, E. W.
Allred, W. McHan, John Damal, S. D.
McCravy and E. C. Disharoon, who, after
a short absence, returned and reported the
following.
1. Resolved, That E. C. Disharoon, Col.
Samuel Tate, and CoL L. J. Allred, be,
and they arc hereby appointed delegates
to represent Pickens county in the Guber
natorial Convention to conveneat Milledge-
villc on the third Wednesday in June.
2. Resolved, That should said Erwin C.
Disharoon and Col. Sam’l Tate, fail, from
any cause, to attend said Convention, then
Col. L. J. Allred is hereby authorized to
east the whole vote of the county in said
Convention, upon all questions that may
come before the Convention.
3. Resolved, That we hereby approve
and endorse the Administration of his Ex
cellency, Joseph E. Brown, and instruct
to administer on the “ sick mail’s' |
key) estate, and to prevent her from do-. our delegates to said Convention, m strutt
ing so the alliance between England and uously insist upon his re-nomination, at
France was formed. With this question
we have nothing to do—our only object
should be to keep oar government dear
of the breakers. But England and France,
two powers with whom we have the most
commercial relations, being on different
sides and 1 opposed to each other, will nec
essarily raise some interesting points of
international law. According to the law
tf m* 8 *— any other power, though neu
tral itaaifas to the two contending pow
ers, ootgkaish to either of them arti-
clee uoafraKnd of war. Among these
munitions of war are classed, all kinds of
ammunition, guns, provisions, Ac. Al
though England and France are not at
war with each other in the strict sense of
the term, yet they are really at war, for
the one is fighting for Sardinia, and the
other ia aideing with Austria. Our peo
ple azpert large quantities of grain to
each of these countries; the question then
to be wived is, can these exportations of
every hazard and to the last
4. Resolved, That E. W. Allred, Win.
Tate, and Geo. W. Hammond, are hereby
appointed delegates to the Congressional
Convention for the fifth Congressional dis
trict, with power to fill any vacancy.
Upon motion of W. T. Day, Esq., the
resolutions were taken up and acted upon.
, The first, second and third resolutions were
' then unanimously adopted.
The fourth resolution, in relation to the
appointment of delegates to the Calhoun
Convention, was then taken up and dis
cussed, and finally adopted by a vote of
17 to 12.
Upon motion of William Tate, Esq., the
following resolution was adopted.
Resolved, That the proceedings of this
meeting be published in the UaosriBe Stan
dard and Federal Union.
On motion the meeting adjourned.
> SAMTTAL TATE,
G. L. Steaunes, Secretary.
Democratic Meeting in Gilraer.
| A Democratic meeting was held in the
Court House at Elhjay, on Wednesday the
j 4th day of May, for the purpose to appoint
j delegates to represent Gilmer county in
j the approaching Gubernatorial Convention
j at Milledgcvillc, and also for the Congress
ional Convention at Calhoun.
Wm. Cox, Esq., was called to the Chair,
and H. L. Ray, Esq., appointed Secretary.
The Committee appointed for that purpose
selected the following persons as delegates
to the Gubernatorial Convention: Colonel
Joseph Piekett, Hon. B. R. QuiUian, and
Joseph N. Patterson. To the Congress
ional Convention for this District, at Cal
houn, Wm. P. Milton, Esq., William Cox,
Esq., and Samuel Bolston, Esq., which, on
being reported to the meeting, was adopt
ed as the appointments of the Democrats
of the county.
The committee on resolutions reported
the following, which were unanimously
and enthusiastically adopted.
1. Resolved, That we approve of the Ad
ministration of Gov. Joseph E Brown,
and hereby instruct the delegates to the
Gubernatorial Convention, to cast the vote
of this county for his re-nomination for
Governor.
2. Resolved, That the Democratic party
of the fifth Congressional District owe it
to themselves to place in nomination, and
elect to Congress in this District, a good
and true Democrat; a man who has never
deserted the party nor betrayed its prin
ciples. We therefore request our delegates
to the Congressional Convention to use all
honorable means to secure the nomination
of the Hon. E. W. Chastain, of Fannin
county, as our standard bearer in the ap
proaching campaign.
3. Resolved, That if any of the delegates
should fail to attend the Convention to
which they are appointed by this meeting,
that they have power to appoint their al
ternates.
4. Resolved, That the proceedings of this
meeting be published in the Cassville
Standard, and that the Democratic papers
in the State, generally, be requested to
copy. WM. COX, Chairman.
H. L. R.vv, Secretary.
California and Mexican Hews.
New Orleans, May 8.—The Tehuante
pec steamship Coatzacolcos, Capt Wilson,
has arrived with San Francisco dates of
the 20 ApriL
The steamship Sonora has on board one
million seven hundred thousand dollars of
treasure, and three hundred passengers for
the Panama route.
The following named vessels had arrived
at San Francisco: the ships Nonpareil,
Comet, Gosport, Anna Kimball, Moonlight,
Constance, and John Sydney, from New
York ; the Buena Vista, from Baltimore,
and the Dragon, from Boston.
Mining and business generally were im
proving in California.
By this arrival we have dates from Vera
Cruz to the 1st inst
Gen. Robles, with one thousand seven
hundred men, were at Jalapa; and Gen.
Ampudia, with two thousand men, were
encamped before Jalapa.
Juarez had issued a general cxequator,
or written recognition, of all American
Consuls.
The English and French fleets have been
directed to leave Sacrificios on the 2d in
stant, and Acapulco on the 27th.
The Liberals have taken San Bias, Ma-
zatlan, Mauzanillo, and Colons.
From Washington.
Dispatches have gone to Utah with such
instructions as will, it is believed, prevent
further difficulties there, or between Got.
Gumming on one side, and Gen. Johnston
and Judge Cradlebaugh on the other.—
Meanwhile, the Mormons have expressed
a desire to emigrate in mass from the des
ert which they occupy, and seek a new
home in an Island in the Pacific, in Mexi
co, or in Central America. They ask for
means to enable them to perform this great
exodus. Brigham Young has caused a
valuation of Mormon improvements to be
made, and it amounts to thirty millions of
dollars. It must he greatly exaggerated,
for the present Mormon population, as is
believed, does not exceed forty-five thous
and. It is also said that the Mormons will
be willing to leave, if the United States
government will defray the expense of
their removal; in which case, as they can
not sell their houses »ud other fixtures,
they will commit them and the goods
which they cannot transport, to the flames.
They had never intended to settle per
manently in that barren wilderness. When
they emigrated from Missouri and Illinois
they were pushing for the Pacific, and had
intended, peaceably or by force, to occupy
California as their chosen and exclusive
empire. This they would have effected
but for the occurrence, meanwhile, of the
war between the United States and Mexi
co in 1846, ancl the consequent annex*
of California to the United. States.
The Utah Titor*LES.-The special Wash
ington correspondent of the N. Y. Herald
says:
Washington, April 29.—The War De
partment this morning receired a heavy
mail from Col. Johnston, commanding the
forces in Utah. The complications and <fif-
ficulties between the federal and judicial
officers is fully explained, and his course
in responding to the requisitions made upon
him by the Judiciary, which are a co-or
dinate branch of the government It ap
pears that Got. Camming was acting un
der special instructions from the State
Department, and directly opposite to the
instructions of Col Johnston and the Ju
dicial officers. The Cabinet tnday had
the subject under eonsideratioa. General
Johnston's dispatebee changes the aspect
between tin Federal and Jwffinal <
From the Federal Union.
Cedaktowx, Ga., May 1st, 1859.
Vbssss, Editors : Inclosed I send you
a copy of a letter written for publication
in the Southern Confederacy. The editor
of that paper informs me that for “ good
reasons” he “defers the publication for the
present.” Relieving that in consequence
of what has been said on the subject of
which it treats, it would be just and right
to have the facts in the case made known.
Inquest that you will insert it in the Un
ion. The letter explains itself.
E N. BROYLES.
From the Southern Confederacy.
Mr. Editor: In an article headed “Ren
der unto Caesar,” Ac., Ac., published in
the Semi-Weekly issue of the Southern
Confederacy of date 15th April, 1859, and
near the close of that article, appears a
clause of which the following is a copy, to
wit:
“ And more than this, though this indi
vidual fills a fat office near the person of
the Governor, we do know and so charge
that while Governor Brown offered an in
significant job to a poor young man, he
coupled with that offer a requirement that
one-half the pay should be divided with
the very man who we see was once so out
raged and disgraced, by his Excellency’s
conduct And why f From the simple
fact that this young body guard was in
debted to his Excellency’s and the Super
intendent of the State ftoad about $1,000.
To get his pay and in imitation of the N.
Y. Herald, he levies black mail upon a
man who then dared not divulge the infa
my.'
I am sir, without doubt, the person to
whom reference is made in the preceding
extract by the words 11 poor young man,
I deem it proper to notice your statement
contained in this extract, not to apologize
for, nor vindicate the conduct of Governor
Brown—for I suppose that an honest pa
triot intent only upon the faithful and im
partial discharge of his whole duty, stands
not in need of an apology or vindication
before an honest and patriotic people—but
because of the unjust and erroneous insin
uations and charges it contains against my
own conduct A brief recital of the facts
will explain the whole matter. Governor
Brown tendered to me the appointment of
compiler of the Laws passed by the Leg
islature of 1857. And at the same time
informed me, that he had promised'CoL
Waters that he should have half the prof
its of compiling those laws if he would do
half the labor, and that he had agreed to
do so. Gov. Brown stated to me also at
the same time that a large portion of the
compiler’s duty could not be performed by
one person alone, such as comparing the
manuscripts, correcting the proof sheets,
Ac., which is known to be true. I accep
ted the appointment as tendered—Colonel
Waters and myself did the work, though
it was done under my direction and con
trol, because I, as the compiler, would be
held responsible for the manner of its ex
ecution. Having done the work together
we divided the profits. Col. Waters’ share
was paid to himself by me, and not the
Governor, nor to the Superintendent of
the State Road. Neither did either of those
gentlemen garnishee me—nor did I ever
hear it intimated that CoL Waters owed
either of them anything. And further
from what I have learned of the facts touch
ing this matter, I am authorized to state
positively, that at the time of my appoint
ment as compiler, Col. Waters did not owe
cither Gov. Brown or Dr. Lewis $1,000
or any other sum. Nor did he owe either
of them anything at any time while we
were engaged in the work, nor does he
now owe cither of them anything.
In the last sentence of the preceding ex
tract from your paper, yon clearly inti
mate that the terms and conditions of my
appointment were enjoined upon me as a
secret and not to be “divulged.” In this
you are entirely mistaken, notwithstand
ing your positive assertion that you “ do
knout and so charge,” Ac. Gov. Brown
never once intimated such a thing to me,
either directly or indirectly. It was never
regarded by me as a secret, neither was it
so treated, for I spoke of it frequently to
my friends and others, both here and in
Milledgeville whilst engaged in the work.
As to the declaration that I “ then dared
not divulge the infamy,” I remark that it
is clear from the preceding statement of
the facts, that Gov. Brown’s conduct in
the matter was unobjectionable, and that
there was no ‘infamy’ about it; and fur
ther, that whether the Governor’s conduct
was censurable or praisworthy you are in
correct, when you say I dared not then
divulge it I divulged the whole matter
as much at first as since then, and never
at any time either regarded it or treated
it as a secret
In justice to me you will please publish
this letter in your paper.
E N. BROYLES.
Suicide.—Through the polite attention
of Capt. Ward, conductor on the Augusta
and Savannah railroad, we learn- that Mr.
J. H. Nelson committed suicide by drown
ing himself; yesterday, in Judge Palmer’s
mill pood, Burke county. His body was
recovered, andapiece of railroad iron found
attached to it
Mr. Nelson, we are informed, was a re
spectable citizen of Burke county, and
leaves a wife and two children to mourn
his loss.
The cause of this rash act is unknown.
Mason m G seine Countt.—We hare
been informed that Mr. Luck ley, a citizen
of Greene county, in this State, was mur
dered by one of his slaves yesterday. The
negro committed this terrible deed by cut
ting his master’s thgRR- We have no far
ther particulars.—Omstitutionalut.
Caution.—A child two years’ and three
old came to its death, in Macon,
an Saturday last by rating friction raatch
Sr. Johns, N. B., May 10.—In addition
to the news telegraphed last night we send
you the following:
A «ti«p*tch from Paris, dated on Satur-
turday, 30th of April, says:
“ The Austrian troops have crossed the
j Ticino, and commenced hostilities. This
; is official and reliable.”
j At London, on Saturday, Consols were
! quoted at'89.
It was announced that Austria had is
sued a manifesto which was tantamount
to a declaration of war; and it had been
previously asserted that she had advanced
her posts, and crossed into Sardinia, and
that the main body would do so on the
29th of ApriL
The King of Sardinia had gone to join
his army at Allessandria.
The Tuscan army had called on the
Grand Duke to join France in Piedmont
and declare war against Austria. The Grand
Duke declined, and fled.
Tuscany has declared in favor of a mil
itary dictatorship.
The latest intelligence from France re
ports that the greatest activity in military
and naval preparations continues through
out the Empire.
Eighty thousand French troops were
expected to be in Italy on the 30th of A-
priL
It was reported that Denmark and France
had concluded an offensive and defensive
treaty.
The Paris Bourse bad been greatly ex
cited, but less so than the London Ex
change. On the 27th ult, the French
funds declined one per cent, but improv
ed half per cent on the 28th, closing at
62 70.
Warlike preparations are in progress
throughout England, and great activity
prevails at Woolwich—the great arsenal
depot of England.
Several English steamers have been char
tered to convey troops and munitions of
war to the Mediterranean.
Rumors were current of a forthcoming
proclamation to augment the navy by ten
thousand men.
War premiums were generally demand
ed at Lyod’s.
The Parliamentary elections were pro
gressing quietly.
The panic at London has been very great
Consols have fluctuated excessively.
Hostilities have almost commenced.
About one hundred and twenty thous
and Austrians have crossed the river Ti
cino.
It is reported that the crossing of the
Ticino is not officially confirmed.
No actual engagements have yet taken
place, although the French are pouring in
to Piedmont
Tuscany has joined France and Sardinia.
The Russian and French alliance is de
nied, but the London Times published the
provisions of the treaty, which caused a
great panic on the London Exchange.
Consols at one time declined to eighty-
eight, causing about forty failures among
the stock operators.
NEWS BY THE STEAMSHIP PERSIA.
New York, May 11th.—The steamship
Persia arrived at noon to-day. She left
Liverpool several hours before the Ade
laide sailed from Galway.
The details of the news brought by this
arrival are interesting. London papers of
the 30th April are divided in their opin
ions regarding the crossing of the Ticino;
but the Times reiterates its former state
ment, saying that the advanced post of the
Austrian army had crossed that river on
the 26th, and had taken position in the
enemy’s territory. The main army cross
ed on the 29th.
Austria appears determined to strike a
blow before the French reach the field of
hostilities.
The Post says that there was some pro
bability of mediation, as Napoleon was se
riously considering England’s proposition
to that effect
Alluding to the treaty between France
and Russia, the Times says that if these
powers attack Russia on German soil, it
behooves England to consider whether it
is better to defend herself on the continent
or at her own homestead, as the existence
of the great Germanic powers are necessa
ry to her safety.
Every precaution has been taken to pre
vent the Austrians from reaching Turin.
The country was overflowed and the roads
rendered impracticable.
The report that Tuscany had joined the
allies is confirmed ; her army consists of
fifteen thousand men.
The English channel fleet has been or
dered to return from the Mediterranean.
It is stated that Russia and France have
been procuring large supplies of charts
and surveys of the English coasts and Med
iterranean stations.
It is surmised that Spain will join the
allies, as she is considerably augmenting
her naval force with new ships and gun
boats, and has ordered large numbers of |
English charts.
The French army of the Alps have met
with serious obstructions on Mount Ce-
nis. Four thousand men are employed in
clearing the roads of snow.
France was taken by surprise at the ra
pidity of the movements of the Austrians.
—France thought that the war would be
commenced leisurely; and her troops are
arriving at Genoa badly provided for an
immediate campaign.
The Emperor has received intelligence
of an outbreak in Algeria, which will pro
bably require a return of the troops lately
sent to Italy.
A system of police, similar to that of
Napoleon L, is about to be instituted in
Paris.
Over fifty stock brokers have foiled in
London, in consequence of the panie.
A very important and large operator in
the Liverpool Exchange, named Roberta,
Frewefe and Piedmontese armies in Italy..
It mm remain* to be seen how for these
hopes are wef founded. A week wiL de
termine tho nature rf the campaign—
whether Austria w3t maintain the offen
sive, or content herself with protecting her
I talian possessions; whether Generals Hess
“ind pounds sterling.
THREE DAYS LATER.
Arrival of the Steamships Wcser and
Borussia.
! WAR ACTUALLY COMMENCED!
t A Battle Fought, and Austrian Arms
Victorious!
j New York, May 15.—The Bremen stca-! and Gyulai will march on Turin and be-
' mer Weser, and the Southampton Steam- { siege Alessandria, or fall hack on the sys-
j er Borussia have arrived. The latter brings \ tem of Lombard fortresses, which it has
i Liverpool dates to the 3d of May. | been the work sf forty years to construct,
j The Austrians had taken the Buffalora j Two courses are open to the Austrian gov-
I Bridge, after a sharp conflict and with con- eminent Theomistodonomore than enter
■ siderable loss. This bridge is remarkable j the Piedmontese territory;, and thus tom
j for its magnificent structure, and crosses j m it a formal act of war, for the purpose of
the river Ticino at Buffalora, a town of
Northern Italy, in Lombardy.
It was also reported that the town of
Mortara, in Piedmont, had been taken by
the Austrians. It is a walled city, with a
sparse population.
The steamship Weser left»Liverpool on
the 2d May.
The cotton market at the time of the
sailing of the Weser, was dull.
bringing matters to a crisis, and forcing
France and France’s allies t» declare them
selves. This step would not preclude the
general plan of the campaign from being-
defensive, the invasion being a political'
and not a military movement The other
plan is likely to find much more favor witlu
a youthful emperor, and an army sore watu
provocations. It is, of course, to press oa
with every available battalion to Turin;—
Richardson & Spence in their circular, j ^ destroy, if possible, the Sardinian army
report the Breadstuffs market buoyant, bef ore the French can come up ; to crush
with a large speculative demand, and a 1 ^he ] a ttcr as they descend weary and dis-
considerable advance in all qualities. Pro-: or dered from the passes of the Alps ; in
visions were advancing, and quotations g ne t 0 carry out such a campaign as the
were nominal, as a speculative feeling con
tinues. Rice was buoyant, and holders
were demanding an advance. Saltpetre
had advanced.
The Borussia left Southampton on the
3d of May and arrived this afternoon at
61 o’clock. !
The number of lives lost on the Pomo- j dictory qualities in their military history
na, previously reported, was 386. j that we have no means of judging how
A Royal Proclamation has been issued j (j, e y act on the present occasion.—
offering a bounty of ten pounds for sea- j q^ey ma y exhibit the slowness and ped-
men with the intention of recruiting ten j antry of or t j, e ener gy of 1809. An-
great Napoleon would have done, if he had
one hundred and twenty thousamd men
in line, and his enemy’s capital had been
only eighty miles away.
Whether this bold policy will be adopt
ed is more than we can pretend to say.—
The Austrians have shown such contra-
thousand more men for the British Navy.
Great activity prevailed in the English
Dock Yards, and England is evidently pre
paring for war.
In all probability there was a sharp ac
tion at the Bridge of the Buffalora on the
28th April It is reported that the Aus
trians took it at the point of the bayonet
It was reported that Mortara had been
taken and that the Sardinians had retreat
ed before the Austrians, near Lago (or
lake) Maggiorc.
other week may see them patroling Turin,,
or giving orders for the abandonment of.’
Milan. A few days since they might have-
struck a heavy blow; hut by tie Wednes
day before Easter it was known that the-
ultimatum was to be presented, and witlh-
in twenty-four hours the French began to
move. Then came the three days of grace,,
and consequently the French gained’near-
ly a week, to the disadvantage of their op
ponents. Yet even now a hold General!
might do a great deal before-a. sufficient
The telegraph wires to Switzerland h id ; jj^jy 0 f French troops eodd'come to the-
been cut by the Austrians. . assistance of their allies. Between the
The Austrians were concentrating in | Austrian frontier and Turin the country
numbers at the fortified city of Piacenza, ^ a plain: there are no. obstaeSs teoamerw
in North Italy.
Forty thousand French troops were at
Geneva.
The Kingof Sardinia accompanies Gen’s.
Canwhat and Neil, on the line of opera
tions on the river Doa.
The Austrians had taken possession of
the Sardinian lake Maggiorc.
Austria announces her desire to nego
tiate for a loan of twenty million pounds j
sterling.
Louis Napoleon, it was expected, would
join his army in the field, on the 3d of
May.
emy’s march, and Victor Emanuel would
be under the cruel necessity of. abandon-t
ing his capital, or fightihg-adcxperaioBat;-
tle with interior Torres against'one of the-
most completely equipped! armies ofithc
Continent. In the evemt,. however, of sttclit
determined tactics, it is probable that thcr
Sardinians will sacrifice everything t&>th’e-
paramount necessity of saving their aimy-
They would, no doubt, fall. back.on.Allts-
sandria, and from this base-await tha-as-
sistance of the French tro©pSj."wfio are Ite-
ing rapidly transported to' Genoa. AVc-
i may presume that by this time some forty
The Prussian'government had resolved! thousand Sardinian are concentrated at *
to put her army in readiness to march.
A great many failures arc reported in
the Stock Exchange in London.
A considerable number of failures are
reported at Vienna.
It is expected that the impoverishment
and ruin at the Paris Bourse this week
will be unexampled.
A dispatch from Vienna, dated Satur
day, April thirty, says, Count Buol had
notified the foreign governments that there
were diplomatic and political reasons for
the Emperor’s declaration of war.
Latest Opinions on the War.
There can be no doubt that on the even
ing of Tuesday, 26th, the main Austrian
army, said to be one hundred and twenty
thousand strong, crossed the Ticino in
three great divisions, and invaded the Pied
montese territory. Thus began the war
with which Europe has been so long threat
ened, and of which no man can predict the
end. AVc may now cease from the expres
sion of moral and political opinions.—
Whether Napoleon IIL be an ambitious
and subtle potentate, or whether he be the
champion of suffering humanity, is a mat
ter of little importance. Whether Austria
did right in sending an ultimatum to Sar
dinia, whether it was her duty to wait un
til Lord Malmesbury had made some fresh
proposition, and France and Russia had
interposed another series of quibb'.es and
delays, are now matters which we may as
well forget. They are of as little impor
tance as. the controversy respecting the j ing the war support the war.
Allessandria, and that the rest of the army
are retreating before the Austrians; en
deavoring as much as possible to avoid a.
collision.
The question of greatest importance;,
however, is the movement of the French!
annies ; and here we must pay a tribute-
to the nation so lately our ally. French
men may not be superior to Germans, they
are certainly not equal to Englishmen in
strength, endurance, and those qualities-
which—courage being supposed equal—
arc likely to decide the fate of battles.—
But in the great military quality of prompt
ness they arc without an equal. The man
ner in which the French troops have been
dispatched to the Alps, since Good Friday,
is a model for the study of our officers.—
The veiy act of entering a railway car
riage, and disposing of his knapsack and
his musket, has been taught the soldier as
part of his drill. We may be sure that
nothing that energy, science and skill can
accomplish for the speedy concentration
of French armies at Turin and Genoa, will
be neglected. But the difficulties in the
way of the Emperor Napoleon's troops are
not few. The season is backward; Mont
Cenis is covered with snow. The vast
army of the French has been pushed for
ward without preparation, the commisari-
at is deficient, the country they enter is
poor, there is very little of last year’s corn
to he had, and this year’s will not be fit
for the harvest for three months at the
least. In this case there will be no mak-
Louis Na-
breach of the peace of Amiens. The great
fact which Europe has to consider, is, that
France has commenced a war with the a-
vowed purpose of tearing up the treaties
of 1815; and that a treaty, or convention,
or understanding, is in existence between
the western and eastern despotisms for the
coercion, perhaps the spoliation, of Ger
many, and the resettlement of the conti
nent Every step on the march of events
must have the deepest interest for a coun
try like ours, which is the common object
of envy and dislike to the powers that now
.gem* to remodel the map of Europe.—
Austria will have to bear the first shock
of the conflict France and Sardinia are
in arms on the one side; on the other Rus
sia will at least take up an attitude of hos
tility such as Austria observed towards
her in the eastern war.
Perhaps, indeed, Alexandria may so far
yield to the instances of his more vindic
tive counsellors as to throw away his in
fluence in Germany by an actual invasion
of the Austrian States. To meet these
dangers, Austria, for the first two months
at least, must trust to herself alone. The
ministersof Francis Joseph have, weshould
thimlf, foreseen and calculated on this ne
cessity. In feet, Count Buol has said as
much in one of his notes, and the immense
preparations, tho high tone, and the rapid
poleon must, to a great extent, take his
provisions with him, or pay for what he
requires out of the funds which his obse
quious Assemblies have voted. Then there
is the loss which inevitably attends rapid
marches in such inclement regions, and it
may be predicted that the ambulances
which follow in. the rear of the army will
have plenty of occupants before the plains
of Piedmont are reached.
But there is, on the other hand, a more
favorable picture. The French have the
command of the sea. It may be said with
confidence that if France could only reach
Italy across the Alps, the Adrians might
seize the country and crush each division
as it emerged from the passes. Bat the
town and harbor of Genoa, almost impreg
nable, are in the hands of the Sardinians ;
we may say, indeed, in the hands of the
French. French troops are arriving daily,
and in a few days these will constitute an
army which, in conjunction with the Sar
dinians at Allessandria, will be too formi
dable to be left in the rear of an invading
force. If there be one thing which espe
cially shows the military genius of the
French, it is their transport of troops by
sea. In the Russian war, while we had
our Himalayas and Jasons, they had only
little trading vessels, most of
their own
ninwiatinnu. tin iugn tone, aim me npi, them engaged in the channel
Mtato .tot, 1 Trt. i» ."rylifl.bns »Ml 1™**“?