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Banks County Gazette.
VOL. IV.
HIS MONTHLY TALK WITH THE
GEORGIA FARMERS
On Subjects of General Interest Per
taining to the Farm and
Garden-Good Advice.
Agricultural Department,
Atlanta, Dec. 1., 1893.
In this, closing month of tho year,
there is much that can be done on the
southern farm, and whenever the
weather permits the plows, double if
possible, should be kept moving. This
work is important, more so than most
farmers realize, and it is maintained by
ths highest scientific authority, and
proven by some practical farmers, emi
nent for their success, that with deep
plowing and manuring with green crops
It is possible to sustain and improve tho
fertility of lands without using one
pound of commercial fertilizers. Be this
as it may, competent chemists assure ur
that there are bound up in the soil min
eral elements sufficient to supply the
crops of thousands of years. This being
true, why should the farmer hesitate to
unlock these hidden stores?
Put the plow in deep and bring the
subsoil to the surface—-where it can be
directly acted upon by sun, air and win
ter rains, and thus undergo tlie neces
sary chemical changes. If you are in
doubt try a small space as an experi
ment. In sowing some small grain re
cently, I have had this fact very forcibly
Illustrated, and as 1 pass by the spot
each morning 1 have a daily object les
son of the effects of deep stirring of the
soil, and 1 ringing to the surface the
organic elements, too f;ir down to bo
reached by ordinary methods.
Last year, on the spot mentioned, there
stood a dead oak tree of considerable
size, which, instead of being cut down,
was dug up by the roots, mu 'h red clay
being brought to the surface in the pro
cess. The greater part of this was
thrown back into tho hole, but much re
mained scattered around, causing a spot
so nnsightly that I determined, ere
planting it, to ha.tl eo>n9 woodsearth
and spread over the place. But this was
delayed and when the grain, rye, was
sown it was plowed in just lime, the
same as on the otliar land. This rowing
was done in September, and until the
middle of November not one drop of rain
fell on it. The rye came up on the en
tire planting, there was a good “ stand,"
but owing to the heat and drouth, and
also to heavy winds, the plants, except
on this spot, were parched and seemed
scarcely alive. Whore the tree had stood
was a patch of vivid green, an l strange
to say, this was not only where the hole
had been deeply dug, bnt ns far out as
ths clay had been thrown. It presented
such a striking contrast to the surround
color as to attract my attention, and
set on foot investigations as to tho cause,
with the result as stated. Timely rains
revived the droopiug grain, all is now
green, but this one spot can still be dis
tinguished from its surroundings by tho
markedly stranger and larger growth.
COMPOST.
Another important work which should
be carried on now is the making of aad
protecting compost heaps. To prevent
the “fire fang" which so often in licates
that the manure has lost its principal
and most valuable elements, a good plan
is to mix the manures from cow, sheep
and hog pens with tho horse manure, a
layer of each can fully packed. Th.yara
lees heating, and if plaster, kainit or
even woods earth can be added the dan
ger of over heating and loss is still fur
ther diminished. If the heaps are under
shelter, so much the better, but if that
i-' Imuos-ible. put on top a layer of earth,
allowing the greatest height in the cen
tre, that the pile may slant towards the
edges and pa -k down firmly. The sit
uation shoul i be such that no water will
drain uu tnem. By using bedding and
carefully saving all the manure, it is as
tonishing how much can be accumulated
in a few months. It is our most perfect,
as well as our safest fertilizer, and if our
fanners would more generally turn their
attention to stopping this, which is both
literally and figuratively one of tho big
gest “leaks” on our farms, it would not
be long before they would realize how
mnch has been wasted in this one item,
and themselves become its warmest ad
vocates.
To show the amount and value of the
manure produced from different animals
I append the following, which has been
carefully prepared by Prof. .Roberts, of
Cornell Experiment Station. He has
given this subject the closest study and
attention, and while, as he says, the
value of the manure depends much on
the character of th ; fool, and also the
purpose for which the -animal is
used, these figures will serve
as an illustration, and will, I
hope, set many a farmer to thinking
and acting who has heretofore been in
different. Once he is convinced ihat
there is “money in it,” we shall see more
attention given to the keeping of live
•tock, and, as a natural sequence, to the
planting of green crops, and then fol
lows the diversified agriculture, which
must be our hope for tho future.
Animals which are not producing any
thing as milk or young, and are not
Raining in weight, return in their void
lngs sdl of the manorial value of the
food they consume; mature fattening
animals, about 95 per cent; youngish
growing animals, 90 per cent; cows in
milk, 80 per cent; while young nursing
calves take a very large amount of the
manorial constituents of the milk which
sustains them. While the above figures
are not absolutely correct, they serve to
help in determining the real value of
various manures.
The.quantity of manure produced per
year by tho various classes of animals
was estimated by Boussiangault as fol
lows;
HENRY BREWSTER,
Editor and Proprietor.
Tons
Lbs. per veaf.
Horse (900 lb 9). .liquids, 13.000
Horse solids, i',ooo
15.000—7 1-2
Cows liquids, 20,000
Cows ...solids, 8,000—14
In 1883-84 the animals kept at the
University barn were estimated to be
equal to 45 mature animals, about two
thirds of which were cattle and oue
third horses. The manure was kept in
a covered barnyard and no loss occurred.
Every tenth load was weighed and tho
average was computed from these
weighed loads. Seven months’ feeding
produced 403 tons, or a tribe over ten
tons per animal. A fairly 1 bend amount
of bedding was used a id is included in
the above. In 18 34 85 4 7 full-grown ani
mals of 900 pounds each produce I within
a few pounds of 200 to: s of manure in
five mouths. Tho manure as before was
kept in a covered yard, and this time
every load was weighed; less bedding
was used than tha previous winter an l
less cotton seed meal was fed.
Three large cows, liberally fed, when
producing 31 2-3 pounds of milk per
uay, produced 89 1-2 pounds of manure
per cow per day, including five pounds
ef bedding. This is rather-abova tho
average amount of manure produced by
large cows in milk. This liisrli average
was probably dua to the consumption of
u rather large amount of warm water.
Last year 18 large Jersey and llol
stein-Friesian grade cows, in milk, pro
duced in B 4 hours 1,452.5 pounds of
manure.
AVERAGE QUANTITY OF M.W’URS PRO
DUCED BY VARIOUS KINDS OF ANIMALS
I'LU DAT.
Average
per animal
18 cow®, throe experiments, give 82 11h..
exclusive of iiedrlin^.
10 horses, at work M houri 31.5 lbs.,
exclusive of bad-ling.
10 horses, two determinations 63.5 lbs.,
24 hours in the stable.
Sheep, 140 lbs 7 5 lbs.
Swine, 1~0 Uie., nitrogenous fd. .. 5.2 ib-.
fciwine, 15ulbs., earbonnee. us fed 1.7 Um.
After many experiments, extending
through several years, tho- following
estimates of the value per ton of ma
nures is given. lam well aware that
wide variations will appear from the
figures, still I am quite certain that the
values stated are so nearly the average
of those on tho American farm, under
ordinary circumstances, that 1 l elievo
they will not only not load the reader
into serious error, but that they will
greatly assist him in Iris endeavors to
understand more clearly one phase of
the great question: How can plants be
fed well and cheaply?
value per ton of manure produced
BY VARIOUS CLASSES OF ANIMALS.
Horses §1 80
Cows 2 80
fibeep 1 00
Swine 2 25
If wo multiply the quantity produced
by the value per ton, computing as near
as we may the averages of Hie experi
ments already given, with a lew others
recently added, we have the following
value per 1,000 pounds of live weight of
animal per year, computing nitrogen,
potash and phosphoric acid at commer
cial values and ignoring small fractions:
Horses sl9 00
Cows (milch) 29 15
Sheep i!S 00
Swine 17 00
Since ordinarily this class of animal:!
arc in their stables hut seven months of
the year, aud since potash and nitrogen
and phosphoric acid are bclived not to
ba worth as much in farm manures as
in commercial fertilizers, because they
are less soluble, a considerable allow
ance must ho made in this last table.
After careful consideration, with oppor
tunity of wide observation. I conclude
that we shall arrive at very nearly the
truo values if these figures be divided
by three. It appears to me that this i;
a conservative estimate, and, applying
it to a supposablo case as follows, will
assist in emphasizing tho value of tho
manure produced on many a small farm:
Four horses of 1,000 lbs. each, 20 cows
of 800 lbs. each, 50 sheep of 100 lbs.
each, and 10 pigs of 75 pounds each,
would produce, according to tho above
modified computation, fertility worth
$248.91 in tho seven winter months.
THE HOG CROP
in Georgia this year will be larger than
for many years, and I regard this as ono
of the strongest evidences of our return
ing prosperity. If fields of peas,ground
peas and potatoes have been provided,
the porkers are in good condition, a- 1
need only a little corn -to harden t„ :
flesh. If the weather permit, it is
always better to kill, if possible, before
Christmas, both on account of the ex
pense of keeping the hogs up and be
cause tbo meat, except in rarely excep
tional eases, has a better chance of
curing. 1 have found the best plan to
he to kill as early in the morning as pos
sible, in order, if there aro a considera
ble number of hogs, to get the meat cut
out, spread and slightly salted by night.
After cleaning, cut out while tfia meat
is still warm; lay each piece to itself and
sprinkle on salt; leave until morning,
when all animal beat will have disap
peared, then rub thoroughly with salt,
and pack in boxes or barrels, joints first,
sides last, using plenty of salt; caver and"
leave until ready to be smokc l. Tho
following is, by all odds, the Lost method
in the many I have seen tried for
CURING HAMS.
Trim smoothly, avoiding gashes in
the flesh; take off the feet ct tho bottom
joint below the knee, and also the small
bone that connects them; treat with salt
the same as directed for the other meat.
After packing in the salt allow the hams
to stand for a day or two to draw out
the blood. To each 190 lbs. of ham use
eight or ten pounds of salt, two ounces
of saltpetre, two lbs of brown sugar,
one ounce of red pepper dissolved, or
several dozen broken pels will answer.
To these ingredients add four or five
gallons of water, mix thoroughly anl
pour over the harm , which must lie pre
viously packed in tight casks or barrels,
allowing the brine just to cover the hams
well, and place a weight on top to keep
them under. Before pouring it on. to be
sure that the brine is strong enough sea
110.11 Ell, BANKS COUNTY, GEORGIA: PEC. 14, 1893.
if it float an egg; if not. au<i more 'salt.
Let the hams remain from four to six
weeks in this brine, and then hong by
the skin at the ead of the leg and smoke
gently for several weeks with green
hickory wool until dry an 1 brown. In
March, before the flies start, and Choos
ing a windy day for the work, take the
hams down, and, lest the fly may have
deposited oggs. scald each ham and
placo in the wind to dry; then wrap in
paper, and if hay or straw is convenient,
as a more perfect protection, wrap this
also around, tieing into place. Then put
the hams into bags, pack down, tie up
and hang in that position until heeded.
Since trying this recipe I have never
used any other, and the bacon 'is fine
enough to tempt an epicure. Thechines
and shoulders may be treated similarly,
if desired.
I trust the day is not far distant When,
as of old, the festive "hog killing” will
add its pleasure to the Christmas cheer
of every farmhouse, and the farmer,
with his family and friends, enjoy the
toothsome sparerib and backbone.
Home-raised- bacon will then perform
its rightful part in building up outyfaUeu
fortunes. Throughout the state may
Christmas bring peace and happiness,
and may the Ist of January dawh on a
bright und hopeful New Year.
It. T. Nesbitt.
U ' l ... ... . _ " 1 - -—fspf
Sheriff Sales for January , 1894,
GEORGIA: Banks County.—
Will be sold on the first Tuesday in
January next at the court house in
said county within the legal hours of
o. sale, to the highest bidder for’cash,
the following property to wit: One
tract of land lying and being in said
county on the waters of Grove River
adjoining lands of M. L. McDonald,
.John Pruitt, and Aderholt, containing
thirty one acres more or less, said
land levied on as the property of C.
N. Cart ledge to satisfy an execution
issued from the Superior Court of
said county, in favor of C. W. Ilood,
against G) G. Cart-ledge and said C.
X. Cart ledge. This 27th Nov., 1893,
J. W. SUMPTER
(s.'l.or>> Sheriff.
GEORGIA: Banks County:—
Will be sold oil the first Tuesday
in January next, at the -const house
in said county, within the legal hours
of sale, to the highest bidder for cash
the following propcity to wit: One
house and lot, known as the, brick
store a lid lot in the town of ;,lays
villo, Ga. Beginning at a stake
N 50.50 E 167.2 to a stake S 41.30
E 73.2 to a stake S 50.55 W 178 to a
stake N 34.44 W 73. to the begin
ning as per plat made by Sanford
Wilson, containing one tenth ot an
acre more or less, adjoining 11. C.
.Strickland on the East, Hugh Atkins
on the South, Homer Street on the
North and fronting the N. E. R. E.
on the West. Said lot is well im
proved with a handsome brick store
house finished in modern style, said
property levied on ns the property of
T. J Carr and W. J. Comer to sat
isfy an execution issued from supo
i ior court of said county in favor of
W. .1. McCurdy ad'tnr of John A.
McCurdy deceased, against said T. J.
Carr and \V. J. Comer.
This November 30th 1893.
J. W. SUMPTER,
(GG.nO) . Sheriff.
Will he sold before the court house
door in Homer Banks County Ga.,
on the first Tuesday in January 1894
v. itJiiii the legal hours of sale, to
the highest bidder for cash, the fol
lowing property to-wit: Two lots
located in the town of Maysville, Ga.,
'ti 'he East side of the Northeastern
Railroad and fronting on the street
ruin ing pnralel with said railroad
about one hundred and eighty feet
and running back from said street
about two hundred and twenty feet.
Sain lots being known as lot.-, number
twenty und twenty one in the plan of
s: id t wu, adjoining lots of Headi-n
Miller and Dock Watkins. There is
a good one story four roomed house,
cook room and outbuildings, all in
good re| uir or. lot number twenty
our. Levied on as the j r 'petty of
J. D. Hatigh, and will be sold to sat
isfy a Ida issued from the City Court
of Jackson county in favor of If. L.
Moss & Cos. against .!. !). Baugh,
W. C. Baugh and A. J Baugh. A
flee ' to said house and lots have been
filed in Cierk's office of said county
as law directs before levy was made.
Served written notice on Mrs, J. D.
Baugh, tenant in possesiion. Prop
erty pointed out by plaintiffs.
This Dec. sth 1893.
($7.08) J. W. SUMPTER,
Sheriff.
•BORGIA: Banks County.—
Whereas, It. H Carson administra
tor of llowoll Mangitm represents
to the court in his petition duly .filed
and entered on record that tie has
fully administered Howell Mangum’s
estate: This is therefore to cite all
persons concerned, heirs and credi
tors to show cause if any they can
why said administrator should not
be discharged from his administra
tion and receive letters of dismission
on the first Monday in March 1894.
T. F. IIILL
Nov. 23d 1893. Ordinary.
BARGAINS CAN BE FOB ND
. IN
The Large and Well-Assorted Stock
OF— r-
DRY GOODS AND MILLINERY, * * #
* * * Clothing and Underwear.
Hats, Shoes, Domestics, + * *
* * * * + AND HARDWARE
HOOD, ANDERSON & CO,
HARMON/ GROVE, GA„
$25,000 WORTH
of* G oods
FOR SALE CHEAP
The Dry oods, Clothin g and Grocery
HOUSE OF
J. E. MURPHY
Will Closeup lltasiuewm in
ville by.lanuary Ist.
AND THE ENTIRE STOCK
Must be Sold in the Next 60 Days
JFIKG VIS OF PRICE !
Two-thirds of the Goods in Stock are Fresh from the City of New York
and embrace all the Late Styles and Patterns of 1893.
$ 15,000 in Dry Goods,
$5,000 in Clothing,
ss,oooin Groceries & Shoes.
COUNTRY MERCHANTS will find New York goods here at Less than
New York prices The Retail Trade of Hall, Jackson and surrounding
Counties will Miss a Rare Chance to SAVE MONEY in tho purchase of
Winter Goods, if buying before Exanining my Stock. Yours Kesp
.r. E. MURPH V.
KT4 MEAN BUSINESS,. GAINESVILLE, GA..
OFFICIAL ORGAN
Of Lank* County
NO. 32.