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^f«[ Herald and ^ducrtistjr. Newnan, Ga., Friday, September 2d, 1887. tern Hemisphere from Virginia to Southern Brazil. It has been most suc cessfully cultivated, however, between cotton or used its fabrics at a very early date, since the cloths in which the mummies were enveloped were of flax the thirtieth and. thirty-fifth degrees instead of cotton. Indeed, it appears THE WORLD’S BIO GUNS. Some of the Monsters Built for the Ships and Ports of Foreign Powers. New York Sun. Washington, Aug, 26th.—The havoc made in the Atlanta's fixtures by the inadequacy of her gun carriages to hold and control her pivot guns, calls attention to the fact that while the lat ter are very powerful^for an unarmored cruiser of her size, they would make a small show compared with the heav iest ordnance now carried in war ships. The ptogress of thirty years in con structing heavy guns has been extraor dinary. The largest pieces found on war vessels in 1860 tlirew a ball weigh ing 68 pounds, with an initial velocity of 1,570 feet per second, and an energy of 1,100 foot tons. Now initial veloci ties in high-power guns have been in creased to 2,100 feet; projectiles at the maximum weigh as much as 2,300 pounds, and in some cases are pro pelled by charges of nearly half a ton of powder, while the 110-ton guns of the Benbow reach an energy of about 60,000 foot tons. Passing over the triumphs obtained by intermediate calibres, which were re markable in their day, we find that the largest French steel guns, such as are used for the armament of the Terrible, completed at Brest, the Requin, built at Bordeaux, the Indomitable, built at L’Orient, and the Caiman, finished at Toulon, weigh each about 76 tons. They deliver a projectile weighing 1,716 pounds, with a muzzle velocity of 1,- 780 feet per second and a muzzle en ergy of 30,000 foot tons. The guns are rifled breech-loaders. The French have other powerful guns, those con structed on the Bange system being well known. The Armstrong guns now mounted for service in the Italian armor-clads Dui- lio, Dandolo, Italia and Lepanto weigh 100 tons each, and throw a projectile of 2,000 pounds. Those have long been familiar, but the later breech-loading guns are improveinnets over the early muzzle-loaders. The most powerful of them take a powder charge of about 772 pounds, and have an initial velocity of 1,835. feet per second, and a muzzle energy of 51,000 foot tons. Guns of 105 tons have been made at Elswick for the Francesco Lauria, tiie Andrea Dona, and the Morosini. In these the weight of the charge is 900 pounds, the weight of the projectile 2,000 pounds, flie muz zle velocity 2,019 feet per second, the muzzle energy 56,547 foot tons. They will undoubtedly prove most formida ble weapons. The largest Krupp gun weighs nearly 119 tons. It is over 46 feet long, lias a calibre of 15£ inches, and fires a shot weighing 2,314 pounds, with a muzzle velocity of 1,800 feet. The maximum elevation gives it a range of nearly 7-J miles. Its power of penetration into wrought iron is estimated at about 41 inches at the muzzle, 31 inches at the distance of 1,100 yards, and 30 inches at 2,000 yards. At the distance of three miles its striking average is still about 28,000 foot tons. The Italians have two of these guns mounted iii a shore battery, for- which purpose they are intended.- The English 110-ton gun, manufac tured at Elswick, is abfut 44 feet long, and its actual weight 247,795 pounds. The screw block, removed in loading, weighs 2i tons. The projectile is a bolt weighing 1,800 pounds, and 16f inches In diameter. With 850 pounds of powder the actual muzzle velocity attained was 2,07S feet, and the muzzle energy 34,000 foot tons; so that with 950 pounds, which the gun is constructed to use, an energy on the' projectile of 62,700 foot tons is expected. The re coil of the gun is very small. The British also have a powerful new gun in their 62-ton steel breech-loader, which will be carried on the Rodney. north latitude. Humboldt found it growing in the Andes, at an elevation of nine thousand feet, and in Mexico at five thousand five hundred feet. Boyle reports it cultivated at an elevation of four thousand feet in the Himalaya range. Such elevations, however, are not favorable to its best development. Botanically, cotton be longs to the natural order Malvaceae, genus Gossipyum. Botanists differ as to its proper classification into species; some enumerating as many as ten spe cies, others seven, and others only three as necessary to a clear discruni- natiori between the distinctive charac teristics recognizable after making due allowance for differences resulting from soil and climatic influ^jees. IV e pre fer, for our purpose, to adopt the lat ter, supported by such distinguished authority as Prof. Asa Gray. These are: 1. Gossipyv.ru herbaceum. Common upland cotton, leaves with five short and roundish lobes, petals pale yellow or white, turning rose-color, purple at base, stigmas three to five, capsule three to five-celled, many seeded, and surrounded by a tomento.se wool. When ripe the capsules (bolls) spring open by three to five valves exposing the cotton, which issues elastically from the cap sule after it has burst open. 2. G. Barbadense. Barbadoes or sea island cotton; leaves with five longer lanceovte and taper-pointedlobes; pet als yellow, capsules more pointed than those of herbaceum, wool not adhering to the seed; fibre fine, long and silky, with slight cream color. 3; G. arboreum. Tree cotton, not now cultivated for its fibre. This lat ter is also known as G. relujiosum, from the fact that it was held sacred by the Hindus. It is grown about the temples in India and supplied the material for t he sacerdotal tripartite thread of the Brahmins, the emblem of their trinity. The plant has dark green leaves, bears handsome rod-purple; blossoms and produces silky cotton in small quanti ties. Attempts have been made by hybridizing this with the more pro ductive species to increase its yield, but without success. Its product is un known to commerce. The Barbadense is successfully and profitably grown only under the influ ence of- salt atmosphere and, conse quently, its cultivation is confined to the coast and islands of the sea, whence its name sea island cotton. On account of its silky fineness and length of sta ple, it commands a price which justi fies its cultivation, notwithstanding the fact that it produces not more than half the yield of lint obtained from the upland or herbaceum, which furnishes almost the entire commercial supply for the spindles and looms of the world. The history of the cotton plant ante dates in its beginning the commercial annals of the human family. India seems to have been the most ancient cotton growing country. For fiye centu ries before the Christian era her inhab itants were clothed in cotton goods of domestic manufacture from the fibre grown upon her own soil by her own crude methods. It is said that “more than two thousand years before Eu rope or England had conceived the illea of applying modern industry to the manufacture of cotton, India had matured a system of hand-spinning, weaving and dyeing which, during that vast period, received no recorded im provement. The people, though re markable for their intelligence whilst Europe was in a state of barbarism, made no approximation to the mechan ical operations of modern times, nor was the cultivation of cotton either im proved or considerably extended.” . Notwithstanding the proximity of China to India, it was not until the eleventh century that the cotton plant became an object of common culture in China. The first mention made of 1887. £6ucational. .VvW'VWA'VW.'wW'V.'V 1888 that those nations which were early celebrated for their manufacture of fine linen were slow to substitute the cotton for the nax. Herodotus mentions cotton fabrics 450 B. C., and speaks of trees in India “bearing as their fruit fleeces more delicate and beautiful than those of sheep.” The cotton fabrics of the Hin doos have been excelled in fineness? and excellence only by the productions of the most perfect machines of modern times. The city of Calicut, on the wes tern coast, gave its name to the fabric known as calico. Tayemice describes some of their goods as “so fine that you could hardly feel them in your hand, and the thread, when spun, is hardly discernible.” The famous muslins of Dacca have been, on account of their fineness, des ignated as “webs of woven wind.” It is said that muslins made in Bengal are so fine that “when spread upon the grass and covered with dew they are not discernible.” Spain was first of the European states to grow cotton. It was intro duced here by the Moors in the tenth century. The first cotton was planted in the United States in 1621. “Carroll’s Historical Collections of South Caroli na” mention the growth of the cotton plant in that province in 1666. In 1736 it was planted in gardens in Talbot county, Md., latitude thirty-nine north. At the commencement of the revolu tionary war Gen. Delagall was said to have had thirty acres planted in cotton near Savannah, • Ga. It is stated that in 1748, among the exports of Charles ton, S. C., were seven bags of cotton wool, valued at three pounds eleven shillings and five pence a bag. An other small shipment was made in 1754, and in 1770 three more, amounting to ten bales. In 1784 eight bales shipped to England were seized on the ground that so much cotton could not be pro duced in the United States. The first sea island cotton was grown on the coast of Georgia in 1786, and its expor tation commenced in 1788, by Alexander Bissel, of St. Simon’s Island. In 1791 the cotton crop of the United States was two million pounds, of which three- fourths was grown in South Carolina and one-fourtli in Georgia. Ten years later, 1S01, forty-eight million pounds were produced—twenty million pounds of which was exported. The United States have long since excelled all other countries in the quantity and quality of the cotton pro duced. India ranks next in importance in the supply of cotton to the United States, but its fibre is far inferior to the American. The other cotton producing countries worthy of mention are the East Indies, Egypt, Brazil, the West Indies and Guinea. In Brief, and to tlie Point. Dyspepsia is dreadful. Disordered liver is misery. Indigestion is a foe to good nature. The human digestive apparatus is one of the most complicated and wonderful things in existence. It is easily put out of order. Greasv food, tough food, sloppy food, bad cookery, mental worry, late hours, irregular-habits, and many other things which ought not to be, have made the American people a nation of dyspeptics. But Green’s August Flower has done a wonderful work in reforming this sad business and making the American peo ple so healthy that they can enjoy their meals and be happy. Remember:—No happiness without health. But Green’s August Flower brings health and happiness to the dys peptic. Ask your druggist for a bottle. Seventy-five cents. PALMETTO HIGH SCHOOL, (FOR MALES AND FEMALES,) PALMETTO, GA. JOHN E. PEN DEB GBA S T, Prin. FALL TERM WILL OPEN WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1887. Henlthy climate, pure water, good society, cbeap board and tuition, experienced teach- erx, and special care to pupils. Tuition, per month ----- * 1.60 to fl.00 Music, per month ------ 3.00 Hoard per, month - - - - -, 8.00 to 10.00 £^*Send tor Catalogue. THE muzzle velocity. Should these expee-l 'p* mentioned not as an object ot m- tations be realized, this gun, though but o*> of. .interest and utmost- much lighter, will be more destructive I W »" occupant of lie done, gulden, than the SO-tm, gun of the Inflexible, the beauty of its flower, being cele- which takes a projectile of 1.700 pounds, with a cartridge of 450 pounds, reaching a muzzle velocity of 1,600 feet. It is said that the next step attempt ed in heavy gun construction will be that of a 150-ton monster, this project being attributed to the Essen works. It would throw a shell six feet long, weighing a ton and a half. There are also some guns under construction which are expected to accomplish great results on somewhat new theories, as in the case of theoue manufactured for Col. Hope. This is to take an enor mous powder charge, and to have cor respondingly great penetrative effect. But without going into the possible successes' of the future, those which have already been achieved are suffi ciently astonishing. History of the Cotton Plant. Prof. J. S- Nowmnn, in Ana. Agriculturist. The cotton plant is a child of the sun- Its natural habitation is in the tropical regions of Asia, Africa and America, but it has been acclimated and successfully cultivated as far north as the thirty-sixth degree of north lati tude Its cultivation covers a very large portion of our globe. In the Eastern Hemisphere the range of its cultivation extends from South.™ vurnfM on the north to the Gapeof Good*Hope on the south. In the Woa- brated in poetry. It is recorded in their annalsas a circumstance worthy of note, that the Emperor Ou-ti had a \ robe of c-otton when he ascended the 1 throne .in 502. In the eleventh century j field culture of cotton commenced in ! China, but owing to the opposition of the people, especially those engaged in growing and manufacturing wool and flax, it was not until 1368 that the cul tivation and manufacture of cotton were well established. Central aud South America, and the WeSt Indies, grew and manufactured cotton long before their discovery by Columbus, who found the plant under cultivation, and the people using fab rics made from the staple. At the con quest of Mexico by Cortes, in 1519, he found that the clothing of the Mexi cans consisted principally of cotton goods; the natives of Yucatan pre sented him with cotton garments and cloths for covering for his huts, while Montezuma presented him with “cur tains, coverlets and robes of cotton, fine as silk, of rich and various dyes, interwoven with feather work, that rivaled the delicacy of painting.” The plant was successfully cultivated in Pe ru in the time of the Incas, in 1532.. Specimens were also found in the an cient Peruvian tombs and taken to England at an .early dat§ foyexhibition. Egypt seems not to . have cultivated W. E. AVERY DEALER IN WATCHES, CLOCKS, JEWELRY, SILVERWARE, SPECTACLES, GOLD PENS, CHINA AND GLASSWARE, MUSICAL MERCHANDISE, SINGER SEWING MACHINE, NEEDLES AND OIL, VIOLIN STRINGS, BRTC-A-BRAC, NOVELTIES In house decoration, .etc. WEDDING RINGS, MEDALS, BADGES, PRESENTA TION AND SPECIAL PIE CES OF JEWELRY. 36th SCHOLASTIC YEAR —OF— COLLEGE TEMPLE WHAT SHALL* WE DO TO BE SAVED? HOW CAN WE SAVE MONEY? a00DS • “ d lbey m “‘ “ Bold. My stock of SPRING CLOTHING ^ Is complete and will please the most fastidious Come nnd see them. iSods *wiH SlZnO. Men's Hulls from *7 50 tc *20 All I want is a chance to show them, tne gwu sell themselves. n'r... t.insns. Table Dam* My line of DRY GOODS consists of Ginghams. Lawns, Muslins. Ores. L i » Q f askj Checks, Bleachings, Sheeting Shirting-ln fact, everything and anything m me way staple Dry Goods and Notions. . i„ f n r«tvl» or orlce. Also, A big line of Men’s and Boys’ Straw Hats; can’t be beat in town for style or p a handsome lot of Men’s soft and stiff Hats. iJulies' My I sell the best hand-made Shoe In town for the mo sey—both for .Gen}* and Daa«» t stock was selected with care and comprises all the late novelties aud stj les. A lar » medium grade Shoes always on hand. GROCERIES. My stock efyihing needed sell low for Cask, or Os Time for approved paper. . , Get my prices before buying elsewhere; I can make It to your advantage to do so. Greenville Street. J R. HERRING. WILL BEGIN Monday, August 29th, 1887, Having recorded our most successful year, we present the claims or able Instructors, high scholarship, moderate rates and health ful locality. For particulars, address, M. F. KELLOGG, President, Newnan .Ga. NEWNAN MALE SEMINARY! REPAIRING AND ENGRAVING Everything guaranteed as represented- all work warranted. W. E. AVERY, the Jeweler, Newnan, Ga. The Fall Session will begin Monday, August 29th, 1887. The school will be under the supervision of Pitof. A. S Jones, as Principal. Board, $10 to $12 per month. Tuition, $2 to $4.50 per month. The patronage of the public is solicited. Chas. L. Moses, Proprietor. ymmn'vrr.'inn— ■.sr = SWTiid in the Crucih i.'Bg About twenty years ago I discovered a little sore on my cheek, and the doctors pro- nonneed it cancer. I have tried a number of physicians, bat without receiving any perma nent bontjilt. Among the number were one or two specialists. The niu-iiclnc tn:-y applied was like fire to tho soro, causing intense pain. I saw a statement in the papers tolling what S. S. S. had done for others similarly afflicted. I procured some at or.es. Before f had used tho second bottle the neighbors could notice that my cancor was homing cp. My general health had b“sr. oad for two or three years—1 haa a hacking conga and spit blood contin ually. I had a sevore pam m my breast. After taking six bottles of S. S. S. my cough left me and I grew stouter than I had been for several years. My cancer has healed over all but a little spot about the size of a half dime, and it is rapidly disappearing. I would advise every one with cancer to give S. S. S. a fair trial. Mits, NANCY J. MoCONAUGIIEY, Ashe Grove, Tippecanoe Co., Ind. Feb. 1G, 13SS. Swift’s S[>ociflc is entirely vegotnblv, and se---,3 to cure cancers by forcing out th“ impn Titles from the L.ood. Treausu on Hlooil aud Shin Diseases mailed free. TUB SWIFT SPECIFIC CO., Drawer 3, Atlanta, Ga. THE GEORGIA SCHOOL OF LANGUAGE, SCIENCE AND ART. One of the best Business and Normal Schools South, and only one havingaseparateFemale Department, offers a select, unsectarian,Chris tian home to young men and young iadies, providing Tuition and Board, including Washing, Fuel, Lights, etc., tor only *12 per month each! Penmanship, Book-keeping, Shorthand, Type-writing and Mnsic thor oughly taught. Full Business, Normal, Col legiate and Irregular courses of study. Su perior Preparatory Department. Healthful- ness unsurpassed. Over 200 students the past year. 16th year begins in Sept. Early appli cation is necessary to secure, a place- For cat alogue addrsss at onee, TERRILL E. SIMMONS, Pres’t, Norcross, Ga. SOUTHERN FEMALE COLLEGE. College of Letters, Science and Art. FACULTY OF SEVENTEEN; SCHOLARSHIP HIGH. Library, reading room, museum, mounted telescope, apparatus, twenty-one pianos, com plete appliances. Elocution and Fine Art at tractions. In Music the Misses Cox direc tors. vocalists from Paris and Berlin, distin guished pianist, and ladies’orchestra. Board and tuition, *207. School begins Sept. 28th. MRS. I. F. COX, President. LaGrange, Ga. WHERE Do You Intend to Educate Your Daughter! Lagrange female college, LAGRANGE, GA. Forty-first Annual Session begins Septem ber 21, 1887. Thorough Teachers, Approved Methods, Practical Instruction. Full Litera ry Curriculum. Superior advantages in In strumental Music, Voice Culture, and Art. Singing by note taught daily by a teacher of acknowledged ability. Book-keeping, Elo cution, Calisthenics, and Vocal Music taught iii regular course, free of charge. Ten thou sand dollars now being spent in improve ments. Write for catalogue before deciding where to send. RUFUS W. SMITH, Euler B. Smith, Sec’y. | President. THOMPSON BROS. DEALERS IN FURNITURE, ORGANS AND UNDERTAKING GOODS, NEWNAN, GA. ’O’ * BEDROOM, PARLOR AND DINING ROOM FURNITURE. WE HAVE FOLDING BEDS, EASY CHAIRS, OFFICE CHAIRS, ANYTHING YOU NEED. ESTEY AND GEO. WOOD & CO.’S ORGANS- WOOD AND METALIC BURIAL CASES. jpgT’Oders filled at any time of day or night. n PRICE OF GULLET’S MAGNOLIA COTTON GINS ' REDUCED TO $3.00 PER SAW ! QUALITY STILL SUPERIOR! t Makes Better Sample Than Any Other Gin in the World! - Ask agent in your town for prices of Gins, Feeders and Condensers, or write to us. THOS. M. CLARKE & CO., GENERAL AGENTS, ATLANTA, GA. newnaN marble and granite works. WALKER HIGH SCHOOL, 1887. Tne Fall Session Begins August 30tH. NORMAL FEATURE. In addition to other advantages offered by the school-we mention that of Normal in struction. Having prepared a great many for teaching, this school offers special induce ments to inexperienced teachers, and those expecting to follow that vocation. DANIEL WALKER, Principal. MRS. M J. NIMMONS, Assistant. Newnan Ga., Aug. 5tb-tf SIMRIL MANUFACTURING CO. NEWNAN, GA. ROOFING, VALLEY, GUTTERS and all special Tinwork and Repairing done promptly and warranted. We also manufac ture a ' " ” ' tore a full line of SUPMlOJlTlirWA** which may be bought of all dealerm wl» are wllUn* to handle good roods. Ask for “Slmril’s tin” piece-la grnvan to handle and fcav» no teed. McNAMARA & BRO.. -DEALERS IN- MARBLE AND GRANITE, MONUMENTS, TOMBS AND HEADSTONES, TABLETS, CURBING, ETC. ESPECIAL DESIGNS, AND ESTIMATES FOR ANY DESIRED WORK, FURNISHED ON APPLICATION. NEWNAN, GEORGIA. i K AYC0CK MANUFACTURING COMPANY, : GRIFFIN. GEORGIA. MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN DRESSED AND MATCHED FLOORING, CEILING AND ROUGHAfy LUMBER, LATHS, SHINGLES, ALL KINDS OF MOULDINGS, SAWED AND TURNED BALUSTERS. BRACKETS, SASH, DOORS AND BLINDS, ETC., My Blinda are wired with patent cllncherwlre machine, which never breaks loose. Cor respondence solicited and special prices given on bills far buildings. Write for prices discounts on Hash. Doors. Blind*, Ac. 4^1 a MCCLENDON & CO., PRINTERS, STATIONERS AND BINDERS,^ MMU*) NEWNAN. drA.