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( s Icrald and -giccrtisq. AN OLD CHURCH. Newnan, Ga., Friday, Decembers, 1888. THE USE OF TOBACCO. Tho Virtues and Vices of the "Weed in All Shapes. Tobacco contains an acrid, dark brown oil, an alkaloid, nicotine, and another substance called nicotianine, in which exist its odorous and volatile principles. When tobacco is burned, a new set of substances is .produced, some of which are less harmful than the nicotine, and are more agreeable in effect, and much of the acrid oil—a substance quite as irritating and poi sonous as nicotine—is .carried off. These lire produced substances are called from their origin, the “pyridine series.” By great heat the more aro matic and less harmful members of the series are produced, but the more poi sonous compounds are generated by the slow combustion of damp tobacco. This oil which is liberated by combus tion is bad both in flavor and in effect, and it is better, even for the immcdi- are pleasure of the smoker, that it should be excluded altogether from his mouth and air passages. _ Smoking in a stub of a pipe is par ticularly injurious, for the reason that in it the oil is stored in a con densed form, and the smoke is there fore highly charged with the oil. Sucking or chewing the stub of a cigar that one is smoking is a serious mis take, because the nicotine in the un burned tobacco dissolves freely in the saliva, and is absorbed. “Chewing is on this account the most injurious form of the tobacco habit, and the use cf a cigar holder is an improvement on the custom of holding the cigar be tween the teeth. Cigarettes are re sponsible for a great amount of mis chief, not because the smoke from the paper has any particularly evil effect, but because smokers—and they are often boys or very young men—are apt to use them continuously or at frequent intervals, believing that their power for evil is insignificant. Thus tho nerves are under the constant in fluence of the drug and much injury to the system results. Moreover, the cigarette smoker uses a very consider able amount of tobacco during the day. “Dipping” and “snuffing - ” are semi- barbarities which need not be dis- cussed. Not much effect is obtained from the use of the drug in these varieties of the habit. Nicotine is one of the most powerful of the “nerve poisons” known. Its virulence is compared to that of prus sic acid. If birds be made to inhale its vapor in amounts too small to be measured, they are almost instantly killed. It seems to destroy life, not by attacking a few, but of all the func tions essential to it, beginning at the center, the heart. A significant indi cation of this is that there is no sub stance known which can counteract its effects; the system either succumbs or survives. Its depressing action on the heart is by far the most noticeable and noteworthy symptom of nicotine poisoning. The frequent existence of what is known as “smoker’s heart” in men whose health is in no other re- . spect disturbed is due to this fact'. Those who can use tobacco without immediate injury will have all the pleasant effects reversed, and will suf fer from the symptoms of poisoning if they exceed the limit of tolerance. These symptoms are: 1. The heart’s action becomes more rapid when to bacco is used; 2. Palpitation, pain or unusual sensations in the heart; 8. There is no appetite in the morning, the tongue is coated, delicate flavors are not appreciated, and acid dyspep sia occurs after eating; 4. Soreness of the mouth and throat, or nasal ca tarrh, appears and becomes very troublesome; 5. The eyesight becomes poor, but improves when the habit is abandoned; 6. A desire, often a crav ing, for liquor or some other stimu lant, is experienced. In an experimental observation of thirty-eight boys of all classes of so ciety, and of average health, who had been using tobacco for periods rang ing from two months to two years, twenty-seven showed severe injury to the constitution and insufficient growth; thirty-two showed the ex istence of irregularity of the heart’s action, disordered stomachs, cough, and a craving for alcohol; thirteen had intcrmittency of the pulse, and one had consumption. After they _ had abandoned the use of tobacco, within six months one-half were free from all their former symptoms, and the re mainder had recovered by the end of the year. A great majority of men go far be- vond what may be called the temper ate use of tobacco, and evidences of injury are easily found. It is only necessary to have some record of what the.general health was previous to the taking up of the habit, and to have ob servation cover a long enough tinm The history of tobacco n> the island of New Zealand furnishes a quite sugges tive illustration for our purpose, and one on a large scale. When Europe ans first visited New Zealand they found in the native Maoris tho most finely developed and powerful men of any of the tribes inhabiting the islands of the Pacific. Since the introduction of tobacco, for which the Maoris de veloped a passionate liking, they have from this cause alone, it is said, be come decimated in numbers, and, at the same time, reduced in stature and in physical well being so as to bc_ an altogether inferior type cf men.—New York Medical Journal. FISHING FOR SALMON. History of the Old SwiMsh Meeting House, Erected in 1698. The most interesting feature of ‘Wil mington is the old Swedes church, standing on the outskirts of the city, near the Christina, just above the rocks where in old days Minuit planted his : fort. I am of opinion that we have no church quite so interesting, as regards am, origin and architecture. . It is probably the oldest which Remains ex actly as it left the hands of its builders; “1698” is the date in iron letters on the west :gable. The building stands in a wide place of graves, a little back from Christina crock and a mile west or tlie Delaware. The church is built of gray stone, sixty feet long, thirty feet wide and twenty feet high. The walls are six feet thick at the base ana three feet at the windows. There are five of the latter, large, and arched in the style of the old Norman, as are the three heavy doors. There are inscriptions, on all four sides in iron letters set into the walls, the main inscription being on the west gable. . Within the church is as quaint and old as when Dutch Peter, the battle scarred sexton, hauled live coals from the old cannon stove upon the brick floor to warm it. The old cedar roof, fir pews and quaint pulpit, with its high sounding board, arc very inter esting specimens indeed of early .church furniture. The inscriptions recall the very in teresting circumstances under which the church was built. After the cap ture by the Dutch (1655) the Swedes were very much scattered, and found it extremely difficult to secure pastors. They were of the Lutheran faith of the pure Augsburg confession and se cured now and tnen a minister from the churches at New York, then’ last one from this source being the Rev. Jacobus Fabritius, called in 1677, who became blind and incapacitated m 16S2. They made frequent but vain appeals to the home church to send them “two ministers, with Bibles, catechisms and other goodly books to protect them from the false teachers and strange sects, ” by whom they were surrounded. At last, in 1693, they ap pealed to Charles XI, of Sweden, an appeal very interesting to us from a statement it contains that there were then 188 Swedish families, comprising 942 persons, living on the Delaware. Charles was much interested by the letters, hut the death of his queen, Ulrica Eleanora, soon after, and press ing affairs of state delayed the Ameri can matter for some time. In 1696 it was revived. Andrew Rudman, a candidate, was selected as missionary to America, and he in turn chose two other godly men, Eric Bjork and Josias Aurran, as companions and co-work ers. The king gave for their outfit $1,800 “copper mint ; ” and 500 copies of Luther’s catechism, with Bibles, pastils and church books, each bearing the king’s name in gilt letters. As the three were about to depart he granted them a personal interview, at which he gave them $100 “silver mynt” addi tional for their voyage, and informed them that he had ordered the Swedish ambassador in London to procure pass ports and see them safely on their way. “Go now,” ho concluded, “in the name of the Lord to the place to which I send you. God be with you and make you indeed successful!” Fur nished with a safe conduct from Eng land they came safely to Maryland, thence they traveled overland to TV il- mington and Philadelphia, Rudman taking the parish at Wicacoa, near the latter place, and Bjork that of Crane Hook, near Wilmington. The people of Wimington thought that a church should be reared in their village; those at Crane Hook opposed any change; at last, as a compromise, it was agreed to place it on the banks of the Chris tina, so that the people from the out lying districts could come in boats in summer and sleighs in winter, and also for the protection afforded by the fort. John Stalcop, a church warden, gave the land. They began building on May 2S, 169S. The edifice was con secrated as Trinity church, on Trinity Sunday, 1699. The occasion was made a day of great rejoicing. Governor Markham was invited, but was unable to be present. The feast was spread in the house of John Stalcop. All sorts of meat and drink, we are told, were contributed—wheat, malt, bread, flour, hops, wine, butter, sugar, raisins, eggs, veal, mutton, venison, chickens, turkeys, turnips, etc. The congrega tion ate the dinner together, “rejoicing and praising God.” For years after the anniversary was observed. Com munions and baptismal services were long celebrated with the chalice and plate sent over by the copper work ers of Sweden to Pastor Bjork, and the Bible long used was that given by Queen Anne in 1712.—Wilmington (Del.) Cor. New York Post. Tlie Laziest Scheme Ever Invented far Capturing the Finny Tribe. . The man who invented the Colum bia river salmon wheel was a genius. The laziest fisherman who ever baited a hook could ask no easier way of landing fish. And only the fact that it can only be used at certain points on the stream prevents this machine from exterminating the salmon in one season. Imagine a common under shot wheel, with the 'buckets turned wrong way about. This is set in a hio-h Harrow flume near the bank of the river, where the current is very swift. From the down stream end of this flume, extended outward at an angle of forty-five degrees, are two up right fences, formed by pickets driven closely together into the bottom of the river, ancf wired to keep them from washing away. Just above the wheel (which is some ten feet in diameter), at the up stream end, is a platform, from which a box flume ruus to the shore. Now let us see how it works. When the .salmon are running, as every body knows, they come up in the Co lumbia river by millions. The stream is very deep, and a large percentage always succeed in getting to the breed ing grounds in safety. When salmon are running up a river they are con stantly on the lookout for small streams in which to spawn. Also where tlie current is very swift they are unable to make headway in the center of the stream, and consequently seek the more quiet water near the bank. Of these two instincts fhe in ventor of the fish wheel took a mean advantage. At the Cascades, for in stance, where the water is very swift, he sets his wheel. Here come the fish, hugging the bank by thousands —great blaek fellows, from two to four feet long, heading resolutely up stream. Nothing can turn them back ward. That wonderful instinct of na ture which insures the preservation of species is nowhere better developed than in a salmon. Now they are just below that widespread fence. The cur rent, which is rushing through the flumes, and turning the big wheel at a lively pace, attracts their at tention. The upper fence, which sets nearly square across the stream, makes quiet water there, and this flow seqms to come from the bank. This, to the salmon’s mind, is evidently the mouth of a shallow creek. Here is a spawn ing ground to our liking, and up this little stream we go. So they crowd up between the two narrowing fences toward the fatal wheel. The hrst fish reaches it, goes with a rush to over come the current, is caught by a bucket, and up he goes high in the air, while every bucket brings up an other and another, till there is a pro cession of ascending fish. At the top the velocity throws the fish violently upon the platform, from which he shoots down the flume to a great tank on the shore. Here come the fish, crowding each other forward to" the busy wheel. None can go under nor to one side. None will go back. And once a school starts for a wheel the ow r ner can consider that he has a title deed to the entire lot. One wheel will run a cannery. Day and night, while the run lasts, they come flying up the wheel and shoot ing down the flume in a continuous stream. Fortunately there are but few places on the river where the wheels can be worked with this result. Where the fish can keep in the middle of the river few can be caught in this way. But the men who control these points are making fortunes. _ As it is salmon are rapidly disappearing from the Columbia.—Livermore Herald. A Sad Story. The dowager Duchess of Hamilton, who died at Baden Baden, was left a widow about thirty years ago in con sequence of her husband having fallen down stairs after a supper at the Maison d’Or and broken his neck. The real reason why he and his wife re sided so much on the continent was •the queen’s refusal to allow her prece dence at the drawing rooms of the Duchess of Norfolk; as a member of a sovereign German family, from a Ger man point of view she was just as “high and mighty” as uo matter what Mecklenburg-Hesse or Saxe Coburg. There was no valid excuse for the refusal, which seems inexplicable, when it is remembered how the mor ganatic son of a younger Hessian princelet is being foisted as high roy alty on the British people. Her majesty could not have believed the story current at Manlieim about the Princess Marie of Baden (Duchess of Hamilton), being a supposititious child, and substituted for a prince with a malformed head, denoting the idiocy from time to time appeared in the f rand clucal (or before Napoleon’s time largravine) family. I?' there had been substitution a boy would have been slipped into the place of the al leged idiot. The Manheimers, near whose city the Grand Duchess Steph anie used to reside, had some plausible explanation to give for the substitution of a girl—or, at any rate, one that satisfied them. The “true heir” was never a com plainant. He was, the story went, found one day—full grown, helpless, undressed, hairy as an Oi’son and un able to quit a crouching posture—near the Grand Ducal park. Altogether he was more like an animal than a human being. How he got to the place where he was discovered nobody could ever guess. His vocabulary contained but two words, “Caspar Hauser.” “Caspar Hauser” was the unvarying answer to every question. For some time it was supposed that he was the victim of some theorists who wanted to prove Locke’s philosophy by experiment, and who had kept him without any sort of experience other than that of a hole in which he was brought up in solitude. Those who found him put him in human train ing. He brightened up, took, in his Sunday clothes, a distinguished air, was mild, tractable and showed gleams of memory extending far back to a few oases in his desert life. Speech was coming to him as he was assassinated. This murder caused a stir along the Rhine. Caspar Hau ser had a striking resemblance to past Margraves of Baden. This, perhaps, was the reason why the tale of substi tution was told and believed. How ever, tho late Duchess of Hamilton s early married life was poisoned by the queen’s refusal to treat her as a prin cess of Baden. The terrible misfortune of the rest of her life was a terror of internal cancer. She fancied herself liable to this disease, and believed she was preserved from its ravages by an American doctor, who, through her patronage, won a great practice.—Cor. London Standard. Possesses many Important Advantages over all other prepared Foods. BABIES CRY FOR IT. INVALIDS RELISH IT. Makes Plump, Laughing, Healthy Babies. Regulates the Stomach and Bowels. Sold by Druggists. 'Abe., 50c., SI.00. WEILS, RICHARDSON & C0„ BURMNGTCH, VT. Baby Portraits* A Portiolio of beautiful baby portraits, prinred on fine plate paper by patent photo process, sent free to Mother of any Baby bom within a year. Every Mother wants these pictures; send at once. Give Baby’s name and age.’ WELLS, RICHARDSON & CO., P.ops,, Burlington, Vt. Vi I TH :’s Easy to Dye |f|S Superior IN Strength, Fastness, Beauty, and Simplicity. Warranted to color and dyes ever made, and to give viam0 nd, and take durable colors. Ask lor me no other. 36 colors; 1° cents ea< T' WELL S, RICHARDSON & CO., Burlington. Vt. For USS DIAMOND PAINTws. Gold, Silver, Bronze, Copper. Only 10 Cents. THOMPSON BROS. NEWNAN, GA. FINE AND CHEAP FURNITURE \ n —Aj PRICES— THAT CANNOT BE BEAT IN THE STATE. Big stock of Chambei suits in Walnut, Antique Oak, and Cherry, and Imitation suites. French Dresser Suites (ten pieces), from $22.60 to $125.00. Plush Parlor Suits, $35.00 and upward. Bed Lounges, $9.00 and upward. Silk Plush Parlor Suits, $50.00. Good Cane-seat Chairs at $4.50 per set. Extension Tables, 75 cents per foot. Hat Racks from 25 cents to $25.00. Brass trimmed Curtain Poles at 50 cents. Dado Window Shades, on spring fixtures, very low. Picture Frames on hand and made to order. SPLENDID PARLOR ORGANS Low, for cash or on the installment plan. Metallic and Wooden Coffins ready at all times, night or day. THOMPSON BROS., NEWNAN, GA. Entker Expensive. A Swedish scientist claims to_ have discovered the secret of petrifying wood by artificial processes. He thinks it will be possible ere long to construct edifices of wood and convert them into stone. As it takes three months and costs about $500 to petrify a block of wood of the dimensions cf one cubic inch, it will probably be some time before his process will be generally adopted. _____ Eastern wood workers are using naphthaline as a wood preservative. It is said to be very effective, leaving the "wood dry and with only a faint aromatic smelL The Franking Privilege. The postal, authorities say that the amount of postal matter received Un der the frank of congressmen is so small as to he of no importance in con nection with the work of the office. Occasionally after some important speech a number of Congressional Records will be forwarded to Boston or to other points in New England. Outside of the departments of the gov ernment and the members of congress the franking privilege is enjoyed by agricultural colleges and the widows of the ex-presidents of the United States. A circumstance not generally known is that all mail- matter ad dressed to Sarah Polk, Lncretia R. Garfield and Julia D. Grant may be sent free of charge. No signature or mark is necessary to the free carriage of mail matter to either of the above named persons. The address is suffi cient. These ladies not only have the privilege of sending their mail matter seems for nothing, but their correspondents enjoy the same privilege.—Boston Transcript. Tlio Study of Greek. It is the enormous and inestimable value of Greek literature that gives the Greek language a proper right to its eminence as a feature of a col legiate course, and if the Greek litera ture is to he put to one side and the students are to be taught Greek out of newspapers, then the study of the language had better at once be rele gated to the position of a collegiate side issue of no interest or importance except to specialists. We do not doubt in the least that, after a certain fash ion, the study of Greek could be made more interesting—more entertaining would perhaps be a better phrase—to a great many students, than it is by tho customary hammering away at Homer and the poets. But the young fellow who can’t get interested in Greek ex cept through some such a device as this had a good deal better let it alone altogether. He can certainly put in In's time at college a good deal better in obtaining a reading and colloquial acquaintance with French, German or any other foreign language, than he can by fooling with newspaper Greek. We admit the force of all the Missis sippi professor says about the encour agement a student may get by the knowledge that Greek is a living lan guage ; but all the same, if he and his fellows let go in the least of the idea that it is a sympathy with antique Greek culture that they are seeking to drive into the heads of the young fel lows under their care, they will do the cause of classical culture vastly more harm than has been done by all the at tacks of the modernists.—Philadelphia Telegraph. ATLANTA & WEST POINT RAILROAD, AN WESTERN RATLWAY" OF ALABAMA. -k-READ DOWN..:-:- ‘O’-Un.ViE TABLE NO. --■READ UP.-w-— Cheapness cf Electricity. The savin 0- which will result in suo- stituting electricity for horseflesh on the street railways of this country is hinted at by the fact that the operation of one street railway in England by electricity will result in saving $60,000 Conditions in Prussia. Russia employs more meu to pro duce less corn than any other coun try. "When the serfs were emanci pated in 1S61 a portion of land, from eight to nine acres per head, was al lotted throughout Russia to the peas ants who occupy themselves with the cultivation of their own ground. Since then the condition of Russia to have been growing worse aii'd worse. The amount of territory given up to the serfs by the emanci pation act of 1S61 was about one-half of the arable land of the whole em pire, so that the experiment of cutting up the large properties of a country and the formation cf a landed peas antry has been tried tnere for more than a quarter of a century. No doubt Alexander I meant well toward his subjects; but at present Russia seems to be in the worst per annum over and above the present seems to be into■vrorst 1 - cost of operating it by horses. j dltion—Cor. Boston He. aid. possible con- Indian Languages. Each group of Indian tribes had a language of its own, varying in dia lect according as the several tribes were scattered over a territory. In this respect it resembled the language of Great Britain and Germany in the time when there was little communi cation between persons living at some distance from each other. The lan guage of no Indian tribe was a jargon, as it has often been represented to be. It was rich in verbs and grammati cal forms. It was very expressive, clear and comprehensive. It was readily learned and easily understood. The language of the Algonquin group was the prevailing one and was under stood on most parts of the continent. As spoken by the Ojibways it con tained about 10,000 words. It has been called the coast language of the In dians, for the reason that some of the most advanced of nearly every tribe could speak it. In some cases boys were sent to a tribe that spoke this lan guage in order to learn it. It was like the French tougue in Europe, the lan guage of diplomacy. The Sioux lan guage was more complex and more difficult to acquire, but stronger and more copious. One language was understood on every portion of the continent. It im pressed the organ of vision and not that of hearing. It was not expressed by sounds. It was the language of signs. It was very expressive. By means of it ideas could be communi cated as far as the eye could reach. One skilled in its use could tell much in a very short time. He could call a person to him who was far beyond the sound of his voice. If he could catch the eye of the person he wanted he could communicate secrets to him, while those around him would be in entire ignorance of them. He could give warning to a friend without at tracting the notice of others. A con versation could be carried on in the sign language between two persons so far apart that their voices could not be heard. The sign language could be used in love or war. It was not confined to gestures or motions ^of the person. Every part of the body touched or pointed to. nad a significance. So did the earth, water, sun, moon, stars and sky. Ac tions, passions, emotions, love, hate, as well as tangible things, were ex pressed bv the sign language. A blanket, stick, hatchet, or string 01 wampum could also be employed m the language of signs. One or more fires were employed for conveying intelligence long distances, zvn In clian rider could guide his pony so that all who saw him cornu under- stand whether he had been ^successful j in the chase or in battle. No race cl , men lacking in intellect or deuciciit i in inventions could have origiimm. and improved the language 01 signs j and symbols as it was empioj eu U 1 the aborigines of this country wnen • they were discovered by tne Euro peans. . The construction of language was as great a monameuv 10 human greatness as the formation ol j an alphabet — “Tire American m- j dian,” by Elijah M. Haines. j Accom moda tion. Local Mail (Daily) No. 51. r ast Mail (Daily) No. 53. In Effect November 11,18S8. STATIONS. Local Mail (Daily) N o. 50. Fast Mail (Doily) No. 52. Accom moda tion. iO 40 am 3 05 pm Lv. Selma ... Ar. 9 02 pm 11 45 am 1 00 am Montgomery.. ...Ar. 7 00 pm 7 25 am 148 pm 2 15 am Lv Chehaw... ... Ar. 5 48 um 5 54 am 2 22 pm Lv Auburn ... Ar. 5 11 pm 5 05 am Lv C’oiumbus.... ...Ar. 0 50 pm 10 40 am 2 38 pm 3 08 am Lv Opelika ... Ar. 4 55 pm 4 id am 7 30 am 3 20 pm 3 50 am Lv West Point... .. Ar. 4 16 pnt 3 50 am 7 15 pm 7 -0 am Lv Gabbettville... . . Ar. 3 28 am 7 02 pm 7 -59 am 3 45 pm Lv La Grange . ...Ar. 3 45 pro 3 02 am 6 43 pm 8 25 am 4 07 pm Lv Hoga.nsville... ... Ar. 3 20 pm 2 25 am 6 16 pm 8 38 am 4 19 pm Lv Grantville.... ...Ar. 3 09 pm 2 06 am 6 01 pm 8 53 am 4 32 Din 5 14 am Lv Moreland .... . ..Ar. 2 52 pm 1 SO am 5 48 pm 9 0(5 am 4 43 pm 5 29 am Lv Newnan .. .Ar 2 42 pm 1 28 am 5 33 pm 9 32 am 5 OS pm o 55 a in Lv Palmetto.... ... Ar. 2 15 pm 12 48 am 5 08 pm 9 15 am 5 19 pm 0 07 am Lv Fairhurn.... .. Ar. 2 03 pm 12 30 am 4 52 pm Lv Red Oak ... Ar. 12 11 am 4 37 pm 10 10 am 5 40 pm 6 30 am Lv .East Point.... ... Ar. 1 40 pm 11 55 pm 4 25 pm 10 30 am 6 00 pm 6 50 am Ar Atlanta ... Lv. 1 20 pm 11 30 pm 4 00 pm CECIL GABBETT, .General Manager. CHAS. H. CROMWELL, Gen’l Passenger Agent. STAGG’S PAT. COFFEE POT, MANUFACTURED BY T. E/ FELL & CO. put in of cof- Directions.—Remove the strainer, fill the pot with hot or boiling water above first ring from the bottom, leaving the funnel in the pot with the spout opposite the handle. Replace the strainer, the necessary amount fee, place on the stove, and let water pour through the spout about ten minutes, and coffee will be ready for use. If the water flows too freely draw the pot to a cooler place on the stove. The strainer can be easily replaced by any housekeeper at trifling cost. By taking out the funnel and using only tne strainer you have the “Bo s” or “Queen” Coffee Pot. £)Ib=Ctme -J-^emebies. KNIGHT’S OLD ENGLISH Intelligent Readers will notice that urg not “u’armvted io cure” all classes of diseases, but only snob as result from a disordered liver, viz: Flatulence, etc. SOIA> EYEEYWHE11S. yj/HBmxG your Job Work to Mc Clendon & Co., Newnan, Ga. 8 HAIR BALSAM " 'gsaMSiassaa** u V ? r . 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FE fid ALE MEDICINE Bv giving tone to and strengthening the corrects all irregularities and anam-nT frem which so many ladies si A'- - i ~i ro ' s weak, debilitated woman healthand strpe Ah’ ' "i makes cheerful the desnondeVt lei, - tn - :u l‘ 1 spirits. In change of lireno ’idr^b TrU'j’U A 11 GAV.Clowe^GV.4®G n a. 2feWnan ' Ga * ;