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The Irwin County Ne as.
w t r——— — 1
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Ltlieiai Organ of Irwin County.
Lf. H.KH'1 (Of. $1.00 A yKAIt IX A I VA.XCK.
T^ublislied. "W'eekly-
.A.G 1>(*LOACH, 1.(1IIor Sc !’>' p'r.
J'.tlU >.f iwii riKtih Ut* for adn-rturmtvU air
ihiti nfitr find inHi tion. a nlnix t-thtrwirc pro
r> ■■ A
I'm- '-ft |i* K\ Cltlllul'C, till, PoStlliee
ct .o d-chi? ■ nod miill> r.
••.ii alhius in it ,suit pnblicaliNii
v.< pl( mtIA be in tile efiiee, not
i -Of We'iin Sllll.V lit "non. Weave
i the vh.wa. political
ii.-iw Im , oT imp t.o>:r fl
FRIDAY, NOVEMBER «,’894.
bus been rathm
flol.L’ • 1 |H-»e ly years !>
trio !> !;.{• e 11 e i :■ i
res li.ition has been pass-
c: -i>igr j.ir a re-count of the
•|>tO m !h-* coin titntional amend'
, c‘. i. > ineremm t.’ne nun her of
pr- iso court judges from 3 to 5
in t event the amendment ha-
•itVSt irried, ae is cniiiideritly
iiev' d, no men in the state is better
qu.tliii; i or funds a better char.ee
for one of the two new seats thur.
Col I. II. M-»-tin.
Irwins Supt-.ri ir C mit convened
Thursday of last week and ad-
■ . ;n.- <i ,S tMirday.
During the hb*enoe of Air. J. AV
G• ■ IJi • , .Vie**. J. A. McKenzie aiui
•1. .1. Ciements lias charge of the
depot.
We are very sorry, that
Kid: . lloui.r of tha Sycamine
Institute came in to lale tur
cation.
icon’s motto—‘It
first you dont succeed, try, try
Tho Slusi-la p. ju.e.’
The above is the assumed tit}*-
or.e of the most disgraceTj
.-isga urns ever ujir.es.sei:
jn our G ristim Am ric.t. 'i”i c -
position we mail a of ibis- n •
n, i on iot prompted nor icim
• d upon hearsay, but iv*-. say wlm
t- p .-jo Ji'iM having £-e< n the eocajj
rd “l.-Iiiselc Dance" at the Maco:
i snd give 9jr readers
dial, those who profess sell
r< pent above that of the common
de... nay not be innocently trapp-
l iu t.nuse portjble
Jt i not our pleasure to refer n
tli.me columns to any subject th.il
34 unchaste, and wdl not. admit of
discussion even to its minutest
detail, but it is a sacred injunction
npor> all men ami women having
the G'd riven rig;,: ofspemh.
speak out in thunder tonesugains
such a i/iushinif shame- upon
Vi .•du: and purity of A uericat.
men
l' < muscle dance is an exhibi
of tmuiicr beauty or -.kill, and
* ■-■s Utterly deprov.'d and
u't a .liiigie sense of common de.
c.iicy, are the living
!lid a V I a of the u..sightly a
.ausarnent,
'V no is respond lie for the
bition i-t this tepid «i ve spectacle
In.' 'air? We charge that the
’ I tne i) de Int-ri tate
& ii i of thofjeor.ia Agricultural
.o-.'iy are cdleptively and indivi
UTidy responsible, in as much as
the slots lav sp jci!i rillv forbids
i be in. i ounce of which we
plain,
Tue prup i gator? of these annual
fvirs at Ai.-itson unwnrhtv th,
? »-of.eratjon <f the peo| Je in
a i >h si.s in eg are enticed to g
fr up every quarter of th state and
ntim to seo a great collection o
Dm t-rodimts of our grand old
Ida: ; and wpm, within ' tin, 1 10 aaipi.
are r,-:\,ru.'d by sights and S 0 fcRM>
autii.ir. 1 h ml encouraged by
local authorities, that are repulsive
t<> every sanso of leflaetrmrit. Giil
•'mve nijr oou .Gy, and give us tn-n
in manage r.ur great enterprises
whi» I lave regard for the dm
ti'v an i purity “Ur penp’e.
Aai-'-af ■— 5*i iitji*:vn Baptist.
B l-r ,S. \j. A ider.v»n,( !). V.)
will U<i ,l ,e oilii vn,a ,-.pjoiiitments
it timed timer) ;
'Vu-s lav Nov 20 rf ii r reon Creek
\V- ’- , v N 21 B ’.-by Creek
T.rtrail ty V >v. 2s, lit. Boon.
Pri lay ;V-»v. 23. Valley Grove
Nov, i‘i25, H ipeweli.
,■ Atoll i Niv. 26. J’.easent
* TJ lay Nov U Liitle Jv'ver.
84
COMMISSIONER’S TALK
Mr. Nesbitt's Remarks to tho
Farmers of Giorgia.
REVIEWOFTHE MONTH JiJST PAST.
our Metlioil* »n.1 Their I!i<l n tl«n to tho
l’r«K«ut Agricultural UejirrHuloji jiticl tho
J-ow Frio*- of Cotton—-The fuiprovemtHit
anti Iluiltliug Up of Our Lantlg the
{JueMtion of i'arainount Importance.
Department op Agriourturis,
Atlanta, Nov. 1, 1894.
In a recent investigation, which I have
been conducting iu order to get at the
average production of the staple crops
throughout Georgia, 1 have become in¬
terested also iu ascertaining tho average
of commercial fertilizers used and their
! effect on our crops. As germaiue to
these, proper fertilization, diversifica¬
tion, supplying our lauds with what
they most nqpd to feed our crops are
naturally suggested, in all of which
there is much food for serious thought.
Indeed, from whatever standpoint we
view tho agricultural questions, sooner
or later the grave need of patient, care¬
ful, judicious improvement and build¬
ing up of our lauds, foroes itself upon
our attention as one of paramount im<
portance. Though I have already spok¬
en and written much on this subject, I
feel bound to continue until our farm-
ers are thoroughly aroused to its de¬
mands and fully realize its vital influ¬
ence on their industry.
In conducting tho investigation re¬
ferred to above, I have had access to tha
very best authorities, and from the
most careful estimates the somewhat
surprising and wholly lamentable con¬
clusion is reached that, in spite of tho
large area of fresh land taken in and
the almost fabulous consumption of
commercial fertilizers, production in
Georgia stands at aliout the same figure
that it did 20 years ago. 1 don’t mean
that we have not raised bigger crops of
cotton, bat that, while we have helped
to crowd the markets of the world with
the fleecy staple and each year lias wit¬
nessed a decline in the price, the aver¬
age production increased. per acre has where not mate tho
rially And is
profit for us if our lauds are being ex¬
hausted, and it is becoming more diffi¬
cult each year to wring from these long
suffering, hard run fields, even with tho
powerful compounds, stimulus of expensive bale chemi¬
cal the average to
three acres ? Let me give the data that
farmers may examine tha figures and
gee for themselves to what end our pres¬
ent policy will inevitably lead. might With
cotton at 10 cents, the rasult be
deferred for perhaps a few years, but
even that figure would oease to be re¬
munerative, when onr lands fail to re
spond to heavy doses of commercial
fertilizer, or when the usual summer
drouth, sweeping acrogs onr shallow
plowed fields, lays its fiery touch on our
growing of wither crops, away.” which having no “depth
root
There is not, however, the remotest
possibility of 10 cents cotton, and with
a prospect of staple a long period the of 5 or 6
cents for our crop, necessity
is upon us to take our bearings and get
back where we can at least keep our
heads above water.
From the following table will be seen
the number of tons of fertilizers in¬
spected in Georgia alone for each sea¬
son for tho past twenty years:
D74-5......... ......... 48.fiV3.00 tons.
1875-0......... 55,313.00 tons.
1870-7.....;... ......... 75,82-1.00 tons,
1877-8......... ......... 93,178.0*1 tons.
1878i9......... ......... 85,010.011 tons.
1879- 80........ .........119.583.00 tons.
1880-1......... .........152.424.00 tons.
1881-3......... .........125.327.00 tons,
1883-3......... .........125.377.00 ton*
1883-1......... .........151,849.00 torn!,
lfc-A......... .........170,153.00 tons'*
1855-0......... ........ 180,705.00 tons.
1880- 7......... .........liHi.078.08 tons.
1887-8......... .........208,007.39 tons,
188S-9......... 18feb-90........ .........202.809.36 tons.
........288,112.30 .........300,734.6(1 tons.
1880-1......... tons.
1891- 2......... .........296,342.00 tons.
1892- 3......... .........307,519.30 tons.
1893- 4......... .........315,612.00 tons.
Total........ ........3,454,707.43.
From this it appears that in 20 year!
we have used nearly 3,500,000 tons,
which at the moderate average of $25 a
ton commercial makes the fertilizers total amount alone sped _ for
reach
nearly $100,000,000! Or, looking at the
subject that from another standpoint, we
have in period used enough to put
pn each cotton acre in Georgia pearly
one and a half tons!
Let us look at the other side of the
record. By this large investment and
crowding have been in enabled every available acre, we
to raise phenomenal
crops of oottou. But what have these
been really worth to the state and to
the south? At least one-fifth has gone
fpr bacon ijnmeuse alone; and when we add to
this the sums spent for corn,
flour, oats and hay, we cau readily see
how these big cotton crops have been
absorbed. And what have we to show
for them? The fertilizers, by our mis-
mistaken methods of using them, have
I "J Dearly ail, gone out in the cot.
[ ton, leaving our lands rather worse
| each year; and the bacon, grain and
Jray have all been consumed.
How long cau even the most prosper-
pus country stand such drains as these?
Fortunately, a clear comprehension of
our position is farcing itself upon even
tile most thoughtless, and there is bo-
giiming servative a methods. gradual return The provision to more con-
this crop
iu Georgia year, exceeds anything
since the war, and were it not, to use a
current expression, old for “over lapse” iu
the form of debts, in some cases of
several years’ standing, we could al-
ready see daylight. But hopeless paying debts
With 5 cents cotton is a task
and farmers are discouraged and des-
poudeut. It oiily the ample provision
crop of corn, peas, potatoes, ground-
peas, sorghum, and hay which saves us
from almost universal suffering.
But discouraging as this outlook an-
pears just now, if tho pres at depressed
price tablished ol cotton leads to thoroughly es¬
diversification of crops, a care-
ful system of renovation, intelligent
methods of manuring and utilizing com-
jneroial manures, it will yet be worth
millions to tha south. When we <lo
Hot have to buy ooru or bacon, and our
lands aro ouco inor j filled with humus,
we have learned to become independent and wi/l
of the price of this single orop,
be on a solid foundation. Ours is a
good, substantial business, and it is
bound lo revive,
Let us see to it that wo follow strictly
business methods—put our lands in good
condition, raise our home supplies, and
by avoiding as far as possible the per-
pionfus credit system, place ourselves the full in
a position where wo can enjoy
return for our labor.
The higli prices, which ruled for a se¬
ries of years, did not make our farmers
prosperous. On the contrary, tho strug¬
gle became harder and harder each
year. In many cases farmers are now
staggering under debts contracted when
cotton was high and credit easy, when
we staked our all oil one crop and lost.
With the slack season and the long
Winter evenings tire opportunity study comes tho
for him to look around and
questions most nearly affecting his in¬
terests. It is * the interchange of
thought and plan which promotes im¬
provement, and the farmer who suc¬
ceeds is the one who is willing and
quick to receive as well as impart infor¬
mation, who grasps the salient points in
any well considered, progressive plan
and lifts himself higher in the scale of
agriculture. needs sharp wits well
A farmer as as
sharp plows, and if he would suceeod,
he must “feed tho brain” as well as the
soil.
As a help to every inquiring farmer
nothing is more valuable than a well es¬
tablished and reliable subscrip agricultural don, compared jour¬
nal. Tho cost of
with the ideas suggested, tho train of
thought awakened, the impetus given
to improved and better paying methods,
is scarcely to be considered. The usual
subscription price of $1.00 is returned
many times over before the year is out.
Amid the gloom of general depression
and low priced cotton, there is one
spot to which we can turn with thank¬
fulness, and that is oar
BIG CORN CROP.
Tho corn crop of the south is esti¬
mated at 200,000,000 bushels more this
year than from the same states in 1893,
which will run tho yield up to about
one-third the entire corn product of the
whole country. This fact taken in con¬
nection with the almost total failure of
the crop iu the corn producing states of
the west and the probable high prices of in
the spring, point in to gathering the importance and hous¬
care, not only using such
ing, but in in manner as to
avoid waste of that which will bring a
good cash price later on. Already corn
has sold at a higher figure than wheat,
and tha price is now much above tha
average for several years.
The south lias had the good fortune
to produce a large crop at a period when
the general market is short, and for the
first time since the war, conditions are
reversed, and we wilL help to supply
our western neighbors. Let us not lose
this advantage by a too prodigal use or
waste in feeding. To make this condi¬
tion yield its full value to us, we should
plant such fall crops as will enable us to
hold a largo part of our corn for a re¬
stock munerative aiid. price, or, if we have tho for
necpr.sary arrangements
feeding and -for Saving the manure, let
rs manufacture our raw product into
the higher and better paying forms of
milk, butter and cheese, always remem¬
bering that the mere feeding of stock on
barely sufficient to carry them through
the winter, is a wasteful policy. While
it stables, is not it necessary important to build expensive afford
is very to
our stock ample protection stahl&s against wind
and weather, and if the are well
littered to absorb all the liquid as well
as solid droppings, we have laid the
foundation for utilizing to the best ad¬
vantage the food given to our livo stock,
and the profit will malic an ampie re¬
turn for the labor of feeding and atten¬
tion.
Quoting from the North Carolina ex¬
periment station: “The dairy industry
means a very great deal for the state,
in the improvement of lauds and in
producing a safe money crop, that docs
not exhaust, and in the saving of fertil¬
izer bills.”
NOW is THE TIME
for making ready all buildings intend¬
ed for this purpose. Soo that they are
weather proof, and having given them
a thorough cleaning, see that tho stalls
are well bedded with straw, loaves, or
any other convenient absorbent. At
odd times, and during wet weather, lay
iu a supply of these, to have on hand as
Heeded.
the Provide a place during for the securely winter. storing Lack¬
manure
ing fields. this, haul at ouco and cleanliness spread on the
This secures and
health, and we thus get its first value,
which is often wasted by leafing ex¬
posed to the weather, or by poorly con¬
structed compost heaps. The site for
THE COMPOST HEAPS
should be selected on level the ground, and
in such a position that water from
the buildings surface will not fall on them.
Take off the soil, say to tho
depth of a foot, or until we come to the
firm clay subsoil, cehter, givb a. little fall to¬
wards the and put in the ma¬
nure,- packing firmly, and then finish
off the heap with the top soil previously
taken leaving out, packing little on carefully higher and
the heap a in the
center than at the sides. In the ab¬
sence of shelter this is the best plan;
but if one can afford it, even a rough
Shelter will secure the mass from all
loss by leaching, and is a good invest¬
ment where lumber is oheap.
FALL PLOWING,
e ff6°i na hy accomplished, is of untold
va ' n t * ie successful management of
j lllot,l! , ' 1 ' y« a ,r’ s operations. Laud, both
lv A T all< ) light, so broken, absorbs the
, heavy winter rain, and form* a res-
® rvo * r on inevitable which our crops can draw dur-
1I1K t l ° summer drouth. Au-
ot 'h? r reason le potash in its and favor phosphoric is that the acid mi- in
av ' a !
w “i G h , most of our subsoils abound, are
ex P 0S<J d to the action of the atmosphere,
autl the disintegrating effects of any
f reezes which we may have, and aiv
thus put in favorable condition to b«
®j*°vhed under.the by our growing crop;. By
P lo ’' v, ng stubble of cow peas,
weeds, crab grass, or any other vegetn- winch
hie matter, we add tho humus,
besides giving nitrogen, by itsdecompo-
8 i tiou 8< d s free stores of plant food, oth-
® rwl8 ° ,ocked U P in the soil,
OUU INDUSTRY MUST NOT LANGUISH.
We are justly proud of the pluck
which has enabled ns to push our state
into the front ruuk of improvement and
progress at the south. Onr section is
rapidly developing in other enterprises rightful
and agriculture must take her
plaoo among tho first. Lot us summon
ail our fortitude to meet the present and
heavy strain on our energies re¬
sources, and let us courageously renew
the battle, being convinced of a success¬
ful issue, if we but take heed to the ex-
pcrioncs of tho past, and to the beacon
tights which are in such plain view,and tho
which warn ns against falling much into cotton
oft repeated error of too
and too little of diversified agriculture, which the
with all the laud exhaustion,
one crop system implies. Commissioner.
E. T. Nesbitt,
GENERAL REMARKS.
Oar Clay Soils Susceptible to a III-O
State cf Cultivntion.
The weather during the month has
been very propitious for gathering crops
timl the work has progressed rapidly.
COTTON.
Notwithstanding the low price of our
staple money crop, there has been no
tendency to hold for a better market,
and the bale, as soon as it comes from
the mess, has almost in every instance
been offered for sale.
The discouraging effect of low prices
is particularly felt when we consider
the fact that in our section there has
been little, if any, increase in tho gen¬
eral yield compared to last year.
The reports of correspondents of the
department will, in our opinion, be ver¬
ified. These reports have at no time in¬
dicated a much greater yield for this
year than last. That they are correct
are shown by the receipts at our interior
towns, which, notwithstanding the un¬
usually fair weather, are little, if any,
in excess of last year. In regard to our
yield, it is to be regretted that even
though we have no increase the present
year that our increase in the past has
been due to an increase of acreage and
not to an increase in the yield per acre,
so essential to our success.
The commissioner says in his report
on this subject: ,
Recently, the department has had un¬
der investigation the yield and acreage
of staple crops in the state with a view
of ascertaining whether the progress
made towards developing the varied re¬
sources of our soil has been accompanied
by an increased yield of staple products
per acre. We regret to say that the re¬
sults of this investigation have not been
satisfactory, and that, beginning with
1850, and up to the present time, no im¬
provement in yield has taken place. Ex¬
ceptional years have occurred in which
the yield lias exceeded that of several
years previous, but this has not been
followed by a gain in the succeeding
year, and shows an increase from a fa¬
vorable season rather than permanent
improvement Or the soil.
When we consider the immense sum
of money expended annually for fertili¬
zers, this is far from an encouraging
statement, and ciearly demonstrates
that our expenditures do not accomplish
(Ire proper purpose, i. e., the enhance¬
ment of the value of our lands by in¬
creasing their yielding capacity. In
the distributed literature of the depart¬
ment, both through the press and in
pamphlet form, we have endeavored to
impress the necessity of upbuilding our
soil; and, as before stated, we feel as¬
sured from the interest and inquiries as
to fertilization, and the use of legumin¬
ous plants, that what has been said on
this subject has not been lost, and that
the coming year will find more farms in
Georgia conducted with the end folliving in view
of securing a better yield the
year than hitherto in the history of tha
state. We have frequently referred to
the susceptibility of our clay soils to a
high state of cultivation, and Georgia,
like France and Germany, should wit¬
ness a gradually improved condition and
increased yield through a series of years.
CORN.
The yield of this crop is gratifying,
and from the reports at hand will equal
or exceed 40,000,000 bushels for the
state. Iu view of the failure of the
crop in the west and the low price of
cotton, our farmers are fortunate to
have a supply of food on hand with¬
out being dependent on the crops of the
west. It is well also to note in this con¬
nection the increase iu hog products as
evidencing that our efforts towards ag¬
ricultural independence is being accom¬
plished. This increase appears in this re¬
port under the head of statistics.
orchard, etc.
As now is the season of the year to
set out orchard, we call attention to
WhaPthe commissioner has said as to
this adjunct to our agriculture, which
is becoming one of our large sources of
revenue.
It would seem from the foregoing,
that is, from the fact that we show no
gain in general yield of staple crops,
that it would he found difficult to find
any encouragement in the outlook. It
must be remembered, however, that our
improvement has been in the direction
of the smaller, and what has hitherto
been considered the non-essentials, of
our agriculture. Thus, while the cot-
tou crop from 1850 to the present date
shows no increase in yield except from
the increased acreage from a total value
of about $90,000, for orchard and other
fruits we have increased to several mil¬
lion dollars; from gardening for house¬
hold use alone we have progressed until
Savannah is now the center of one of
fhe trucking illustrated districts fruits pf the of. south. We
have that all classes
and of the finest flavor can be grown
with profit for the northern market,
and that a few acres in vegetables can
be made more profitable than a farm iu
staple crops. pleasing note also
It is to that the ab¬
stract of the recent census of United
States shows that Georgia produces
more peaches than any other state in
tho Uniqn, •v
1V0 r/IOBiE ©BBiDIT!
'BlliNG THE
CURRENCY?
And Huy at a
Sacrifice.
Sal© ©f ©bp
Em ire Stock of
Drygoods and Notions,
Sli es, Hats, Clothing,
Hardware and Crockery,
a large stock of Trunks.
MUST GO
REGARDLESS of Cost.
READ 0 AN DO SAVE 0 BIG 0 MONEY!
P<ir.is at $1 75 former price, $2 75
in t8 at 10) former price, 1 f0
P bis id 3 no former price, 4 CO
Pai ts at f 50 former pricp, 2 25
Pants at 3 00 forme- price, 4 50
PRINTS—best quality.
Pr ’ at S|c former price, 6&7c
Ginghams, 5c former price, 8A10c
Chaliie« at, 5c former price, Sit 10c
Alpacas, (mohair finish) at 25c.
Printed Satinets, 10c, old price 16c
Dress F.annel, 30?, old price, 50o.
Red Flannels, 20c, old piice, 35c.
White Flannels, loe, ol i price, 25 j
T able Linen, 60c, old price, 80c.
Table Linen, 25 •, old price, 40c.
Dimity Cords, 10c, old price, 15c.
Dotted Siviss, 15c, old price, 20c.
Lawns, (in, old price, 10c’
Bed Spreads, 1 25, old price, 1 75.
B-d Spreads, 1 75, old price, 2 50.
Ladies’ under vest, 30c old price 50
IV© MOBB CBBBITI
Hayes, Smith & Co.
^ICIMORE,
Ladies’r’under vest, 40c old price 60
Ladie’ under vest, 15c old price 25.
Ll iea’ underwent, (30c old pi ice 85
G its .Sh'rts, 40c. old price,
Gents Shirts, 65c, old price, I CO.
Gents Shirts. 80c, old price, 1 25.
Gi»Li Shirts, all wool, 1 35,
Gents Shirts, all wool, 1 50.
Gents ShiDs, all wool, 2 25.
Cardigan Jackets, 75c.
Cardigan Jackets, 1 50.
Cardigan Jackets, 1 75.
HATS-
Oar whole toch of
hats will be di.apossd of
without regard to cost.
SHOES-
Our large stock of
shoes will be sacrificed
if necssary to dispose*
til(1)1 •