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THE TWICE-A-WEEK TELEGRAPH TUESDAY, JANUARY 8, 1907. STRANGE USED WEAPONS IN FIGHTING The Ingenuity of man ha? been taxed 40 the utmost to contrive nc*' and more deadly means of killing and bounding his fellow men. and science has now brought our modern weap ons to sueh perfection, that )l seems almost impn-rihle to imagine nnv ad vance in their effectiveness. if we expert the fold steel—which s'ill his Its uses, if we are to judge by the rerent war in the Bast—there are but three classes of offensive weapons: The gun and Its projectiles, the rifle anti the mine or torpedo In the process of their evolution from the stone and dub of our prehistoric ancestors an enormous numh"r of contrivances have been invented by the fertile hralns of soldiers, mechanics and scientists. Some of these, mp h as the “hand gonn-\" Edward US's "crakevs of war”—the cannon he took against the Scots—and the engineer Glannihelli’s “devil ships of Antwerp,” may be re garded. writes l.tcut -Pol. C. Field in the Scientific American, as being the direct ancestors of the rifle, gun and torpedo of today. Buf there have been hosts of others, which have either be come entirely obsolete after a very short reign, have never “caught on. " or. In very many eases, have never had any actual existence outside the plnns and Ideas of their sanguine in ventors. Many of these war-like appliances, especially those belonging to the mid dle ages, are of the most grotesque .description. As at no distant date the making of hideous grimaces to strike terror Into the heart of an ene my was cultivated as a branch of the military art by the troops of the Celes tial empire, so in mediaeval times the grotesque seems to have been consid ered at least as much a desideratum as the practical by the Inventors of of fensive and defensive weapons. So we have such extraordinary contriv ances as n "machine to break the ranks of an enemy” and other dragon-like edifl ces. How the former, which appears to be a kind of mediaeval motor ear. got Over the ground anti how It brought Its formidable array of spikes to be:: Upon those who had the hardihood t oppose its progress. mu?t be left t the Imagination. The other machine Is mereljt a grotesque edition, of th movable towers that played sueh an Important part In the sieges of ancien and mediaeval cities. Named Warlike Machines. Anelent warriors had a great pen chant for naming their various warlike engines and machines after animals real or Imaginary. Thus we have the Roman “miiseulns." or "little mouse.” a maehine for undermining the walls of n besieged city: the bartering rant, the sow, the scorpion fur discharging big arrows from a powerful how. the < er for hurling stones. The onager, ac cording to tradition, was an anima that had a pleasant trick of kicking stones with great violence at its pur- puers. Again, the Roman warship were equipped with a spiked gangway known as a “corvus.” or “crow,” which on being let fall upon an enemy’s shir grappled her and formed a bridge fur hoarders. Mediaeval soldiers made frequent use of the “wolf" in the defence of castles and towns. This was a species of huge harrow, made of balks of tim ber with wooden spikes nt the intersec tions, which set up outside the wall could he thrown down and forward to crush the heslegers* as they crowded to the assault. When cannon were in vented their nanieK became legion. A ship or n train of artillery contained perfect zoological garden of hirds. beasts and fabulous animals. Thor were basilisks, drakes, dragons volant, fnlcons. serpents and pelicans, not ti mention “double dogs” and partridge mortars. We have of late years seen a good deal in the newspapers nhnut the train ing of dog* for military purnoses. sueh as scouting, giving notice of the ap proach of an enemy and searching for the wounded. In former days this telligent animal was also employed in warfare, not only as a watch dog. One method of “letting slip the dogs war" was to equip them with a pot of blazing rosin, a collar of spikes and Jacket of leather scales to protect their hacks from the Are. and send them nmoru cavalry, much to the confusion of the horses. An Arab writer describes some won derful wry: dogs which belonged to the Oran™ Seignior, which he says were as big as donkeys, were clad in rich cloth, silver colters and nock rings nnd a circle of iron points around the neck. Some were even clad in armor. They wore equal to tackling wolves, dragons In the fire, eagles in the air and crocodiles In the water, to say nothing of being able to bring down a man from horseback, “however stout ,a fellow he may he.” Dogs equipped In much the same manner were also 'Used for Incendiary purposes to set villages on Are, as were also cats and pigeons. Queer Weapons Invented. With the advent of artillery and Are. ■ms, all kinds of queer weapons were m time to time invented. Many of ^jem distinctly foreshadowed our mod- S ' ern repeating and rlAed weapons. Not few revolvers, repeaters and rlAed ny. They generally took the form of a rude machine gun. several mu;- 1 ket barrels being placed together In the center, and a great array of curly, murderous looking spears and halberds arranged on cither side. The Lvoners Is a later type without musket barrels and intended for blocking a narrow passage Those contrivances were called orgues. from their re.semhlance to the pipes of an organ, or sometimes thunder carriage*. Monster cnnnr>n were an early form of extravaganza, in military weapons. There are several accounts of such pieces of ordnance. A traveler in 1743 stated that he had seen at Bruns wick a gun or rather mortar cast in 1411. It was marie of brass, was ten feet six inches long and no less than nine feet two inches in diameter, and was said to he capable of throwing n Hint) pound shell. India boasted sev eral of these monstrosities One still to he seen at Kubberpore is said to be no less than twenty-one feet three inches long and Ave feet six inches around the muzzle. It is called Jaun KushaJI, or destroyer of life, by the natives, and was probably cast some where In Persia. Cannon Had Tremendous Bore. muskets were made in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, hut as the . whole affair had to be made by hand thetr cost precluded any general adop tion of these ingenious devices. “The earliest cannon were breechloaders, and like our modern guns were built up rather than cast. But even after the Invention of cast Iron and brass can non the smaller pieces were generally made to load at the breech. A couple of sueh .weapons mounted in a kind of cart were used by Henry VIII. against the Scots, and would appear to have been quite practical little af fairs. They evidently could be wheeled like hand barrows: the sloping shield would afford excellent protection to the gunners and probably contained a receptacle for ammunition. War carts or chariots were not unus ual at this time, especially in Germa- Another Indian piece, cast by Chule- hv Koomy, Kahn of Ahmednugeer, about the year 1500, has such a tre mendous boro that the interior is now At ted up as a kind of summer house A cannon made at Rruges in 1346 had a square bore and Ared cubical shot. Guns were made of all kinds of mate rial-'. though all such may be regarded as freaks or experiments. The leather guns inventr-d by an officer in the army of Guscavu- Adolphus had a cer tain vogue on account of their light ness. Some were effectively used against us by the Scots under General Leslie at the battle of Xewhurn Ford in 1610. They were made by wrap ping rope and twine around copper cylinders strengthened by iron rings. They were then coated with plaster, and Anally covered with leather. They were very portable, but unreliable and short lived. Gurs have been made of wood hooped wiUuiron, not only in an cient times, but quite recently in the Philippines. whe*re they' were used against the American troops. The Chinese had a gun made of bamboo in 1259. but only the other day the Japanese were making effective use of modern mortars bound around with bamboo for throwing explosives, into the Russian works at the siege of j port Arthur. Gons have been made of glass and even of ice. fected in ancient days, according to an Arab v. riter. by the "powder which explodes wl'.tout sound,” made at El Mcldaun. the ashes of human bones taking the place of charcoal. The making of this propellent is now, at any rate, a lost art, but the same ob- in other ways. C 7 nel Humbert of the French ar- Ject is to a certain extent attained my lias invented a species of tube which, r.ffi; ■-q : . the muzzle of a field piece, prevents either flash or sound, while a rifle invented in America has a big cartridge containing water, which interposes between the bullet and the pov/der charge in Its l5ase. This Is supposed to regulate the escape of the powder gas and so minimize the re port without diminishing the force and velocity with which the projectile leaves the barrel. The great addition which this system would make to the weight of the ammunition is quite enough to put the weapon out of court for mili tary purposes. THE HOWARD GOULDS APART. NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS. Examine label on your pa per. It tells how you stand on the books. Due from date on iike label. Send in dues and also renew for the year 1907. COREY IN FRANCE WITH NIA3ELLE GILMAN PARIS, Jan. rey, president 7.—Whether A. E. Co- of the United States Steel Corporation, will marry Mabelle Gilman, the American singer, before he returns to the United States, can not be ascertained definitely. When Corey arrived here a week ago it was understood that the wedding would not take place during his present trip and as late as last Wednesday Miss Gil man told intimate friends that the date of the ceremony had not been fixed. If these plans have been changed the wedding probably will take place in England in order to obviate the vexatious formalities of the French law. Beyond stopping at a somewhat secluded hotel in the suburbs, Mr. Corey has taken no special pains to Some of the (hide his movements or to conceal the latter, made for saluting purposes at ! fact of his engagement to Miss Gil- the marriage of the Russian Prince ; man. She and Mr. Corey, accompanied Galiitzzi in 1739. are stated to have 1 by Miss Gilman’s mother, take daily been “fired more than onee without | automobile trips in the Bois de bursting.” Guns have even been j Boulogne, and Mr. Corey frequently made of the precious metals. In 1663 ! dines with . mother and daughter at there was in the arsenal of Verona, “a * some fashionable restaurant. He great gun found in Candia, all of I accompanied by American friends, and gold and silver.” A golden cannon was . sorne times after dinner they attend 1 From the Xew York Herald. ! Since their return from Europe, early ia.’t month, on their steam yacht, the ; NiP-gara, Mr. and Mrs. Howard Gpuld j have been living apart, but their ! friends, while admitting apparent es- : trangement. deny that either has be- ! gun action for divorce or other legal ! separation. Mr. Gould has been living in the Waldorf-Astoria. He could not be seen there, however, when an effort was ' made to learn from him whether he had taken any legal steps against his wife, for the reason that yesterday he went on a three days’ cruise on’the Niagara. Mr.-. Gould, who for three weeks has been living alone in the Hotel St. Re gis, went yesterday to their country home, in Bands Point, L. I. She was not accessible when an attempt was made to ascertain from her if she had hegun a divorce suit or contemplated so doing. It is well known to their acquaint ances that Mr. and Mr. Gould have not met except once by accident since their return from abroad. On that occasion both dined in Pelmonico’s, but with different parties. Although Mrs. Gould is much inter ested in the beautifying of the estate on Long Island, she did not return to Caitl. gould earlier on account of her husband’s failure to dismiss the super intendent of the place, who had in- | curred her displeasure. He is now in I entire charge of the buildings and the grounds of Castlegould. for Mr. Gould 1 has the utmost confidence in his man- ; agerr.snt. Mrs. Gould, however, was annoyed by the fact chat the man did not always follow her directions. She : said to a friend, recently that she was returning because she did not intend that an employe should any longer keep her from entering her own home. She expects today to witness the race for his ette and cigar cases and pipes are “usual presents to these people. And in addition to the members of the royal household, each employee on the Sandringham estate also receives a Christmas gift from tile King. This con sists of a large joint of beet' cut from one of His Majesty's own cattle. Tables heavily laden with the meat are placed In the stables on Christmas eve. and after the meat has been personally inspected by the King large joints are handed to each man in the several depart ments. from the highest to the lowest in rotation. Only the rrimest ioints are given to the employees, the other part-— good meat for all that—being distributed among the cottagers on the estate who are not employed by Kis Majesty or who are past work. Then gifts of games are also made to a large number of persons who in any way may have rendered some service to His Majesty. Railway employees, postoffice officials. police and tradesmen are often favored by the receipt of D’.'ensants, partridges, hares or rabbits, bearing a big label. “From’ His Majesty the King,” printed in gold red letters. JUDGE EMORY SPEER’S CHARGE TO GRAND JURY 1 ALBANY, Ga.. Jan. 7.—The first ses sion of Albany division of United States Court for the Southern District of Georgia was held in Dougherty County court house this morning. The court was presided over ay Judge the mouth of the Mississippi, the In cessant clank of those gigantic en gines, now cutting an interoceanie path for tlie maritime commerce of the world, these and much more like these. Krn.ory Speer, whose charge to the J would be the successive monuments of grand Jury was conceded to have been | an usur ping Government and a lawless. one of the ablest ever delivered in , , this countv • > and therefore decadent people. * After a brief session court adjourned ! 'A hether it be for an appropriation to until tomorrow morning, when several { maintain a range light, or to relieve Triumphant Wit. Wit is the most victorious thing known to man. No one who possesses it can be utterly put down. You may prove him to he an intolerable sack- bibber, a liar, a coward, along with other things which the language of 1 the Elizabethans expressed more I frankly than does ours: but, if he be I witty, as Falstaff was. he comes out ! in a kind "of triumph, and his accusers ’ are more than ha.lf-ashamed of their attack. In all sorts of controversy ! with the pen wit is almost as neces sary as charity to th# Christian: if a I man speak with the tongue of men ■ and of angels, nnd have not wit, it [ would be better for him to hold his peace, says the Westminster Gazette. | it was the possession of this gift of the , gods which made the difference ’twixt Byron's position face to face with his ' critics and the position of all the I other poets, his contemporaries. The ■ best thing the others could do was to ! bide their time, and hope they might fclive long enough to get even with the the Vanderbilt cup from her own auto- i cpiti “ ! n , some other way, as Words - mobile. Among her guests will be Mrs. | vv0 ^‘ h did by his prefaces.’ which, m Adolf Ladenburg. : trutb < made an adequate revenge of This apparent estrangement between teries, which have been carefully revis ed so as to receive the sanction of the Archaeological Society and the bishop, has been arranged for this month; and It is expected that opposition to the reproduction of the entire series of twenty-five pageants next J-ear will ptured at Pekin in I860. and King Thebaw of Burma was the possessor of another, which was also incrusted with precious stones. The early call- ver was little inferior to a cannon in clumsiness, as it took three men to carry it and a fourth to fire it. When firearms became somewhat more portable, and especially when pis tols were introduced, we find them mounted in the most extraordinary fashions. 'Shields or targets not in frequently had a pistol fixed In the center with a smaiil grating for aim ing through, hut there is an account of a shield at Genon which ad no less than 120 pistols connected with it. Rather a heavy affair to handle, one would Imagine. The Emperor Gharles V. had a curious shield whieh he car ried when walking about at night: "a spear came out of the aide of it. besides that in the middle:' if any thrust was made at the shield, the sword's point was catched in It "and broken.” Another surprising mediaeval con trivance was an iron hat or helmet, vhich is described a-s having "two rowns, each with four pistols.” A volley of eight shots from an oppo nent's head piece must have been very disconcerting—probably to all parties ncerned. A curious mortar in the Tower of London "is square in front and has no less than nine separate bores. The eighteenth century was distinctly the epoch of sieges. The attack and lefensc of carefully fortified places was ■nrried out In the most methodical and patient manner. There were many inventions at that time especially applicable to the at tack and defense of fortified towns. The petard was much used. It con- isted of a bell shnped iron receptacle filled with powder and clamped down hlock of hard wood. It was In tended to he fixed to doors and gates for the purpose of blowing them in. Another device was the pot a feu or fire pot. whieh was a kind of hall or globular jar filled with old tarred rope, which was thrown upon the enemy’s ,-orks. to light them up at night and enable fire to he directed upon them. aded pistol barrels were attached to these to prevent any one from picking them up and extinguishing them. The pistol a reveille could ’ he set to ex plode a mine at a given hour. Modern Ideas Weird. But all said and done, we need not dive into the past to find extraordi nary ideas and weird warlike appli ances. Our modern inventors are quite capable of keeping up the sup ply. Leaving aside the steam guns, which were intended to spurt out streams of bullets after the fashion of a Maxim gun. which were invented by Perkins in 1874. by Vinans in the '60s. and the very similar compressed air gun patented by one Sturgeon in 1887. | none of which realized its inventor's | expectations, we can find plenty of extraordinary contrivances. The wire bullet proof screen behind which the soldier advancing to the at tack defies any projectile smaller than three-pounder is as far fetched an idea as anything produced in the mid dle ages. The reservoir helmet, a French scheme. Is about as quaint as anything we have noticed. The lower part of this eccentric headpiece forms a species of tank or reservoir, into which the water (and pipe clay?) drains from the upper surface of the helmet. The soldier's head is there fore kept cool in the tropics—though the weight may perhaps be rather try ing—and when athirst all he has to do is to remove his helmet and fill his cup from the tap at the back. One of the most important qualifica tions of a good soldier is to be able to march well, but it Is doubtful whether the wearing of a pair of spring soled boots, such as a recent inventor the theater or opera.- After the return to the United States of Mr. and Mrs. Riggs, the latter be ing Miss Gilman’s sister, who chap eroned her during her tour of the Con tinent, Miss Gilman and her mother lived in a villa at St. Cloud, often mo toring into Paris. Miss Gilman’s sis ter. Cordelia, several months ago mar Tied Albert Thomas, the son of a clerk in a Paris real estate office. Mr. Corey has given Mr. Thomas employment with the United States Steel Corporation in Pittsburg. Re cently Mrs. Gilman and Miss Gilman came to Paris from St. Cloud and took a handsome apartmeXt at the Etoile Paris Cable to the New York World. Miss Bahelle Gilman is occupying the Chateau Villegenisse. which Prince Je rome Bonaparte once owned, where he lived and where Napoleon III. visited often. The estate is by far the finest within 50 miles of Paris. It is at La Ver riere. about 40 minutes from Paris by railroad, celebrated for its magnificent forest, which reaches nearlv to Ver sailles. At the chateau Miss Gilman is well guarded from the curious. An immense wall surrounds the park, an avenue, whose j entrance is closed by great iron gates, stretches from there for half a mile to the chateau. Besides. Miss Gilman is su*- | rounded by a formidable barrier of serv- ants, not one of whom will as much as j take a card of a visitor unless she has | given orders to admit him: Her colored speedily be overcome when they are I suggested, would add many mile? to t?:e found to be as quaint and interesting i dav's march. These "seven-league ... . ,,, . . —.. „ — league morality plays like Everyman. boots" have an outer sole, which is piv- The Chester miracle plays were origin- | 0 t e j to the one made on the boot just ally enacted in double roomed theaters j beloiv the ball of the foot. A strong oti wheels, which could be drawn from ] spjpa] spring is fitted between the two one street to another. The monks and | the heel. To see a whole regiment maid from America condescends to make this explanation: “When we came here In September. Miss Gilman gave me this warning: " 'Here, as in Paris, no one is to be ad mitted to me without my express orders.’ “Miss Gilman shuns newspaper men, especially.'' The chateau is a huge, square building which is not attractive at the moment, for it is being turned upside down by some 50 workingmen, who are restoring and repairing It. They now occupy the whose front of the chateau. The owners and other inhabitants are living in the south and west wings, parts of which have been made ready for occu pancy and are most richly furnished. Sev eral apartments arc furnished in antique oak. and the shape of their windows, their stalls of carved wood and their bronze candelabra, lend them a certain church-like appearance. One saloon is called the "Persian room” and is a mar vel of Oriental furnishings, filled with the rarest rugs, mosaics, inlaid tables, and embroidered silk hangings. Very old. ivory-grown trees make up the wo.vled park around the chateau. Half a dozen other ancient groves dot the vast meadows, through which are cut broad, smooth roads, most Inviting to any motorist. On the splendid estate are lakes and fish ponds, a winter garden of perennial shrubs and hothouses filled with ] rare flowers. Here and there in the ! grounds stand Greek statues and old bronzes. A landscape architect and his I assistants are transplanting trees and j locating carved stone benches where their i occupants will enjoy the choicest shade I and the most picturesque views: I Even the servants are housed like I princes. Their quarters, near the chateau. ■ with the stables and garages, make up a j respectable village. The buildings form a | great square, whose inner courts are en- | terod through a series of noble arches, i moss-covered. I The whose estate gives a listing im- j pression of beauty, age, and spacious ness. i A queer old hamlet, that boasts one j street, struggles up to the chateau gate. The gossips of this hamlet say that Miss Gilman herself engaged the chateau..The I agent of the owners had not the honor to know her. hut was impressed by her per- I feet unconcern about the cost of anything. So he ventured to ask differentially, who would guarantee this, that and the othq* expenditure she ordered. “Mr. William Ellis Corey, president of the United States Steel Corporation.” she answered. The gossips of the hamlet say. too. they rarely see the new mistress of tht chateau. They add plainly, without the slightest authority: “She will be married In the spring to the wealthy monsieur who has been at the chateau for the last ton days. We catch a glimnse of them together in an auto, now and then." Mr. and Mrs. Gould is widely discussed by those who know them, as it is thought it will alter the position which members of Mr. Gould's family have taken with regard to him and his do mestic affairs. The Countess de Cas- tellane. his sister, is the only one who has entertained Mrs. Howard . Gould. The other members of the house—Mr. and Mrs. George Gould. Miss Helen Gould and Mr. and Mrs. Edwin Gould— have never been on intimate terms with their brother's wife. Neither has Frank Gould, who is now on a cruise.of sev eral months on the Nile. Mrs. Frank Gould did not accompany her husband, Mr. Gould is the second son of Jav rious financial and. commercial enter prises and has offices in the "Western Union building. Reports were in cir culation for several years after he had attained his majority concerning his engagement to this or that well known actress. He was engaged In 1897 to Miss y I up Gould. He has been interested in va- itreatise falls prostrate: not the fire of sort. But Byron, who knew how well he was armed, could retort at once with “The English Fords and Scotch Re viewers," and straightway the heavy pleasantries of the Edinburgh Review seemed as of lead. Of course, there are controversies which are not of lit erature, and the far wittier “Don Juan” itself could not disarm the re sentment of England’s ten-pound householders. But think in another connection of Heine's account of the genesis of the “Kritik. der praktischen Vernunft”—that it was written purely and simply to keep Lamne (Kant’s man-servant, the immutable Lampe) to his duties. At once Kant’s hundred .dialecticians could have so instantaneous an effect. So it ;'S with Carlyle. ‘Respect ability with its thousand gigs.” Murger and all the scribblers of the quartier have not dealth so heavy a blow at burgesshood —with which, after all, Carlyle was in tolerably close agreement on many Katherine Clemmons, who had been on I points. ' For, of course, there is this the stage. Miss Clemmons was from j drawback to victorious wit—that, like San Francisco. She was well known a bomb, it often carries much farther in London, where she had a theatrical J than the maker intended, and d#es not engagement. She also starred at the j always explode at the most opportune head of her owp^company in this city moment. for a brief period". She and Mr. Gould were married in January, 1898, in the Holland House, where .she had been re siding. Under the provisions of the will of Jay Gould, a • son or daughter whose marriage was displeasing to the other membersi of the family might be de- HYPNOTIC CONCERT. From the New York American. Many, prominent persons interested in psychical research, including Mrs. Henry Siegel, made up part of the au dience gathered in the Bowrey Mission lr ‘i Ia T' y De . “ e - | last night and heard Miss Edna Mur- prf ved of his or her share in the estate: ^ a s vmln , protegee of Mrs. Siegel, but, although his marriage did. not meet their approval, the kin of Howard Gouid did not enforce the clause against him. Mrs. Gould has had fre quent disagreements with tradesmen and has been the defendant in many suits for hats, gowns and pictures. She always has made a vigorous defense. Selling Flesh and Blood. The Louisville" drummer had been reading the political news and, after making a few Incongruous remarks on sectional differences Ana other things not germane to the issue, he turned to the drummer from Maine selling spruce glim by the carload to make gum shoes out of, says Judge. • ‘Did you—or. any of you Yankees— know that thej’ are still • selling ’nig gers' down South?” he asked. 'No, we don't know it, because it ;is not so,” replied the spruce-gum drum mer. Well. I say" yes,” insisted the first speaker. “I saw a" man in a Kentucky town not two weeks ago sell a colored boy.” ”Oome off," protested the Maine man. ”1 tell you I did.” the other persist ed. “And that .is not all,” he contin ued, with confidence: ”1 made inquiry and he has been doing it right along for ten years. I reckon he must have sold a dozen or two ‘niggers’ in that time. Maybe more.” This sort of testimony was having its effect, and the Maine man became more interested. “Tell me about it," he said. “I have a brother who runs a Republican newspaper, and I’ll give the facts to him ar.d let him work them up. into campaign material.” “Weil.” and- the Louisville drummer drew his chair up close and became very confidential, “the man’s name is Jenkins, and he Is a coal dealer. He has darky drivers for his carts, and I’ll be blamed if he doesn't sell half of one of those drivers every time he sells a load of coal, and he has been doing it, as I have said, for ten years.” The Maine man pushed . back his dhair and scorned to make reply. EDWARD’S low a King CHRISTMAS GIVONG. Relatives and clergy had the first view at the cathe dral gates; the Mayor and the Aider- men were the second audience at the City Cross: and the theater trucks moved on from one open space to an other for the benefit of the expectant throngs until the circuit of the walls bad been rounded out. For three days there was a religious carnival, with a series of moving pageants with mediaeval actors. As time went on the wheels were taken off and the miracles were exhibited at onen air fetes; and even as late as the six teenth century, when secular drama was flourishing In London, the o!d re ligions plays .went on at Chester ns complete cycles. The revival of these 'primitive dramas at Chester mav be followed by similar pageants at other cathedral towns. York had Its mystern charging a position wearing these boots and bounding over the ground like kangaroos or wallabvs. would in deed be a remarkable sight. Another remarkable invention Is a cannon that takes completely to pieces. It consists of a series of strong steel rings which fit over the inner tube, which is. of course, rifled internally. Externally it tapers slightly, so that it is bigger and thicker at the breech end. The rings slide down on this tube in their prope* order, the cen tral ones having projections to form the trunnions of the pieoe. and are screwed tight up by means of our rods and nuts fitting Into a massive framework at either end of the gun. The rear one of these carries the breech closing mechanism. Invisihilitv has been pretty well se- No Whips for These Horses. From the New York Press “Where’s your whip?" asked the woman who suffers from chronic headache over the abuse of horses of tills city. “Don’t need one.” replied the driver, who was resting a splendid pair of horses after a hard pull. "Do you mean to say that you can manage those horses and that heavy load without using a whip?" "I guess I ought to know how to man age ’em when I've driven ’em for nine month." boasted the bright-faced fellow. "But I couldn’t use a whip if I wanted to.” he added proudly; "you don’t need whins on our teams." Thirteen such horses work dally from 7:30 to 4:30 on the Riverside Drive exten sion. They are all well feq. well groomed, never overdriven, never beaten and com fortably stabled in immaculate stalls at night. Their owners believe that consid erate treatment of animals is not only decent, hut that it is goad policy. They have lost nnlv one horse in two" vears. The horse* are. as a rule, of the best Canadian breeds, costing each from $730 to $900. The contractors who own and use them believe that their own business interests are better subserved by buving the best animals, giving them the best of treatment, good food in plenty, short hours and human driver*. Resembles Friends. From the Philadelphia North American. You have wondered perhaps how a King remembers his relatives and friends at Christmas—for a mightv ruler has his circle of personal and' intimate friends just as anyone else has. Naturally, how ever, gifts made by royalty are more ex pensive as a rule than those exchanged in humbler circles. It is said that King Edward and Queen Alexandra of England spend between $20,000 and $25,000 each year upon their Christmas purchases. In order to remember their personal friends with a suitable souvenir of the season, each requires between 80 and 100 gifts. As these usually take the form of jewelry, the cost is heavy. It is nothing unusual several days or a week before Christmas to see the'king and Qucc-.. paying quiet visits to the stores in Bond 'and Regent streets. Lon don. They like to mingle with the holi day shoppers and to select their presents just as other persons do. "When time and pressing engagements do not permit this, the "West End shop keepers send samples of their goods to the royal palace, and from these the King and Queen make their selections In choosing Christmas gifts. Their Maj tipc a T*A nlvflve rarofnl In mnl^ _ Jji i** 16 °f Corpus Christ!. ; curod by the invention of smokeless and Ournam. Lincoln. Ely and Cantor- j powder and now inventors are trying ljurjr were not without mediaeval re- | to do away with the noise of the ex- llflous drama. nlosion into the bargain. This was ef- COLUMBUS. Ga-. Jan. 5.—Edward Kite, ared twenty-six years, died yes terday at his home on upper Second avenue. k esties are always careful to make each one appropriate to its intended recipient. Jewelry is the King's most frequent choice, but he also gives awav snuff boxes smokers’ requisites and walking sticks "With each gift it is the King’s usual custom to send a little note of greeting instead of a private Christmas card, and needless to say. the former is more valued by the recipient than the latter would b° This practice Is also followed by Queen Alexandra. In addition to jeweled trinkets, however a common gift from the Queen to personal friend* is a photograph of some favorite scene or pet. taken hv the Queen herself daintily mounted an q framed, with the royal monogram “A." surmounted hv a crown, on the frame. Not only do the royal pair send tokens of rememberance to relatives and favor ite friends at home and abroad, but thev present a Ynletide gi't to every member of th.eir household, which is an" extensive one Queen Alexandra often follows the oue- tom of Queen Victoria, whose b a bft it was to present dress roods, shawls, et-.. t n female tr.emb-rs of the royal household. King Edward, too. sometimes includes pairs of good slipners among his Christ! mas gifts for male servants, but cigar- ray,- a young protegee of Mrs. Siegel, ! make her first appearance hero in a remarkable series of songs under the influence of hypnotic suggestion. The young woman is of medium stature and good physique, and her natural voice would 'be soprano or contralto; but in the hypnotic state she sang in a robust barytone, with a powerful t6ne and volume that few barytones on the operatic stage could attain, and'seemingly without effort. The performance was more notable for the fact that Miss Murray accom panied herself on the piano, and her body was not in the best condition to put'the" full strength into her singing. . It was almost impossible to believe that it was the young woman at the piano who was singing; but Miss Mur ray, at her mother's suggestion, turned her face to the audience while singing, and the rich, rolling tones came from her throat as easily as if she were humming to herself some simple air. To make the concert enjoyable to the main part of the audience, which had drifted into the meeting from the Eowery, Miss Murray sang old and familiar songs, and the low notes in "My Old Kentucky Home” were espec ially effective, and showed the good range of the singer's voice under hypnotic suggestion. Dr. Gustave A. Gayer, “criminologist and suggestionist,” whose hypnotic demonstrations have been attended by Mrs. Siegel and other prominet society women and those interested in psychi cal research, was in charge of the con cert, but made the suggestions of hyp notic passes, as he explained that Miss Murray has reached that point near ex cellence where such aid is unnecessary. She hypnotizes herself by auto-sugges tion, and sings while under that influ ence. “It is not more than eighteen months since my voice first possessed this qual ity,” said Miss Murray. “Then I heard the singing of a young man which I very much admired. I longed to be able to sing with him, and determined, as it were, that I should. Imagine my surprise the next time I sang to find my voice possessed of the same mascu line qualities which it has since retain ed. The only explanation I can give is that which Dr. Gayer advances—that I hypnotized myself into the feat by self-sugestion and determination, which is known by hypnotists as auto- sug gestion.” The discovery of her powers was made in Fort Worth, Texas, where Miss Murray was then living. In New York she was brought to the attention of Dr. Gayer, who has been using his powers in an endeavor to bring her to a still higher standard of perfection. She has been a subject of interest to many of the prominent physicians in the city. Dr. Gayer pronounces her an unusual hypnotic subject. Miss Murray intends to go to Eu rope to complete her musical education. She says she has no intention of going on the stage, but will probably appear often at society concerts on her re turn. important cases will be tried. There j is considerable business before the ! court, ar.d it is probable that the ses- ■ sion will las: throughout the week. Following is a full text of Judge j Emory Speer’s charge to .he grand jury:* I Judge Spoor's Charge to Jury. | Sir. Foremn and Gentlemen of the I Grand Jury: This. I believe, is the first session of a United States Court, j of which histcry affords an account, to j convene in this charming city. Albany, | The Goddess of Justice, a deity who we all know presides on such occasions j —blind-as she is—will not fail to dis- , cover in the presence of this tribunal j an augmentation in the hope and con- j fldence of Southern people in the ; courts of the -United States. There ; may be some, whose optical powers in ; this respect do not equal those of the blind deity aforesaid. They be long. perhaps, to that class mentioned in the adage, “none so blind as those j who will not see.” It is evident ) enough to those capable of discernment j that this is peculiarly a court of 1 Dougherty and the other five counties j j composing the Albany division. The court and its officers wore in no j 1 sense obtrusive. Through the invita- ; c tion of our distinguished Representa- | 11 tives and Senators in Congress, the | United States Government has made I you a gift of two of its courts. A | proverb, said to be as old as the fourth century, declares that "no man ought to look a given horse in the mouth.” May we not. therefore, invoke in your generous judgments the familiar verse, “Be to our faults a little blind, And to our virtues very kind.” On the whole I do not doubt tnat the establishment of the Circuit and Dis trict Courts at Albany will not be wholly valueless to your people. When I speak of “courts,” it is impersonally. Said that illustrious American lawyer, the late Edward J. Phelps: “Judges will he appointed, and will pass away. One generation rapidly succeeds another. But whoever comes and whoever goes, the court remains. Strong in its traditions, consecrated by its memories, fortified in the steadfast support of the profession that sur rounds it, anchored in the abiding trust of its countrymen, it will go on— and still go on. Keeping alive through many a century that we shall not see. the light that burns w>th constant ra diance upon the high altar of American constitutional justice.” The jurisdiction of the United States courts has for its foundation a few terse words. In that great in strument of organic law which was the agonized people of a city, whose homes liave be:n crumbled by the up heaval of the earthquake, or by the horrid path of the conflagration, all is traceable to that source of Govern mental authority forever residing in the implied powers ef the Constitution. I have given you a brief illustration of the character of the law? which may be administered in the courts of the United States. All of this is doubtless familiar to you. but since this is the first United Fiates Court ever held i:i this large and important section o? our SFate. I have deemed it appropriate to say this much. I The functions of the grand jury in | this court ire in effect the same as in I the State courts, with whieh you are I doubtless familiar. Article five of the ! Constitution provides that "no person ; shall he held to answer for a capital ! or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or Indictment of a : grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the mi- : iitia, when in actual service in time of I war or public danger. Infamous I crimes in our State are all which may ; be punished by imprisonment In the I penitentiary. It follows that very few i crimes can be punished save by the ;ion of a grand jury. You observe that from the lan guage T have read you, this does not-i applv to cases arising in the land orr naval forces. This means, of course, the army and the navy. A different method of punishment it is possible may be inflicted by the President, who is the commander-in-chief, if the crime be committed by members of the land or naval forces. He might, perhaps, in such a case imitate the example of Washington, when in command of the patriot forces at Long Island. The “Connecticut Llgiit Horse," on having been re quested to mount guard like other sol diers grew restless and uneasy. They protested that they were expressly ex* emoted from staying in garrison, or doing dutv on foot apart from their horses. Washington disposed of the matter in the following note: “To the Colonel and Field Officers: “Gentlemen: In answer to yours of this date, I can only repeat to you what I said last night, nnd that Is. if your men think themselves exempt from the common duty of a soldier, will not mount guard, do garrison duty, separate from their horses, they can no longer be of any use here, where horses cannot be brought into action, and T do not care how soon they are dismissed ” The patriot did not spell the word “dlsmist,” as would our present Ev- framed at Philadelphia in the year j ecu tj ve bu t the order “got there” just 1787, by those illustrious men of our ' the same. Pfinre it is true that the law in crim inal cases of ipiportance is inonerafiv# and, helpless without your action, it is not difficult to perceive the import* ance, the dignity, the usefulness to your fellow-men, which is concentered in your body. It is a time-honored body, traceable to the tribal bond of vast and invaluable measures of leg- j f be Anglo-Saxons, which had Its ex- islation for the welfare of all. The | j s tence on the wind-swept peninsula tribes of Israel, who at Sinai gathered ; jutting into the North Sea, which was at the feet of Moses, knew as much "f be p r j mev al home of our conquering of the practical application of steam i race and electricity as did Washington and i ^ tyashington or a Lee would as Hamilton, Franklin and Madison, and | soon listen to suggestions of treason race, who, having achieved American independence, were now entrusted with the duty of perpetuating liberty for the American people. There are many clauses of the or ganic law, which these men designed, which have in the development of 4he nation become highly productive of A Thanksgiving Failure. From the Hardeman Free Press. We didn’t have much of a Thanks giving this year. Some of our alleged admirers who air skates of the deepest dye sent us what looked like a dressed turkey and a bottle of lieker. We didn’t find out until we had eat up the bird and drunk up the lieker that we had eat a crow and drunk a bottle of bay rum. We acted so queer after ward that -they sent us to the assylum, where we air now convalessening. TATTLE OF THE TOTS. Little Elsie—Mama, does a eocoanut have milk in it? Mama—Yes. dear. Little Elsie—How do they milk ft? Little Edna—Mama is making me a changeable silk dress. Little Eva—Huh. that’s nothing.' All my clothes are changeable. Mama—Now, Johnny, when you di vide your oranges with your little sis ter ask her to have the larger piece. Small Johnny—Oh. fudge! What's the use of asking her? “Now Harry." said the hostess to a small guest, "you must not stop on their compatriots who framed the Con stitution. Yet it is true that the terse phraseology of our organic law has amply authorized all the legislation necessary to the exigencies of public and private risrhts, which have sprung from the use of those mysterious pow ers of nature. Take, for instance, an isolated power granted to Congress by the Constitution. It reads, "to regu late commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian, tribes.” This is the basis of all the national legislation and jurisprudence to regulate the trans portation of these incalculable values produced by the energies of the farm ing and manufacturing population of the American people. It has been urged with unbroken continuity by one school of political thought that such legislation, not having been expressly authorized by the Constitution. Is be yond the power of Congress. It is ob servable, however, that when the time comes, these nolltica] philosophers— good Americans all—usually vote for the exercise of the power. There seemed great unanimity in sentiment on both sides of the House of Representatives in support cf the famous measure of the present Con gress, denouncing rebates and other forms of partiality to shippers, , and giving to the Interstate’ Commerce Commission the power to fix renSnn- able rates, yet there is not a syllable of the organic law which in express terms authorizes such legislation. But the doctrine is universally applied to all instruments of writing that “what is implied is as much a part of the instrument as what is expressed.” I ouote the language of the Supreme Court. A Constitution is to govern ment what the skeleton of the bodv is to noble manhood. The laws which are enacted In pursuance of the Con stitution are the vitalizing powers of the Government, which clothe the skel eton with life and beauty. Besides, by the express terms of the Constitution, Congress is given authority "to pa,sA all laws necessarv and proper to carhv into execution the powers expressly granted, and all other powers vested in the Government, or any branch of it, by the Constitution.” Tt may be said that a vast proportion of the laws, with the enforcement of which the juries and grand juries of the United State? courts are vested, originate through the exercise by Congress of those implied powers whieh are abso lutely necessary to the value and util ity of the powers expressly granted. For Instance, “We note,” said the Su preme Court of the United States, "no express authority to pass laws to pun ish theft or burglary of the Treasury of the United States. Is there, there fore. no power in Congress to protect the Treasury by punishing such theft and burglary? Are the mails of the United States, and money carried in them, to be left to the mercy of rob bers and of thieves who may handle the mail, because the Constitution con tains no express words of power in Congress to enact laws for the pun ishment of those offenses? The prin ciple, if sound, would abolish the en tire criminal jurisdiction of the courts of the United States, and the laws which confer that jurisdiction.” To deny these powers would be to sweep from the statute books the entire crim inal jurisdiction of the United States courts. Blot from the American Con stitution the doctrine of implied pow ers. and the fame of our jurisprudence would wither and perish like the prophet's gourd. The public buildings which house ottr officials and protect our records, the forts and baigeries on our bounda ries. the lighthouses whieh guide the mariner, 'those granitic wails of the great locks on the Great Lake?, through whose portals float in safety tonnage greater and more profitable grand juryman to insinuations of favoritism. In his fearless defence of the rights of the people. like Da’ifd Crockett, he should remember his aphorism: “Be sure you are right, then go ahead.” And in heroic pursuance of duty, also like that hero American, swerveless and unyielding, he should stand his ground. The Spartan at Thermopylae had one messenger of defeat: the American at the Alamo had none. Patriots of peace are the jurors of these United States, and especially these Southern States. To their la bors, their countrymen must look with largest confidence to the solving of alt our problems. If they fail, also in the end will fail the fairest scheme of pop* ula£ government designed by man. NOTICE'TO SUBSCRIBERS. Examine label on your pa per. It tells how you stand on tbe hooks. Due from date on the label. Send in dues and also renew for the year 1907. the way. but go straight home “I can't." protested the little fellow, j than that which rides o'er the waves A Remarkable Performance of Parsifal at Bayenreuth. From “Reminiscences of a Long Life.” by Carl Schurz in the December McClure's. When the audience was assembled in the severely plain building, and the lights were turned down, an almost 'startling silence fell upon the house. The multi tude held its breath in reverential ex pectation. Then came the solemn tones of the orchestra, floating up from the depth of its mysterious concealment. Then the parting of the curtain revealed the scene of the sacred lake. The suffering Amfortes entered with his companions of the Holy Grail, and the mystic action, as it unroiled itself, the appearance of the youthful Parsifal, and the killing of the sacred swan, all wrapt in majestic har monies, held our hearts spellbound. But ali this was but a feeble prelude to what followed. The changing scene becama gradually developed in darkness, made mole mysterious by the swinging peals of mighty cathedral bells. As by magic, . the great temple hall of the Castle of the’' Holy Grail was before us, flooded with light. And then, when the knights of the Grail marched down its aisles and took their seats, and the blond-locked pages fair a? angris. and the king of the Grail appeared, bearing the miraculous cup, and the chorus of the boys came stream- ng down from the lofty height of the Cupola—th<>n. I have to confess, tears trickled down my face, for I now beheld something like what I had imagined Heaven to be when I was a child. You may call this extravagant lan guage. But a large portion, if not a ma jority of the audience, was evidently overwhelmed by tho same emotions. When, after the close of the act, the cur tain swept together, and the lights in the audience-room flashed out again, I saw hundreds of handkerchiefs busy wiping moistened cheeks. There was not the slightest attempt at demonstration of ap plause. The assembled multitude rose in perfect silence and sought the doors. In the little eompanv of friends whef were with me. not a word was spoken. We only pressed one another's bands as we went out. In the row behind us sat Coquelin. the great French comedian. He walked out immediately in front of me His face wore an expression of pro found seriousness. When he reached the open door I heard one of his companions ask him how he liked the performance. Coouelin did not answer a word, but turned from his friend and walked away silent and alone. Between the first and the second acts, according to custom, we took dinner at one of the resturants near-by. Not one of us had recovered himself sufficiently to be fit for table talk. We sit' there almost en tirely speechless during the whole repast. J T.AMPTOX. Miss., Jan. 6 —B. L. ®»7tl- berry was shot and probably ITAally wounded late last night by two fnen who then robbed him. The rohhjr* were frightened away by a negro before their work was completed. Citizen; for miles around formed a posse and are looking for the men. threatening to lynch them. i'/ ’’J live around the corner. 1 COLUMBUS. Ga.. Jan. 5.—Miss Lil’a Pearl Mehaffey, a popular young lady of Phenix City. Ala., has passed away. St the ocean, the stupendous work at ! after a long illness. IINDISTINCT PRINT i