Newspaper Page Text
TUESDAY, JANUARY 14, 1907.
THE TWICE-A-WEEK TELEGRAPH
B
This is a White
Man's Country
negro right?. He gave recognition to
Ko.k-'- Wishing’.".> :n a social way.
it knowing he -.vas (lying in
i I! ions of Southern v.hitf ;nen
ns: the same feeling c>f two-
• three-fourths of the North-
Tillinan’s Slogan, Rut J umps
on Roosevelt lor Treat
ment of Negroes
He did
the f.ire
cnteen rr
and a gal
thirds ..1
ern pool
thi
He
n'-rr-
the
cha
ep ard
voiced,
first in
WASHINGTON',
ate listened to a del a
question today In v.ni<
12.—The Sen-
r -r kep:
rstand
char-
male
e. and
to ad-
>n has
on of r"-
car.not be
ed by the reading by Mr. Patterson of
extracts from a recent lecture by Mr.
Tillman, in which the educational and
understanding clause of the Constitu
tion of his State were explained, to
operate to bar negroes from voting.
Mr. Ti im;.n slid there was nothing
in what had been set forth justifying
force and. murder. So far as he was
concerned, he did not care whether the
people of Colorado liked the process or
not. As this ’aw was said to have
been borrowed front Mississippi, Sena
tor Money explained that it was not
the educational lause. hut the failure
"f negro to pay poll tax in Missis-
br.rred hint from the
ter
siderable
of -tkiile
the finished
More -.ha
from Great
third of tk<
amount aclied :n :
1 labor, since they
state as cut diarr
t half of thos
in and :
m Beigiu
Rr:
imported
nr one-
come to
Mi
wh:
Patt
inued, insisting
? the
Patt
P'lnenl,
< -rilrast
N' .rih on
Pre side
R: ownsvi
discuss!"
nothing •
r.lte q U e
admlnlMt
gi owing
thl
principal p.
son, or Co!
brought
qu. stion.
t Koo
e matter was
Mr. Tiilmn
as involved In
tlon, and th.i
4ion was r
ij ant
ubje
t r-fi
on-
in the n ar fut
; ef oi
peop:
America in the uncut state.
Recently artificial emeralds and
sapphires have appeared in this coun
try. It is said that they are the same
in properties and coir.positi.-n ns the
raturn! stoma and some jewellers fear
that the artificial stones, wh- n they
become mor- plentiful and cheaper to
make, will injure the trade in n rural
emeralds and sapphirss. indr i. in
titn-k they will probably cost not more
than half as much as the natural jew
el.- and they can hardly be said to be
i cigars has resulted in increasing the
value of products of the weed brought
into this country from $1$.703.942 !n
list)? to S26.S9il.70tf in 1956. The de
mand for opium f >r smoking has m arly
doubled, t!.. 1 figures rising from $735.-
134 to si.296.S39. while the dema:-!*! for
Perfumeries, too. have
$657,302 to $1,054,426.
Switzerland, France.
Great Britain got most of
sent abroad for cat
and embroideries, tin
land being the larg
WHAT WILL BE TAUGHT IN
AGRICULTURAL SCHOOLS
l 000
Germany and
over
poiriP
ion
T’ncle Sam
be-
, ital
cut
ndi
situation In (he S..utl.
h<- maintainor!, had en
pro to assert hi:- eq
had wrought venge.n
b.-.t ballon for r.illowinc
ni' nt He condemn' 'I
ai tlon In b"th respect!
Mr P.itr.rs-o.n rb-f.jn
for
unde
rith a v.
battle
the
rn It
mti
ind
col
rl 1 sm i s
might
t lie
tr<
n his
uthor
He .on i
ie regard!
Mr. Tiiiii
tin, tlon of
North w,
•f such ta
debate oi
lman rem;
pquv with Senator
position as to the
r under the articles
rge the Soldiers. Mr.
d that none of the
ed would return to
Siznders Hie Ow" People,
ie of them,” he continued, “that
:s sergeant, Mingo Sanders, comes
South Carolina. I would like to
Mingo nnd shake his hand, but
not going- back to South Carolina
iw that he is coming.”
Interjected Senator For-
"W’liy not?’
alter.
for
Villr
der Indictment.’’ he
dent of the United 9
rut.ir is well as the
array of counsel fo
prosecution i- n>'l
far as their names
the record there is
eonerulty and of tl
instance, as attorney
ecutlon we have :he
rtain
lid.
i t lie
hied a
I men
re un-
Presl-
Thi
“T
Itates is t
executio:
r the defense and
yet complete. So
have appeared on
an "lemeni of In-
e ridiculous. For
-s aiding the pros-
•listintrtiished Sen
ator from Texas (Mr. Culberson), a
Tie morrat: the distinguished Senator
from Massachusetts (Mr. Lo dee), a
Republican: the dlsticgiii«hed Senator
from Virginia (Mr. Daniel), a Demo-
era f
Hard on the Defense.
“And fur the defense, if it shall be so
considered, wiien I get through. T will
be put in tile Record as aiding tin-
distinguished Senator from Ohio (Mr.
Forekerl. Of course, being nothing
mere than a cornfield lawyer, my con
tribution to the legal discuss 1 ,n"of the
question will ho very limited: proba
bly comparatively worthless.
“My colleague and brother attorney
(Mr. Fnraker) himself realizes that so
far as legal assistance wilt go. he will
get little or no aid from me. and thus
far I do not think ho needs any.
“Rut tlie ridiculousness of the situa
tion Is again apparent when one con
siders that the Senator from the North,
■who by reason of his radical nnd ag
gressive utterances nnd pro’-ably ac
tions In the |i.ist once acquired the
name of "Fire Alarm,” finds himself
aligned with that Senator from the
Poukh (Mr. Tillman himself), who is
-usually supposed to have a broiled
negro for breakfast (laughter): who is
known to justify- lynching tor rape, and
whose attitude, if not til:" of hatred
to the negro ; s a feeling akin to it. in
tin- belief t : white men are ma le of
better eta; and tlmt white men alone
ate entitled to participate in Govern
ment. And so this alliance is an odd
one.”
Declaring that President Roosevelt
was more responsible “than any oth 'i-
man.” Mr. Tillman read from order No.
29. issued by the War Department Feb
ruary 9. 19C.fi, and signed by the Presi
dent as follows:
“The uniform of the enlisted man : s
a badge of honor. It entitles him to
peculiar consideration, it shows that in
the great majority of cases he has
learn,-.1 those habits of self-command,
of self-restraint, of obedience and of
fearlessness in tin; face of danger,
which put him above most of his fel
lows who have not poss,--s,-d similar |
privileges. To strive to di> riminate
against him in any way is lit- rally an
Infamy—for it is in reality on? of the :
serious offenses which can he mmlt- I
ted against the stability and greatness
of our nation.”
“That is the milk in the cocoanut.” :
ejaculated Mr. Tillman, who said it was
this “sort of stuff” 'hat put int • the :
heads of the negro soldier that he was
entitled to demand social equably.
Different With White Soldiers.
At tills point Mr. Tillman was inter
rupted for the firs: time. Senator i
Nelson asked: “Would you deny tiiosc
privileges to white soldiers?”
“I will go ns far .is any man in
giving white men. either soldiers or
citizens, their rights." answered Mr.
Tillman.
“Why should not the colored soldier,
tf he conducts himself as a white sol
dier. have the same consideration?”
persisted Mr. Nelson.
"For the simple reason that God Al
mighty made him colored. He did not
make him white." retorted Mr. Tillman,
who added that caste feeling was uni
versal: that it pulsated in tli-■ bosom
of tl.o Senator from Minnesota (Mr.
Nelson).
Mr. Tillman characterized the Pres
ident’s action in the Br.nvr.-ville af
fair "as nothing more or b? ; than
lynching." He challenged any one to
produce in the army regulations or ar
ticles .if war any foundation for the
charge of conspiracy of silence, mutiny
and treason made against the sold:- :■>.
although he declared there was no
doubt that the soldiers were respon
sible for the “outrage at Brownsville."
Mr. TMltnan held !t was contrary to
the fundamental principle? of libettv
of English nnd American law that the
innocent should suffer because of the
sins of tile guilty." also he declared
that a man shall be considered inno
cent un-til he is proved guiltv.
“In thi* case" he said. "167 men
have been punished while not more
than twenty have be?n charged with
participation in the crime.”
“It is u'eless to deny that the race
question lies at the bottom of ill this.
It Is equally useless to say that these
t.-ooos were discharged because they
were negroes. If the negroes had been
treated the same way as white regu
lars were treated at Athens. Ohio, th?
civil au-thoritie- would have arrested
those believed to he gpi'tv and the
matter would have been decided in the
courts. That instant the War Depart
ment defended the regulars, although
they had comm!-: ted murder and it
was declared the troops were the wards
of tfce nation, a very proper and right
position to take.
Race Question at Bottom..
“The whole issue involved Is one of
race, and the President is primarily
more responsible than any other man
"Because the suspicion might pre
vail as in who really did the killing,
and it would make it unhealthy for him
there. I wish it was not so, but I can”t
'n ip i(. If he had been discharged
honorably he could have come down
there and been the biggest nfan at ne
gro campmectings and received respect
ful treatment from the whites.
'What would probably happen to
himpersist' rt Mr. Forak' r.
“Oh,” ejaculated Mr. Tillman, with
the evidence of impatience, "I .am- JO-,
j ing t .i discuss the race question direct
ly”, and as the evidence of amusement
at hi.-- retort subsided, he added. “Don’t
you. fret. 1 am going to get -ight down
to th? milk in the cocoanut. but I don’t
want ti. tire alarm’ to go off until the
boll rings." (Laughter.)
Senator Tillman convulsed the gal
leries and amused many Senators a
minute later by illustrating the dis-
crlmfnatlon between the races in Wash
ington.
"Negroes are not allowed to drink
at al! the bars in Washington, as you
all know,” he said. . The last three
words were given especial emphasis
| and the Senator waved his hand to in-
j elude the whole senate.
Had It in Writing.
! Mr. Tillman said there were some
. times when he wished to be dispas-
j sionate and deliberate and he had pre-
; pared in writing his discussion of the
, race question and would read it. The
war had settled the question of slav
ery and also the question of whether
we \vi re to be a confederation or a
- nation. We were, he said, a nation
with a big "N”, but the southern half
of the country had no conception of the
word "nation" except as it is connect-
1 ed with tlie word “nigger”—"and more’s
I tlie pity."
To a question from Senator Bever-
I idge that a remedy be suggested, Mr.
I Tillman declined to enter into that
, phase of the discussion. He said he
had arisen from a sick bed to speak,
and to follow the suggestion of the
question would involve another two
| hours’ speech. It had simply been his
; object to point out that the people of
' the South were on the cr- st of a vol-
; cano. and confronted with a situation
i of which the North had no conception.
As to tite Brownsville matter, he stood I
| on the proposition that tite innocent
I ought not to be punished because
; then; were some guilty. “And I think
tite President has made some very
grave blunders in dealing with this
subject.”
Patterson Says It is Legal.
Senator Patterson followed Mr. Till
man. announcing his belief that the
President had the legal right to take
the action he had. hut he believed the
wisdom or propriety of that action
might be open to question. He had no
d ubt the President was moved from
the highest motives and asserted that
the censure by the Senator from South
Carolina that the President was moved
In- race pr judiee was unjust. He be
ll" vori the Booker Washington luncheon ,
disproved such a conclusion. Mr. Pat- j
terson gave as ins reason for speaking
that he did not. by his silence, wish to
tie held to endorse the sentiments of
.he race question just expressed. The
Senate in the next session, he said,
would have but two Democratic Sen
ators from the North, and it was his
belief that a short time in the future
would si-,- the present dividing line
completely drawn between the North
and the South. It was just such
spe.-cites as had been made, he main
tained. that would hasten this condi
tion. Mr. Tillman, he said, was not
alone in advocacy of repealing the
four'eenth and fifteenth amendments.
"Governor Vardanian, of Mississippi,
and Gov. Smith, of Georgia, had made
the same declarations, and there was
rapidly being organized a sentiment
•ward uniting the people of the North ;
and South is: the repeal of these con
stitutional provisions, and which would l
result in a practical return to peonage j
for the negro. Asserting that Mr. [
Patterson had never been in the "Black
belt” of Alabama or Mississippi. Air.
Tiilman suggested that it might be
well far him to go down there "and
in yyrrrathy with the views ex-
=.-tl; that the her. r element were
ledly against such methods, and
■i not believe the people of the
ii were catting a correct idea of
the rc 11 situation from the lectures de
livered in Northern cities bv prominent
Southerners.
Mr. Tillman took this reference to
apply to himself, and ass’erted that he
had spokc-n to a hur.drfd thousand
Northerners in his lecture and had re-
i • iveri applause and approbation. The
character of his audiences, he said, in
dicated that he was addressing the bet
tor element. He concluded his inter
ruption by Issuing a challenge to Sen
ator Patters. !i ; i debate til" ra >• ques-
i tlon with him in Colorado at any time
I or place. Mr. Patterson declined the
invitation to debate and said he only
wished to point out that both the peo-
: pie of the South and the Democrats of
the North had to bear the odium and
: burden, such utterances entailed. This
j drew a lint retort from Mr. Tiilman.
"So far.” In said, "as my own party is
■ concerned in the North, it is a shining
example of ward politicians, dirty low
creatures, who use every tactic and all
means to buy votes, that I don’t care
if we never have any of that type to
back us up. We have got no use for
| them.”
After the applause in the galleries
had died out and the Vice President
had warned the audience against ap
plause. Mr. Patterson remarked:
“I will not reply in any way to the
last utterance of the Senator from
South Carolina.”
Mr. Patterson then took up the sub
ject of criminal assaults and lynchings
and read statistics showing that there
had been seventy-three lynchings dur
ing tlie year 1906. Thirty-four of
these lynchings, he said, were for crim
inal assaults and this number did not
bear out the impression made preva
lent by the constant denunciation of
this crime, especially when it was re
alized that there were more than ten
million negroes in this country. He
believed a strict reliance on law would
in large part eradicate this crime.
Mr. Money called Mr. Patterson’s at
tention to the record of one case of
criminal assault in Colorado during the
year mentioned, for which a negro was
burned at the stake by a mob.
Mr. Patterson did not justify this,
but explained that it occurred in a
sparsely settled section of the State.
He endorsed the words of the Presi
dent In his annual message condemn
ing mob violence. Mr. Money again
interrupted to quote from memory a
statement in one of Mr. Roosevelt’s
books in which the President justified
the lynching of horse thieves in the
early days in Idaho. This reference
to Idaho brought Senator Heyburn
spurious.
[ Some years ago artificial or r con
structed rubies became a commercial
fae-or and. it is sr.id. affected :U .!•-
mand for natural
diamonds have be
‘ pean chemists, but none of a size su-ffi-
I.cleat to cause a demand for them.
, When the importat ; n of artificial
■ atones began, the customs officials
I placedv them under a 2D per cent duty
as "non-enuir,erated manufactures."
The. importers paid this duty under
! protest ttpd have appealed to the board
j of United States general appraisers,
| .assorting that the duty should be 10
i per cent, the rate for precious stones,
| cut or polished.
It is not so much to feave the amount
; of duty involved as the effect of a fa-
| vorite decision that the importers are
after. Considerable prestige would be
given the artificial articles through the
government classifying them as pre
cious stones.
In ten years the importations of cot
ton laces, embroideries and edgings in
creased from 310.S73.954 to $24,022,469.
Thirst for champagne and ability to
purchase it caused the value of the im
ported v.-ine to increase from $3,628,319
to $6,127,062.
Still a larger increase was made by
silk Paces. lihhons, etc.—from $3,13i -
479 rr, Sfi 99(1.642.
The taste for imported tobacco and
France, however, sell
nearly all his 94.500.COO of silks, laces
and embroideries.
From Germany. France ard Switzer
land comes the bulk of tbc ribbons im-
iew Artificial | port".-’, amounting to about $2.000.noo.
ade by Euro- Feathers, natural and artificial,
amounted to So.079.S06 in 1896 and to
S6.9SS.612 in 1906. Nearly $4,000,000
of this was frofn ostrich feathers
brought over from Great Britain, which
in turn had obtained them from South
Africa.
Of the artificial feathers, flowers,
leaves, fruits and similar decorations
for millinery creations, amounting to
about $3,000,000. Prince furnished two-
thirds and Germany most of the re
mainder.
France, too. supplied about 90 per
cent of the $6,000,000 worth of cham
pagne imported in 1906, most of the re
mainder coming from Great Britain
and Belgium.
Tobacco suitable for cigar wrappers
was imported to the amount of $6,000,-
000. This came from the Netherlands,
which country, however, is not a pro
ducer but a dealer, obtaining its sup
plies from its East Indian Island of
Sumatra.
Cuba sends into tlie United States
about $13 590.000 of the $16,000,000
worth of other tobacco imported nnd
Turkey supplies about $1,000,000 worth.
Nearly the entire $4,000,000 worth of
imported cigars comes from Cuba.
Ga„ Jan. 11.—Prof. Jos. A.
; submitted to Chancellor
irntan of a committee, ap-
iass on the curriculum for
industrial and agricultural
leoi-gia, his special rep.-rt
ct. Prof: Stewart’s report
folic
SENATOR
A LENGTHY STATEMENT
AUSTIN, Tex.. Jail.13.—Proposed |
Legislative investigation of thq alleged !
dealings of Senator Joseph Bailey with i
certain corporations, today occupied I
the time of the Texas Legislature! j
without bringing out a vote for or ■
.•(gainst such Investigation. It is even ’
doubtful whether a vote will be reached
before Tuesday on the resolutions- for
and against such an Investigation.
Those opposed to Bailey, say that
they are sure to get the investigation
desired by them, citing as proof of
this supremacy, the changes of de- I
fense on the part of Bailey’s friends, I
who today, offered as a substitute for
Afieir original resolution, n. proposal to
have a special committee to decide on
merits as to whether an investigation
should be held. When adjournment
was had tonight, but one side of the :
controversy had been presented. Rep
resentative Duncan, of Smith County, -
the leader of the forces opposed to
Bailey, was the only speaker today. I
investigate the conduct of a man whom
the State of Texas has honored, with
one of her senators-hips. 1 would rather
be indicted as a citizen In private life
than to be investigated as a Senator
from Texas: and the’ fact that my ex
oneration will follow an Inquiry into
my conduct would no more reconcile
me to an investigation than the fact
that a citizen acquitted upon a trial
would reconcile him to being indicted.
Senator Begs the Question.
“As I now recall it. Texas is the
only Southern State that has ever
thought it necessary to investigate the
conduct of a Democratic Senator and
that fact, it seems, is sufficient that
an investigation should not be ordered
or held. \
“Six years ago when my enemies
assailed me about this Waters-Pierce
Oil Company transaction. I demanded
an investigation; but I first requested
my friends to strike out that part of
or Bailey will be presented on Monday.
Senator Bailey tonight gave out tho
following interview regarding the pro-
his feet at once with a disclaimer, that posed legislative investigation:
The contention of the friends of Senat-' j the preamble to the resolution which
1 recited that it had been charged, and
to substitute for it that a member of
the House of Representatives had made
the charges. With that amendment
I the Senator was mistaken in the State.
"Perhaps, I am, as the Senator is
still alive.” retorted Senator Money,
much to the amusement of the Sena
tors and galleries. He at once dis
claimed anything but a pleasantry in
his remark, and said he would say it
was Wyoming if he did hot see Sena
tor Warren in his seat.
Mr. Warren protested that it was not
Wyoming. Mr. Patterson said he would
name the territory referred to, were
it not that he knew two Senators would
rise and protest. He explained the
early frontier conditions, lack of courts
and sparse population to justify the
methods pursued as described by the
President. Mr. Tillman persisted" that
the State ought to be named.
When Mr. Patterson read the sta
tistics of lynching by States showing
that five lynchings had occurred dur
ing the year in South Carolina, Sena
tor Tillman was on his feet, and ex
claimed, "and as long a? negroes con
tinue to ravish white women, we will
continue to lynch them.”
“If I had supposed I would have
provoked such an utterance as that
from the Senator. I would have omit
ted South Carolina,” exclaimed Mr.
Patterson.
Mr. Money believed Mr. Patterson
had allowed his imagination to get the
better of him in presenting lawless con
ditions in the South nnd called his at
tention to the mob rule in Colorado in
1994 and-199.fi.
Mr. Paterson replied that he had
Mr. Patterson replied that he had
ed to demonstrate that he had not and
was not assailing the people of the
South. On the contrary, he declared
his whole purpose was to set forth that
tite better element in the South held no (
such radical views as had been ex- i
pressed and that those who held radi- j
cal views were few in number.
To support this he read extracts :
from the utterances of educational '
leaders and the clergy of the South
expressing the idea that the way to
solve the race question was to build up
and recognize the manhood of the
negro.
"There is not the semblance of truth
! in the statement which has been sent
from Austin to the effect that my
| friends are seeking either to prevent
or to delay an investigation. I am
more than ready to meet any charge
that any responsible man may make
against me, and I will answer it with
out asking a moment’s delay. I do
not believe that -as a Senator from
Texas I ought to be required to answer
a series of indefinite nebulous and
anonymous charges, and all that I ask
is that those who accuse me of per
sonal or political misconduct shall
make their accusations specific and of
fer some proof in support of them.
“The statement that if I have done
no wrong, I ought to demand an in
vestigation sounds well enough until
it is analyzed: but it proceeds upon a
misapprehension of what it means to
the resolution was adopted and tlie in
vestigation ordered and conducted and
concluded. The legislative record
shows that the man who offered the
resolution, when called upon for his
statement under oath, admitted to the
commitee that he could not swear to
any fact or circumstances that would
tend to prove his charge. With that
experience in my mind I will be ex
cused for not insisting in this instance,
upon some definite -charge for which
some reputable man is willing to
vouch. “The commonest negro in
Texas cannot be tried for a petty theft
except upon a specific charge preferred
against him and supported by the oath
or affirmation of some witnesses. Cer
tainly the Democrats of Texas do not
regard the reputation of their Senator
as entitled to less protection than tho
law affords to an ignorant and vicious
negro.” .
. J. & COi
ar-
LUXURIES ARE
tu?
Colonization Not a Solution.
Fo:h Mr l\;tterson and Mr. Tillman
agreed that the colonization of the ne
gro war n : th" solution, but Mr. Tiil-
tr.'.n comoiV'iOd when Mr. Patterson
insisted t't.i: the re.’.son Senator Till
man would not agree to have the ne
groes deported was one of selfishness
because of tho value of the negro as
a laborer rather than as Mr. Tillman
pad just explained one of extreme cru
elty t" ’he negro.
'J am sorry the Senator cannot give
me credit for a disinterested and hop
es- statement" retorted Mr. Tillman.
He added that the race question in th-’
near future would be appalling "and
unle=s s cnething is done to undo the
mischief of the pan the struggle among
the races is inevitable, and when the
two races get at each other's throats
those who now stand off and theorize
about it will not be present at the
throat cutting.”
When Mr. Patterson explained that
his purpose was to correctly state the
position of the Northern Democrat as
opposed to the radicalism expressed.
Mr. Tillman ejaculated. "Even if there
should never be another Democrat
elected from the North, the people of
the South will --till stand for white
supremacy.” This sentiment brought
applause from the galleries. Mr. Pat
terson maintained tha-t the disfran
chisement of the negro simply meant a
return to peonage.
“■But." again interrupted
man. "the Senator
Mr. Till-
ants us of the
South to lift ourselves over the fence
with our boot straps. We could not do
that but we got over the best way we
could.” In this connection he explain-
From the Chicago Chronicle.
More than twice as much money is
now being spent out of the United
now being sent out of the United States
for the purchase of luxuries than was
the case ten years ago.
Including cigars, cigarettes and to
bacco, the importations of luxurv.s
during the fiscal year 1906 amounted
to $125,000,000: ten years ago tho
grand total was $51,000,000. -Quite an
increase, even for generous, luxury-
hiving Uncle Sam!
Most remarkable was the upward
jump of the importations of diamonds
and other precius stones in 1896. aggre
gating $7,944.32. and in 1906. $35,000,-
000. Cotton laces, embroideries and
edgings rose steadily from $10,878,964
to $42,120,715. while the imports of silk
laces and ribbons nearly doubled.
Other than tobacco the bulk of the
luxuries comes from Europe, which
joyously recognizes the value of Amer
ica's patronage.
Figures showing the remarkable
growth of luxury importations have re
cently been issued by the bureau of
statistics of the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture, so that they bear
the official stamp of Uncle Sam him-
| self.
Of the precious stones and jewelry
brought into th» country during the
last fiscal year, diamond- alone called
for an expenditure of $35,000,000 in
round numbers. In 1896 the diamond
importations amounted to a little less
j than $7,000,000.
j Great Britain and the Netherlands
j furnished most of these brilliants.
: about $11,000,000 worth each. Bel- •
' giuni sent $6,500,000 and France $5,- j
] 500 000. <
' These countries, however, may be
! considered as merely dealers, as none
of them produces diamonds. A large
The following interesting letter from
Mrs. J. B. Cobb, dated Honolulu, De
cember 2S. will be read with interest.
Mrs. Cobb is en route to China on
Mission work, taking passage on the
Pacific Mail Steamer Mongolia. The
letter was written to a member of her
family in this city:
The approach to the city is per
fectly beautiful. In fact, I think more
beautiful than anything I have ever
seen. We sighted land this morning as
soon as we left -our staterooms, and
soon every one on shipboard was in
preparation for landing, for the boat
waits here twenty-four hours, which
gives ail a fine opportunity for seeing
the city.
Tlie mountains are very high, some
of them bald and bare, while others
are covered with trees or grass, or
some foliage. Two craters of extinct
volcanoes add to the scene As we ap
proached nearer the city, the houses I pink and other:
could be plainly seen through a glass. | Even the foliage
stretching for miles along a lovely
beech. One boat gave a signal as she
approached the harbor, and raised to
the top of masts, the "Jack.” a blue
gage, delivered and making final
rangemonts for leaving the ship. In
the mean time, Nettie. Mr. Moseley
and I prepared ourselves for an after
noon'^ jaunt in the city.
It is warm here, so that nearly al!
the women are dressed in white, and
many of the men are also in the same
garb. Many of the native <women wore
loose flowing dresses, similar to
motherhubbard wrappers.
The tropical growth is most luxur
iant, similar to Mexico, and yet, I be
lieve more beautiful. \Ve took the
street car near the boat, and the rides
are the most beautiful I have ever
seen. The houses are quaint and at
tractive and nestled in lawns, covered
with green sward, and abounding in
palms, bananas and bordered, many of
them with hibiscus in full bloom. Again
we could see tlie gorgeous pomisette,
big trees, of them making a.lawn a
blaze of glory; often a little cotta.ge
was almost entirely concealed in a ba
nana grove, in other instances a broad
lawns swept in sloping beauty down to
the very waters of the sea. Oh, it is
all so gorgeous, so tropical, so at
tractive.
The rides led through the most
beautiful residence portion of th? city.
We passed the Government buildings,
situated iri the midst of a beautiful
lawn, and the great old wide porticed
house occupied by the ex-queen. It
is white and with its great columns
and set far back from the street amid
luxuriant foliage, it looks quite like a
colonial house. The shrubs, many of
j them, have the most gorgeous foliage,
[ some brilliant scarlet, others delicate
still a radiant yellow.
j Chancellor David C. -Barrow:
Dear Sir—I have the honor to sub-
• mit through you to the board of trus-
| tees my special report on th? general
i plans and curriculum for the district
‘industrial and agricultural schools of
| Georgia, authorized under act of 190b.
: Early in September, Governor Joseph
M. Terrell requested me. in my official
capacity as Professor of Secondary
Education in the University of Geor
gia. to come to his office for consulta
tion with him and Mr. D. J. Crosby, of
the Department of Agriculture, at
Washington, regarding the organiza
tion of the proposed schools, under the
terms of the act in order that tiio dis
trict trustees and the people might
have some clear idea of what the
schools would teach and would mean
to them if located in their midst.
We were in conference about a week,
during which time tlie provisions of
the act were carefully studied and the
general features of the curriculum out
lined. Later considerable progress lia.--
been made on the details of the course.
1* prepared a general chart for use at
the meetings of the several boards in
order to explain graphically the work
ings of the school and its scope.
I have attended meetings of the
boards of trustees in all the districts
except the ninth, being absent from
the State at the time of that meeting,
and have explained the general fea
tures of the schools. During the past
three months we have conferred freely
with the members of the boards, prom
inent citizens and educators within the
State and out of it, regarding the or
ganization of the schools. We were
. governed by the terms of the act as
| passed and not by the original hi]*
■ which had been amended in the House
' and in the Senate. Section 6 was our
guide in fixing the limitations of the
curriculum, viz.:
Sec. 6. Be it further enacted. That
the course of studies in said schools
shall be confined to the elementary
branches of an English education, and
practical treatises or lectures on agri-
. culture in all its branches, and the
1 mechanic arts, and sucli other studies
: as will enable students completing the
I course to enter the freshman class of
the State College of Agriculture on cer
tificate of tho principal.
An investigation at the university
showed that the following were the.
requirements for entrance to the
freshman class of the State College:
1. English grammar, composition,
classics, 3 units or years' work.
2. Mathematics: Arithmetic, Algebra,
Geometry, 3 units nr years’ work.
3. History nnd Civics, 2 units or
years’ work.
4. Any foreign language, 2 units or
years’ work.
5. Three units to be selected from
the following: Physics, Physical
Geography. Botany, Chemistry, Draw
ing. Physiology, Agriculture, or addi
tional language, 3 units or years work.
Total, 13 units or years' work.
Ten units necessary to enter fresh
man class, the student being allowed
"condition” on three units.
Under the act. therefore, the schools
were to he of high school grade, not
common schools, for the above studies
are above that grade: not colleges, for
those "completing the course” could
enter Freshman class of college. This
last phrase also suggested that short
special courses were to be offered, and
we have provided for this. IVo were,
therefore, to arrange for technical agri
cultural and industrial schools of
secondary grade, which would provide
technical, occupational training for the
S3 per cent of tlie young farmers who
would attend no higher school, and, at
the same time, give a good education
for citizenship: open at the top, so
that the other 15 per cent, who through
ambition and fitness, should desire to
pursue their studies in college. The
law forbids the restriction of tiie far
mer's boy and girl to the three R’s. anr
manual labor: it forbids the shuttini
of the door of opportunity to these as
the means of keeping them on the
farm: but required a high school
course equal to that offered In techni
cal schools for other occupations and
preparation for higher college training
The requirements of the State college
are practically those ’ adopted by the
Association of land grant colleges of
the United States.
The amendment of the Senate, put
ting the schools in the high school
grade, and correlating with the higher
institutions, is in keeping wth the
practice and best thought of the world
in regard to the agricultural and other
technical and trade schools. AVe want
no "hlind alleys” nor inferior trainin
for the white youth of our State.
Below is the tentative curriculum, in
outline as presented.to the board of
trustees and to citizens bidding for the
schools:
First Year.
NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.
Examine label on your pa
per. It tells how you stand on
the books. Due from date on
the label. Send in dues and
also renew for the year 1907.
have been partially prepared and are suh-
nitted herewith, should you desire at tilts
time to examine the s.une.
The totHls for the four grades show
the following:
Class-room other Class-room and
than agriculture. practice work ag
riculture in all its forms
Feriods or hours a w-- t. Hours a week
1st year....19 12 2-5 ' 20
\ ear.. . 18 12 20
3rd year.. .20 13 1-16 20
4th year... 19 12 2-3 19 1-3
American
irlthmetic
f Mexico is not so
brilliant. I was wild with delight.
The beauty of the natural growth, and
the towering mountains is enough to
fill one's soul-with love and admiration
flag bearing on it the stars represent- I for the great Creator of this abounding
ing number of States, a qunrantin
(yellow) flag, a Japanese one. and i
from the stern the stars and stripes, j in th
After going very slowly for a while,
a row boat approached us, bearing the
pilot, who was to steer us through
the channel entering the harbor—a
ieng pair -of stairs had been lowered
on which he came to the deck.
! wealth of lovelines;
here are several fine bank buildings
place, and many attractive
stores. English is spoken every
where, and there is no trouble in find
ing your way about, or in locating peo
ple or places. Tne city is rapidly be
ing Americanized.
I am so glad that all this beauty
English grammar
authors ....
Mathematics.
u. S. History
Penmanship and spelling
Geography
English grammar. composi
tion. FiA'-ctod literature
Mathematics. Algebra (4)
Farm Arithmetic (1)
Horticulture and botany
History, ancient
Penmanshin and spelling or
option. 666
Total (period or 12 hrs)...
class agriculture
Practice work
Then a little after, a small steam j and luxuriance belongs to America. I
launch approached, bearing the phys:
•ian. for the quarantine flag had to b
lowered befort
could enter the 1 Amer
am more strongly than ever an expan
sionist. and am rejoiced that the
nag waves over so many
lands.
We sail from here tomorrow at noon.
port. The crew and steerage passen
gers were drawn up in lines on the
lower deck and had to be inspected by
the physician and his assistants, then i ing to take a more southerly course
these men came into the dining-room i than usual, hoping to strike smoother
(Periods or 29 hrs).
Third Year.
Ene-lFii continued
Matbr-rontics, Algebra
Rural law and farm ac
counts
Elementary and agricultural
physics
History. English
Optional study (foreign lan
guage. commercial geogra
phy or science.)
Perlodg Of
49 Min.
captain of this boat is go- j Practice work (hours;.
where we were assembled for lunch.
water. This
take one day more
Finally the yellow flag was low°red J to reach Yokohama, but h» thinks it
and the boat entered the beautiful ! will be a less expensive trip for the
harbor of Honolulu. The day has : boat. We will reach there January 8
been perfectly beautiful, and no more
(harming prospect cou'd be presented
to the eye. A soft purple haze rested
in the mountains which raised their
lofty heads above the city, resting
quietly at their feet, the opalescent
waters flashed and gleamed and glist-
of 9. and we will there leave the
steamer and travel by rail through the
country.
There is a fine young Japanese or.
board who spent three ytars at Johns
Hopkin’s University and two at Yale.
He is now returning to Japan after a
for th^ position the negroes in ihe j ed the operation of the suffrage quallfl- proportion of those sent from the
South have taken on the question of | cations of his State, which was follow- I Netherlands and France represent a ' lulu, so they were busy getting bag- selves for the long sea trip.
ened in the sparkling sunlight. The I trip through Europe and the L'nited
most luxuriant tropical foliage almost | States. There is an Englishman, wife
concealed from view some of the i and daughter on board, who are going
houses on the beach.—The native boys [ around the world for pleasure. A nice
of ten and twelve, came swimming out young couple from Topeka, _ Kansas
to meet us, their little glistening bodies
making beautiful curves in the green
waters as they dived for the pennies
thrown overboard by the passengers.
Soon we were anchored, and it was
interesting to watch the dozens -of fa
ces below us as they looked up to
recognize an expected friend. Fifty-
two passengers were booked for Hono-
are on their way to Asake, having
been sent there by a business firm.
There are many charming people on
board, but we think we have the pleas
antest table in the dining-room. It is
raining tonight, so we are compelled to
stay in. but we are planning for the
morning, as the boat does not sail until
nccn. After that we will settle our-
Total (or 19 1-5 hours)..
Fourth Year.
Fneiish continued
Geometry
Civics and farm economics...
Elementary and agricultural
chemistry
Optional study (foreign lan
guage. modern history or
science)
Total (periods or 12 2-3 hrs)
Class agriculture
Practice work (hours)
Total (or 29 hours)
Periods of
40 -Min.
Tentative details of the above course
NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.
Examine label on your pa
per. It tells how you stand on
the books. Due from date on
the label. Send in dues and
‘also renew for the.year 1907.
Totals ....76 50 1-2 79 1-8
This gives a total of 2.0(W) hours in
studies other than specific agriculture,
to 3,173 hours of class room and prac
tice work in agriculture per pupil in
his four year’s course. Contrast- this
with two hours a week in agricultu
ral practice for four years in Alabama
district schools, or a total of 320 hours.
In addition to the above hours for
practice work one and a half hours
each morning have been left to two
classes for individual farm work or
assigned work by principal as th? de
mands of the season, farm and weath
er may permit, thus making an addi
tional 600 hours for the course.
As outlined, one-half of every secular
day is given to practice work in field,
shop, orchard and laboratories In prac
tical instruction under teachers or
higher students and In work for main
tenance of farm in all its parts: tho
other half being allotted to the class
room work in assigned studies. When
ail the classes are in attendance at the
school, two classes will bo in ihe school
room in the morning and the other two
in the afternoon: two in the practice
work morning and afternoon, changing
work or study at the dinner hour.
The work and instruction outside will
be divided by tbc principal into sec
tions, from time to time, one section
doing the morning and afternoon
chores, such as feeding, milking, etc.
Another section will be In the Prao-
tlcums, which include all phases of ag
riculture, shop, laboratory and field
work for instructional purposes, vary
ing with the location of school, season
and advancement of pupil, and sex of
pupil: another section will he doing
the farm and household work of what
ever kind the principal may direct
from day to day. Thus while no pupil
will have four and a half hours re
quired work a day, and the majority
three hours a day, the work of tho
school continues from early morntng
to 7 p. m., wiien a two hours study
period closes the day's exercise at 9:30.
We have tried to balance the work
equitably between literary and techni
cal departments as is done in all well
organized technical or trade schools at
home and abroad.
We could not. under the law, require
of all nor omit from the course the
foreign language: but left its introduc
tion and selection to each board. Your
board must decide whether a foreign
language be required for entrance to
the agricultural college. Five hours in
each of the last two years ts left foe
optional study, to he filled as the trus
tees and faculty may determine as best
for that particular class.
The text book work in agriculture
has been assigned but three periods a
week, believing this sufficient to meet
the needs of the three hours work in
the Practicums. where the students ap
ply and exemplify tho text. Should
the teacher require more hours, the
schedule permits it.
We have arranged for a four-year
cour.'te for the girls in home science,
including study of foods, cooking, din
ing room service, laundrying, house
hold emergencies, gardening, dairying,
hand and machine sewing, simple
dressmaking, millinery, home ornamen
tation nnd household science. These
are studied and practiced in the three-
hour Praoticum periods. largely under
direction of tlie domestic science teach
er. We have also arranged for a cer
tain amount of wood-work for the girls.
It is impossible to go into the many
details of the agricultural instruction
further than to say that it rticludes a
study and cultivation of the orchard,
garden and field crops; the soil; the
farm animals, their care and products;
farm mechanics: the conduct of farm
operations: the supervision and culti
vation of farms, farm machinery. We
have planned as best we could a self-
reliant school farm, where theory and
practice, art and science, thought and
sentiment, mind and hand, work and
play, combine to make the skilled cul
tured Georgia farmer.
It Is planned that about one-fourth
of the boys will remain on the farm
during vacation, so as to carry on the
farming operations and know the farm
crop from start to finish. For this
work, and certain required work
throughout the year, as approved by
the principal, compensation may be
paid, to be applied only on the stu
dent’s dormitory and other expenses.
In this way a student reduces his cash
expenses to a minimum.
We have planned for five heads of
departments and such assistants under
these as the school attendance will re
quire.
1. The principal, who will have gen
eral supervision of the entire plant,
but specific directions of the Pract‘1-
cums, farm work, etc., and will assist
in instruction In agriculture.
2. The Engiish-History teacher, who
will be in direct charge throughout the
day of the academic classes.
3. The science teacher, who will in
struct in the related sciences and the
agricultural classes, co-operating with
the principal in the practice work, so
as to assure no divorcement of the text
book from the practical application.
The teacher of domestic science
and other special work for girls.
5. The teacher of mathematics and
director of the shop work and instruc
tion, whether in wood or iron.
Half of the teachers will be in the
class rooms and half in the practice
work, going from one to the other, as
the local program may direct.
The Governor has opened no bids
until the plans and scope of the schools
had been explained. The best evidence
that the farmers and business men
were pleased with the high grade of
the curriculum and the blending of
the aedemic and technical Instruction,
is the fact that after learning the
charcter of the schools, they increased
their bids, in some instances, 100 to
300 per cent, contributing of their
monev and lands a grand total of over
$800,000 towards the establishment of
ten of these schools, one school district
offering an amount equal to $215 for
every voter therein. No such public
enthusiasm and generosity has been
witnessed on the part of the farmers
of any country, in the establishment
of schools for education of their youth.
Much care and attention has been
given to the internal arrangement and
convenience of the several buildings
designed by the architect.
We desire to call your special atten
tion to those provisions of the act,
providing for correlation and co-opera
tion between the schools and the cen
tral college in institute work, farm and
stock demonstrations, etc., thus insur
ing a unity of plan in the agricultural
education of the State, so essential to
the success of any organism whether
school system or oak tree. Respect
fully submitted.