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TUESDAYY. FEBRUARY 26, 1907. THE TWICE-A-WEEK TELEGRAPH FINLEY HONOR GUEST AT RECENT BANQUET Twentieth Century. i "I am convinced that th ! uable and the most patriotic service a j ernment. are the ultimate source of all most vai- I power, but a.so a full understanding man can, in the pi „nd cordial and efficient co-operation between our governments. both State -r his iunt to assist in es- nd more friend!:- - n the people and nsporta Mr Sout! the T to the po? riuld nbt the railroads. The t !- m which, in the interest of our con- tontment as a people and of our civ- ! ilization, must be successfully worked of the pro- l out is the greatest business and gov- iniurious to j emmental problem of modern times. ' “ „ __ j “It cannot be salved in passion, or in Mrit •ps and pro- ooga. The ig up to t!i» »r si eech everytr •,n the part of r.a of the im- relations ii*- he railways Mr. Finley, • and broad- I the school of J id experienced | !«■«■ ** lindful of th h : r, I .•ith era. and business men the present time tation facilities, prompt and regular freight and passenger: dollars are needed to pi al tracks, new equlpn betterments and impro 1 way wages and the p Uting the more r movement of Millions of rovide additlon- nent and other vements. Rnil- ces of practical- illtfug must buy their highest level, with the tendency still upward, and yet meas ures are pending In some, of the Legis- at would seriously impair rnings. The money that Is 3 for betterments and extensions e obtained only from net Income of new capital dictiveness. or in any most j misunderstanding of the conditions ctur- that surround it. Its successful solu- is at j lion calls for not only moderation. _ wisdom and justice on the part of the ’ * people, who, under our system of gov- eraergency. ; and national, and the management of the railroads. I realize that principles not here tofore fully recognized, if recognized n prob- j at all. must hereafter control in the relationship of the carriers and the public: but these principles must be principles of construction, not de struction. and must be evolved in full recognition of the high and just pur poses of both sides and of frank and cordial co-operation between the gov ernmental authorities and the railroad managements. The time of distrust. dollars, or 28 per cent of the 1,773 mil lion dollars' worth of domestic products exported in the year. In addition to this the value of cotton manufactures sent to Porto Rico. Hawaii, and Alaska, and not included in the figures of ex ports to foreign countries, was over 4% million dollars. Europe sent the bulk of this 490 mil lion dollars received as the purchase price of the year's exportation of cot ton and Its products. Of the 413 mil lion dollars’ worth of raw cotton ex ported, 173 million dollars' worth went to the United Kingdom 109 million to Germany. 45 millions to France. 31% millions to Italy, nearly 7 millions to Belgium, over 5 millions direct to Rus- misunderstanding and hostility has sJa and ’j mi ilion to the Netherlands; passed. The time for cordial and con structive co-operation has arrived." ! ne Fpr-n i Repl I r- ini' to this tea■st. AYiri tun— i can t '.rbMc a^d "ih^nrivate in- op from the P p « cceds of new capital Ted to his care—we hail securities. Net income, even if it had II mrpr of not been impaired already by the in- fidenee that creased e*P pnses of operation and of Samuel maintenance, would be utterly inade quate -to supply all the funds impera- Mr Flnlev lively required, and the sale or new J I capital securities must be resorted to. teful acknowledg- How are they to be sold if the credit of our cordial gectln". the railroads through legislative ten- expression of your i deneles or otherwise is Impaired? k of transportation "The only product that a railroad dth which my life I has for sale Is transporraTton, and It Icome It as an In- I is one °t the few products the price of onv of relationship which Is not fixed by the law of supplv arriers of the coun- I and demnnd. If a manufacturer should CLEVELAND WAS ORATOR AT UNION LEAGUE CLUB •Rutin the public whom and*ilTelr relation^'t^the I mous increase in his cost of produc find himself confronted by an enor public have never been so universally discussed ns during the past two years. I If this discussion leads to a better un- | der tending of existing conditions and of the Interdependence of the railroads nnd the people. It will be productive of ’ much good. The phenomennal pros perity of th-- country has taxed Its transportation facilities to the utmost and has-brought railway managers face to face with problems of unpre cedented magnitude, to the solution of which they are devoting all their en- ergi>-.« There are those who believe fatlpat thw problems can be solved by legislation, and some of th put forward : ice, ■ I lie- id.a that t (!••".• authrj-s credit railway managers with superhuman powers and with ability to go on increasing wages, buying cars and locomotives, bridging rivers, tun neling mountains, laying double tracks and building new lines even though railway earnings he cut down to the vanishing point. But railway managers are only human. They have no magic carpets on which freight and passen gers can he transported with the speed of thought; nor can they create rail roads nnd equipment by simply rub bing an Aladdin's lamp. Time, money nnd bard work are needed to put the railway systems of file United States In condition to handle the ever-in creasing volume of traffic, and when the American people understand what is being done and what the difficulties me, they will not expect the impos sible When the situation is thor oughly understood, intelligent self-in terest will lead communities fo advo cate fair treatment for railways, for they will realize that thoroughly ef- fi> tent transportation service can only be afforded by a prosperous railway, mid that if the road is crippled their own prosperity will surely decline.” Mr. Finley reviewed the growth of Chattanooga, pointing out the impor tant part played by transportation fa cilities In the development of the city and directing attention to the advan tages that will result from improve ments now being made bv the South ern Railway Company. " Continuing, he said: “In their efforts to improve the transportation facilities of the South, tlie railways are encountering great difficulties. Chief among these are the scarcity of labor, the high prices of materials nnd the overcrowded eon- ditlon of the manufacturing establish ments on which they must rely for locomotives, cars and steel rails. As a result of these difficulties, all work Is more or less delayed." Mr. Finley referred to the Import- mi. e of the Improvement of the water ways of the South and said: "Whatever may be tlie attitude of others, I can not too strongly em phasize the fact that I am a most advocate of the improvement inland waterways of thh South as the harbors of the South ’ and Gulf coasts. | wfipst public policy lies in—the encouragement nnd development of tn( importation facilities, both rail and water, and any policy which has. the effect of impairing the effectiveness of transportation facilities, either rail or wmcr. is m:i unsound mid ti■ 11 v t necessarily interfere with the commercial progress of the country. During th,. nvt'mion which preced ed the enactment of the Hepburn lilrond rate law there was a great leal said about freight rates but in 'the debates in Congress and in the ‘long hearings before tin* committees Of the two houses, where complaints were Invited, only a very few- specific rates were alleged to lie unreasonably high. It is a fact, as you all know, that freight rates in the United States are the lowest in the world. Tliev have been sa'd to be at once the won’- j der and the despair of European rail way managers." Even tlie few rates that are from time to time complain ed of as meing unreason ible bv com parison with oth >r rates in the United States are wonderfully low when com pared with tiie rates on similar com modities in other countries. When compare,! with the values of the arti cles transported. American rates are almost Inappreciable. A reduction of their averng a cent per t considerable in comparison with tli- value of any commodity shipped, that i: would not materially benefit either the shipper or consumer, while it would be disastrous to the railroad which can only pay its operating ex penses. taxes and fixed charges and til. "Th, tion, and if, at the same time, there should exist a demand for his products In excess of the utmost capacity of his plant, he would probably put up his selling price to the highest point thnt would not seriously cheek the demand and no one would suggest that he had done anything wrong. But the rail roads in Just uch a situation are con fronted with legislation reducing their income. It Is needless to point out that this policy, if carried too far. can have but one result—the actual dete rioration of railway facilities at i time when they should be rapidly ex schemes | Pending nnd Improving. ‘ , “One of the projects put forward would, in the most direct way. serious ly - injure many cities of the South. A recent publication embodies the sug gestion that the development of trad centers, and the alleged consequent congestion of traffic, be checked by a readjustment of railway rates. Par ticular reference Is made to the growth of such centers in the South and op position Is expressed, on both commer rial and social grounds, to the concen tration'in them of business and popu lation. This suggestion, if acted orl, would Arrest the growth of these cities and divide their business among a large number of smaller towns nnd villages. "As a matter of fact a trade center is not made artifieallv or arbitrarily. Its development depends upon natural forces and advantages, including gpo graphical location and the Initiative and enterprise of its inhabitants. Many of the cities in the Southern States were trade centers before the days of railroads. The railroads simply ac cepted the situation as they found It nnd adjusted their business to existing and controlling trade conditions. Sub sequent development, has been brought about by the operation, under modern transportation conditions, of the same laws of trade that controlled the early growth of these cities. "The natural trade centers of the South are here, and I think ft can be demonstrated that it is to the interest of the South that they should remain, and that to. attempt to arrest their growth would be disastrous, not only to the cities directly affected, but to tlie entire Sduth. Any arbitrary sys tem of rate making by which it is at tempted to stop the growth of trade centers must necessarily be based on approximately uniform mileage rates; and mileage rates, in additfon to giv ing producers near great consuming markets and near the seaports Inval- culabie advantages over those in the interior, would also tend to push back the centers of distribution toward the sea const and lake cities and toward a few great manufacturing points. An. object lesson of the effect of this sys tem is furnished by the Australasian Colonies of Great Britain, where mile age rates have built up a single great seaboard city in each colony with no important distributing points in the Interior. “It should be borne in mind that a natural trade center, with thriving job bing houses and prosperous manufac turing industries, is a benefit, not only to its immediate citizens, but to all the surrounding country. It furnshos a home market for the -fruits, vegeta bles and dairy products, and for a good proportion of the staple farm crops of the neighborhood, and, by increasing the general level of prosperity in the entire community, benefits even the country store keeper in a neighboring town, who would gain nothing by the decay of the larger place, but would have to buy his stock in a more dis tant market. “On the whole. I believe you will agree with me that any adjustment operating to injure natural trade cen ters would not be beneficial to the South, and would be disastrous to many Southern cities. "For my part. I am firmly of the opinion that many of the relations be tween the transportation lines and the people served by them, which it is proposed to regulate by statute law, can best be left to be adjutsted in ac cordance with the natural laws of trade. I believe this Is true because I know that the interests of a railway and of the people served by it are in- e.irn re ana rans- iub- 1 separably bound up together. The road ' 2jf tl f c !. n ~ I cannot prosper unless the people upon | whom it must depend for business are j prosperous, and for a road to under- j take to exploit a community, or a sec- I tion of the country, with a view to its l own immediate advantage, is simply an invitation to ultimate disaster. If | a road is to enjoy the highest degree of prosperity it must co-operate in every way possible with the people j along its lines for the development of their business, for it Is only through such increase in general prosperity that the demand for transportation can be increase a. "The steady development of the re sources of ;ho South, in the period since the organiz.iti m of the Southern Railway Company, has formed one of the most remarkable chapters in the • commercial and industrial history of r the United States, and the men con- e I neeied with the Southern Railway may r | be pardoned for feeling proud of the ° j part played by :hn: system In making 1 I this development possible. We be lieve that the Southern States are only on the threshold of a splendid fu ture. and that what has already been accomplished is hut a promise of what is yet to ‘ome. We believe that if Southern communities and South ern transportation lines are to reach selling transportat t is that the cos: s an exceedingly s: cost of supplies to truth of cd that Mr. Mio I Th ulti- holders "The ports tion is an exc tor in the cost of s He." As illustrating th Finley gave examp which freight rates of important article figures lie ga\o sh the entire freight charges on articles should be wiped out. th mate consumer would receive little o no benefit, and that a reduction larg enough to be of nnv benefit whatever to the jobber would be disastrous to the carrier. He pointed out that freight Charges on articles produced and man ufactured in the South add very little to the cost of production and are so low as to enable these commodities to compete successfully with the pro ducts of other localities in widely sep arated markets, not only in the United States, but in foreign countries. He CHICAGO, Feb. 22.—Ex-President Gro ver Cleveland was the orator of the day at the Celebration of the anniversary of the birth of George Washington, which is annually held by the Union League Club of this city. Mr. Cleveland address^ an audience that completely filled the great auditorium and his oration was greeted with every manifestation of ap proval. He dwelt less upon the history and achievements of Washington, than upon the soundness of Washington's po litical faith and the accuracy of Wash ington's economic wisdom. The prosper ity and glory of the country will be. ac cording to the speaker, unbounded and imperishable if the precepts of Washing ton are actively recalled, and, in general, closely followed. Tho Republic still has. he said, imper ative need of Washington and his exam- pe and teachings are as important to the present generation as his labors and guidance were necessary in his own time. Mr. Cleveland said: The American people are * but little given to the observance of public holi days. This statement cannot be disposed is important—and more important now than ever before—that they should clear ly apprehend and adequately value the virtues and ideals of which he was the embodiment, and shouid realize how es sential to our safely and perpetuity, are the consecration and patriotism which he exemplified. The American people need today the example and teachings of Washington no less than those who fash ioned our nation needed liis labors and guidance. . Three months before his inauguration as first President of the Republic which he had done so much to create, Washing ton wrote a letter to Lafayette, his warm friend and revolutionary ally, in which he expressed his unremitting desire to establish a general system of policy which, if pursued, would “secure perma nent felicitv to the Commonwealth;" and he added these words: “I think I see a path as clear and as direct as a ray of light, which leads to the attainment of that object. Nothing but harmony, honesty, industry and fru gality are necessary to make us a great HOW DISHONEST DEALERS FLEECE NEW YORK'S POOR NEW reiwrt of Measures of the city which has just been made public, offe an interesting commentary on common honesty as practiced by metropolitan dealers in household supplies. T ~ “ while to Japan the exports for the year were valued at oyer 11 million dollars, and to Canada 7 1-3 millions. Even this large figure of 173 million dollars’ worth of cotton sent to the United Kingdom falls slightly below that of 1905. when the total value of raw cot ton exported to that country amounted to 177 million dollars; but the in creased movements to Germany more than offset the reduction in those to the United Kingdom, the exports of cotton to Germany in 1906 being 19 million dollars in excess of those of 1905. and 15 millions in excess of those of 1904. The actual quantity of cotton from the United States reaching Rus sia during the year was doubtless much greater than that indicated by the fig- — - ures of direct exports to that country, 497 times out of every 1,257. From tne since much of the cotton from the i Battery to Harlem 816 shopkeepers YORK Feb °3 The annuaf J appetite whetted for further adventure, *25BuSS. Of WUstlts and Capt. Boynton Ml hurried to Cuba to take part in ihe revolution of 1S6S as a blockade run- aeaiers in nousenom supplies. In ail j ner. thtfkdand 43,795 inspections were made during gratitude of s s. _ - the year, with the result that 1.S33 vio- | » join, in the "il lations of law were discovered among 1 afterwards ran_the^blockade " grocers, butchers. Icemen, coal dealers j terest of f that emprise with and others. The total number of i tender, followed that en p - scales, weights and measures inspected | was 329,929. The violations included j 453 grocers. 753 butchers. 179 ice deal- ! ers, 78 coal dealers and 34 junk deal ers. Liquor dealers and druggists may i be more honest than others, or it may j be only because they give so little for the money that there is no room for cheating, but only eight out of 609 sa loon keepers were accused of viola tions, and one druggist out of 1.795. Down on the lower East Side, where purchasers can .ill afford to lose even a fraction of an ounce on any pur chase. the dealers are reported to cheat United States which enters Russia is sold originally to the markets of the United Kingdom and thence resold and transshipped to Russia. Japan and Canada were the only were found to have 1,257 fraudulent in struments. The coal dealers who give short weight cut out from 50 to 300 pounds from the ton. The average shortage was found to be 109 pounds. countries outside of Europe taking any Among the small dealers who sell coal considerable quantity of cotton from in bags supposed to weigh »0 pounds, the United States in 1906. the value of , it is a common offense to call as little as 40 pounds a full bag. One peddler selling 25 pounds’ short on every hun dred, said that coal was so dear that his customers would not pay 40 cents a hundred, so he cut the price 12% per cent and the weight 25 per cent. Sev enty-five pounds of butter are usually cotton sent to Japan in that year be ing as above indicated, over li million dollars, and to to Canada 7 1-3 mil lions. The figures show a slight reduc tion in the value of cotton sent to Ja pan in 1906 when compared with 1905, while to Canada the exports of the few campaigns against the Turks in the Balkans, and then returned to South America nnd the West Indies, where they serve revolutions piping hot at a moment’s notice. It was the devious and unfamiliar ways of busi ness which finally laid the doughty captain by the hee'.s in Blackwell's Is land prison, to which he was com mitted three months ago for trying to pull off in New York, apparently with the best intention in the world, the usual schame for financing a South American revolution, which consists in turning a small amount of silver bul lion into coin of the country to be rev olutionized, purchasing therewith a much larger quantity of bullion, and continuing tho process indefinitely. of by the allegation that our national posture of affairs and the prevailing dis- history is too brief to allow the aceumu- | position of my countrymen, promise to New York’s Chinatown, The heart of New York’s China town was officially wiped out at a re cent meeting of the Board of Estimate, when a new park to occupy the acre and a half block bounded by the Bow ery, Doyers. Pell and Mott streets was authorized. Most of the proper ty is owned by Chinese firms and in dividuals and includes the Chinese theater, in which several Chinese were recently shot to death in a high binder war, the Chinese Joss House, lation of days deserving civic commem oration. Though it is true that our life as a people, according to the standard measuring the existence of nations, has been a short one. it has filled with glori ous achievements; and though it must be conceded that it is not given to us to see In the magnifying mirage of antiqui ty. the exaggerated forms o' American and happy people. Happily, the present year were slightly in excess in value i sold from a 60-pound firkin, and the. ^ ^ , , * “ "" " of those of the former year. In quan- : buyer often gets an additional shortage i arid all the other Oriental features titv. however, the records of 190C fall | of an ounce in the weight of the .which have made the locality the most co-operate in establishing these four great and essential pillars of public felicity." Such considerations as these suggest the thought that this is a time for honest self-examination. The question pressed upon us with a demand for reply that will not be denied: “Who among us all. if our hearts are purged Of misleading im pulses and our minds freed from - , er- below those of 1905. The total number i wooden dish in which it is sold. An of pounds of raw cotton exported In ingenious trick of fruit peddlers is to 1906 was 3.850.229.030. while in 1905 ! use a small scale of the counter balance the toltal was 4,137.154 935. the in- 'type set at such an angle that it is an creased value inxi’906 being due to j impossibility to get a balance. heroes, yet in the bright and normal light I verting pride, can be sure that today the shed upon our beginning and growth, are posture of affairs and the prevailing dis- seen grand and heroic men who have won - position of our ’countrvmen co-onerate imperishable honor and our everlasting j n the establishment and promotion of remembrance. We cannot, therefore, ex- ( harmony, honesty industry and frugal- cuse a lack of commemorative inclination ity?" and a languid interest in recalling the The self-examination Invited bv this notable incidents of our country- —I fn’ - - • - higher export prices, which more than offset the reduction in quantity, the 3 850 million pounds exported in 1906 being 21 million dollars more in value than that of the 4,137 million pounds evnorted in 1905. Of the 413 million dollars’ worth of raw cotton sent out of the country during 1906, 393 millions ------ P ast ( day’s commemoration will he incomplete -went to Eurene. wider the plea of a lack of coranirpima- . and superficial, if we are not thereby Of the cotton manufactures exported live material; no r can we In this way ex- 1 forced to the confession that there are tho hulk wept of course to rnnntries nlam our neglect adequately to observe sjgns of the times which indicate a weak- ot her than Europe which as a menu days which have actually been set apart ness and relaxation of our hoid unon , . Tn!, n r.urope. wnien as a manu- for the especial manifestation ofour lm - these saving virtues. When thus fw-o- faeturer of cotton goods buys littlo of a military nigm. punurinaiice or u ing appreciation of the lives and the deeds warned it is the height of recreancy for Product of our cotton mills. The popular plav a few days ago. Martin Only Custer Survivor. John Martin, the sturdy ticket chop per at the One Hundred and Third street Subway station, is the sole sur vivor of the Custer massacre of June 25, 1876, when the attack was’ made upon Sitting Bull and his horde of red skins at Little Big Horn. By virtue of this distinction, Martin was the gue=t of honor when his old regiment, the Seventh Cavalry, and other military organizations in full uniform attended "military night” performance of of Americans, who in crisis of our birth ; us obstinately to close our eyes to the value of cotton cloths exported during and development has sublimely wrought j needs of the situation, and refuse ad Js- the vear was 32% million dollars of and nobly endured. j sion to the thought that evil can overt- ke which a 1 If »!•» ,n„u„ea to lootr for oilier I us. If wo are to deserve security, we will ‘ carefully and dutifully tsfte our bearings and discover. If we can. how far wind and tide have carried us away from safe waters. If wo find that the wiekedn"ss of de structive agitators and the selfish d»nrnv- ity of demagogues have stirred up discon tent and strife where there should be , _ , , . . .. - , , W— ...... peace and harmony and have arrayed • Central America, nnd more than three- ! a.nd Custer and his handful of men If we are Inclined to look for other excuses, one may occur to us which, though by no means satisfying, may ap pear to gain a somewhat fanciful plaus ibility by reason of its reference to the law of heredity. It rests upon the theory that those who secured fo- American na tionality its first foothold, and watched- over Its weak in'ancy, were so enures'd with the persistent and unescapahle la bors that pressed upon them, and their hopes and aspirations led them so con stantly to thoughts of the future that retrospection nearly became with them an extinct faculty, and that thus it may have happened that exclusive absorption in things pertaining to the present an- q future, became so embedded in their natures ns to constitute a trait of char acter descendible to their posterity even to the present generation. There is another reason which might be advanced in the mitigation of our lack of commemorative enthusiasm which is so related to ot# pride of Americanism, that if we could he certain of its suffi ciency we would gladly accept it as con clusive. It has to do with the underly ing minlities and motives of our free institutions. Those Institutions had their birth and nurture in unselfish patriotism and untie served consecration: and by a degree of Fate beyond recall or change their perpetuity and beneficence are con ditioned on the constant devotion and ingle-hearted loyalty of those to whom their blessing are vouchsafed. . But. after all. why should we attempt to delude ourselves? I am eontident that voice your convictions when I say that no piay of ingenuity and no amount of special Pleading can frame an abso lutely credi-nblo excuse for our remiss ness’in appropriate holiday observance. The commemoration of the day on which American independence was bam. has been allowed to lose much of its sig nificance ns a reminder of providential favor and the inflexible patriotism of the fathers o’f the rep’ublic. and has nearly degenerated to a revel of senseless noise nnd dangerous explosion. leaving in its train far more of mishap and accident, than lessons of good •citizenship or pride of country. The observance of Thanks giving Day is kept alive through its an nual designation by Federal and State authority. But it is worth our while to inquire whether its original meaning, as a day of united praise and gratitude to God for the blessings bestowed upon us as a people and as individuals, is not smothered in feasting and social indul gence: Wo in common with Christian nations everywhere, celebrate Christmas— but how much less as a day of commem orating the birth of the Redeemer of Mankind, than as a day of hilarity and the interchange of gifts. I will not. without decided protest, be little over ono-haif million dol lars’ worth went to Knrope: 16% mil lions to China: 5 millions to other ■ countries of Asia, including Japan. In- | dia Hongkong, nnd the Philippine Is lands: while about 3 million dollars’ was bugler of the Seventh Cavalry and rode beside Custer when the attack was made. After the charge had been sounded Custer, seeing that his force was greatly outnumbered, dispatched him with a message to Maj. Reno, who was stationed a few miles away, or dering his forces to be brought up at | worth went to the AYest India Islands i once. To this circumstance Martin [ exclusive of Porto Rico; 1% millions to I owes his life: but Reno lost his way wjvu win Harmony anil nave arraye-l .-to. imm iiree-.apq Custer ana his nnnflfi .against each other interests which should • quarters of a million dollars’ worth to j had been destroyed before dwell together in hearty co-operation; if we find that the old standards of sturdy, uncompromising American honesty have become so corroded nnd weakened by a sordid atmosphere that our people are hardly startled by crimes in high places and shameful betrayals of trust every where; jf tyo nnd a sadly prevalent dis position among us to turn from the high way of honorable industry into shorter cross roads leading to Irresponsible and worthless ease: if we find that wide spread wastefulness and extravagance have discredited the wholesome frugality which was once the pride of American ism. we should recall Washington’s ad monition that harmony, industry and fru gality are “essential pillars of public fe licity.” and forthwith endeavor to change our course. It is our habit tq affiliate with political parties. Happily, the strength and solid ity or our institutions can safely with stand^ the utmost ..freedom and activity of political discussion so far as it involves the adoption of goa’ernmcntal policies or the enforcement of good administration. But they cannot withstand the frenzy of hate which seeks under the guise of po litical earnestness to blot out American brotherhood and to , cunningly persuade our people that a. crusade of envy ntul malice is no more- than a zealous insist ence upon their manhood rights. Political parties are exceedingly human: and they easier fall before temptation than individuals, by so much as partisan success is the law of their life and be cause their resnonsihility is impersonal. It is easily recalled, that political organ izations have been quite willing to util ize gusts of popular prejudice ana resent ment; and I believe they have been known as a matter of shrewd manage ment to encourage voters to hope for some measure of , relief from economic abuses, and yet to “stand pat” on the day appointed for realization. We have fallen upon a time when it behooves every thoughtful citizen whose political beliefs are based on reason and who cares enough for hi3 manliness nnd duty to save them from barter, to realize that the organization of the party of his choice needs watching, and that at times it is not amiss critically to observe its direction and tendency. This certainly ought to result In our country’s gain; and it is only partisan impudence that Canada. Of miscellaneous manufnc tures of cotton the total value of the exports was 10% million dollars of which over 2 million dollars’ worth went to the United Kingdom, over 1 million to Germany, 2?i millions to Canada, and about a half million dol lar* each to Mexico. Cuba and the Philipnine Islands. Of the class of cotton products con sidered a few years ago as mere bv- products, such as cotton-seed oil, cot ton-seed cake and meal. etc., a large proportion of the exports goes also to Europe. Of the 14 million dollars’ worth of cotton-seed oil exported in 1906. 4% millions went to the Nether lands. 2% millions to France. 1 million to the United Kingdom, one-half mil lion dollars’ worth to Austria-Hun assistance could reach them. Now Martin, com fortably ensconced in a little cage of wool and glass with the Interborough officials, with unusual thoughtfulness, have erected to protect him from the wintry drafts which sweep through the opening to the street, chops tickets and smiles cheerfully upon the crowds of passengers who rush past him morning and evening. On the 25th of every June Martin visits "West Point, where Custer lies buried and the famous bugle which sang Boots and Saddles so cheerily over many a forgotten camp ground of the Seventh Cavalry sounds taps above the grave of “Chief Yellow Hair.” Lawyers in New York. Eighteen thousand lawyers are now living more or less luxuriously off the S and'ahT.'f'mfinon don„^ rth tZ ! o£ taiMaiate ufl the ‘| dollars worth hv-products of crime in the metropolis. *?f° u " tr i: s ° f E .V.™ pe: • Ninety-two more, candidates from the three-quarters .of a million dollars worth went to Mexico, and a half mil lion dollars’ worth to the West India Islands. Of the 14 million dollars’ worth of cotton-seed, oil. cake and oil cake meal exported during that year, practically all went to Europe, where it is used in part as food for live stock and in part for fertilizers. accused of antagonizing or deprecating J condemns a member of a political partv. ligbt-hcarted mirth and jollity. On the ■ who on proper occasion submits its con- contrarv. I am an earnest advocate of i duct and the loyalty to principle of its every kind of sane, decent social enjoy- leaders, to a court of review over which mont. and all sorts of recreation. But. nevertheless. I feel that the allowance of an incongruous possession by them of our commemorative days is evidence of a certain condition, and is symtomatic of popular tendency which are by no means reassuring. On this day. the Union League Club of Chicago should especially rejoice in the his conscience, his reason, and his nolit- IC31 understanding presiue. I protest that I have not spoken in a spirit of pessimism. I have and enjoy my full share of the pride and exultation which our country’s material advance- i. OF C0LTHHG COSO What is known as the Williamson plan of cultivating corn is said to have revolutionized corn cultivation in the State of South Carolina. It is now at tracting attention in Georgia. Boiled down, the Williamson, plan is as fol lows: Land is broken up in six-foot rows, leaving a four-inch balk. The soil is broken one-fourtli deeper than is com mon, and a water furrow made, in which the corn is planted, care being taken to plant as early as possible. No fertilizer is applied, and the first work- ........ . .... proachahle industriil development, and consciousness of patriotic accompaniment: I Its irresponsible inventive genius have and on this day of all others, every one made it the wonder of the centuries, of its members should regard his mem- I The land we live in seems to be strong bershiD as a badge of honor. Whatever ! and active. But how fares that land that else the organization may have done, it lives in us? Are we sure that we are has justified its existence and earned the ! doing all we ought to keen it ip vigor applause of those whose love of country i and health? Are we keeping its roots is still unclouded by th* 1 work it has done well surrounded by the fertile soil of lov- for the deliverance !of Washington's birth- ! i n K allegiance, and are we furnishing them day from neglect or indolent remem- j the, invigorating moisture of unselfish brance. In futhernnee of the high endcavoy of ment fully justifies. It* "’limitless re- in ^ is done ' vith a sweep on both sides sources, its astonishing growth, its unao- of the corn and give first working with harrow. Thin when corn is about eight inches high. In planting drop the grains about five or six inches apart. (Mr. Williamson breaks out balk with scooter and follows in the furrow with Dixie plow, with wing taken off). After this first working law schools, were admitted to the New I York bar a few days ago. and there is J scarcely a week in which a locally I prominent legal light from some other | part of the country, seeking a wider ‘ field and higher fees, is not added to the steadily increasing number. At the present time New York has a pop ulation of approximately 4.500,000, and this means that there is one lawyer to every 250 individuals. Not a very large number from which to draw a clien tele. it would seem, when the lawyers themselves and those who cannot af ford the luxury of law are subtracted. Yet the most of them have a full-fed opulent look that speaks eloquently of prosperity and suggests an inquiry into the methods by which it has been ac quired. There is the field of politics, of course, and in New York that takes care of a good many of the poorer law yers. while practice before the civil and criminal courts of the citv and State accounts for a goodly number of pleaders: but it is to the enormous vol ume of business transactions that the greater number look for support. Manv of the great financial and commercial institutions have prominent lawyers at their heads and all of them are equipped with one or more salaried em ployes whose legal advice is indispen sable in transactions involving, as they frequently do. millions of dollars. In addition to these sources of income, there, were more than 115,000 transfers of real estate last year, involving something like $1,345,000 000, and most of them provided a handsome fee for a lawyer on either side of the transac tion. A Soldier of Fortune. President Roosevelt’s pardon of Capt. picturesque plague spot in the city. Before the year is out, most of the inhabitants will have removed to Brooklyn, where they are establishing a new Chinatown, and the narrow, crooked streets around Chatham Square are affording their last pic turesque spectacle to the “rubberneck” tourists in the celebration of the Chi nese new year which is now on. A11 the business transactions of the past twelve months have been closed, every Chinaman has paid his honest debts, all the prayers have been said, and the advent of the new year, which occur red on the morning of February 12, has been fittingly celebrated by the explosion of thousands of firecrackers, which a special ordinance of the Board of Aldermen passed at the interces sion of “Little Tim” Sullivan, who ranks next to Confucius in the Chi nese calendar of saints, permitted to be hung in ropes and festoons from house to house across the streets. Now, torxed out in their brightest na tive garb, the inhabitants of the quarter are making the customary new year calls and imbibing much good rice and liquor. So far not a “Chink” has been killed, however, and in that circumstance is read the sad fact that the glory of Chinatown has departed. New York’s Own Club. Nearly everybody in New York is from somewhere else and openly brags of alien attachments. There are sons and daughters of every State in the Union, and a few others, who in the office and on the street, at annual ban quets nnd more frequent smokers and teas sing the altogether desirableness of the elsewhere so loudly and insis tently that the patient but sorely tried and forgotten . Gothamite wonders what can be the matter with elseyhere as a place of permanent residence. But there is a limit even to patience, and at last New York is to have a club for New Yorkers exclusively. * The credit for the scheme, like that of many another brilliant idea, belongs to a group of brave women who contend that it is just as creditable to be a na tive of New York as to be a native of any other old place. It is to be a woman’s club in the most particular sense of the word, and the entertain ment of men guests will be limited strictly to the second Sunday evening of each month. Whenever a member develops a. case of masculine friend ship that seems to require greater at tention than that, she will be expect ed to take it elsewhere. The business meeting for the purpose of comparing notes on these and and other affairs will be held on the third Friday of every month at the Hotel Astor in Longacre Square. All the feminine best of the city Is expected to join the club, which already has a member ship past the half-hundred mark, it is asserted, but this surprising statement is accounted for by the fact that five years' residence is held to constitute a native. I "' ith harrow and thinning, a stunting Geor B . Boynton, “gun-runner” and I process sh . ou ' d he begun, on which the revolutionist of three continents and onf-fiocc nr fViA rilari /lonmiflc rtnm _ . your organization, it would have been im- ’ nT ' are dutifully careful of the land that possible to select for qiFr-rvnnce any other 1 lives in us. live in is safe so long as ' should usually be from eight to tw civic holiday having as broad and fitting significance as this. It memorizes the ' birth of one whose glorious deeds are transcendenrly above all others recorded n our national annals: and in memoriz- r ng the birth of Washington it commem- | orates the incarnation of all the virtues i and -all the ideals that made nnr na- ionality possible, and gave it promise of : rrowth and strength. It U a In.P lay that belongs exclusively to the American poo- j pie. All thnt Washington did was hound iji fn our national destiny. The battles be fought were fought for American lib- ' erty. and the victories he won gave us I in:lorn! ind-mend- IT’s cvcnmlo of I unselfish consecration and lofty patri- ! otism made manifest as in an onen book : that those virtues were conditions not j more vital to our nation’s beginning ' than to its development and durability. , Hi* faith in God. and the fortitude of his • faith, taught those for whom he wrought. ' that the surest strength of nations comes from the support of God's almighty arm Hi* universal and irraTected sympathy with those in every sphere of American life, his thorough knowledge of existing American conditions and his wonderf”,! foresight of tho«e yet to he. coupled with inches high when the stunting process V i - 1 ’ both hemispheres, has brought to light vclve „ ]ife-historv of adventure nnd strife a life-history of adventure and strife i which reads like an old-world romance is, done, and “look worse than you have i'mnsplant^ tra proskic age of bu* ! nvpr gppn Cfirn I.nnk hpfnrp ” cni’c ATr 1 _ . ^ *■ uuai TIE GOLDEN SW MD IFS BI-PRODUCTS WASHINGTON, 'Feb. 23.—Cotton and its products brought practically 500 million dollars into the United States Within a few days side corn in the ever seen corn look before.” says Mr. Williamson. The fertilizer used is a mixture of 300 pounds acid phosphate. 200 pounds kainit, and 100 pounds ni trate of soda. Put on Half Fertilizer. At this point, "when your corn has been sufficiently humiliated.” put on half the fertilizer in the old sweep fur row, on either side of the middle and cover by breaking out this middle with a turn plow. About one week after, treat the other middle the same way. ness. Capt. Boynton’s career as a sol- ■ dier of foreune began at 19 years of aee, when he ran away from home to I join a New York regiment in the Civil i : War where he earned a captian’s com- I mission for headlong daring. With an from foreign countries in the year just ended. The value of cotton, raw and manufactured, and its products in va rious forms exported during the year aggregated 4S3 million dollars and thus formed more than one-fourth of the total exports of the country in the year .- of its greatest export record. Figures just compiled by the Bureau of Sta tistics of the Department of Commerce and Labor show that the total value sential point in making a fine ear. and it should be applied unmixed with any other fertilizer. He says he is saisfied with one ear to the stalk, unless a prolific variety . .. T is planted, and leaves a hundred stalks I n exports ofcottonsent to Japan - - - compared with 1905, while to Canada Cotton and Its Products Amounted to One-Fourth of Onr Exports WASHINGTON, Feb. 22.—America’s pocketbook was enriched by practically $500,000,000 through its exportations last year of cotton and the products of that staple, according to a state ment issued today by the bureau of statistics of the Department of Com merce and Labor. The exports of the products amounted to one-fourth or 24 per cent of the $1,773,000,000 of the domestic exports. The following fig ures show the kind of cotton products exported last year and their value: Unmanufactured cotton, $413,137,936 manufactures of cotton, $43.961,04S; cotton seed oil, $13,993,431; cotton seed oil cake and meal, $14,165,268; cotton seed. $205,032; eottolene, lardene, etc., chiefly from cotton seed oil $4,801.07S: bringing the total exports of these products up to $4S9,304,6S1. Of the $413,000,000 worth of raw cot ton exports, $173,000,000 went to the United Kingdom; $109,000,000 to Ger many; $45,000,000 to France; $31,500,- 000 to Italy; nearly $7,000,000 to Bel gium; over $5,000,000 to Russia, and $1,000,000 to the Netherlands, while to Japan the exports were valued at over $11,000,000 and to Canada $7,- 333,000. The figures show a reduction middle with 16-inc-h sweep. Put all of, _ . . ... vour nitrate of soda in this furrow, it , for every bushel he expects to make. anada jess than 150 pounds: if more, use one- j He says further. “I find the 6-foot row . lnc J e .?f e ’ Ip half of it nnw Dover with one furrow I easiest to cultivate without inturinr ; Quantity the record show a falling off compared with 1905. the total num- in the furrow at the rate of at least a i I leave it 16 inches apart; for 75 bush- bushel to the acre and finish breaking , els 12 inches apart, and for 100 bushels j 8 inches apart. Corn should be planted ii powerful influence in th.* counsels i-.f j ° r ra ' v cotton exported in the calendar | year 1906 was 413 million dollars, this being the first calendar year in which i the exrort figures of raw cotton : touched or crossed the 400 million dol- . lar line.- | the hi de were to make or mar th- of an infant nation, mad-* him a tremen dous fertor in the m-’er'ic'ion and rflan- tinn of the constitutional chart by which the course of the newly launched reruib- lie oovM be safely sailed. And it was he who first took the helm and demonstrated for the guidance of all who micht suc ceed him. how and hi wh.it saint and Intent. the rec-'nrrihjtfies of our chief Notwithstanding the <1 freight barges on tvs and the degree n nervi*: - r.o-.v provld a- v of the times is t ow passe •ican : ernme by rj: but bus; rn*R thcr the-e ‘on saou'.d console t danger that this form of legts'i- •’ w ll be carried too far. Leaving de the socialistic character of many '■he proposed laws it is worth while perity dettnu farmer and re in ■be hrough harmo- this un- -.1 the mr trac :,r obse-v the growth of :i join t that O'— llvi-g O- de„d have need d him ow. nor wi’.i it h« plow, sow peas and break out. This lays by corn with good bed and plenty of dirt around the stalk. This should be from June 10 to June 20 (in this latitude) unless season is very late Manufactures of cotton aggregated and corn should hardly be bunching practically 43 million dollars, or more j for tassel, than in any earlier year except 1905 when they amounted to about 5G s ; mil lion In a few days side corn and other ! from 4 to 6 inches below the level, and middle with the same sweep, put bal- j laid by from 4 to 6 inches above. No ance of nitrate of soda in this furrow, j hoeing should be necessary and mid- If it has been divided cover with turn ! dies may be kept clean until time to Lay by early. More corn Is ruined by late plowing than by lack of plowing, ollars. Cotton-seed oil exported i This is when the ear is hurt. Two added another 14 millions to the total. : good rains after laying by should make and c::ton-seed oil cake and meal still • you a good crop of corn, and it will another 14 millions. Added to thi: • ! a quarter of a million dollars’ worth of cotton seed, while presumably a large , proportion of the nearly 5 million dol- - lars' worth of lard compounds and sub stitutes exported under the name of cootolene. iardine, etc., was composed largely of cotton-seed oil. thus bring ing the aggregate exportation of the luct ”f the cotton fields of the is : certainly make with much less break out. by using harrow, or by running one shovel furrow in center middle and bedding on that with one or more rounds of turn plow.” He does not pull fodder or cut tops; nor does he cut peavines or pick peas. Al! these go back into the soil and are worth, according to him, $15 to $20 an acre as fertilizer. Any practical man may follow the plan, which requires less work than the old way. and so far results indicate rain that South Carolina can raise the exop bc-r of pounds shipped during that year being 4.137,154.935, while for 1996 they were only 3.S50.299.03C. The falling off in the quantity, however, was more | than offset by the increase in price of : cotton exports, the increase in value ' in 1906 exceeding the previous year by $21,000,000. Of the cotton manufac- j tures exported, the bulk of it went to countries other than Europe. The value of cotton cloths exported last year was $32,500,000, of which a little over $500,000 went to Europe, $16,750,- 000 to China. $5,000,000 to other Asiastic countries and about $3,000,000 worth went to the West Indian Islands, exclu sive of Porto Rico: $1,500,000 to Cen tra] America and more than three- quarters of a million dollars’ worth to Canada. than if pushed and fertilized in the old , of Iowa on one-fourth the area, the wav. 1 product being worth more than twice The stalks will be verv small and will as much here on account of the higher not require anything like the amount value of corn. of moisture. Do not be discouraged by the small appearance of the stalks*: the corn will make out of all proportion to its size. As the State of South Carolina has something like twelve million acres of land available for this purpose, not now utilized, it will be seen what a revo- Mr. Williamson considers the final lution this would make, If the plans tlie Southern States the wonder of the try * service are above all praise. * But it j United States up to about 490 million application of nltrjite of soda an es- fulfill expectations, NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS. Examine label on your pa per. It tells how you stand on the books. Due from date on the label. Send in dues and ,^iso rejoew for the year 1907,