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TELEGRAPH
THE TV/ICE-A-WEEK
TnwAa.y, July % 1B0T
THE JUNCTION POINT GAifijAbE COLIiCTOSS
OF THE TALK TRACKS: MO |(J K[f| STRIKE
EPIDEMIC OF DISEASE.
Story of the Evolution of the Telephone Switchboard— NEW Y0RK CITY ' N PERIL 0F AN | ing brought out
This Summer Sees Its Thirtieth Anniversary—
First true Device for Connecting the Avenues of
Speech Contrasted With the Intricate Apparatus
Employed Today
ROSTOV. July 1.—Next to the an-l of usefulness has been found for such
XEW YORK. July 1.—Two thous
and garbage collectors and an equal
number of ice wagon drivers are
strike here and the oity is In peril of
an epidemic of disease.
A conference between Commssioner
Craven of the street cieaning depart
ment and a committee representing
the striking cart drivers will be held
tomorrow. The men demanded
hours as a weeks work, with 25 cents
niversary of Alexander Graham Bell's
invention of the telephone Instrument,
no Industrial birthday is more inter
esting—and none, perhaps, Is more
important—than are tiie birthdays of
the lirst telephone line and the first
switchboard, which fall together about
Bow. Thirty years ago in April a sin
gle wire was strung from the factory
in Boston where Bell's instruments
were made to the manufacturer's resi
dence in .Somerville, two or three
miles out in the suburbs. This was
the first telophno line ever construct
ed—the primal ancestor of the seven 1902 ’no
and a half million miles of wire which I t) 0ar( j
mechanically worked exchanges. Bu-[ an j) 0Ur over-time: no lines without a
the contention of telephone engineer
that "automatic” equipment will never,
in cities and towns of any considerable
size, supplant higlflv perfected me
chanism operated by skilled, trained
intelligence at the' central station
seems to be borne out by the United
States Census Bureau’s bulletin on
manufactures issued last month,
which says, after describing the differ
ent types of switchboards: "These
manual boards constitute a very large
proportion of the boards included in
the present statistics. There were in
war than I0.S42 manual
use, and while no detailed
hearing and substitution of suspension
for fines. Today the situation grew
hourly worse. With one hundred la
borers expected from Philadelphia
Commissioner Craven believs there will
be 300 men at work tomorrow.
A CENTURY’S EVENTS IN
IRON, STEEL AND COAL.
now connect more than three million j figures ar e given, It is the fact that
Extracts from certain data publish
ed in the Iron and. Coal Trades Review
of London show some remarkable fea
tures in the way of landmarks of pro
gress and the use of coal, iron and
steel in regard to the American inrlus-
ubscribers’ "stations" in the Bell sya- ; ncarlv all of the'central switchboards *nr during the past 100 years as fol-
tom. At the beginning of the summer
of 1S77, soon after the erection of the
first telephone line, several wires ra
diating from a common center were
and private exchange boards made in
the census year were also of the man
ual variety.” It has recently been
ated on good authoritv that while
for the first time inter-connected by , -hero are 3,000.000 and more telephones
of a crude device which,
through evolution, has become the
huge, intricate, highly perfected
switchboard of today.
Next to the telephone itself the
switchboard is the most marvelous and
most necessary feature of the commu
nicating system. The work of the lino
builders has been the most snectacu-
lnr, no doubt, but It would, after all,
have counted for but little were it not
allied with the inventive genius that
devis, d the means of .ioining into one
any two of the myriads of copper
threads by which our voices are car
ried far and near.
The earliest attempt at inter-connec
tion on the general plan of the ex
change as we understand it today was
made in Boston In May, 1877. There
was then operating In this city a com-
which provided electrical burglar I tral
connected with the Bell system, and
2,000,000 or .so connected with "inde
pendent’’ lines, only about 100,000 of
all these are “automatic” instruments.
The rate at which facilities for verbal
communication by wire have expanded,
till now the Bell system alone lias in
use one Instrument for every 28 men.
women and children in the United States,
and the enormous cost of this growth,
are probably the most impressive things
In American industrial history. They
are pucacsted it, th- c.,;d figures of the
census report already referred to when it
says: "The total value of telephonic ap
paratus manufactured, as reported In the
census of 3305. had a value of S13.863.fi9S,
as ■■ r.r::r■ '!-<•< 1 with $10 512.412 for tile cen
sus of 1900. These figures do not reveal
all the facts, for during the period cov
ered no greater activity was shown in any
department of electrical application than
In telephony.
“The value returned for the 4,283 cen-
itchboards was $3.1-4.417, to which
alarm service. It had a central sta-1 should he added the 31917 private ex-
tion whore the alarm signals were lo- ' chance hoards of a value of $364 795. mak-
eated, connected by wires with the a total of $5,719,242. To this should
premises of its various subscribers. £ rSpoH?d°f te?ep°ho£l! wte
v ho were chiefij hankers and mer- ntl( j cmppjjcs. The subscriber’s appara-
chants. Arrangements were made for f „ s used in connection with these ex- ^ . . ,, . , . ,,
the use of these lines and the central I change hoards and smaller equipments: 1S36—Crane hot blast for Anthracite
nation as an experimental telephone 1 was reported as having a value of $8.003.. '
exchange. Telephones were attached tf '
lows:
1807— Fulton steamboat makes Its
first trip on the Hudson.
1808— French constructed oscilliatlng
marine engine.
1509— Production of pig iron in the
United States was 53,908 tons.
1510— United States patent granted
to Reutgen for rolling iron rounds with
grooved rolls.
1511— Rolling mill built at Fittsburg
by C. Cowan.
1812—First use of Anthracite in the
manufacture of iron.
ISIS—First blast furnace built in Ala
bama.
1819—First coke used in American
blast furnace in Pennsylvania.
1S19—Bituminous coal first used in
U. S. to produce pig iron.
1825—Anthracite coal first used for
steam raising in U. S.
1828—First passenger railway in the
U. S. commenced (Baltimore and Ohio.)
1530— Production of pig iron in U. S.
155.000 tons.
1531— First application for patent in
the U. S. for smelting with anthracite
and not blast.
1834— Bitumous coal discovered ,1n
Alabama.
1835— Henry Burden invented the
machine-made horseshoe.
fivi
35. of which 86.483.43$ was represented
by complete sets of transmitters and re-
of the circuits—three in banks, , ,,. . . ... ......
ice of a firm of bankers. | - And - this ,s j:l5; the aDI>aratul
nd equipment for central offices had sub
scribers’ stations, taking no account of
tile expenditures upon the outside lines,
overhead, underground, and submarine.
I U.
S. DEPARTMENT
OF AGRICULTURE.
one in the off!
and one in the office of the manufac
turer of the instruments—and repeat
edly the wires were so connected in
tiie alarm company’s headquarters that
conversations were carried on between
tiie several subscribers. j
The crude apparatus used for mak- :
ing these connections could hardly be j ~~~
called a switchboard, though it served. > following data, covering a period
in its small way, the same purposes as etght years, have been comoiled
does the largest modern exchange, j from the Weather Bureau records at
But it contained the germ of a great; Macon, Ga. They are issued to show
idea. It started experimentations as . the conditions that have prevailed, dur-
tho result of which there was put intof, ng tho month in q Ues uon, for the
operation the following January a real I . . , - . .
telephone central office. Dbwn in , above period of years, but must not be
Bridgeport, Conn., there was a private ! construed as a forecast of the weatli-
telegraph system, private telegraphy er conditions for the coming month
being a sort of social fad at that time; Where records for more than eight
nnd among the enthusiasts connected years are available the number of years
with it was Thomas B. Doolittle, ai- ; is given in parenthesis,
ready the inventor of many Ingenious : Month, July, for eight years,
devices, and soon to he the producer | Temperature,
of many more. Mr. Doolittle attached : Mean or normal temperature, 81 deg.
the telephone instrument to his society 1 (33).
telegraph wires, modified the switch-| The warmest month was that of 1878,
hoard through which the lines had
heen connected, so that it could be
manipulated by an operator, and at
tached signal hells to ail the circuits
as a means of calling the operator’s
attention. There were twenty sub
scribers served by this pioneer switch-
hoard.
In the same month that Mr. Doo
little put his switchboard into opera
tion. tho first fully equipped commer
cial telephone exchange ever estab
lished fo.r public or goneral service
was opened in Xow Haven. Conn. It
was a success from the start, and no
sooner was the success of the Xew
Haven undertaking apparent than
other cities began installing central
offices. The possibilities thus given
the telephone thus increased its pop
ularity enormously in spite of the
doubts and hesitation nearly everyone
showed in the early days. June 30.
1877. there were 230 telephones in
regular use—230 telephones in the
•whole world thirty years ago today,
■where now there are upwards of 7,-
000.000. Within a month after the
number had more than trebled; with
in two months it had been multiplied
by six; and by the spring of 1SS0,
when the American Bell Telephone
Company, the first concern to attempt
the unification of the telephone sys
tem which alone gives ?t its full value,
took up the business there were in
operation some 61.000 transmitting
and receiving telephones. Meantime
the central offices had multiplied
wonderfully, and by March. 1881
there were In the United States only
nine cities of more than 10 000 inhabi
tants. and only one of more than 15,-
000. without a telephone exchange.
The early switchboards were curious
contraptions beside the modern type
of apparatus. They took several
forms before the "multiple board”
used by the Bell companies for nearly
twenty years now was worked out.
At first they had signal bells of dif
ferent tones, one at the end of each
subscriber’s circuit, tiie distinctive
tone indicating which line was "ring
ing up." Then numbered drops were
adopted, each line having a metallic
shutter in the front of the hoard
which, when the subscriber turned the
generator crank at the side of his
telephone instrument, fell so as to
display the number of his line. And
finally came the “common battery”
switchboard now in use in all large
cities and being adapted to smaller
exchanges. In which the operator’s i
signal is given by a tiny tncadescent
electric lamp. The nn« place in the
telephone system where a hell never
rings is now the central office.
Some of the early switchboards were
big frames set along the side of the j
operating room, the connections being i
made by boys who ran from ope point I
to another as the calls came in. Others 1
with an average of 85 deg. (31).
The coldest month was that of 1892,
with an average of 7S deg. (31).
The highest temperature was 101
deg. on 12th.. 1901 and 1st., 1902.
The lowest temperature was 60 deg.
on 2nd., 1S99.
The earliest date on which first
"killing'’ frost occurred in autumn,
November 5. 1S99.
Average date on which first "killing”
frost occurred in autumn. March 15.
Average date on which last "killing”
frost occurred in spring. April IS, 1905.
Tho latest date on which last "kill
ing" frost occurred in spring.
Precipitation (rain er melted snow).
Average for the month, 4.61 inches.
(33).
Average number of days with .01 of
an inch or more. 12.
The greatest monthly precipitation
was 8.67 inches in 1S76, (33).
The last monthly precipitation was
iron furnaces patented.
1836—First rolling mill built in the
Leihi Valley.
1S39—First iron steamboat built.
1840—Production of pig iron in the
U. S. 286.903 tons.
1840—First suqcessful attempt to use
Bitumous coal in blast furnaces in the
U. S. (Western Maryland.)
1840—Anthracite for smelting iron
ore introduced in Xew Jersey.
3S42—R. L. Stevens protected a
floating battery in America with armor
plate.
1844—The first ton of T rails rolled
in America.
1844—-Horseshoes first made by ma
chinery In the U. S.
1850—Production of pig iron in U.
S. 564.755 tons.
1S51—Fowie, of Philadelphia, patent
ed. air-driven pursuasive rock drill.
1854— United States produced 12.5
par cent of the world’s pig iron ton
nage.
1855— The American Iron and Steel
Association, Philadelphia, founded on
March 6.
1857—The Kelley converter process
patented in the United States.
1859— Petroleum discovered in Penn
sylvania by S. E. Drake.
1860— Production of pig iron in the
United States 919,770 tons.
1863—First open-hearth furnace
(gas) laid down in the United States.
1564— First heat of Bessemer steel
made by William F. Durfee, in Ameri
ca. at Wyondotte. Mich.
1565— First Bessemer steel rails
made in America were rolled at Xorth
Chicago.
1867— George Fritz. In Pennsylvania,
invented blooming mill to roll steel
ingots into blooms.
3$67—Manufacture of steel castings
introduced in America.
1868— The first Seimans-Martin
open-hearth furnace built in America,
at Trenton. X. J.
18.69—First regenerative furnace for
puddling iron in the United States.
1S70—Production of pig iron in the
United States 1,865.000 tons.
1871—First American Iron trans-At-
&
AUTO RAN OVER 40
FOCTJBANKINT
ORTOXVILLE. Minn.. July 1.—An
•who believed himself not to be my | automobile containing Charles anil
j husband." The family refuse to divulge ; waiter Rucholz and child today ran
j the whereabouts of the old man. He ; full speed over a sheer embankment
has promised to visit his brother at of forty feet into Rig Stone lake, land—
Pavonia Sunday, and they are plan- ! j ng right side up in twentv feet of
ning to have all the family present, j water. Charles Bucholz was ‘internally
They will make a supreme effort to hurt by the steering wheel and may
efface the second personality. " -
THE DEBUTANTE'S CATECHISM. ( hospital, somewhere in Eleventh street, 1
Xew York, where there was a doctOT 1
(To be carefully committed to mem- j named Fithian. “He told me I was j
ory by young girls who are entering. Charles Johnson,” the old man would j
on their first season.) : cry again and again, as they would
Q. Who are you? 'call him bv name.
A. A society deputante j Wife Give* Him Up.
Q. What is a society debutante. : «j w-ould n0 { have him among us |
A. A girl of eighteen who is going : a g a i nst his will.” said his resigned:
through t.ie important process of be- jwife. "How could I live with a man j
Q. Who brings you out?
A. My mother.
Q. For what purpose?
A. For the purpose of what is tech
nically termed "getting you off.”
Q. Explain the meaning of this tech
nical term “getting you off.”
A. It means to convey me bodily,
with all my contingent advantages,
drawbacks and expenses of mainte
nance, to the first eligible man who
Is willing to take an assignment of
the property.
Q. What is an eligible man?
A. A man begins .to be eligible at
ten thousand pounds a year, and his
eligibility increases upward In arith
metical progression.
Q. Of what age is the eligible man?
A. He may be of any age from 20 to
80.
Q. Of what appearance is he?
A. He may he of any appearance
from a Belvedere Apollo to an Orange
Outang. But he is more often in
clined to the latter appearance.
Q. Of what character is he?
A. He may be of good character, or,
as is more frequently the case, of no
character.
Q. Of what nationality is he?
A. The eligible man may he of any
nationality, or (which is more usual)
a conglomeration of all nationalities
from Palestine westward.
Q. What is a society wedding?
A. A ceremony in the course of
which, amid the most sacred surround
ings, and the most solemn formulas,
the greatest possible amount of lies
and perjury is compressed into the
smallest possible compass of words.
Q. Where are these perjuries com
mitted?
A. At the altar of a smart church.
Q. By whom are they committed?
A. By both the bridegroom and the
bride, who. in the name of God, make
all sorts of solemn promises that they
have no intention whatever of carry
ing out.
Q. Is there any sin in committing
perjury under such conditions?
A. There is no sin but rather a vir
tue in so doing.
Q. By what proofs can you support
this?
A. By the presence and approval of
my dear father and mother, and by
the benediction of the Bishop or other
high ecclesiastical dignitary, who per
forms the ceremony.
Q. What is a -detrimental?
A. A good-looking but impecunious
young man whose attentions I have
repelled coldly before marriage and
shall encourage warmly afterwards.
Q. What are children?
A. The plague of married life, from
which it is my most earnest and pious
wish that I may be exempted.
Q. What is the maternal instinct?
A. A fashionable sentiment among
our ancestors which went out with
bonnets, chaperones and table-centers.
Q. What it a heart?
’ A. An internal organ connected with
the circulation of- the blood.
Q. What is love?
A. A form of mental disease describ
ed by poets and writers of fiction, but
only prevalent in the present day
among the lower orders.— London
Truth.
INTERESTING GOSSIP
FROM NATION’S CAPITOL
WASHIXGTOX, June 30.—General
James H. Baker, of Minnesota, who
was commissioner of pensions under
President Gr$nt, has been visiting rel
atives here. He tells a good story of
an encounter with an aged man who
asked him for money with which to
buy a drink. General Baker was wait
ing for a car, when the old'fellow, who
noted the G. A. R. button on the gen
eral’s coat, saluted and made his re
quest, declaring that he had fought
in the war. General .Baker doubted
the man's statement and said so, ask
ing why he wore neither his button nor
the uniform. The old man replied that
he had an unfortunate appetite for
strong drink and that, when going on
a spree, he put aside all the insignia
for the reason that he did not want to
disgrace them. To prove his assertion
he produced an old worn envelope out
of which he took a pension certificate
dated 1873 and bearing General Bakers
own signature. He got his pittance.
Secretary Wilson, who. as everyone
knows, hails from Iowa, is engaged in
a pretty feud with F. D. Coburn, secre
tary of the Kansas Board of Agricul-
ture. The row started two years ago
die. Walter Bueliolz is in a serious
condition. The child escaped.
THIS DOG A TELEPATHIST.
Able to Tell Mistress Whether Master
is Coming Home to Supper.
CLEVELAXD, July 1.—Mrs. Henry
Glenzer, of Xo. 1S3 Cork avenue. Lake-
wood, hate a pet dog that tells her
whether her husband is coming home
for supper.
"I don’t know how the dog knows
whether Kis master is coming home,”
said Mrs. Glenzer tonight: "but he has
never failed me yet. I merely yell:
‘Rover, get your master’s slippers: it
is nearly time to meet him.’ If the dog
leaps up, and, taking the slippers in
his mouth, runs across the fields to
meet my husband. I cook supper for
him and myself. But if Rover merely
wags his tail and makes no move to
ward the slippers, I know Mr. Glenzer
is working overtime, and I prepare
supper only for myself.”
NEW READING OF Will
COST HER (000,000
UNIQUE PHILADELPHIA COIN
DEAL ALSO FIGURES IN
HOUSEKEEPER’S CLAIM
ON ESTATE
Broken Rail Was
Cause of Accident
FAYETTEVILLE, Ark.. July 1.—
The Frisco’s fast Southbound cannon
ball train, was wrecked five miles from
hero at S o’clock Sunday morning as a
result of a wash-out. Ten passengers
were injured, or.e seriously.
A heavy freight had passed ovc-r tiie
track after storm, breaking a section
from the rail, nearly two feet in length
which was not noticed by the crew.
when Secretary Wilson put Kansas in (Engineer Stevenson was but a few
the class of 'arid” States. Instantly from the trouble when he saw it. and
there "as a long howl from every as it was too late to stop the train,
armor in Kansas and Secretary Co- i with presence of mind, he opened the
burn promptly issued a pamphlet show- throttle wide with the hope of running
A PUZZLING CASE OF
I
A MAN FAILS TO RECOGNIZE WIFE
AND CHILDREN AND .IMAG
INES HIMSELF ANOTHER.*
1.15 Inches in 1901. (33).
The greatest amount of precipitation lantic steamship built at Cramp
recorded in any 24 consecutive hours I Son's ship yard. Philadelphia,
was 2.02 inches on 23rd and 24th 1902. : 1S73—Manufacture of tin plates first
The greatest amount of snowfall re- Introduced in the United States
corded in any 24 consecutive hours | (Wellsville. O.)
(record extending to winter of 1SS4-S3 j 1873 —Natural gas first used in
only) was — inches on . I American iron works.
Clouds and Weather. ! 1876—Committee on nomenclature of
Average number of clear days, 7; j iron and sleel_met at Philadelphia.
partly cloudy days. 17: cioudv days 7
Wind.
The prevailing winds have been from
the South.
The average hourly velocity of the
wind is 4.8.
The highest velocity of the wind was|T.
1S77—Bell Telephone first used ih
| United States.
i 1SS0—Production of pig iron in the
United States 4,295,414 tons.
1SS2—A. L. Holley received the Bes
semer medal, and died at Brooklyn, X.
55 miles from the South on July
1902.
Station: Macon, Ga.
Date of issue: June 29. 3 907.
W. A. MITCHELL.
* ^Observer, Weather Bureau.
HONEST RAILS TO BE DEAR.
11,1 1882—F. W. Shippen used petroleum
’ j as blast furnace fuel at Meadville, Pa.
| 1S44—First bassic steel made experi
mentally at Steelton, Pa.
; 3SS5—The Bessemer casting pit first
dispensed with in America.
18S6—Last charcoal furnace operat-
j ed in the Lehigh Valley.
1SSS—Edgar Thomson rail mill de-
Capt. W. R.
were like elongated tables, the switch- j . . Z*
sockets being set into the flat top nnd ! SAX AXTOXIO. Tex.. July 1.-—A
the cords for connecting them being special to the Express from Saltillo,
suspended from the celling. Appara- i Mexico, says:
tus of this sort was clumsy and slow '■ A plan to rid the sidewalks and pub-
to operate, besides being limited in the 1 He gardens of the street beggars 's
number of lines it could provide for. : under advisement by the Federal au-
It was abandoned in tiie United States j thorities of Mexico. A commission is
n quarter of a century ago. but it : to be appointed to investigate the
is a curious commentary on the lack i matter.
of progressiveess in some directions of ! It I s the intention to compel al! able
The Cassatt Soecificatlon Bars the Steel signed and started by
Trust’s Air Holes. : T or1( -<;
makers.^rett:'• riir.g'front ^confereame’Tn Xew 1 l 888 —Basic steel first produced
York with the railroad men tell for the commercially in the United States,
first time what .caused the United States] 1889—Capt. W. R. Jones killed by
ed trust to demand $5 a ton advance ! an accident at the Edgar Jones steel
manufacture of the proposed Cas- j mill.
1890—The Iron and Steel Institute
met in America for the first time.
1S90—W. D. Alien and Hon. Abram
S. Hewitt received Bessemer medals.
1890—Production of pig iron in the
United States 10,307,000 tons.
1899— The world’s production of pig
iron was 39.100.000 tons, of which the
United States produced 34.6 per cent,
1 men have cut off i and Germany and Luxenburg 20.7 per
u 1 ’"■* ■‘’" cent.
1S99—Basic open-hearth steel
commercially manufactured i:
United States. (Alabama.)
1900— Production of pig iron in the
United States 13.7S9.242 tons.
1904— The Iron and Steel Institute
met in America for the second time.
1905— The world’s production of pig
iron exceeded 54.500,000 tons, of which
the United States produced 42.7 per
cent.
1906— Joint meeting of the American
Institute of Mining Engineers and the
Iron and Steel Institute in London.
for tl
satt rail
Under the specifications furnished by
the Pennsylvania Railroad for the Cas
satt rail the steel makers will he com
pelled to cut off 27 nor cent from the
ton of each ingot from which the rail is
made.
The late President Cassatt always de
clared that airholes formed at the 'top of
every Ingot. and that the rails were
weakened by their nreseni
Heretofore the ste-
about 2 ner cent of
specifications for the
25 per cent.
MEXICAN AUTHORITIES ARE
PLANNING TO OUST BEGGARS
but th
satt rail call for
rails
the
our trans-Atlantic cousins that it is
still in use in some of the Government
operated exchanges of Europe. Xo
doubt their backwardness in adopting
improvements accounts for the small
development of European telephone
systems as compared with the devel
opment in this, country.
Tn the last few years there have
been devised so-called "automati •*"
telephone systems In which the sub
scriber does the work of making con
nections between his lines and the
lines of other subscribers, instead of
that work bei: g done by an operator in
the central office. In small communi
ties where the expense of giving dav-
td-night. Sunday-and-holiday. a'l-
-year-rountl service by irean:
bodied men who are found begging to
learn some trade by which they can
make a living. Already there is a law-
in Mexico restricting begging to cer
tain days.
DOZEN PEOPLE HURT IN
DERAILMENT OF CAR.
RROCTOX. Mass., July 1.—A dozen
people were badly hurt in the derailment
] of an electric car of the Old Colony street
railway line here tonight.
STEAMER PERSIAN GOT
HOLE FROM COLLISION.
SYRIAN EMIGRANT FATALLY
WOUNDED HIS WIFE.
BOSTON. July 1.—The steamer
Persian arrived today from Philadel-1
pliia with a hole in her bow and sev
eral plates damaged as the result of
a collision in Pollock Rip Slue. Vine
yard Sound last night with another
steamer supposed to be tiie British
steamer Hesperides. from Boston to
The Persian teas not
PARIS. July 1.—A Syrian emigrant.
-sa Hi a-, on his way from Shreveport
t.. to Revruth. shot his wife and mor-
11 v wounded her. He attempted to shoot
s five children also, but was seized liy
titer passengers, who tried to lynch him. i the brother. “Let me show you.”
BURLINGTON, N. J., Juno 30.—Re
stored aiive to his family after having
been mourned four years as dead, but
lost to himself, is the strange sacLfate
of Ccharles P. Brewin, for thirty years
a staunch citizen of this old Revolu
tionary town. He is a man that was.
To himself Charles P. Brew-in is
child with but two years of memory, in
pite of the three score that have set
snow on his head. He is now,
thinks, Charles Johnson, a gray little
tailor, whose interest in life does not
extend much beyond his “goose.” whose
economy includes naught but his daily
bread, and whose love and affection
never having been reborn to illumine
the blank wail or aphasia, knows not
wife nor child. Yet wife and children
are weeping over him. trying to per
suade the amazed little man he is of
their flesh and blood.
A stranger case of dual identity, with
oneself dead, has seldom been dis
closed. Physicians who have known
the whilom tailor as the prosperous
Charles P. Brewin say the pressure of
a small bone on the skull is the cause
of all the trouble, but “Charles John
son” knows naught of medical science
and cares less, and he is very much
averse to having doctors open his head
to see what is the matter.
His dual history dates from four
years ago, in November when his wife
and children awoke to find him gone.
He had heen a deacon for a generation
in the First Baptist Church of this
city, and was prominently identified
with the G. A. R. These and other or
ganizations gave aid in the search. The
curtain seemed to fail on the last act
when the missing man’s hat was found
on a Jersey Central ferry-boat in Xew
York, with a note, telling his wife he
would die. During his service in the
war he suffered sunstroke, which
brought on a neurotic condition inter
mittently, and this was charitably
ascribe as the cause for his act, by the
friends and family who loved him.
There were trials for the family in th«
years that followed. The son took up
the business of tailoring, and the wife
opened a bakeshop. The disappearance
of Brewin was not a mystery to them.
He was dead and a memory.
Discovered by Chance.
Monday last Alfred 'Woolman, a trol
ley conductor, was taking his car into
Plainfield when he thought he recog
nized a weakened-faced old man, and
called him by name..
“I am not Charles Brewin.” cried the
old man. “I am Charles Johnson.” He
sprang from the car and disappeared
Woolman told Frank, the missing
man’s son. and Will, his brother, who
lives at Pavonia. Tuesday they set out
for Plainfield and found the little tail
or busheiing a suit of clothes. The
son walked on him abrupty, cryingt
“Father, don’t you remember me?"
The old man took his eyes from his
board, and stared blankly at the
youth. He appeared bewildered, but
there was no ray of recognition.
"Xo, I do not know you. I never
had a son. I was never married,” he
said, and returned to his tailoring.
"But. Charlie, you surely remember
me—Will?” cried the brother.
“Will—Xo I do not remember Will.
I never knew Will.” And he turned
again to his work.
“Don't you remember when we were
kids: I hit you and cut your lip? There
is the scar' yet.”
The old man felt of the scar, but
shook his head. He took a bunch of
keys from his pocket to unfasten his
locker.
"That's the key ring that Uncle Ned
gave you when j-ou were a boy.” cried
ing that Kansas produces more stuff
than Iowa, and that in the production
of wheat and corn combined Kansas
leads al! the States in the Union. This
direct jab at Iowa hurt Mr. Wilson,
and when the green, hug was devasta
ting the Kansas wheat fields recentl.v
the Secretary of Agriculture ignored
Secretary Coburn and issued advise to
the Kansas farmers direct. This ad
vice was to the effect that the farmers
of Kansas should plant turkey ret*
wheat. The Secretary said that in 1897
he had made some experiments with
this wheat and found that it withstood
the ravages of hugs hotter than any
other variety. The advice was contain
ed In the form of a letter, which was
published in all the Kansas newspa
pers. Coburn let it get its widest pub
licity and then he gave out a state
ment himself, showing that for the last
20 years Kansas has produced practi
cally no other kind of wheat. Imme
diately. millers and wheat growers all
through the country began to poke fun
at "Farmer” Wilson for making experi
ments in 1897 with wheat which Kan
sas had grown successfully and almost
exclusively for a decade prior to that
year. This hasn't served to sweeten
Secretary Wilson’s temper, and the
war between the head of the Agricul
tural Department and the Kansas of
ficial promises to be more interesting
than ever.
A new plan for connecting the Mis
sissippi with the South Atlantic is now
attracting attention. Lewis H. Haupt,
a well-known engineer, would con
struct a ship canal reaching from
Cairo, Ill., to Brunswick. Ga. He as
serts that this route is only 1308 miles
long and that it would be the shortest
and most practicable connection ob
tainable between the Mississippi Val
ley and the Atlantic Coast. Mr. Haupt
would utilize a number of the rivers
of the South, and thinks that the en
tire canal could be constructed for
$40,000,000. He is confident that it
would pay for itself in thirty years.
Interesting information concerning
the plans and ambitions of Senator
LaFollette have been brought to Wash
ington from Wisconsin. According to
this information the Badger State is
going to indorse the Senator for Presi
dent. and he will go to the Repub
lican national convention next year
with its 26 delegates behind him.
There is a string to the delegation,
however, for it wiK be thrown to
Roosevelt provided the President re
considers his refusal to accept a third
term. There is one thing, though that
LaFollette will not do, according to
the report, and that is support Presi
dent’s Roosevelt choice in the conven
tion. His phsition may' seem rather
paradoxical, but it may be explained
on the ground that the Senator, while
willing to vote for Roosevelt for an
other term, holds a grudge against
him personally. He contends that the
President has been ‘mocking’ him. and
has said so to a number of his per
sonal friends. Mr. Roosevelt, the Sen
ator declares, classes him as an ex
tremist and as- an unsafe man to have
in the’Wliite House.
over the gap
The engine, baggage car. smoker and
chair car passed safely over, but t io
heavy Pullmans refused to follow. The
dining car and two sleepers turned over
Most of the damage was done in the
dining car. The injuries were confined
almost entirely to cuts and bruises.
R. R. Weems, of Vanburen, was more
seriously injured than any one else
but will live.
Others injured were:
J. E. Harness. St.. Louis.
Mrs. McGehee. Kentucky.
F. E. Adams. Biackrock, Ark.
Mrs. G. N. Callahan. Fort Smith.
J. J. Xessbaumer, San Antonia. Tex
Miss Robertson, of Snringfieid, Mo.
B. L. Barry, Dailis, Texas.
A. F. Dunyan, Richmond. Vn.
F. E. Goodman, St. Augustine. Fla.
FALL RIVER LINE STEAMER
COLLIDED WITH SCHOONER.
NEWPORT. R. L., July 1.—During
very thick weather and a rough sea
the Fail River line steamer Puritan,
from New York for Newport and F;V
River, ran into and badly damaged the
schooner Mildred A. Pope, off F^tikners
Island, near Xew Haven last night.
There was no loss of life, although
Captain Robbins of the schooner and
two of his crew and the mate’s wife
were rescued with great difficulty.
PITTSBURG, July 3.—Believing
that it was the wish of his dying
brother, Robert K. Wilson turned over
to his cousin. Miss Mary Baird, the
entire estate of the deceased, valued at
$250,000, only- to have it forced back
on him by a decision of Judge Miller,
handed down in the Orphans' Court
A few complications are also added ta
the case.
When David G. Wilson died in Feb
ruary. 1906, he left a will bequeath ini
his entire estate to his brother ana
‘naming the latter as executor. A let
ter attached to the will was. howevet,
interpreted as a codicil by the execu
tor, and he turned the estate over to
Miss Baird, who for many years had
heen housekeeper for her bachelor
cousins on their large estate at Leets-
dale.
Included in the estate was a rare
collection of old coins. These Miss
Baird gave to her nephew, P. Leet
Oliver (the young millionaire who was
killed in an automobile accident at
Xew Haven. Conn., a few days ago,
and who was buried here), for ap
praisement. He fixed a low price and
she sold the collection to a Mr. Chap
man. of Philadelphia, for $8,S00. Tho
latter resold it for $15,000. and Miss
Baird sued fcg- its return, claiming
misrepresentation. This suit is now
pending.
Judge Miller in his decision decrees
that the letter left by David G. Wil
son provides that Miss Baird receive
$40,000, not tho whole estate, and or
ders the fortune turned over to Rob
ert K. Wilson.
BODY OF.DEAD FARMER FOUND
IN YARD OF NEGRO FAMILY.
COLUMBIA, 8. C.. July 1.—The
body of Dick Williams, a farmer about
40 years old. was found in the yard
of a negro family named Baker, near
Springfield early this morning. It Is
alleged that when hailed Williams re
fused to give his name or his busi
ness, whereupon a boy of the family-
shot him to death.
Late tonight it is said that a posse
of fifty men are in search of the boy
who did the killing and it is feared
that he will he lynched if captured.
PROF. KARL HAU’S DEFENSE
MENTAL IRRESPONSIBILITY.
KARLSRUHE, Germany. July 1.—
Notwithstanding that he has been for
mally examined and pronounced sane by
experts, ti is probable that mental irre
sponsibility will play a part in the defense
of Karl Hau. the young professor for
merly attached to George Washington
University, who is charged with the mur
der of his mother-in-law. Frau Molitor.
The trial will begin on July 17 and his
counsel have given notice that thov will
call Prof. Schaffenberger, of Cologne, as
an expeht on insanity.
Although "reatlv affected by tiie sui
cide of his wife, who drowned herself near
Zurich a few weeks ago. Hau hears up
'well. He occupies a room alone In prison,
which was given him at his own request.
He is given considerable liberty-.
MONKEY COMMITS SUICIDE.
CHICAGO. Juiy 1—"Hooligan” lov
ed a young woman and mourned when
she left. He committed suicide by
hanging himself from a gas fixture by-
means of a chain attached to his neck.
This tragic ending was the last of
three attempts made by "Hooligan”—
a monkey*—to kill himself.
“Hooligan" was tile name of a small
pet reared by- the family of Charles
Keller. 2107 Michigan avenue. Kath
erine Carson, a nineteen-year-old girl
who lived there, formed an attachment
for the little animal and devoted much
of her spare time to his amusement.
Several months ago Miss Carson
left to be married. "Hooligan” was in
despair. He haunted the room for
merly occupied by the young woman
and wandered disconsolately- through
the house looking for her cheering
presence.
Six weeks ago the monkey made
two attempts to kill himself. !•<> had
grown thin and ematiated and refused
to eat. One day he was found stretch
ed out on the floor near the chai*
where Miss Carson was accustomed to
sit nnd by his side was discovered an
empty ether bottle, which was used
for cieaning purposes. A doctor who
was called declared that “Hooligan"
had drank part of the contents of the
bottle.
The second attempt to end his life
was made a few days later, when tho
monkev swallowed part of a bottle of
chloroform. He was brought back to
life by liberal applications of mor
phine administered hypodermically.
After the second attempt at suicide,
Mr. Keller tied "Hooligan" by a chain
to a wall gas bracket in one of tho
downzstafrs rooms and kept all instru
ments of self murder from his reach.
The animal, however, was gradually
starving to death.
Today he leapeh from a chair to
the gas bracket and succeeded in en
tangling the chain so that lie swung
clear from the floor. When found by-
Mr. Keller he was dead.
DEVELOPMENT OF ART
CULTURE IN UNITED STATES.
XEW YORK. July 1.—The development
of art culture in the United States is fore
casted In a movement which has begun
throughout the country for the establish
ment at Washington of a national depart
ment of fine arts, the head of which shall
be a member of the Cabinet. Plans for
the national department of fine a-rts,
which have just become public, include
the establishment of an Athenaeum,
which shall have control over a sehooi
of arts ami a conservatorv of music and
the erection of art galleries by the Gov
ernment in many- cities throughout the
country. Five leading colleges are behind
this movement, which Is being directed
by several leading architects in the
United States.
NOTED ALABAMA WOMAN,
NATIVE OF GEORGIA, DEAD.
MONTGOMERY, Ala.. July 1.—Mrs.
Carrie C. Lomax, one of the most noted
women of Alabama, died here tonight.
She was the widow of Col. Tennent Lo
max. who was killed at the battle of
Seven Pines.
Mrs. Lomax was a native of Jones
county. Georgia, and was 81 years old.
She had a large fortune and devoted
many years of her life to charity.
MINERAL WELLS WERE
THREATENED BY FIRE.
trators is prohibitive, a limited field damaged enough to require assistance. 1 ness losses.
He wac rescued however, and has been
nt to jail. Risk established himself in
Shreveport fifteen years a n as :, nr r-
ehant of Oriental goods. He left ,\me-ica
cause he had recently suffered bitsi-
It was a thick ring that could be
opened only by a pin. The brother
opened it. i he iiitie tailor turned on
him in amazement.
The birth of his memory began in a
In the appointment of the immigra
tion commission the administration
has taken official notice of the serious
labor problem involved in the exodus
of nearly- 100.000 people in 1906 to
Canada, and the strenuous and sys
tematic efforts being made by the
Dominion to secure new settlers for
the western provinces. The construc
tion of the Grand Trunk Pacific, 3,600
miJes in length alone, is requiring an
immense number of laborers. The
Canadian movement, on top of the un
satisfied requirements of American
industry, has made it imperatively
necessary that wise stimulation of
immigration be taken up, and the
newly appointed commission will make
a study of this matter immediately
abroad. Until r.ow Canada h^s out
stripped the United States in its com
petition for labor. One reason for
this lies in the allurements of the rich i
and fertile lands, which are being
awakened by the new Grand Trunk
Pacific. Already 3,000 people have set
tled where it was supposed five years
ago no human being could attempt to
make a livelihood, and these settlers
are said to have found mild winters
and delightful climatic conditions.
Dr. Harvey- 1Y. Wiley, chief of the
government bureau of chemistry, sailed
for France this week. When he re
turns he will find another fight on his >
hands, and one that will be pushed !
vigorously. The sugar interests of the
South are resentful of the official's
statements that he use of molasses is
deleterious to health. In order to
disprove this assertion negro prisoners
in Xew Orleans were utilized as sub
jects for experiments with the treacle.
As a result, it Is declared, it has been
shown that molasses, instead of being
injurious, builds up the human system,
enriches the blood, and aids in the
digestion of other foods. It is said
that if Dr. Wiley sticks to his decision
and puts molasses under the ban it
will mean an annual loss of approxi
mately $5,000,000 to the sugar growers
of the South.
Miss Elizabeth Nye Dead.
_ ?°y* a ‘ Oyster Bay. AUSTIN, Tex.. July J.—Miss Eli-
dnre. Jr. anil Ktrmii' Roosevelt have ? a beth Xye. a sculptor died today of
arrived at Sagamore Kill to spend their heart disease. She has been living here
school vacations, ... 1 quietly * or ten years.
Beauties of a Cold.
From the London Sketch.
There Is nothing quite so comfortable
as a slight cold in the head. Catch a
slight cold in the head, and you will en-*»
joy a stuffy satisfaction that would drive’
an opium-eater mad with envy. .Cara
cannot touch you; the mere everv-day
concerns of life shrivel and disappear.
You walk about with an open mouth,
screwed-up eyes and a red nose: the ef
fect is not pretty, but your appearance
solicits sympathy. and you eret any
amount of it. There is something very
disarming, too. about a slight cold in the
head. It is practically impossible to
suspect of hypocrisy a man who is snuf
fing and coughing, and patting his chest
and dabbing his eves. Some* men are
."ifted with perpetual colds in the head,
and they drive extraordinary bargains.
A cold is soothing, moreover, to the
nerves. A man who ordinarily would
m?H a circuit of half a milo or wait,
until Sunday in order to cross the Strand’
will stroll calmly under the very nose of-
a motor ’bus when be happens to have a
cold in the head. And nobody will deny,'
I suppose, that a cold improves th« apo^--
tite. Hence the old wife's maxim with’
regard to feeding a ccld. As io drink,
everybody knows that a man with a cold
in the head is proof again«t the evil ef
fects of alcohol. Be thankful, therefore,
that you have one. Snuffle and be merry,
for tomorrow vou will be well.
MINERAL WELLS.- Texas. July 1.
—Mineral Wells, with nearly ten thous
and visitors from all over the South,
was threatened with total destruction
bv fire tonight, the loss aggregating
$100,000. The fire started in a new
skating rink not yet opened and spread
to Mineral W'ells sanitarium, a four-
storv brick building filled with pa
tients. No loss of life is reported. The
empty Mineral Wells bath house,
Lithia pavilion and part of the W r ann
Hotel, were destroyed.
About 30 small frame structures
were also burned.
Ubiauitous Tin Can.
The ubiquitous American tin can is
proving in its way a kind of universal
civilizer, since It is found doing duty for
a variety of purposes in almost every
country on the face of the earth, says
Zion’s Herald. In Japan tomato cans are
utilized as flowerpots. In China salmon
cans are used as soup ladles and in the
Himalayas painted tin cans serve as
head-dresses for idols. Soutli Sea belles
use tin cans as hand mirrors, while Pat
agonian chiefs wear them suspended about
their necks as ornaments. The Eski
mos use peach cans for bird traps, the.
bright flashing of the tin on the top of a
pole attracting tlie curiosity of the birds
so that they are Induced to fly close to
the hunters. A quorr sort of drum was
found by one explorer in the Tierra del
Fuogo Islands made out of tin cans, tn
Turkey oil cans are commonly used in
the place of pails to carry water, or, bat
tered out. are employed for sheathing on
huts. Tin plate has been manufactured
in America since 1392. and tin cans have
been made for a longer period. This in
dustry is now one of the most important
In the world. Every month America
makes enough tin cans to belt the globa
if the sides were spread out.
TEXAS HAS NOT YET RAISED
BARS AGAINST CONSUMPTIVES,
WILLING TO RETURN
WITHOUT EXTRADITION.
SAX FRANCISCO, July 1.—Paul
Kelly, a Xew York motorman. who was
arrested night, tonight said that
he was willing to return to Xew York
without extradition. In 1905 Kelly
was in charge of an elevated train
which was wrecked, resulting in the
death of six persons.
AUSTIN. Texas. June 30.—State
Health Officer Brumby has made no
official order looking to the quaran
tining of consumptives attempting to
enter Texas, though in consequence of
an agitation of the subject his atten
tion has been directed to the subject
for a week or ten days past.
The matter has been discussed on
several previous occasions when oth-r
health officers were in charge under*
previous administrations, but nothing
has ever resulted. The present agita
tion was prompted by the death of at
consumptive on a train in West ^exas
a’bout two weeks ago. He now has the
matter under consideration, but what
ever he does will only be done after
mature deliberation.
Hundreds of consumptives come to
Texas every year and up to the pres
ent time little formidable opposition
has been offered. It is believed that
Dr. Brumby may issue a statement on
the subject within a few days.
RABBI JULIUS T. LOEB
ACCEPTS ATLANTA CALL.
ATLANTA, Ga., June 30.—Rabbi T\
Loeb, of Washington. D. C., a well-
know Hebrew theologian, today accept
ed a call from Beth-Israel congregation
of this city. Beth-Israel is a new con
gregation and has a handsome church
'building nearing completion. Rabbi
Loeb will assume his new;, duties thK
first Sunday In August. ,