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DIMS ANSWERED •.
Valuable Information Upon the
Farming Subject.
FEETILIZEKS EE0EIVE ATTENTION
A Careful Investigation Shows That No
General Improvoinent ltesults from the
Use of Commercial Fertilisers—Kcfuso
Salt as a Fertilizer—Samly Laml—JJran
and Corn Meal.
Department of Agriculture,
Atlanta, Nov. 1, 1894.
Do you believe that the general use of
fertilizers has resulted in any perma¬
nent improvement of our lands?
H. O. M.
We regret to reply to your inquiry
that a careful study of the yield per
acre of staple crops does not show any
general improvement resulting from the
use of commercial fertilizers. That w0
have simply been temporizing is a
source of much regret, for tho secret of
successful agriculture in addition to di
versification and the self sustaining
farm rest is increased yield year by
year. That this increased yield can ad¬
vantageously be accomplished by the
use of chemical fertilizers only is seri¬
ously to be questioned unless supplied
in compost, which at the -same time
supplies organic matter absolutely es¬
sential to permanent improvement of
land. In reply to an inquiry relative to
improving worn sandy land, we give in
this report a method adopted by a suc¬
cessful farmer. Clay soils yield much
more readily to renovating methods and
rapid improvement takes place where
leguminous plants, the cowpea in par¬
ticular, is used. This, however, is some¬
what of a digression from your original
question, as to yield in the state per
acre being increased by the use of fer¬
tilizers it is through the principal lesson
we learn from the fact that notwith¬
standing large expenditures, no im¬
provement has taken place.
VALUATION OF FERTILIZERS.
In the Fertilizer Bulletin issued by
the department of agriculture, how do
you arrive at the commercial value of
the fertilizer ? H. O. L., Cuthbert.
The commercial value of a fertilizer,
as it appears in The Bulletin, is obtain¬
ed in the following way: The depart¬
ment inquires into the wholesale value
of fertilizer material at the ports; from
this the valuo per pound of the three
* elements of a fertilizer, i. o., phos¬
phoric acid, ammonia and potash,
are calculated. Then for tho sake of
convenience the value for each unit,
that is, for each per cent. To this is
added $2.60 for sacking. To find tho
wholesale value,of any fertilizer, there¬
fore you multiply the value of each
unit by th? per cent, of that ingredient,
add the results together, add to this
for sacking. For example, to obtain
the value of a plain acid phosphate
running 10 por ■ cent available, you
would multiply tlio 10 by 80, which
would give 800, and to this add $2.60 for
sacking.
SANDY I,AND.
Please give me a method of improving
sandy land. S. L. B.,
Dawson.
Sandy land suffers more from leach¬
ing than clay soil. It is, therefore,
more essential on this class of soils than
any others that it be supplied with an
abundance of humus. The humus also
has the power of absorbing gases and
retaining moisture, a quality in which
such soils are deficient. How then is
organic matter to be supplied, and
what is the cheapest method of supply¬
ing this requisite to its fertility and fu
tore fertilization? Humus can be sup
plied from the stable, but compared
with the rest, rotation of crops into
which the grasses and small grains issue
is more expensive. The planting of
special crops, such as peas, which add
direct contributions to the plant food of
tho soil, is also an excellent method. In
the application of chemical manures
it is much better on such soils to apply
in the form of compost, thus avoiding
leaching and retaining moisture.
To practically apply these suggestions,
we give yon the form adopted by a suc¬
cessful farmer whose farm is nearly en¬
tirely of a sandy character: “If you
SeuiTseptem^ it'dSvn
manure it ..... with anything ... get
you can
spare—cottonseed . , muck, , ash , ele- ,
or
meuts . or phosphates. , , , T Let the rye i, ma
ture seed. then plow i„ AfJ Tm ,
pens broadcast before plowing.
the pens die eno.her crop of rpe will
come up spontaneously, and the same
procedure can be continued as long as
desirable. Let the peas mature seed
and gather enough to resow the follow
ing year if you desire to further manure
the land. \ou could also turn in your
hogs aud let them eat some of the peas
and rye without retarding the improve
meat. On the sandy lands of Michigan
sparry is used as a renovator. It re
seeds itself; but iu our opinion, it has
not the advantages of the cowpea as a
renovator in mr section.”
Furman's formlxa.
Will yon kindly give me Farish Fur
man’s form da for compost and his
manner of applying the same?
I C P ’’ Bremen V fie
’
wr Vs a e know of no better description , . of .
Mr. Furman’s formula and his method
of applying the same than as given by
himself. He says:
Now to give you the formula upon
which my compost is made, take 80
bushels of well rotted stable manure cr
ri ro r.xr„rri‘ e s
situated that water will not stand on it,
but shed off in every direction. The 30
bushels will weigh about 900 pounds,
Take 200 pounds of good acid phosphate
and 100 pounds of kainit and mix the
acid phosphate and kainit thoroughly.
Then scatter evenly on the manure.
Take next 30 bushels green cotton
seed and distribute evenly over the pilo
and wet them thoroughly. They will
weigh 900 pounds. Take again 200
pounds of acid phosphate and 100 pounds
of kainit; mix and spread over the seed.
Begin again on the manure and keep on
in this way building up your heap lay
er by laver until you get it as high as
convenient, then-cover with six inches
of ri( . h oarth from fenco corners and
kave at w six , voeks . W hen ready
tQ h , lul )(J the liel(1> cnt wit h a spade or
pick , i; . 0 squaro (knva an(1 mix as tho;
ouglily as possible. Now,'we have 80
bushels of manure, weighing 900 pounds,
and 300 pounds in the first layer and 30
hnsh( , ls of tx , t toiweetl, weighing 500
pounds, and 300 pounds of chemicals ia
the second layer, and these two layers
combined form t’.ie perfect compost.
You will perceive that tho weight is
3,409 pounds. Apply tho first year 590
pounds per acre in the drill; the second
year 1,000 pounds and the third year
2,009 pounds. After this use from 4,090
to 20,009 pou:i Is jior acre as you are
able to prepare.
Nora.—Wo will add that at the time
the Furman formula was prepared the
cottonseed oil mill did not offer the
market advantages of selling the seed
and purchasing meal, which is now
sometimes the case. A; to whether the
seed should be sold and meal purchased,
we refer to previous discussions in these
reports. Should meal be substituted,
about 100 pounds of the meal will taka
the place of 300 pounds of cottonseed.
REFUSE SALT.
How can I utilize refuse salt as a fer¬
tilizer? Can it be used in the compost
heap? T. T. H., Hampton.
The effect of salt as a fertilizer is not
in supplying directly plant food, but in
its chemical effect on the plant fool al
ready existing in the soil or applied
with it. You can use It either in com¬
post or a complete fertilizer, Care
should be till tn th it not more than 100
pounds is applied to the acre in tho
drill. For this reason it should not bo
used in conjunction with kainit, which
itself contains salt, and therefore there
is danger of an injurious application,
too much salt destroying the fertility of
the roil.
ABSORBENTS.
We note in your hist report that you
give tho increased absorbent power for
bedding of straw where rich earth is
used. Can you give me the absorbent
properties of oak leaves and pine
needles? O. P. R., Gainesville.
Regarding 1,000 as a perfect absorb
ent, the absorbent power of oak leaves
is 241, that of pino needles 208. In or
dor that you may compare them tho
following is tho absorbent power of pea
straw and rye straw: Pea straw, 356;
rye straw, 304. We are pleased at an
interest in this question, as too little
attcutiou lias been paid to saving liquid
manure, which is as valuable as solid
excrement, and should not be wasted.
OATS AFTER CRAB GRASS.
I have some corn land winch I wish
to sow in spring oats for forage. Tho
land was allowed to rest this year and
has a fine crop of crab grass. Would
yon advise burning the grass off or
turning it under? W. L. S.,
Pelham, Ga.
At times when only immediate re¬
sults are desired it is advisable to burn
a field of this character off. Looking,
however, to the preservation and fer
... °* ^ 1( ‘ so ^ * u *^ ie future, which is
! ' ie ^ nt - v evei T farmer, the grass
should Be turned under. In burning all
^ 10 or » all ’‘ c matter is destroyed and
ou, 5' the-mineral substances remain. In
turning the grass under, nothing is lost
and organic matter absolutely essential
to high fertilization and the tilth of the
land is obtained.
BRAN OR CORN MEAL.
Which is tho best to mix with cotton¬
seed for stock, bran or corn meal?
P. L. M., Augusta.
It is better to mix corn meal with cot
tonseed than bran as it corrects the
ficiencies of the cottonseed, ’ being 8 richer
. carbohydrates, . , , , m which . . tho ., seed ,
in are
deficient. As a matter of economy, J at
P tc ‘ Mt . pnees . tie , bran is ... the cheapest. ,
* 0L ?“
pigSTe „ , me » SSST* B. A. L., Calhoun. , .„ ,
Wolves are injurious to cattle, but we
have never heard of a ease where death
has resulted. If the afaimal is gentle
enough, squeezing them out is simple
and very effective." In the bump which
contains the insect there is always au
opening and if the matter on the surface
be removed and kerosene applied it will
result iu their death,
GRAPES.
What is the proper distance to set out
grapevines? A. S. C., Elberton.
Eight by eight is the usual distance,
Some prefer eight by ten.
ruvss for f bottom bottom land land.
„ What T would , , be a good grass for me
to sow on rich bottom laud, which is
* 0£> profitably H. sow in grain?
A. L., Acwovtli.
Red top is the best grass for moist
bottom land, as it is not injured by
moderate overflows. It would have been
better had you sown in September or
October. Sow at the rate two btisfi
els of seed to the acre. i%
wm ns^ssia*..
deep pSpliuitod every in”tfc two or m&e| three ,1/trs > ’breaUt with a
two horse plow? R. W. I., i .vinton.
The land would be improvi' by the
plowing you suggest, but itl 1 rould be
better to increase the depth ;he plow¬
ing gradually, going a little «)*per each
year, plowing to the depth l l the sur¬
face soil the first year and tul .ing np a
little of the subsoil the second! Another
which should _■ I* . the
character patter of your subsoil govern an J we is an
on the supposition tluu S \n have a
clay subsoil Bringing up a tioit of
such subsoil each year to wlverl4i.si.ite
gration the supply would of potash take place aud ph#phjmc wojul^. «hld*to acid
1)1 7™* ^ irf:lC0 soiL Ano<tUer advau
ta S« of deep withstand plowing drouth is that, it aids the
crops to : •
SOME STATISTICS.
Georgia Will Soon Ho «t th i Front in
tho Froiluction of Maat.
We give the following as statistics of
value to our farmers and illustratm’e of
what should he our jiolicy:
HOGS. \
There wore in Georgia in 1860/2,^30,-
110 hogs. Owing to the devastaRons kf
tho war and the inducements of th\
single crop system, this number had del
creased until in 1870 we find only 888,-'
cuts hogs in the state. From that time
oil it is gratifying to say that there has
been a rapid increase, 1889 showing 1,-
471,003; 1890, 1,037,008, *vitli a value of
$5,379,540, and this your 1,791,567, with
a value of $7,434,352. We note the val¬
uation of the last two years given as
showing not only an increase in market
value during that period as afforded by
the price of meat, but also ns showing
an improvement in the stock or breed
in Georgia. We again call attention to
the shipments of hogs from Georgia to
Chicago during the last few’ years.
The inditations are from the general
increase that Georgia will soon be at
the front in the production of meat, at
least to the extent of a home supply. It
must be remembered, however, that in
1860 the state had a population of 1,*
057,286, and that in 1890 the population
was 1,837,353, and at this time must be
near, if not quite, 2,000,000, or almost
double, and thus to have the same num¬
ber ef hogs in proportion to the popula¬
tion it would require us to have 4,000,
000.
The south is naturally the home of
the hog in the United States, as it is a
native of the tropics, and therefore fat¬
tens and thrives better in a mild cli
mate. Prior to the war the south, pro¬
j duoed the meat supply of the United
States; ’ and in I860, embracing as the
southern states , the .. states , . of Alabama, .
Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, Mississip
pi, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Kentucky
and Missouri, there were 20,238,887 hogs,
while in the other states and territories
there were only 13,273,980.
cows, etc.
In I860 there were in Georgia 299,688
milch co vs, 706,194 oxen and other cat
tie.
In 1170 there were 231,310 milch cows
and 466,593 oxen.
In 1880 there were 315,073 milch cows,
594,838 oxen and other cattle.
In 1890 there were 354,618 milch
cows, valued at $8,113,614; 580,816 oxen
and other cattle valued at $6,408,205.
Thus while there has been a slight
increase in the number of milch cows
in the state since 1860, the increase ia
not in proportion to the increase in pop¬
ulation; also there has been a decrease
the total number of cattle of all kind.
Iu 1860 there were in the state about
one head for each inhabitant, whereas
now there is only one head to two in¬
habitants. The recent interest uiaui
^sted in dairying . and cheese making
will, we trust, rapidly develop this es¬
sential to agricultural prosperity.
HORSES AND MULES.
In 1860 there were in Georgia 130,771
horses and 101,069 mules.
In 18.70 there were 81,777 horses and
87,426 mules.
Iu 1880 98,520 horses and 132,780
mules.
In 1890 115.629 horses and 155,700
mules,
The value of ,.. the , horses was $9,682,-
125. ' Of the mules, $15,119,264.
Tho , best compilation .... for 1894 shows a
.leoree.e from 1890 ot 10.000 horse,.
“ ° ' m " h *
SHEEP.
Iu 1860 we had 512,618 sheep.
Iu 1870, 419,465 sheep.
In 1880, 5271589 sheep. *
Iu 1890, 411,846 sheep. -*r
In 1894, 411,169 sheep.
FARM ACREAGE.
In 1850, the average farm in Georgia
sontained 441 acres; in 1880, 188 acres;
and iu 1890, 147 acres. It is interesting
to compare these figures with those of
all the states for the same years. In
i860, the average farm in the United
States contained 203 acres; in 1880, 134
acres, and in 1890, 137 acres. Thus the
average farm in Georgia in 1850 con
tamed 238 more acres than the average
the x., mte d fetates; whereas, noW it
contains only 10 acres more.
YIELD PER ACRE.
Taking a series of years the following
crops pern*cw: 'com^O* toU^u^eU;
wheat, 6 to 9 bushels; oats, 19 to 19
bushels; * int cotton, 135 to 165 pounds of
‘
MAIL SCHEDULES.
—North-bound mail, connecting with Cen
trnl railroad, departs at 9 a. m. daily.
—Mail from north and west over Central
railroad arrives at 5:45 p. in. daily.
—Southern and eastern mail arrives 12:15
p. -South-bound in., daily. mail, "connecting with Cen¬
tral of (leorgia. departs at Mill 2:45. daily.
—Mail for t'lito. 55oiir, Kay, Rufus and
Ar'rn leaves daily by 1). & 8. at 9 a. m.
—Mail for .limps, daily Akin. Excelsior, Parrish
and Metter arrives at 12 in., and de
parts at 2 p. nj- rains days.
—Mail for Nellwood, Black and Brag ar¬
rives at 12 m. on Mondays, Wednesdays and
Fridays, and departs and at Fly 2 arrives p. in. same days.
—Mail for tiem at 12 m. on
Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, and de¬
parts nt 1 p. m, same days. .
—Mail for Sam. Laslou. Josh and Bloye
departs at 7 a. in. Mondays and Fridays,
and arrives at <5:72 same days.
—Mail for Emit, Enal and Han dle departs
at f! a. ra. Tuesdays and davs. Saturdays,"and ar¬
rives at 1 p. in. same
Geo. W. Williams, P. M.
---- S ___________
Town Directory.
Mayor—E. M. Smith.
Marshal—J. Z. Kendrick.
Recorder & Treasurer—J. L. Coleman.
Councilinen—J. W. Olliff, II. (5. Eventt,
Harrison Olliff, W.C. Parker, W. I). Davis.
Council meets 7 first o'clock. Tuesday night in
each month, at
Bulloch County Directory.
Ordinary—€. S. Martin, Statesboro.
Clerk Urt—Harrison Olliff, Statesboro.
Sheriff—W. H. Waters, Statesboro.
Tax Receiver—W. B. Akins, Akin.
Tax Collector—I. 0.1)eLoach, Harville.
Treas'r—Josiuh Zett rower, Statesboro.
Surveyor—11. J. Waters, Proctor, Statesboro. jr., Proctor.
Coroner—T. A.
Board of Education—W. N. Hall, W.P.
Donaldson, J. C. Croinley, li. P. Miller
iand Algarene Trapnell.
I School Com.—J. S. Hagin, Belknap.
JUSTICES AND NOTARIES.
| 44th. J. B. Rushing, Justice, Green.
\ | R. R. McCorkell, Jste. & N > By, Green.
45th. Geo. Trapnell, Justice,Parrish.
46th. R. F. Stringer, Justice.
Hard.y M. Lanier, Notary.
47th. U. M. Davis, Justice, Ivanlioe.
W. J. Richardson, Notary, Harville.
48th. J. It. Williams, Justice, Zoar.
A. W. Stewart, Notary, Mill Ray.
1209th. J. W. Rountree, Jstce., St’sboro.
J. I). Lee, Notary, Statesboro.
1230th. A. C. Clifton, Justice, Ploys.
E. W. Cowart, Notary, Bloys.
1340th. J.W. Donaldson, Justice, Harville.
Samuel Harville, Notary, Enal.
2Tii*s. CcudIcf,
141 BROUGHTON ST.
Ladies', Misses,' Children's
Trimmed and Untrimmed Hats.
(©* Mail orders receive prompt attention.
MRS. E. N. LAWLER,
MILLINER,
SAVANNAH, RA.
d. & s.mmm
Schedule in Effect Jan. Stli.
No. 1. Lea ve Statesboro at 8:45 a. ni.
Arrive ^ 11:30 a. m.
No. 2. Leave r 2:40 p. in.
Arrive r 5:45 p. m.
On and after this date the 10. & S. train
will meet the Central “shoofly” every
Wednesday, leaving Statesboro 5 a. in.,
and returning 9 p. m.
Trains run by standard time.
J. L. Mathews. Agent.
SCHEDULE OF
STILLME AIR LINE R’Y,
Taking Effect Sunday, May 20th.
No. 1. No.Cl STATIONS. ]So.2.1No.4.
a. m. ]>. m. a. m. C? in.
7 30 3 30 Iv-.....Stillmore.....ar 11 30
7 45 3 50 lv....Hurry Hill....ar 11 10
8 00 4 10 lv......Corsica.......ar 10 50 Ci
8 15 4 30 lv.....Uoblitown....ar 10 30
8 25 4 40 lv....Luke , »app....ar 10 20
|8 40 5 OO__________ fir..,„„l'ollin*.......lv IOOO CJ«
All trains daily, Sunday included.
Train So. 1 connects with 8. & M. train for
LyouB, Helena, Covdele, Americas and points
west. with 8. 4 M.
Train No. 3 connects train go¬
ing eust. arriving nt Hayannah 7:30 p. m.
Trains Nos. 2 and 4 connects with Milieu &
(Southern Wv a at Stillmore
GEO, Mr BRINSON. Bres
t A Supt.
BIC-YC-LES.
We have there all arei Prices.
Can Pneumatic please anybody. frore Cushion $Ld.OO
and tires
to $125. Send for catalogue.
Oar Price* Guaranteed THE LOWEST,
;
All Makes and Stylos, Our Jess prices than
are from $10 to $25
agents Bell same Machine. Send
for catalogue.
R. C. WHAYNE,
m mm avenue,
LOUISVILLE, KY.
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL.
SE3ST3D Si. AND GET THE TXIMIIES
•s-Till Iscsier 31st, 1895.-!
I©- To every person subscribing for the Times during November and December,
and paving One Dollar in advance, 1 he paper will be sent free till the 1st ot
January, 1895 and for a full year from that date. Send ia the money, and
, fourteen months for One Dollar.
get the best paper in the county
The Times is strictly in accord with the Administration, and
should be in every Democratic home in Bulloch County.
Address: BULJOCH TIMES,
Statesboro, Ga.
Tie Bsamffll BiilM Bale.
This Route, consisting of the
FLORIDA CENTRAL & PENINSULAR,
ANDTHE
SOUTHERN RAILWAY ("><« "»'™ J * »•"»>>
und running through tbe uplands of South Coroliiui. nud North Carolina,
Virginia Mountains and Valievs, will be used by the
Knights of Pythias
ami their friends aud the public, who embrace the occasion of their
CONCLAVE IN WASHINGTON,
to go North, at the extremely low rates offering for that occasion
$22 65
Jacksonville to Washington and proportionately from other points in the State.
Tickets on sale from August 23rd to August 2Sth inclusive—limited to Sept.
30th. The Knights of Pythias train will leave Jacksonville by the F.C,
& P. August. 20th, Sunday, nt 4:30 p. m., arriving in Washington
next evening, at 8:30. Our rate is open to all.
Tickets good on all trains going between August 23rd and 28th.
Grand flrmy of the Republic Rates Open to the
JACKSONVILLE TO PITTSBURG AND RETURN,
$34.10
Tickets on Sale September 5th to Otli, good until September 25th.
Our route is through the Eastern Battlefields.
Coaches the most Comfortable. Lighted by Pintisch Gas.
Route incomparable for Beauty of Scenery. O. MacDONELL,
Quickest time. A.
N. S. PENNINGTON, General Pass -nger Agent.
Traffic .Manager. Jacksonville, Fla.
oooooooooi a iooo
oooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooq
BEST GOODS !
LOWEST PRICES 1
G. A. LANIER
THE MERCHANT
SELLS MORE GOODS
for the money than any other
merchant in the city of Statesboro.
REMEMBER THIS!
and call on him for all kinds of
merchandise at rock-botton prices.
«
IHIOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO ■
OOOOOOOOOOOOOO
V \
jnery. t inery.
1 have a nice, select stock of
Fall and Winter Millinery
that I am offering at very close figures.
The Ladies of Statesboro and vi¬
cinity are respectfully invited to
call and inspect my goods and elsewhere. get
my prices before buying
m, s, A, WILSOA.
Cool Drinks I
J, F- FIELDS,
—DEALER |X—
Fruits, Ice Cole
Centre- i rm Soda
tiansM mte>
Cigars 1 I •f and
and Qool
Tobgccq Drinks.
Gall on roe!
you how to fs».j£g."\7‘33
Satisfaction guaranteed before fore you you pay. pay. Cut Cut This This Out Out and mail it to us.
Yon will be surprised at the result. But Bi you inu3t do it NOW. Write to
Established 93 Years. fl ) "UffUSSU"’
'**‘7 » fir
♦ f
EXCELSIOR. GA.
Dealer In
General Haim
READY-MADE CLOTHING !
Buies aM fitness
FAR^G IMPLEMENTS.
Highest Market Price. Paid
for Cotton ^ other Produce.
Give He a Call.
GREAT REDUCTION IN RATES
^FOR 1894-SS&A
AT
)
Savannah, Georgia.
Rates Reduced.
$1 and $1.50 Per Day
According to Room -
l. mmm
D. P. AYRRITT.
STATESBORO, GA.
Wholesale aM Retail Manufacturer ot
—ANO DEALER IN—
Yellow Fite Lite.
When yuu want a bill of lumber get my
figures. Both, quality and price guar¬
anteed.