Newspaper Page Text
%
!
g g ^ g 18 i I
s ^ " < °° ^ “,
g a t S "
§ 6 o Wc 2 Q
“ e^gmi-
_,^ cr~o a a
o£“® SK a §
2 r-o ® •• 31 S'
- o S
-5 O-® SgCs
2 —*< ?S»o
^ o < c-f: *-s 5 era
^ 2 p-^p P ®
►c O © O j
3**< P-
&sr
_ ■•‘E.2
o t?® ^
If. ill
>®| |
3 ?? '• '
i
5'b i
«». !
Sg 1
Eg.
9 &S
° ° g
oo O 8-
S’ n
Bol®^
'i 3 !
6 q<S.
? <S.E :
f<§J
~r
O
-■ 2
o§.
||
“'I 'OlMCiOO
-'i 1 -tp.ee tc
Acreage in wheat, compared
with last fall.
C5 { cji *-i -j 4x 4^
C5 1 o Cl 4- OI oc
Acreage in oats, compared with
last fall.
-j cose cc
50 I i-CSOi*.
Home-raised pork, compared
with last year.
o ccooc
O 1 OwMMte
No. of stock hogs, all sizes, com
pared with last year.
05 1 Ci-^ooc:
03 1 005 03 4- 4-
Per cent, of a full supply of
pork produced.
CO I 05 CO 00 O ^3
03 1 CO 4^- 03 O *-*
No. of sheep, compared with
last year
1 >-* ^
CO CO CO O CO o
CO l 05 CJI ►— 1 OD 05
Condition of farmers, compared
with last year.
CO G5 GO CO CO —4
O 1 CCOO4-0C
Indebtedness of farmers, com
pared with last year.
O CO ■—* O O O
M 1 4I.CO 05 4- r-
Price of farm lands, compared
with last year.
-o s^ooa
CO 1 01004-4.
Supplies purchased, compared
with last year.
-a 1 Cj oc ~<i cc
«■»- 1 »»- c*-to-
Average price per pound cash,
of bacon this year.
CO CCOHOC
j-cj C4— c>ft-
Price of bacon, payable Novem
ber 1st.
05 C5-.J-.JC5C;
CC 1 to - J 15 CO C
Average cash price of corn this
year.
-*i -vi kfc. co —j cc
03 1 cccs^coc
Time price of corn, payable
November 1st.
to j to 03 to ^ —
03 1 0 4— -I cnee
Per cent, of cotton crop, covered
with cotton bagging.
Date of first killing frost.
THE TRUE COST OF THE PRODUCTION OF BARNYARD
MANURE—BY PROF. GEORGE VILLE.
Synopsis of Lecture.—Translated by Miss H. L. Howard.
Errors in agricultural accounts. Price of manure produced in 18S7, gath
ered from accounts of four stables kept by Hon. M. Autier, showing cost of
manure raised from ho<js, sheep, cows and horses. Also, showing the danger
and inconvenience of keeping too many animals. The average price is at
least $5.00 per ton.
M. Autier raised 3,220,S00 pounds of stable manure, which he figures out at
a cost of $2.95 per ton. But as he charges up to cost of animals that which
I really think should be charged to manure, 1 make cost of manure $4.60 per
ton.
We now proceed to examine the separate accounts and see which is nearer
The accounts being balanced by the products for sale, there is no disagree
ment at any point and everything plainly kept arid with severe exactness.
COST OF MANURE RAISED FROM HOGS.
March 1st, 1887, to 31 head valued at $ 317 00
“ 1st to tools and implements, value 315 00
During the year food of various kinds were fed and amounted to 954 05
Labor required to keep them 13 7 53
Making total ....$1,703 58
Other hogs purchased during year and freight on same 102 87
Entire cost $1,806 45
Bv hogs consumed on farm 235 60
“^sold 526 20
“ “ on hand Feb. 28, 1SS8 513 20
“ implements on hand 317 20
“ work and service - 51 00
1,643 20
By 92 tons of manure
Actual cost of manure per ton
Here we have manure produced cheaper than chemical fertilizer.
We next examine the sheep account, where the difference shows in
chemical fertilizers.
SHEEP ACCOUNT
(819 head of sheep)
From March 1st, 1877, to February 28th, 1888.
DEBIT.
March 1st., To 661 head of sheep, valued at $
«. “ “ tools, furnishings and sheep fold
« “ “ purchase of sheep and freight
“• “ “ food during year
“ “ “ work caring for sheep
“ “ “ interest on investment
163 25
1.78}
favor of
4,603 28
429 16
863 54
3,695 14
437 42
257 62
Total outlay..
,.$10,280 16
Bv sheep consumed on farm - 42 80
“ “ sold * 1,382 40
“ wool sold.:;,...-... 1,072 36
rt - skins sold.............. 21 90
“ value of implements - 440 19
“ value of sheep on hand - 4,986 46
Total income .t
..$ 7,946 71
Bv. manure on hand, 440 tons — - - 2,339 45
Giving cost per ton - - 5.31}
This time the difference is all in favor of the chemical fertilizer. This result
is explained by the low price ofj wool brought in large quantities from Au
stralia.
(Continued.)
VARIETY TEST AND BROAD-CAST MANURING—CORN.
From Bulletin Experiment Station.
(The Bulletins of the Georgia Experiment Station will be sent regularly (free) to every
newspaper in the State, and all persons actually engaged in farming, who make application
for the same. ■ Address,
B. J. Bedding,
Experiment, Ga.)
EXPERIMENT NO. 11—A VARIETY TEST.
A variety test of com is apt to be very misleading or unsatisfactory to the
reader of the published results, and at the same time unjust to a Dumber of
the varieties tested, on account of the varying habits of growth, size of stalks,
period of maturity, etc., of the different varieties.
It would be certainly unfair to a quick maturing, dwarfish variety to plant it
by the side of a tall-growing, late maturing sort, giving both the same distance,
the same culture and the same seasons. An early dwarf variety would prob
ably require twice as many stalks to the acre, more rapid cultivation and prob
ably more manure than one of our ordinary late, tall-growing varieties. After
learning the peculiarities of each of several kinds by planting them one or
more years, it then becomes practicable to make a fair test of productiveness
by providing for each the conditions necessary for its most perfect and prolific
development. This has been the main object of the variety test of this year.
The results probably would not have been published, but for the fact thaj
another and distinct experiment was projected on the same section, viz.: an
experiment in broadcast and drill-manuring, which will be discussed directly.
The land selected for these two experiments is embraced in a section (Section
4, Division B) containing 1} acres, lying immediately between Sections 3 and
5, on which Special Nitrogen Experiments Nos. 1 and 2 were projected, and
intermediate in character between these two. The section was laid off into
seventy-five rows 5.225 feet wide and 209 feet long, running north and south.
The land was well plowed and harrowed, as in Experiments 1 and 2, and the
following fertilizers were applied March 12th;
r Superphosphate, .' 320 pounds
Per acre, j Muriate of Potash 160 “
(. Cotton Seed Meal 360 “
Total per acre - 840 “
The section was divided into half by a line running east and west. On the
north half the fertilizer was distributed in the drill and well mixed with the
soil, as in Experiment 1. On the south half the same quantity was scattered
broadcast, each half receiving precisely the same plowing, the only difference
being in the manner of depositing the fertilizers. The cultivation was identi
cal in each half, the plots being plowed and hoed from end to end at the same
time.
TABLE VII.
Variety Test of Com—Experiment 11—A. Broadcast Manuring—Experiment 11.
3
42
a
^4
Name of Variety of Com.
Yield Per Acre - North Half. |
| Fertilizer in Drill. |
1 Yield Per Acre—South Half.
Fertilizer Broadcast. j
Extracts from Field Notes June 21,
Indicating Relative Time of
Blooming.
1
Mosby’s Extra Earl y
Bus
11.6
Bus
12.1
In full silk.
2
Piasa King
19.0
20.0
Just tasselling.
3
Peek’s Premium
17.6
17 7
Just tasselling.
4
Hickory King
15.6
18.1
In full tassel.
5
Champion White
15.7
16.8
In full silk.
6
Golden Beauty
14.9
18.2
In full tassel and silking freely.
7
Wellborn’s Conscience
10.4
18.2
About like Peek’s.
8
Blount’s White Prolific
2*2.4
24.4
Not quite forwa d as Mobley’s.
9
Little Red Cob
15.6
17.6
Late—No tassels yet.
10
Strawberry
15.7
17.7
A few tassels.
U
Mottle Eared
20 0
20.4
A few tassels.
12
Stanford
12.7
12.5
Smaller and less forward than 10 & 11.
13
Virginia Yellow
17.7
18 5
About = to Golden Beautv.
14
Drake’s Premium
17.2
16.5
Late—No tassels yet.
15
21.1
17.9
Now and then a tassel and silk.
16
Himnicutt
23.6
22.0
About = to West’s.
17
Standard (Bates’)
25 6
22.2
No tassels nor silks.
i8
Pennsylvania Gourd Seed
15 6
16.1
In full silk and tassel.
19
Southern Gourd Seed
23.2
20.1
Verv few silks and tassels.
20
Johnson’s Early Large White
18.6
14.1
About = to 18.
21
Tennessee White
15.6
20-6
Tasselling and a few silks.
Average yield per acre
17.6
18-2
•
NOTES ON EXPERIMENT NO. XI.—A.
The “Extracts from Field Notes, June 21,” give a fair idea of the relative
forwardness of the several varieties, so far as could be judged by the eye and at
one observation. In making up the list of varieties to be tested,’ it was not
desired to include other than field varieties, such as would be adapted for or
dinary field culture in the South. “ Mosbv’s Extra Early ” is the only variety
on the list that could properly be classed as early, and this fact, together with
its smaller size, should be accepted as explaining, in part at least, the smaller
yield of com. “ Champion White ” proved next in earliness, closely followed
by “ Golden Beauty,” “ Virginia Yellow” and “ Blount’s White Prolific.” The
last named, ‘‘ Blount’s White Prolific,” is among’the best of the early and me
dium varieties, and is very good for field culture. “ Drake’s Premium,” (seed
obtained of Mr. Drake, the prize-taking producer of 250 bushels of com per
acre) was inferior to several others in yield, and presented no remarkable feat
ures of excellence. TJie “West” com is a good variety; “Hunuicutt’s” (of
Coweta county) is certainly an excellent sort. “ Standard ” was the name given
to com grown on the Farm the past year by the late owner, Mr. M. L. Bates,
and was adopted as a standard of comparison,—a good variety. A number of
the varieties tested will be selected for further test next year, and others added
to the list.
EXPERIMENT NO. XIII.—COTTON SEED (CRUSHED) VS. COTTON SEED MEAL AS A FER
TILIZER FOR CORN.
This experiment was designed to compare the effectiveness, as a fertilizer, of
cotton seed and cotton seed meal. It is believed by many farmers that the oil
of the seed possesses value as a fertilizer, and therefore should not be sold to
the oil mills.. For this purpose a quantity of sound cotton seed was crashed—
simply to prevent germination. An equivalent quantity of cotton seed meal
was provided, that is, just theamount of meal that would have been yielded by
the given amount of crushed cotton seed bad the latter been separated and the
oil expressed. To this was added the exact amount of hulls that the given
amount of. crushed seed would have yielded. The aim was to make the cotton
seed meal and hulls portion an exact equivalent to the cotton seed (crashed)
portion, less the oil only. To each lot was added the same quantities of •
superphosphate and mnriate of potash.
The experiment was correctly conceived, but the location was unfortunate,
and the results totally unreliable and insignificant. An irregularly shaped
portion of the section was remarkably subject to bud-worms,which so seriously
injured the stand as to render the experiment absolutely worthless. This short
statement is inserted mainly to give the proportionate parts of cotton seed
meal and hulls that were found to be the equivalent <_I a given quantity of
cotton seed. Any farmer can try the experiment for himself, The following
is the arrangement of the plots, each containing three rows and the formulas
used:
Not fertilized..
FERTILIZERS.
Superphosphate
Muriate of Potash..
Cotton Seed Meal-
Cotton Seed Hulls..
Total
Superphosphate
Muriate of Potash
Green Cotton Seed (crushed)..
Total .-
Saue as Plot 1..
Same as Plot 2..
Same as Plot 3..
320
160-
360
453
320
160
960
It maybe more convenient to say that the equivalent of one hundred pounds
of whole or crushed cotton seed was found to be as follows:
*-{
37 pounds cotton seed meal.
" hulls.
100 pounds cotton seed= -J 48
115 “ oil.
CORN AT DIFFERENT DISTANCES.
Mr. Gustave Speth, horticulurist of the Station, reports the following results
of an experiment in distance which he made incidentally in connection with
an experiment projected for a different purpose. The land was a good choco
late clay loam, with clay subsoil, and made three-fourths of a bale of cotton
per acre last year, with two hundred pounds of ammoniated phosphate to the
acre.
After planting the com in the principal experiment alluded to, a plot of
ground wasleft 104 feet long by 45 feet wide. This was laid off in rows five
feet wide, fertilized in the same manner, and planted in the same variety of
com, varying the distances between the plants (one in each hill) as shown in
the following table:
TABLE Vm.
Distance of Com.
Number of Plot. II
Distance of Hills
Each Way.
Number of Hills
Per Acre.
Number of Large
Ears.
Number of
Nubbins.
Bushels of Shelled
Com Per Acre.
1
Feet.
5x2
4,368
3,304
496
32.7
2
5x3
2,940
2,824
308
32.1
3
5X4
2,184
3,192
210
36.6
The results will not be surprising to- those farmers who believe in “ giving
plenty of distance” to com.
It will be noticed that plot 2, planted 5x3, while producing .6 of a bushel less
per acre than plot 1, planted 5x2, gave a smaller percentage of large ears and a
very much smaller percentage of nubbins, while plot 3 increased still more
in tiie-proportion of large eare, and made 3.9 bushels more to the acre than
plot 1, which had twice the number of stalks and half the distance.
Of course the result would probably have been different if the seasons had
been different. It is altogether probable that if there had been more rain in
July, plot No. 2 (5x3) would have produced a larger jleld than plot 3 (5x4). On
the contrary,- had the weather been less favorable than it was, it is probable
that the yields of both plots 1 and 2 would have been considerably less without
seriously affecting the yield of plot 3. The season of 1.890 may be considered
as about an average one, and, therefore, the results of this experiment may be
taken as indicating that a distance of 5x4 (or 2,184 stalks to the acre) is not too
great for such land.