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■I.* ' ' jxi.,' -• - ■;; > :. - - ^'H.&?&S;-y<3$ [saip?-?? '.■■'W^VS^'- *> -3fe : •-’^w4=,v -4^^;,.. ■ 1 ■ ij • • ,l *•-1|§,'V iI v.’ i ’.} * FERTILIZATION FACTS INTERESTING OBSERVATIONS OF AN EXPERIENCED AGRICUL TURAL CHEMIST. ?LANT LIFE IS ANALYZED Valuable Information Learned From the Books and From an Extensive Practical Experience. To Georgia Farmer: I wrote you last year a series of letters devoted almost exclusively to the feeding of live stock, the preparation of scientific rations and to the general principles underlying the scientific feeding of stock. As you have asked me so many questions about ferti lizers, I propose now to write you a se ries of letters on that subject, giving you the benefit of what I may have learned from books and from my exper ience as an agricultural chemist. As the prime object of farming and of fertilization is the raising of orops, we will begin by considering briefly plant life. What is a plant? Let us examine and make a rough analysis of one. Pull up a green and vigorous plant, brush the dirt from the roots ahd throw it down upon the ground with the rays of the sun beating upon it. Soon it as sumes a peculiar appearance, whioh we call “wilted.”' Had yon taken the precaution to weigh the plant when you first pulled it up and then weighed it again after a, few hours, when it looked badly wilted* yon would find that it had lost weight. By putting the fresh plant under a specially constructed glass vessel and setting it in the sun, vori could prove to your own satisfac tion that the oause of the loss in weight was due to the loss of water. The wa ter in the plant heated by the sun rises as vapor, and if yon had the special, glass vessel I speak of you could see the water of the cotton plant oondense in the cool part of thb vessel in drops, which you could eollect and weigh; and if you were provided with sufficiently delicate instruments, you would find the weight of this condensed water from the cotton plant was exactly equal to the loss in weight which it sustained after being badly wilted. Young plants and vegetables fre quently contain as muoh as nine-tenths of their weight of water. In making hay we dry out the water of the grass in the snn, and when the grass has lost all the water it will in this way, it is said, be "oared,” and becomes hay. This air dry grass or hay still contains from 8 to 12 per oent of water, whioh can be driven out of it by heating it to the temperature of boiling water. • If we should do that, what was left would be the "dry matter” of the plant. This dry matter of the plant contains all the valuable elements for which the plant was grown* If we examine this dry matter farther, we find in a general way that it is composed of two kinds of bodies, one of whioh will born, or the combustible, and another kind which will hot barn, the incombustible or the ash. That part qf the plant whioh burns or goes up in smoke is derived very largely from the air, and is gaseous in its nature. If, now, we were to analyze these gases which escape on burning the plant, and then analyze the ash whioh was left, we should find that, besides the nine-tenths water which the original plant contained, the. remaining tenth contained these elements—carbon, hy drogen, oxygen, nitrogen, potash, mag nesia, lime, iron phosphorus and sulphur as essential elements; that is to say, we should certainly find all those elements present, as no plant could exist without them, each one being ‘just as necessary as the other to the growth and life of the plant; and if any one of them were c$t out, the others being present, the plant conld not develop. Besides those elements just men tioned, however, we should also find in the ashes of the plant silica, chlorine, soda and manganese, and sometimes a few other elements, though none of these last are -absolutely necessary to the growth and development of plant life. These ash elements, as we may call them, are all derived from the soil. Ninety-five per cent of the dry matter of the plant comes out of the air. and is derived from the gases which exist in the air, the remaining 5 per cent of the dry matter being the ashes which come out of the soil. So you see the mineral part, which comes from the soil, lis only a very small part of the original plant, but yet it is just as essential .to the life and growth of the plant as any or all of the others. Perhaps you would like to know how it was discovered that the air furnished a large part of the dry matter of the plan’t. An experiment nee this was made. Some white sand was thor oughly burned, to destroy the combusti ble matter there might be in it, and j then thoroughly washed with acid and water to remove any soluble mineral ! matter and just leave pure sand. This being put into a box, a seed of com is planted and watered with distilled wa ter, or water containing no mineral The seed, after sprouting and growing as long as it could subsist on the food in the original grain of corn, was carefully dried, all the water being driven out m an oven kept at the temperature of boil ing water, and then the remaining dry matter was weighed. It was found that the weight far exceeded the weight of the original grain of corn, and .also that this excess weight consisted entirely of carbon hydrogen and oxygen; conse quently, they must have come from the air and water, as they ooald have come from no ether source. The atmosphere contains a great abnndanoe of these elements, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which are so nec essary to plant life, so that it will not be necessary for ns to trouble about them in studying the subject of fertilizers, since they are given "without money and without price.” The ash elements which make only 5 per cent of the dry matter of the crop, will OQuoern us very nearly, qnd as they come out of the soil, I will write you in my next letter about the soil and its elements—those which are abundant, and those which are scarce. . : John M. McOandless, State Chemist QUESTIONS CONCERNING THEIR CULTIVATION ARE ASKED AND ANSWEMSD. FOBSTOXA IS SUGGESTED Enemies of the Plant and How to Thwart Their Depredations—The Beet Soil—Views of Chemist. THE LUSCIOUS STRAWBERRY Can Be Cultivated In Different Soils and Temperatures. Among the spring luxuries qf the ta ble is the strawberry, which is adapted to such widely different soils and tem peratures, that those possessing even the smallest garden patch may have enough for their own use, if they so de desire. A plot only 20 or .80 feet square will with proper attention produce a supply that will surprise those not ac customed to the cultivation of this de- liczoas fruit. There is great demand for strawber ries in all ow larger towns. Those raised in Florida begin to come in to ward, the middle of Maroh, and when they begin to grow scarce the Georgia berries are ready to come in. The mar ket gardeners of our state would find it profitable to raise this favorite fruit for the states north of ns. It is too late now to plant for this season, but not too late to get ready for another. Those set ont in the spring will produce very few berries the first year. The chief aim for the first year should be the production of vigorous plants, whioh will be less liable to be killed by the gold of winter .than those set eut in the fall. If such plants are secured they will with, proper care pro duce an abundant supply in the next season. Strawberries should be cultivated or hoed at least three times the first year. Bnt, if . this is done every two or three weeks from early in April until Octo ber, the weeds will be ■ thoroughly kept down so that they will not become wedged in between the plants. When the season for berries comes then all this care and attention will be amply rewarded.—State Agricultural Depart ment. A gentleman who desires to experi ment with Irish potatoes as a revenue crop asks for advice on the the following ■points: (1) . The most available potato for shipping purposes. (2) . The best time to plant so as to bring the potatoes into market in time to miss the first crop of southern pota toes and the regular annual crop of northern potatoes. (3) . Character and amount of manu factured fertilizer likely to ensure the largest yield. Answers to the above questions: (1) . The Irish potato in highest es teem among the track farmers on the Atlantic coast near Savannah is the "Pink-Eye” or "Early Bose. ” (2) . The best time to plant so as to come between the first crop of southern patotoes and the regular annual orop of northern potatoes is in February or early March. ' (3). The following formula for Irish potatoes is suggested by Dr. McOand- iess, our state chemist: Nitrate of soda. 300 pounds Cottonseed meaL 600 pounds Acid phosphate (14 per oent) .800 pounds Sulphate of potash 300 pounds This signature is on every box of the genuine ] Laxative Bromo=Quinine Tablet. the remedy that enres a cold in one day CUKES BLOOD POISON. Scrofula, Ulcers, Old Sores, Bone Pains— Trial Treatment Tree, Mrs. Maggie Hooper Sends a Message. Jeffersonville, Ind.,May 15,1900. Pepsin Syrup Co.. Monticello, III. Dear Friends—I was bothered with stomach trouble and dyspepsia for years. Nothing helped me until I tried your grand Dr. CaldwelFs Syr up Pepsin, and now I feel like a new woman. You may publish this, that all others may learn of the great benefit of your cure. Sincerely yours, Mbs. Maggie Hoopeb. Sold by druggists. The famous French author and editor, Madame Blanc, whose queer pen-name is “Th. Bentzon,” has written a complete account of "A Girl’s Life in France,” which will soon be published in The Ladies’ Home Journal. She emphasizes ear ly baptism, careful religious and school instruction, implicit obedi ence, simplicity in dress, and short engagements as among the chief features of the lives of French girls. To The Deaf. A rich lady, cured of her deaf ness and noises in the head by Dr. Nicholson’s Artificial Ear Drums, gave $10,000 to his Instute, so that deaf people unable to pro cure the Ear Drums may have them free. Address No. 1474. The' Nicolson Institute, 780 Eighth Avenue, New York.—Ex. 2,000 pounds Use from 250 to 500 pounds to the acre, according to the fertility of the soil. Mu riate of potash may be used instead of sulphate, if the latter cannot be easily had. We have heard /"Armour’s Helmet Brand Potato Fertilizer” recommended in very flattering terms. Best Soil For Irish Potatoes. Irish potatoes give, the best results in a rich sandy loam, neither too wet, nor too dry. If the season should be a wet one, a elay subsoil would be unfavor able to the growth of the potato. A calcareous soil can generally be counted on for producing a crop large and of fine quality. When the soil contains bat little lime, it is well to use this as a. fertilizer. The inverted sod of an old pasture is good for the Irish potato. When such a sod is used, a little well rotted oompost should be harrowed in upon it. A com post made of muck and leached ashes makes an excellent manure for thisprop. Enemies of the Potato. The potato rot is a disease not thor oughly understood and no effectual remedy has yet been discovered for plants affected by it. The only thing that can prevent spreading is the de struction of all infected stems and leaves. In localities where other crops have been destroyed by the rot, a reme dy is found by the use of lime in the hills and by occasional dusting of the growing plant with it. Sometimes a field attacked by the rot has been saved by mowing off the top of the plants. It has been found that crops on which commercial fertilizers have been used are less liable to this disease than those where composts of various kinds and farm manures have been applied to the soil. The potato bug or Colorado beetle is a destructive pest. Arsenite of copper, generally known as, paris green, is the most effectual remedy against this'trou blesome insect, but it must be used with the greatest caution, and nothing in which it has been placed should ever be used for any other purpose.—State Ag ricultural Department First, second or third stages positively cored by taking B.B.B. (Botanic BJooci Balm). Blood Balm kills or destroys the Syphilitic Poison in the Blood and ex pels it from the system. At the same time (Botanic Blood Balm builds up the shattered constitution. Have you sore throat, pimples, copper-coiored spots, old sores, ulcers, swellings, scrofula, itching skin, aches and pains in bones or joints, sore mounth, or falling hair? Then Botanic Blood Balm will heal ev ery sore, stop the aches and make the blood Pure and Bich and give the rich glow of health to the skin. Over 3.000 testimonials of cures. Botanic Blood Balm thoroughly tested for 30 years Sold at Drugstores, $1, including com plete directions. Trial treatment of B B. B. free by addressing Blood Balm Co. Atlanta, Ga. Describe trouble and free medical advice given. Don’t despair of a cure, as Blood Balm cures when all else fails At BLoltzclaw’s Drag-store. PENNS YLV ANT A PURE RYE, EIGHT YEARS OLD. OLD SHARPE WILLIAMS. Pour fui Quarts of this Pine Old, Pnre RYE WHISKEY , $3.50 “JgSg We ship on approval in plain, sealed boxes with no marks to indicate contents. When |you receive it and test it, if it is not satisfactory, return it a< our expense and we wil return your $3.50. We guarantee this brand to be EIGHT TEARS OLD. Eight bottles for $6 50, express prepaid: 12 oottfes for $9 50 express preDaid. One gallon jug, express prepaid, $3 00; 2 gallon jug, express prepaid, $5 50. No charge for boxing. We handle all the leading brands of Rye and Bourbon Whiskies and will save you 50 Per Gent, on Your Purchases: Coon Hollow Bourbon........ Melwood Pure Bye... ...... Monogram Bye.. McBrayer Rye... Baker’s A AAA Old crow Fincher’s Golden Wedding. Hoffman House Rye Quart, Gallon. ....§ 35 §125 150 ... 45 160 190 55 200 . .. 60 225 ..... 65 240 ...... 65 240 75 250 2 50 300 100 350 If#. 125 400 The above are only a few brands. Send for a catalogue. All other Soods by tlia gallon, such as Whiskey, Peach and Apple Brandies, etc., sold equally as low, from $125 a gallon and upward. Com prompt inducements offered. pecial Mail Orders shipped same dav of the receipt of order. The Altmayer & Flateau Liquor Company, 606, 508, 510, 512 Fourth Street, near Union Passenger Hepot. MACON, GEORGIA. Dyspepsia Care Digests what you eat. It-artificially digests the food and aids Nature in strengthening and recon* structing the exhausted digestive or* gans. It Is the latest discovered digest* ant and tonic. No other preparation can approach it in efficiency. It in* stantly relieves and permanently cures Dyspepsia, Indigestion, Heartburn, Flatulence, Sour Stomach, Nausea, all other results of imperfect digestion. Price50c. and $1. Large Sire contains 2Y t timqs small size. Book all about dyspepsia mailedfree Prepared by E> C. De WITT & QO* Chicago. BRING US YOUR JOB WORK, SATIS FACTION GUARANEETD. Restore Vitality, Lost Vigor and Manhood excess and indiscretion. A nerve tonic and ,blood builder. - Brings the pink glow to. pale cheeks and restores the .fire of youth. By mail . JOo per box. 0 boxes for $2.50, with our bankable gaurantee to cure cr refund the money paid. Send for circular .ble and enpy of oar bankat e guarantee bond. EXTRA STRENGTH (YELLOW LABEL) Immediate Results Positively guaranteed cure for Loss of Power, Varicocele, Undevelo] ~ aped or Shrunken Organs, _Ataxia, Nervous Prostra- Paresis, Locomotor tion, Hysteria, Fits, Insanity, Paralysis and the Results of Excessive Use of Tobacco, Opium or Liquor. By mail in plain package, $1.00 a box, 6 for $5.00 with our bankable guar antee bond to cure in 30 days or refund money paid. Address NERVITA MEDICAL CO. Clinton & Jackson Sts., CHICAGO, ILL. For sale by H. M. Holtzclaw, Druggist, Perry,Ga Something useful or entertaining: or, if you already have ah invention get a PATENT There is abundant profit in good patented inventions. Send for our interesting IlTos- Ives more itainPat- FAIL TO SECURE PATENT. Ho charges for examination and opinion as to patentability. Promptness guaranteed. Best of references. Over 31 years experience. Address R. S. & A, B. LACEY, Patent Solicitors, Washington, D. C. Mention thisjjaper when you write. To PATENT Good f £*— may be secured by our aid. Address, THE PATENT RECORD, Baltimore, Md. Two hundred bushels of po . tatoes remove eighty pounds. *] of “actual ” Potash from the soil. Unless this quantity is returned to the soil the following crop will materially decrease. • We have hooks telling a W composition, use and value d fertilizers for various cr»* They are sent free. ^ GERMAN KALI WORK^ 93 Nassau St, New York. y T 1 It f frr V V TV » ■» .V TV T r r-r DESIGNS^ TRADE-MARKS j AND COPYRIGHTS) OBTAINED ADVICE AS TO PATENTABILITY ' Notice in “Inventive Age ” Book “How to obtain Patents” PATENTS Charges moderate. No fee till i Letters strictly confidential. Add ’ E. G. SIGNERS, Patent Lawyer, Washington, D.C. 1 L..A.A. a A X. . * A A A* . A A 4 . . * ", , FREE igton7D.fi-1 Service. The Direct Route Between All Principal Points IS Alabama and Georgia. PENETRATINQ THE Finest Fruit, Agricultural, Timber, and Mineral Lands IN ™.SOUTH. THROUGH RATES AND TICKETS FURNISHED UPON APPLI CATION TO ALL POINTS North, Sooth, East, JNc&ts Central of Georgia Railway, Ocean Steanfehlp Co. fast freight AND LUXURIOUS PASSENGER ROUT* to New York, Boston AND THE Complete Information, Rate*. Sehedales d Trains and Sailing Dates of Steamers Cheer* hilly Furnished by any Agent of tho CompWf* THKO. D. KLINE, E. H. HINTON, General Supt. Trade Mane*** J. C. HAILE. Gen'l Pass. A*t. SAVANNAH. GA. 50 YEARS’ EXPERIENCE Anyone sending a t quickly ascertain-onr opinion free^w Invention ‘ gs ‘ tions strictly co: sent free. Oldei. Patents taken special notice, without Marks Designs Copyrights *£ ■;iono» ^ jthertf le. Common** Largest*®; Terms.* 4 " A handsomely illustrated weekly. cnJation of any scientific Journal, year; four months, f L Sold by all newsae-*--; MUNN & Co. 3e,B '“ ailM >' New Yort Branch Office. 625 F St, Washington. P-& JOB iv Subscriptions to The Patent Record $1X0 per annum. wore execute -AT THIS OFFICE- WNNNMtNMKmB tarn