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No Remedy Equals It.
Dr. 0. Laux,of Los Angeles, Cal., who
lias been a druggist and chemist for for-
ty-oue years, says: “I can honestly say
that I have never made or sold a rheu
matic remedy that gives such a large
percentage of cures ns URICSOL.” It
also pleasantly builds up the general
Bystem. Every sufferer should try it
nud not be deluded into trying other
things said to be “ju-t ns good." Drug
gists sell it ac $1.00 per bottle, or six
bottles for $5.00.
PENNSYLVANIA FUBK BYE,
BIGHT YEARS OLD.
OLDSHABBB WILLIAMS
Four ful.Quarts of this Fine Old, Pare
RYE WHISKEY,
$3.50
EXPBESS
PAID*
Wo ship on approval in plain, sealed boxes,
with no marks to indicate contents. When lyou
roooivo it and toBt it, if it 1b not satisfactory,
return it at our oxponso and wo wil return your
utoi
$8.60.
Wo guarantee thiB brand to bo
EIGHT YEARS OLD.
Right bottles for $0 60, express prepaid ;
bottfos for $0 60 express prepaid.
12
Ono^allon Jug, express prepaid, JJ3 00 •,
2 gallon jug, dxpro'ss prepaid) $6 60?
-Tgofi ‘ '
No ohargo for boxing,
Wo liamllo all tlio Ion
Uourbon Whiskios and
BO Pot* Cent, on Your Purchases:
Wo liamllo all tlio loading brands of Ryo and
*’ 'will save you
Kentucky Star Bourbon.
Ulkrldgo Bourbon 40
Boon Hollow Uourbon
Oolwood Puro Ryo....
Monogram Ryo 66
MoUrayor Ryo 00
Maker's A AAA..., 05
O. O. P. (Old Osoar Poppor)..
Old Crow
Plnohor's Golden Woddlng
Hoffman Houso Ryo
Mount Vernon, 8 years old 100
OldDlllingorRye, 10years old,.... 125
Tho above are only a fow brands.
Bond for a outaloguo.
All other SoodB by tho gallon, suoh ns Corn
. dAppio BrandlOB.eto.,
Quart,
Gallon.
$1 26
165
101)
190
2 00
220
240
240
76
260
2 60
800
360
126
400
Whlskoy, Poaoli and Apple Brandies, oto., sold
onnally ns low, from $125 a gallon and upwards
womako a speoiasty of the Jug Trade,
S nd all orders by Mail or Telgerajph will
avo our prompt attention: Special
Inducements offorod.
Mail Orders shipped Same day of tho
receipt of order.
The Altmnyer & Plateau
Liquor Company,
GOO, 508, 510, 512 Fourth Street, near
Union Passenger Depot.
MACON, GEORGIA
PERFECT PASSENGER
AND SUPERB
SLEEPING-CAR SERVICE
BETWEEN
ALL PRINCIPAL POINTS
IN THE
Connecting at
SAVANNAH with
STEAMSHIP LINES
PLYING BETWEEN
Savannah and
New York,
Boston,
Philadelphia,
Baltimore
AND ALL POINTS
NORTH AND EAST
Complete information, rates,
schedules of trains and
sailing dales, of steamers
cheerfully furnished by
any agent of the company.
THEO. D. KUNE, W. A. WINBURN,
General 8up't, Traffic Manager,
d. O. HAILE, General Pasa'r Agent,
f. J. R9WN80N, Ass’t General Paw'r Agent
8AVANNAH. QK
Description of Nitrogenous
Fertilizer Materials.
8UBSTANCES USED IN THEM,
JOB WOB.K
NEATLYBXECUTMD
AT THIS OFFICE -
Value Irt Dollars and Cents and Their
Agricultural . .Importance—Packing
House Products—Dried Blood Rich
est In Nitrogen.
As you and others have wrlten me to
know what is the value of the differ
ent materials used in the manufacture
of commercial fertilizers, I will give
you at this point a fairly complete ac
count of the Substances principally
used. First we will consider in the
order of their value lq dollars and
cents, and their agricultural import
ance, the nitrogenous materials, or
those which yield nitrogen to the plant.
Such substances are also known as am-
moniates, because under certain con-
ditios the nitrogen which they contain
can be converted into ammonia. Now
nitrogen and ammonia are hot the
same thing by any means, but still
they, are closely related, they are both
gases. Nitrogen, as- I have described
to you before in another, place, is a
colorless, ordorless, tasteless gas, and
constitutes four-fifths of the air or at
mosphere which envelops the earth.
Ammonia is also a gas and is colorless,
but it haa a pungent odor, the same
which you have noticed in spirits of
hartshorn or spirits of ammonia
bought from tho drug store. It also
s a caustic burning taste, and is
easily dissolved in water, which nitro
gen is not.
Ammonia is made by causing nitro
gen to combine with hydrogen. Four
teen pounds if nitrogen combine with
three pounds of hydrogen to make
seventeen pounds of ammonia, so that
ammonia always contains a large
amonnt of nitrogen, but nitrogen never
contains any ammonia. And right
here it 16 well for you to understand,
that we have all fallen into a very
unwise and erroneous habit of speak
ing about a fertilizer as containing
such a per cent, of ammonia. As a
matter of fact it is rarely, if ever, the
case that a fertilizer contains any am
monia, as such at all, but it does con
tain nitrogen combined in various
forms.
As you know it Is customaVy, in the
careless way of talking obtaining
among us all, to speak of cotton-seed
meal as containing eight per cent, of
ammonia. That is wrong, it does not
contain any ammonia, but it does, con-
tain six and six-tenths per cent, of
nitrogen in the form of albuminoids or
protein, of which I wrote you so^mucli
in my letters on feeding; and this six
and six-tenths per cent, of nitrogen
can under certain chemical conditions
bo converted into eight per cent, or am
monia. I hope then I have made this
plain, and when you buy a fertilizer in
the future don’t imagine, because, you
smell certain peculiar odorB about it,
that you smell ammonia; that Is rarely,
if ever, the case; the odors you smell
are usually due to animal matters,
flsh-scrap etc., and Indicate no greater
value in the fertilizer than one which
has no odor at all.
In the same way a dark or black
color is no indication of value in the
fertilizer. In point of fact the highest
grade fertilizer which could possibly
be compounded by the art of man
would be snow white in color. The
materials used for compounding such
a fertilizer would be nirate of aim
monia and phosphate of potash, and
these salts when chemically pure are
snow white salts. To return now to
our description of the various nitro
genous materials. Cotton-seed meal,
with which you are fully familliar,
stands flirst in importance in Southern
agriculture.
An average meal of good quality
will contain six and six-tenths per
cent, of nitrogen, whteh, if converted
into ammonia,'w^uld be equal to eight
per cent.
It also contains an average of 2.7
per cent, of phosphoric acid and 1.8
per cent, of potash. It is a very valua
ble fertilizer, and constitutes the nitro
gen bfffee of the greater portion of com
mercial fertilizers manufactured in the
South.
“PACKING-HOUSE PRODUCTS..”
As little is generally known of these
and the manner of their production,
I will give you a 7 brief account of their
manufacture.
The great packing-houses are locat
ed chiefly in Chicago, Kansas City and
Omaha, where immense numbers of
cattle are slaughtered, and the var
ious parts of the body are put to some
special use. Apart form the production
of dressed beef, mutton or pork, there
is of course a large quantity of waste
to be utilized, but the material most
interseting to us is that which is used
for fertilizer, this consists of blood,
of bones, and a mixture of scraps of
meat, skin, bones and blood.
DRIED BLOOD.
The material known as "‘dried blood”
a s\ v. •
is the most valuahlle fertilizing pro
duct, and the richest in nitrogen. In
preparing this material, tho liquid
blood is collected in vats, where it is
cooked; this' process causes the
separation of the protein of the blood
from much of the water;' It is then J
put into presses where about one-half j
of fthe water Is pressed out. After
pressing it is still damp and in the
form of cakes; these cakes are next
broken up and dried by passing them
through a mechanical drier heated
by steam. The damp cakes go
In at one end of the machine and the
dry cakes come out at the other, when
they are ground to a powder and sack
ed ready for market. This blood will I
usually contain about thirteen per cent, j
of nitrogen, which is the equivalent of j
about sixteen per cent, of ammonia,
but as in the case of the cotton-seed?
meal, there is actually no ammonia in
It.
TANKAGE.
The next important product of the
slaughter-house is whwat is known to
the fertilizer trade as "Tankage.”
This is a mixture of blood, bones,
waste scraps of meat, etc. This ma
terial gets its name from the
fact that it is cooked in huge
tanks in the first preparation. It is
cOoked under steam pressure at
a high temperature for several hours.
As a result, most of the fat in the mass
is melted and rises to the top of the
tanks, where it Is skimmed off and
utilized for soap-making and other pur
poses. The hones and the cooked
meat, etc., now lie at the bottom of the
tank, and the tank water is dark and
highly colored—is in fact a sort ‘ of
soup, containing nitrogenous matter iu
solution. The solid matter, bones, etc.,
are removed and crushed or ground in
the same way as was done with the
dried blood product.
CONCENTRATED TANKAGE.
The tank water is run into a vacuum
evaporator, the excess of water re
moved, and a product known as "Con
centrated Tankage” is the final result
of the treatment. The finished mater
ial contains about twelve per cent, of
nitrogen. The dried and ground BOne
Tankage, or what is known as simply
Tankage, contains about seven per
cent, of nitrogen, ten per cent, of total
phosphoric acid and six and one-half
per cent, of available phosphoric acid.
BONE MEALS.
There are also three kinds of bone
meal produced: raw gone meal, regu
lar bone meal, and steamed bone meal.
The first is, as its name indicates,
produced by the crushing and grind
ing of raw bones, after removing any
adhearing fat or meat. This material
contains aboqt four per cent, of nitro
gen, twenty-three per cent, of total
phosphoric acid, and eight and one-
half per cent, of available phosphoric
acid. The regular bone meal is cooked
under pressure for a few hours in the
tanks; this removes fat and also causes
some loss of nitrogen, but makes the
product grind easier and finer. This
grade of bone meal contains about
three per cent, nitrogen, twenty-seven
and one-half per cent, total phosphoric
acid and twelve and one-half per cent,
available phnsmhpric acid. Steamed
bone meal is the product of the glue
works, and Is made by grinding tho
bones left after boiling all the fat and
glue out of them that can be obtained.
This process reduces the percentage
of nitrogen, so that steamed bone meal
will hardly average more than two
per cent, of nitrogen, but has about
the same amount of phosphoric acid
as the ordinary bone meal.
HORN AND HOOF MEAL—MISCON
CEPTIONS ABOUT.
Horn and hoof meal is another pro
duct of the slaughter-house. Imper
fect horns and dark colored hoofs are
firat thoroughly steamed, then dried
and ground into meal. The better
quality of horn and hoofs command
very . high prices, even as high as
$200 a ton, for other purposes, in the
manufacture of buttons and novelties;
hence the quantity of this material
coming on the market is limited.
There was formerly a great prejudice
against it, and it used to be considered
fraudulent to "se it in fertilizers.
Even in standard works on Agricul
tural Chemistry of quite recent date
the material is spoken of as being
very slowly available as plant food,
This, however, has in the past two
or three years, been shown to
be an error and the material
is now regarded by the best in
formed a® a rich and highly available
source of nitrogen. The quantity of
it on the market is comparatively small
There are many other products of the
packing-house, but these are the chief
ones of interest to the fertilizer trade
and to the farmer. In the next letter
I will finish describing the nitrogenous
fertilizer materials, and 1 write you
something about phosphates.
Yours truly,
JNO. M. McCANDLESS,
j^[4State Chemist.
The Only Guaranteed Kidney Cure
is Smith’s Sure Kidney Oure. Your drug
gist will refund your money if after tak
in g ond ! buttle you are not satisfied with
results. 50 cents at Gater’s Drugstore.
Long
service,
least cost
{or repairs,
ease of erec
tion (simply
, stretch and staple
It) high grade steel
at a low price—that’s
what makes it
The Fence of Economy
' Made
in six
heights,
18-inch to
58-inch. In
styles for fields,
orchards, lawns,
hen yards, etc. It
keeps stock and small
r animals where they be- ,
long, and protects crops. It’s
The AH’Round Fence
Examine the way the Ellwood
Fence is woven. The eye
oi a practical man will
L see at a glance why
it stands strains—
never sags,
buckles, pulls J
out posts or 1
breaks.
You can see an Ellwood Fence
in use in any part of the
country, almost any
neighborhood. There’s
a dealer handling
them everywhere.
If yours should
not have them,
write to
Amcrlcnn Steel
and Wire Co.,
Chicago,
No York,
San
Francisco,
llenier. ‘
The Kind You Have Always Bought# aud which has been,
in use for over SO years, has borne the signature of
and has been made under his per
sonal supervision since its infancy*
Allow no one to deceive you in this*
All Counterfeits, Imitations and “ Just-as-good” are but
Experiments that trifle with and endanger tho health of
Infants and Children—Experience against Experiment*
What Is CASTORIA
Castoria is a harmless substitute for Castor Oil, Pare
goric, Drops aud Soothing Syrups. It is Pleasant. It
contains neither Opium, Morphine nor other Narcotic
substance. Its ago is its guarantee. ✓It destroys Worms
and allays Feverishness, It cures Diarrhoea and Wind
Colic. It relieves Teething Troubles, cures Constipation
and Flatulency. It assimilates the Food, regulates tho
Stomach and Bowels, giving healthy and natural sleep.
The Children’s Panacea—Tho Mother’s Friend.
GENUINE
ALWAYS
Efaicl-e Signature of
In Use For Over 30 Years*
THE CENTAUR COMPANV, 77 MURRAY STREET, NEW YORK CITY.
MOTHERHOOD
The greatest ambition of Amer
ican men and women is to have
homes blessed with children. The
woman afflicted with female dis,-*
ease is constantly menaced with"
becoming a childless wife. No
medicine can restore dead or
gans, but Wine of Cardui does
regulate derangements that pre
vent conception; does prevent
miseari’iage; does restore weak
functions and shattered nerves
and does bring babies to homes
barren and desolate for years.
Wine of Cardui gives women the
health and strength to bear heal
thy children. You can get a
dollar bottle of Wine of Cardui
from your dealer.
PNE»l€ARDUI
148 Market Street,
_ _ . Memphis, Tenn., April 14,1901.
In February, 1901,1 took one bottle of
an( i on ® package of
Thedford’sBlaok-Draught. 1 hadbeen
S a years and':, had »ever
achildii
—--— nntil I took Wine
I am mother oi aline
feel as,'WqU:as'any person could feeL
Nowmj home is happy and I never wil)
be without Wine of Cardui in my houau
Mrs; J. W. O. SMITH.
The Macon Telegraph.
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Subscription Daily and Sunday,
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For advice and literature,
Tho Ladles’ A
‘IP*?, Liles’ Advisory ’Depart^
Subscribe for tin Home Journal.
FOR
II Christian Union Herald,
a strong, religious, seven-column paper,
devoted to the moral and material ad
vancement of the colored race, with an
extensive circulation. *
Published Weekly at Savannah, Ga.
Subscription $1.00 Per xe. r.
REV. W. A. DINKINS, Editor,
P. E. Fort Valley District.
60 YEARS’
EXPERIENCE
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