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fHE GAINESVILLE NEWS, WEDNESDAY SEPTEMBER 10, 1902 acid and twelve and one-half per cent, available phosphoric acid. Steamed hone meal is the .product of the glue works, and is made by grinding- the bones left after boiling all the fat and glue out of them that can be obtained. This process reduces the percentage of nitrogen, so that steamed bone meal will hardly average more than two per cent.; of nitrogen, but has about the same amount of phosphoric acid as the ordinary bone meal. HORN AND HOOF MEAL—MISCON CEPTIONS ABOUT. Horn and hoof meal is another pro duct of the slaughter-house. Imper fect horns and dark colored hoofs are fiivit thoroughly steamed, then dried and ground into meal. The better quality of horn and hoofs command very high prices, even as high as $200 a ton, for other purposes, in the manufacture of buttons and novelties; hence the quantity of this material coming on the market is limited. There was formerly & great prejudice against it, and it used to be considered fraudulent to * se it in fertilizers. Lven in' standard works on Agricul tural Chemistry of quite recent date the material is spoken of as being very slowly available as plant food. This, however, has in the past two or three years, been shown to be an error and the material is now regarded by the best in formed a® a rich and highly available source of nitrogen. The quantity of it on the market is comparatively small. There are many other products of the packing-house, but these are the chief ones of interest to the fertilizer trade and to the farmer. In the next letter I will finish describing the nitrogenous fertilizer materials,, and write you something about phosphates. Yours truly, JNO. M. McCANDLESS, State Chemist. INDUSTRIAL Digests what yon eat. This preparation contains all of the digestants and digests all kinds of food. It gives instant relief and never fails to cure. It allows you to eat all the food you want. The most sensitive stomachs can take it. By its use many thousands of dyspeptics have been cured after everything else faifed. It prevents formation of gas on the stom ach, relieving all distress after eating; Dieting unnecessary. Pleasant to take* It can't help but do you good Prepared only by E. O. DeWitt & Co., Chicago- Description of Nitrogenous Fertilizer Materials. SUBSTANCES USED IN THEM Value In Dollars and Cents and Their Agricultural . .importance—Packing House Products—Dried Blood Rich est In Nitrogen. As you and others have writen me to know what is the value of the differ ent materials used in the manufacture of commercial fertilizers, I will give you at this point a fairly complete ac count of the substances principally used. First we will consider in the order of their value in dbllars and cents, and their agricultural import ance, the nitrogenous materials, or those which yield nitrogen to the plant. Such substances are also known as am- moniates, because under certain con- ditios the nitrogen which they contain can he converted into ammonia. Now nitrogen and ammonia are not the same thing by any means, but still they are closely related, they &re both gases. Nitrogen, as I have described to you before in another place, is a Colorless, ordorless, tasteless gas, and constitutes four-fifths of the air or at mosphere which envelops the earth. Ammonia is also a gas and is colorless, but it has a pungent odor, the same which you have noticed in spirits of hartshorn or spirits of ammonia bought from the drug store. It also has a caustic burning taste, and is easily dissolved in water, which nitro gen is not. Ammonia is made by causing nitro gen to combine with hydrogen. Four teen pounds if nitrogen combine with three pounds of hydrogen to make seventeen pounds of ammonia, so that ammonia always contains a large gmomit of nitrogen, but nitrogen never contains any ammonia. And right here it is well for you to understand, that we have all fallen into a very Unwise and erroneous habit of speak ing about a fertilizer as containing Such a per cent, of ammonia. As a matter of fact it is rarely, if ever, the case that a fertilizer contains any am monia, as such at all, hut it does con tain nitrogen combined in various forms. As you know it is customary, in the careless way of talking obtaining among us all, to speak of cotton-seed meal as containing eight per cent, of ammonia. That is wrong, it does not contain any ammonia, but it does con tain six and six-tenths per cent, of nitrogen in the form of albuminoids or protein, of which I wrote you so much hi my letters on feeding; and this six and six-tenths per cent, of nitrogen can under certain chemical conditions be converted into eight per cent, or am monia. I hope then I have made-this plain, and when you buy a fertilizer in the future don’t imagine, because, you smell certain peculiar odors about it, that you smell ammonia; that is rarely, if ever, the case; the odors you smell are usually due to animal matters, fish-scrap etc., and indicate no greater value in the fertilizer than one which has no odor at all. In the same way a dark or black* color is no indication of value in the fertilizer. In point of fact the highest grade fertiliser which could possibly be compounded by the art of The great packing-houses are locat ed chiefly in Chicago, Kansas City and Omaha, where immense numbers of cattle are slaughtered, and the var ious parts of the body are put to some special use. Apart form the production of dressed beef, mutton or pork, there is of course a large quantity of waste to be utilized, but the material most interseting to us is that which is used for fertilizer, this consists of blood, of bones, and a mixture of scraps of meat, skin, bones and blood. - DRIED BLOOD. The material known as “dried blood” is the most valuablle fertilizing pro duct, and the richest in nitrogen. In preparing this material, the liquid blood is cqllected *n vats, where it is cooked; this process causes the separation of the protein of the blood from much of the water; it, is then put into presses where about one-half of fthe water is pressed out. After pressing it is still damp and in the form of cakes; these cakes are next broken up and dried by passing them through a mechanical drier heated by steam. Thfe damp cakes go in at one end of the machine and' the dry cakes come out at the other, when they are ground to a powder and sack ed ready for market. This blood will usually contain about thirteen per cent, of nitrogen, which is the equivalent of about sixteen per cent, of ammonia, but as in the case of the cotton-seed meal, there is actually no ammonia in Mexican Mustang Liniment It gives immediate relief. Get a piece of soft old linen cloth, saturate it with this liniment and bind loosely upon the wound. You can have no adequate idea what an excellent remedy this is for a bum until yon have tried it. A rnil/I TIP If you have a bird afflicted with Roup or any I U V¥ L 111 ■ other poultry disease use Mexican Mustang Idniment. It is called a standard remedy by poultry breeders. IRRIGATION Mr. W. R. Welke in Farm and Ranch for July 26th, 1902, writing for his own State, Texas, says: ^ “If the rice farmer could find means to irri gate his field and keep it ior weeks, and even months, under water, why should the cotton, wheat and corn raising people not he able to give their fields ^one, or even two irrigations, one before and another during the drouth The subterfuge that it costs too much, that the farmer is not able, is untena ble. The fact is that, either he docs not believe in it, or he is too indolent to get out of the old rut. If he is nor able to do it alone, can’t he combine with his neighbor? It seems that the hundreds of thousands of dollars in vested every year in costly farm ma chinery rusting and. rotting in the rain, could have been better employed on irrigation plants, that would enable the buyer to have something to reap and thrash. The best reaping and thrash ing machinery cannot harvest a crop that is not grown. Good cultivation goes far to make a crop, but, if there is not sufficient moisture in the soil Lingering Summer Colds. Don’t let a cold run »t this season. Summer colds are the hardest kind to cure and if neglected may linger along for months. A long siege like this Will pull down the strongest constitution. One Minute Cough Cure will break up the attack at once. Safe, sure, acts at once. Cures coughs, colds, croup, bron chitis, all throat and Jung troubles. The children like it. Robertson & Law. WE, THE .DISTILLERS/ guarantee these goods tow I pro pare and 7 years old. Sb{ IBs better at any price, mj win ship in plain boxes u tj| any address, express pjj Eaj paid at the following tiller’s prices: || 5 Full Bottles,S3.45j yj (O Full Bottles, 6.53 M 12 Full Bottles, 7.901 |i 15 Full Bottles, 8.70 lUl Your money back ifnoiaJ *Hj represented. A sample ii TANKAGE. The next important product of the slaughter-house is whwat is known to the fertilizer trade as “Tankage.” This is a mixture of blood, bones, waste scraps of meat, etc. This ma terial gets its name from the fact that it is cooked in huge tanks in the first preparation. It is cooked, under steam pressure at a high temperature for several hours. As a result, most of the fat in the mass is melted and rises to the top of the tanks, where it is skimmed off and utilized for soap-making and other pur poses. The bones and the cooked meat, etc., now lie at the bottom of ihe tank, and the tank water is dark and highly colored—is in fact a sort of soup, containing nitrogenous matter in solution. The solid matter, bones, etc., are removed and crushed or ground in the same way as was done with the dried blood product. CONCENTRATED TANKAGE. The tank water is run into a vacuum evaporator, the excess of water re moved, lind a product known as “Con centrated Tankage” is the final result of the treatment. The finished mater ial contains about twelve per cent, of nitrogen. The dried and ground Bone Tankage, or what is known as simply Tankage, contains about seven per cent, of nitrogen, ten per cent, of total phosphoric acid and six and one-half per cent, of available phosphoric acid. BONE MEALS. There are also three kinds of bone meal produced: raw gone meal, regu lar bone meal, and steamed bone ni$ai. The first is, as its name indicates, produced by the crushing and grind ing of raw bones, after removing any adhearing fat or meat. This material contains about four per cent, of nitro gen, twenty-three per cent, of total phosphoric acid, and eight and one- half per cent, of available phosphoric acid. The regular bone meal is cooked under pressure for a few hours in the tanks; this removes fat and also causes some loss of nitrogen, but makes the product grind easier and finer. This grade of bone meal contains about three per cent, nitrogen, twenty-seven liiiKES WHEHE Ail ELSE FAILS. Best Congb Syrup. Tastes Good, uw jn time. by druggists- to dissolve- the plant and enable the root to assimilate the same, there will not be a paying crop, even on the best available bottom soil, even if the sub soil is taking some moisture from the lower strata and a half a bale of cotton or 20 bushels of corn to the acre may he raised on this exraordinary soil. Two bales of cotton and 80 to 100 bushels of corn to the acre with one good irrigation at the right time would make the gravest farmer smile. The upland or prairie farmer is still more in need of irrigation that the owner of rich alluvial bottom lands.” Now we will add to this remark of Mr. Welke’s irigation may not be prac- ticible on all Georgia farms, but there are sections of the State where it is practicable, and where it would se cure to the farmer immunity from drouth and consequent failure of crops. GA. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. Tested Fruit and Ornamental Trees for the South. We offer the leading varieties of Ap ples, Peaches, Pears, Japan Plums, and small Fruits for both Home and Market Orchards. Pecans, Evergreens and Shrubbery. Every plant guaranteed true to name. No substitution. Write for prices on what you want and secure your trees early. Corres pondence relative to fruit growing cheerfully answered. ✓ SOUTHERN STATES NURSERY, Ingleside, tia. Trains from Atlanta, for Toccoa, Greenville, Spartanburg; Charlotte, Washington and pass Gainesville: No. 36, Mail (daily) 2:28 a. m; No. ^ (daily) 10:37 a. m; No. # 38, Li®* ted (daily) 2:25 p. m; No. ^ Express, (daily) 2:45 p. IS, Bexle (except Sunday) r i’^ man ■would be snow white in color. The materials Used for compounding such a fertilizer would be nlrate of am mania and phosphate of potash, and laese salts when chemically pure are snow white salts. To return noV to our description of the various nitro genous materials. Cotton-seed meal, with which you are fully familliar,’ stands fiirsfin importance in Southern agriculture. v An average meal of good quality will contain six and six-tenths per cent, of nitrogen, which, if converted into ammonia, would be equal to eight per cent. It also contains an average of 2.7 per cent, of phosphoric acid and 1*8 per cent, of potash. It is a very valua ble fertilizer, and constitutes the nitro- gen base of the greater portion of com mercial fertilizers manufactured in the South. “PACKING-HOUSE PRODUCT f\." As little is generally known of these and the manner of their production, I will give you a brief account of their manufacture. Trains'fro WaBhingtou^uns 1 ' lofcte, etc. for Atlanta, etc., P a Gainesville: No. 35, Fast (daily) 4:29 a. m; No. 17,1 (except Sunday) 7:20 a. ® 39, Express (daily) 2:45 P- c No. 37, Limited, (daily) 3:30 m; (daily) 8:28 p.m. Through trains for Washing 01 New York, etc. Connections Lula for Athens, fat Toccoa - Elberton, at Greenville fo r . nmbia, etc.,| at Spartanburg Asheville, Columbia, Cbari e5 | c etc., and at Atlanta for all ? v ABOVE SEA. Agricultural College Main Building. , Nice women shudder at chorus girls who get presents of valuable jewels but they can’t help feeling how lucky they are. When a woman’s husband quits doing something he knows she doesn’t like, it is time for her to discover what he has been doing in its place. and one-half Der cent, total nhosnhoric DAHLONEGA, GA. A college education in the reach, of all. A.B., B.S., Normal and Business Man’* courses. Good laboratories; healthful, invigoratin 'cli mate; military discipline; good moral and religions influences. Cheapest board in the State; abundnnceof country produce;expenses from $75 to $150 a year; board m dormitories or private families. Special license course for teachers; full faculty of nine; all under the control of the University. A college prepar atory class.- Co-ed. tcation of sexes. The insti tution founded specially for students of limited means. Send f-»r catalogue to the President. Xos. S. Stbwakt. A.M. A positive specific for bilious fever, malaria, chills and fever, malarial Malaria and poisoning, malarial debility, malarial A£ll6 Cure dyspepsia,dumb ague. *£££&$£ /Q>/- /co/« TO*! P S