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g Thelnheritance Tax R T A é By Professor Charles J. Bullock, of Harvard University. g O Americans of the last generation the inheritance tax i’ ¥ was a fiscal curiosity, but to-day it is found in not fewer ] 7 than thirty-four states, and must be accepted as an ac ; complished fact of American finance. . Thée present inleritance taxes employed by the severa] 1 states are levied clearly to raise revenue, ; But it is now proposed to introduce a federal inheri -3 Gy tance tax to reduce swollen fortunes. The proposal as sumes that there is in the United States an undue con centration of wealth and power in a few hands, and it cannot be denied that many thoughtful men have come to such a conclusion. But if the exis tence om such a tendency be admitted the inheritance tax is no remedy therefor, If excessive fortunes have been made by reckless or dishonest manipu lation of cerporations, the obvious remedy is to reform corporation laws and to clevate the standards of business morals, New legislation may be needed at some points, but relentless enforcement of existing laws against censpiracy and theft would probably go far to accomplish the desiréd re sult. Such remedies are simple and old faghioned, but they have a potency far exceeding all schemes for social regeneration through act of Congress. If our federal government needs additional revenue, it can at any moment raige an additional hundred millions by restoring the tax on beer and tobacco to the figures enforced during the Spanish war, Our state and local govern ments have no such convenient resources. ’ For financial reasons, therefore, an inheritance tax should be reserved to the several states. For economlc and social reasons, its function should be to raise revenue, and not to reform the distribution of wealth. The Cruel Landlady She Scorns Women Lodgers and Bars Such as Take Pupils. By Lucile Borden, of New York. g :momo HE Autocrat of the Breakfast Table is as nothing in com parison with the autoerat who prevents young women from ' living in her rooms. The writer has seen how a Wellesley College teacher is scorned and flouted. She has been open i ly ingulted and driven out of the house like a criminal con ©6Bo victed of stealing spoons beecause, forsooth, she ventured to hint in a delicate way that she took a “few pupils.” “Indeed, 1T would not have them in the house. Me run ning to the door bell! No, you can't have the room at any price.” ‘ It was formerly the custom to fling the little girl babies into the Ganges. The New .York landlady is the lineal descendant of those heathen mothers. She advertises for “gentlemen only.” She looks out of the door coyly at the Zloght of petticoats. She avers that there are no roomsg to be let, though you 1d up the newspaper with her own advertisement in print. After five days actually counted in pursuit of a room in the 70s and 80s only, the writer, after pocketing all sorts of insults and abuse, has seitied as tne attic philosopher under the roof of an imposing residence, where she is re ceived as the “top floor.” ' , ‘Only business women are wanted in New York. The rest may retire to their hillside farms and listen to the wind howling through the branches in Autumn, It s “seat cat” wheresoever one may ring, until the offender _becomes apologetic for belng & woman. . ofvT et M from the dilapiQated window shidde, this fs tfue in more senses than one. I told the autoerit that I did not smoke, but she was inexorable. The men wasted the matches, and she would not provide luxuries. And the landlord? What of him? He is invisible. In only one instance «tiid he appear. Then he was suave and polished. Hence the conclusion that the New York landlady is a widow. She reigns triumphant, abusive, vain of her prowess in ousting unedsirable roomers. What is the resulting neea? The hotel for women where at moderate pices meals may be had in tae house, There should be rooms from $4 (o $6 up. At the Martha Washington the lowest rooms rent for $6, and one is obliged to wait sometimes several weeks for one of these to be vacant. o - o * Ry R M?flz f The Reserve Force ' (ness . in Busines - O o DM 8 By Herbert J. Hapgood. QR perte L HE successful general never puts his entire force into the fleld, He always has strength in reserve to meet' an emer- T geney. In the battle for business success the wise employ er does likewise, and he has growing up in his establish el ment at all times a force of young men who can step into ' places that may become vacant through death, sickness, | ‘ the inroads of competitors or failure to “make good.” e s The human part of a business machine is an uncertain quantity, Just when you least expect it, a man on whom you have b*)n counting for important results and who has hitherto shown himself capable of securing them suddenly proves lacking and has to be replaced. How vitally important it is then to have in reserve a force of men thoroughly trained in your own methods for use when the need arises. Formetly, employers developed this reserve force from their office boys, That was in the days when men who began work very young and with limited education were considered the most capable: and about the highest form of praise that could be given a man was to call him “self made.” Men are still “self made” and always will be, whether they finished their education in the grammar school or took degrees at a university. Education does not make the man-—it only develops him; but it almost invariably en: ables the man of native ability to strike the gait more quickly. Within recent years, employers have come to realize this. Experience has taught that the best value is found in the young man who enters busi ness a little later in life, but with better educational training and more nature judgment, even though they are obliged to pay him four or five times the salary at which they used to start since boys, High school and college graduates are the chief source of supsy for thig reserve force which every progressive firm should be accumulating. 1t i 8 with men from the colleges, universities and technical schools that this article will chiefly deal, but the advantages of those with ouly high school training should not be overlooked. Many of the large city high schools, in fact, give courses that are almost equal to those of the gmall colleges. The high school graduate of 1906 often is fully as well educated as his father who received a college degree in 188¢ or thereabouts, In some branches of business, high schcol men ure perhaps preferable to college men. This Is lkely to be true in clerical work, especlally, as the high scheol graduate is usually a better penman and quicker at figures. On the other hand, it should be borne in mind that he is almost always Inferior in judgment, knowledge of human nature and other qualities which a man de velops as he grows older. It Was Santa, “Anybody been in, Jack?" asked the building inspector. “Man with white whiskers wanted a permit to go down chimneys.” . “Well, well! 1 hope you didn't charge him anything for it—Louis ville Courier-Journal, A Plain Baby, “Johnnie,” said teacier, “I under stand you have a new baby up at your house. What is it, a boy or a Rirl?” “Neither,” sald Johnnie promptly, “it's just & plain baby!"—Washington Star. SOMETIMES, ‘**t 4cwoss the fields of long” ago (40’ Fe 'rometimes comes to me, « = A httle lad with face aglow= s The lad 1 usel to be. e A 7 yet ha smiles o w.stfully, “‘al Cnes he hos erept withine 5 I wyonder he sl hopes to see i he man ) might have heen! —Yhomas 8. Jonez, Jr., in Ainslea’s,’ et s e T R s % b T HHTHUSIASM .'F r s ’ o YOR SCIENCE Uy By MAX ADELER. Uy Liveryucdy has observed how ank asronaut, who goes frelicking around: in the air in what he cizims to bathe cauge of sciencs, seems to regard the mest appalling accidents to himself, end the most fearful destruction of other people's nronerty, with the! same kind of delight that an ordi nary mean would feel when he has a fortune left to him. Professor Smart is that kind of an aerial navigator, and he was telling me the other day of a deligintful voyage he took a short time ago in his balloon. He gaid; We went up from Easton—Stone man, Bob Tarr and myself—and it was the most magnificent trip I ever took. - Perfectly splendid! We got her “full about 12 o'clock, and the crowd held her down until we were ready, and then I gave the word, and they let go, and we went a-booming into the air. One man got caught in a twist of the rope as she gave her first spurt upward, and it Just slammed him up against a fence as if he’d been shot out of a howitzer. Smashed in three or four of his ribs, I belieye, and cracked his leg. But we went up just beautiful about 1500 feet, and while we were looking at the lovely scenery we ran into a cloud and I told Bob to throw over some ballast. FHe heaved out a couple of sandbags, and one of them accident ally fell on Major Dick’s hired girl, who was hanging clothes in the gar den, and the other went gock into hig chimney and choked her up. He was mad as the mischief about it when we came down. No enthugiasm for science. Some men don’t eare a esnt whether the world prozresses or not, Well, sir, we shot up about 1000 feet more, and then Stoneman dropped the lunchbasket overboard Ly accident, and we wens up about four miles. Stoneman got blue in the face, Bob fainted, and I came near being asphyxiated mygelf. A mligte more and we'd all ‘2’ been dead men, but I gave the valve a jerk, and ve came down a-whooping. When the boys came to Bob said he was sick and wanted to get out, and as e were only a little ways above grotnd I threw out my grapnel. ’l‘hn;‘?fl-. ute a bre‘eéze struck her, and she went bout ninéty miles an hour oversome s arden s set and pretty soon got it tangled in tae weathercock on the Baptist Church steeple. I cut the rope and left it there, and I understood afterward the deacons sued the owner because he wounldn't come and take it down. Raised an awful fuss, and sent the sheriff after me. Trying to make ecientific investigation seems like a crime, and me working like a horse all the time to unfold the phenomena of nature! llf they 'a’ loved knowl edge more than ignorance, they wouldn’t 'a’ cared if I'd ripped their old steeple off and rammeqd her down like an ectinguisher on top of some factory chimney. So when we deposited the grape arbor we went up again a-kiting, and Bob got sicker, and said he must get out, and I rigged up another grapne} and threw it out. We were just over a farm near the river, and, as the wind was high, the grapnel tore through two fences and broke them. up, snatched the roof off the barn, ran against a sheep and ripped it in half, and then, as nothing would hold her, wo swooped into the woods, where we ran plump agalnst a tree. The branches skinned Stoneman's face, nearly put out my left eye, and kocked four teeth out of Bob's mouth. It was the most exciting voyage 1 ever took in my life, and T was just beginning to take an interest in it— Just getting warmed up and prepar- Ing to take meteorological observa tions, but Bob was so very ansious to quit that I didn’t like to refuse, al though I hated to give up and aban don my scientific investigations. So I threw out my coat and boots, and made the other fellows do the same, and we rosge above the trees, and sailed along splendidly until we siruck the river, when she suddenly dodged down, and the edge of the car caught in the water, and the wind took her, and we went scudding along like lightning, nearly drowned, Stoneman was washed overboard, however, and that lighiened her so she went up again, and 1 was for staying up, but Bob said he'd die if he didn’t get out soon, and, besides, he thought we ought to look after Gtoneman. But ! sald Stoneman was probably drowned anyhow, so there Was no use in sacrificing our experi ments for him, and I told Bob a man of his intelligence ought to he willing to pat up with something for the sake of science. And Bob said, as tfi him, science be hanged; it I didn't let him out he'd jump out. He was sick, you know. The man was not himself or he'd never 'a’ talked that way about a voyage that was so full of interest, and that was likely to re veal so many of the secrets of natupe, But, to oblige him, I at last got her down on. the other side of the river, and a farmer came up and held on to tho rope. » While we were talking to him, 1 was just tellifg him that, as the gas was coming out of the neck of the balloon, maybe he'd better put eut his clgar, when all of a sudden there was a terrific bang; the gas exploded and wrapped us in a sheet of flame, ond the next minute some of the neigktors picked up me and Bob, burned the worst kind, Bob was rozsted nearly to a crisp. Exciting, wesn't it? And they took him over t 5 the house, where we found that tuey had fiched ‘out Stoneman and vere roliing his body on a barrel to get the water out of him, When he 0t over it they sent the invalid corps back to town in a buggy-—Bob groan ing all the way, and me arguing with kim to show that science requires her votaries to give up a little of their personal comfort for the benefit it dces the race, and Stoneman eaying be wished he was well enough to go out and bang the inventor of balloons with a shotgun. But I enjoyed the trip more than I expected. So many exciting surprises, you know. As soon as we got home a contable came and arrested me for ciaucking that ignorant opponent of scientific inquiry up against the fence aud wrecking him. And when T was let off on bail I began to build a new balloon. She’s done now, and I'm going to make an ascension on Thurs day. Won’t you go up with me? The day's going to come when every body will travel that way. It’s the 'most exhilarating motion in the world, Come on up and help me make scientific observations in the upper easterly current. I didn’t 2ccept the professor's in vitation.—New York Weekly. HNewspapers as Educators By C. D. PUGSLEY, of Harvard, Considering how large a propor tion of the people the modern news paper reaches, and how effective an agency it is in disseminating news and influencing public sentiment on the igsues of the day, has suggested to me tbat the newspaper eould be made one of the foremost educative foices. The education of the large pro portion of our population ends with the public school, and very few have the time or mosey to secure the ad vantages of a bhigher education, The newspaper, I believe, could eagily organize an education depart ment with connected articles of say a column daily, in series, on eco nomics, social ethics, Dbiology, as tronomy and other subjects. The opportunity for a liberal edu cation would thus be given to every reader of the newspaner, and instead of the small minority who now at tain a higher education at our col leges the largs majority of the peo ple would be highly educatsd.” Here lies a great mission for the newspaper in giving to the whole people the benefits of higher educa tion and broad culture and the en richment of their lives which jt u R - It has been said that few people, including many university men them selves, have any definite idea of the meaning of the gowns worn by col legiate students. - In America, university gowns ex hibit much variety, there being a great difference in the various insti tutions; but all over the country—in faet, all over the English-speaking world—certain distinctions hold. ~ The ordinary bachelor’'s gown, the first the student owns, is of un adorned black with pointed sieeves, and is ordinarily made of serge or other simple black fabric. The master's gown is like the student's inasmuch as it is plain black; but the sleeves are cut differently, being long pendants shaped not unlike fish tails, and hanging from the elbows nearly to the 'bottom of the gown. ‘The master's gown may be made ‘of silk, as may also the bachelor’s gown if it is worn by a man of long acade mic standing who has happened to receive no higher degree; but the ordinary university man has no de sire to clad himself in silk. Most doctors’ gowns, especially in England "and Scotland, have hoods that give them certain distinctions and differentiate, by differences of color, the doctorates. — Harper's we,k‘y. 3Mz - { ‘;Jw:“m_- i’,:?:'; L Thig Plano is 8 e YT ~ The aetivity of piano manufactur ers does not end with pianists, al though naturally the greatest part of thelr energy and money is spent on ;the!:).'-v They often subsidize tours of orchestras, of violinists, of ’cel il‘l’su’. of conducting-comnrsers and composing-conductors, ams few sing ’erl of prominence start on a concert tour without the omfortable knowl edge that e snug sum is to come from the makers of the piano which is to be used in the concerts. Violinists especlally are notorionsly a ‘‘poor ‘business proposition.” Very few of ’}bom, however picturesque in appear ‘ance. make money for those that back théir tours, and an esplanation of their personal prosperity 1s very often found in the “underline” on the program of the concerts where they appear, to the effect that “The plano 1s a such and such,” even when }no plano appears on the stage. And €0 R Is with other instrumentalists, '-—-Wm. E. Walter, {n the Atlantie, e —————— S e— . | What Counld It Have Been? - A little four-year-old girl was en [joylu her first visit in the country; and, while playing near a brook, made the acquaintance of a spegjmen of the fauna of the reglon which she could not name, After carefully ob serving it for some time, she ran into the house, exclaiming: “O grand ma, I saw something so funny down there! It put its hands and its feet in its pockets and swallowed its head, What is it?"—Harper's Magasite. e %" =ee e s e Y ! ’ s e tea o e ei S S et el N Bg AR BEIRL: == = = = S iiaiae SaN Y v o i RR S e A =I R S 2s M A =2 - e - pgee T TSR eee 3 AT ooy e T LSO e P TR PS,oe eLR e g L SRR R S oTR T, Sl REL S e R s . S SO S PTG TS o A e SO R s R RTkAel Ay Eon e TR (1o se, N PR et el S ee T sgt o Y A e iSt il P ot ey it SR E T Ly P g eeRS R s e ee e e e et eRNRv ee e e R e e e ey s g |le TR a 1 a 0 ‘hmfiyiu’geekfli ) e Rt o ,f,,"s}h@?%%“'fff;fi;m Le 1 P SRR O Pt~ Ao Y 4 i L BT -t et | s eRtLA G S W (Y A e ’fl-“”"f”*fi‘&‘ . e s e 4,?{ f;*’.’"f”';fi% L ya"? 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Ravaillier, has devised a self-propelling vehicie which can navigate the water like an ordinary motor boat and also travel overland iike an automobile. The ofiicial tests of the boat, recent- Iy made in the presence of M. Barth ou, the Minister of Public Works, and other distinguished persons, were crowned with complete success. 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Three forward speeds and one backward speed are provided. Coupling, retarding and speed changing levers, a differential brake worked by a pedal, and a brake lever acting on the rear wheels complete the mechanism of propulsion on land. Steering is effected, as in an ordinary automobile, by a wheel connected with the front axle, the shaft of the wheel passing through a stuffing box. 2. The variable speed driving shaft, prolonged backward beyond the rear axle, may be connected, by means of & cluteh, with a screw propeller at the stern of the boat, the connection being made by moving a lever placed at the left hand of the driver of the vehicle. The rudder and the front axle are turned by the same steering wheel, ; The eapstan, which i 3 seen at the bow of the boat, is turned by a tan gent screw which is driven by the motor, by means of a wheel and belt and connected and disconnected by a loose wheel, or idler. The driving wheels, the propeller, and the capstan can be operated sep arately or simultaneously. i l . ‘ k B —— : ol aem \ E Al i > { - |'lM|.;|_~...________».';~:_ =y _{ \ — _‘ \\_ @ L I—A@ DIAQRAH §HOW!NG !!CHANIE}! 0_? THE AUTOMOBILE BOAT. | The speed of the vehicle, as deter ' mined by numercus trials, is thirfyf' five kilometers (twenty-one apd| ithree—qnarter miles) per hour g ‘land, and nine kilometers (5.6 milgg) | per hour in the water. ~ i The boat enters and leaves er water without any preparation er. !change, ercept in mechanical connfe tions. When afloat its stability §s !Derfect, as is shown by one of e |illustrations. It leaves the mtexizd : ‘climbs the bank under the impu n of its driving wheels if the grougid I 3 reasonably firm and the grade igss than fifteen per eent. If the bagk ; is staeper or softer, a rope is fastenéd | to a stake driven into the grousd, :and the boat is hauled up by the capstan, The equipment of the boat is cufix pleted by a pump for bailing, an gh chor, a buoy and a pair of oars apd ‘movable rowlocks for use in case of accldent to the motor while afioat. ¢ ° The Ravaillier automobile bgt ceems destined to render valuahle services to tourists. The best proof of the practical value of this invep tion is the fact that it has been % chased, together with all its patergs, by an American.——Scientific Ameri can. | sSheer Waste of Money. i At the Metropolitan Club, of Wash ington, Justice Harlan. had infyo ‘duced to him a well known New ng business man. With the appargnt purpose of impressing those about him, the New Yorker remarked th@.t bis income exceeded SIOO,OOO. “And I simply have to make that amoung,” he added. “Why, it costs me eighty thousand a year to live!” ' “Dear me,” said Justice Har&u. blandly. “Really that's too mugh! I wouldn't pay it—it isn't worth it!” —~—Demoecratic Telegram, The Missing Surname. A player for many years aszoclated with the late Rlchard Mansfield pe lates that one day in Philadelphia, as he was standing by a huge poskr in front of the theatre, a poster % represented Mansfield in the cha tet of Henry V., a man who was strolling by stopped to gaze at the bill. * Finally, with a snort of - gust, he muttered as he turned to gp: “ ‘Henry V.—' what?"—Harper's Weekly. The Natlonal Druggist scoffs at Dr. Wiley's proposed investigation of soda fountain drinks. It does rnbt believe as he does that any of the beverages contain chloral hydrate, opium or cocaine.