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Japanese Millet.
' There are several varieties of Ja
panese millet, such as fox tail, broom
corn and barnyard millets, and prob
ably some sub-varieties. I have been
raising the Japanese barnyard millet
several years for seed, and find it
highly satisfactory and far ahead of
any Hungarian or German millet yet |
raised in this vicinity.
On good soil, such as they have in
Howard County, this millet will grow
four to six feet high, and produce
from forty to sixty bushels of seed
per acre, and the straw if properly
cured is about as good a food as corn
fodder, and cattle seem to relish it as
much or more than good hay, but it
is of course less nutritious. The seed
of this millet contains about the same
percentage of the leading food con
stituents as oats. Last year I had
over 750 bushels of seed, but have
mone for sale now.—C. J. Stahly, in
the Indiana Farmer.
™ Sand in the Poultry House.
Whether the floor of the poultry
house is made of boards or of earth,
a thick layer of sand upon it has
many advantages. Sand, while it will
labsorb moisture and keep the floor
dry, does not get powdery and dusty
as does earth. On board floors it
permits of dirt being readily raked
up from its surface instead of the
boards having to be scraped, as oth
erwise might be the case. On earth
floors, if used properly, it acts as a
carpet and prevents their being grad
aually worn-down.
+ If used in this manner, on the ap-
Pproach of cold weather a good supply
©of sand should be laid in for winter
use. This can be done by either stor
ing it or by having the floor so con
structed that a large amount of sand
can be dumped upon it, so that dur
ding the winter it can be gradually
raked off from the surface and re
moved when necessary in such pro
{portion that it will not be gone until
spring.
Sand will not be found as good as
ditter for the fowls to exercise in, in
scratching for their feeds of grain,
et it can be made a fair substitute,
ithe fowls getting considerable exer
«cise in scratching in it, and it has the
{advantage of not hayving to be re-
Dlaced as often as does litter. Lit
iter, ‘~.}l,owever, is best forfthe scratch
ing sheds, but sand can:be used on
ithe »%fflfi-«r@‘él lie poultry ljouse itself
Eim'd" _upon. mfit;mpm s aften.
each time they are cleanegl, and if so
‘used will be found to ripay amply
for the trouble of securiflg’f";it."-’-’e—H. E.
Haydock, in the Tribune. |
g TITT e
Manures and Soils. |
The importance of studying your‘
80il and its needs is emphasized in
the following from the Farmer's Re
view:
One of the first things the farmer
must learn, says Farmer’s Review,
is that soils differ greatly as to the
kinds and quantities of the plant
ifoods they contain. This seems to be
one of the hardest things to impress
‘upon the farmer. Over and over
‘again the mistake is made of buying
a fertilizer because it has given good
iresults when applied to certain
'farms. In fact many of the fertilizer
isellers put out literature that has for
lits base tlie testimonials of growers
{showing how many potatoes were
‘grown, or how much of other things
‘were grown, as a result of the use of
the fertilizer.
There are many brands of ferti
/lizers on the market that purport
‘to be ‘‘special for potato growing,”
[for “wheat growing,” for ‘“‘cabbage
|growing,” and the like. The fact
that these brands are sold on their
names and claims shows how dense
‘is the ignorance of some of our peo
‘ple on the questions of soil and fer
tilizers. Soils differ so radically that
it is impossible to make a fertilizer
mixture that will be suited to the pro
duction of a certain crop in all
‘places. The supposition that such is
possible is a delusion and a snare,
' Every farmer should try to read
the reports of the investigation of
soils, that he may be able to form
a true conception of the needs of his
soil. To show how enormously soils
differ we have but to journey to dif
ferent parts of the State of Illinois
or to any State where a soil survey
has been made and experiments
undertaken. Go down into the Kan
kakee marshes that have been
drained and brought into cultivation. 1
‘They have soil so rich in nitrogens
that it is a loss of time to put on
‘nitrogenous fertilizers, and S4O of
blood per acre gave no results. But
a little potassium made the soil
bring forth tenfold. Just the oppo
sité may be found in another county
where the land lacks nitrogen and
has enough potassium. There the ap
plication of potassium had no effect,
while a Jittle blood accemplished
wonders.
Many soils have both potassium
and nitrogen, but lack phosphorus.
This has to be supplied before they
will give returns es any consequence.
‘As long as men buy fertilizers be
cause they do well in some places,
80 long will they throw away a large
part of their money.
Soils differ in different counties,
and they differ sometimes on the
same farm. Frequently one part of |
a farm is of one geological formation |
and another part of another geologi- |
cal formation. One may have been |
created a million years before the |
other was created. One may be the |
product of the grindings of the gla- |
ciers, while another may be the re- |
sult of the slow action of water de
positing its silt little by little. One |
part of a man’s farm may be rich in |
nitrogen, while another is starving
for it. A man must know his land |
and what is in it. :
|
Should Test Seed Corn, f
During two months members of |
the Indiana experiment station have |
made a study of the seed corn of the |
State and find the vitality of much :
of it to be in a serious condition. The |
unusual cold, wet season of 1907 did !
not allow the corn to mature and dry {
out before the time of frosts. In the |
early part of October much of the |
corn of the Staté was still in a very |
moist and immature condition and |
the series of hard freezes which !
came at that time materially injured !
the vitality. The result of these con- |
ditions is that those corn growers |
who depended on late selected seed |
are now finding, upon close examina- !
tion, many ears of questionable vi-!
tality. For these reasons all seed |
corn should be specially selected and I
thoroughly tested. A icst of each in- |
dividual ear should be made and all E
weak or dead ears should be dis- !
carded.
This test can be made in several |
ways. The following is suggested as |
a reliable and satisfactory one: i
Take a box made of inch lumber |
and of any convenient size, say about |
two by three feet and th,ree inches !
deep. Through the ends and sides, |
about two and a half inches from |
the bottom, bore small holes two}
inches apart.‘ Through these holes‘
string a light galvanized wire, which |
will divide the box into squares two |
inches to the side. Then fill the box I
with garden soil or sand and it is
ready for use. The ears should be
laid on the floor or racks in a row
so they can be numbered. From ear
No. 1 remove five kernels, each from
‘a different part of the ear, and place i
‘these in square No. 1; remove five
kernels from ear No. 2 and place in l
square No. 2 and so on until all the !
ears have been tested. After placing
the kernels moisten the material in
the box thoroughly and cover with a
glass or a rug to keep the surface
from drying. Place ‘he tester in a
room of ordinary living temperature,
or about seventy degrees Fahren
heit. After five days examine the
corn, and any ears that fail to show
a strong germination of the kernel§
should be removed and discarded. '
This method of testing corn is
simple, convenient and rapid and
means much in securing strong, ger- |
minable seed. Only fourteen ears f
are required to plant an acre of
ground. With an average yield each
ear means five bushels in the fall. |
When a man can test five to eight
bushels in a day and locate definite- }
1y all weak or bad ears, can he afford
to neglect this important step in the
preparation of his seed corn?—@G. I. |
Christie, Purdue Experiment Station, ‘i
PR, |
Draining a Field. |
The first point to be determined |
is the outlet. 'r'his should always be
‘at the lowest part of the land, or
‘ such as will afford a sufficient fall for |
the water—the outlet pipe should not |
ibe at the immediate bottom of the
‘ditch, but above the water ordinarily
}running in it. The main drain, or
~drains, must be at the lowest part
of the line of the greatest slope and
‘all the minor drains must enter the
mains diagonally in the same direc
tion as the run of the water and not
at right angles. A {four-inch main
drain is usually sufficient to carry off
the water from five or seven acres;
but where the land is springy larger
mains, or more of them are required.
The drains should not be less than
three feet deep, and where there is
‘sufficient fall, they are better three
and one-half feet to four teet deep.
A smooth and even fall and certain
outlet must be provided. A sharp
fall is not necessary. The distance
~of the drains will be determined by
the nature of the soil. Sandy, gravel
ly, or silty subsoils draw well and
the drains should be twenty-four feet
‘apart; for the medium texture sub
' soils, twenty-one feet; for stiff loams,
leighteen feet, and for retentive sub-)
soils, fifteen feet apart. In tenacious |
soils it is a good plan to fill thel
i trench with stones to the level of the
disturbed soll, or two feet from the |
surface, but in soils that are springy, :
as happens in sand, a little straw on |
which to lay the pipes is necessary, |
covering them lightly with the softeri
portions of the hedge-brushings, to |
prevent their being choked with |
quicksand. ~ All outlets must be se- |
cured with iron gratings sufficiently |
small between the bars to exclude§
| animals of the size of rats, or less, |
’This work of draining must be done |
carefully and thoroughly, it being es- |
'sential that the trench be examined |
‘before the pipes are laid in order |
‘; that any faults may be discovered and !
rectified.—W. R. Gilbert, in the Ag- |
ricultural Epitomist, |
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over walists and of similar effects
the guimpe makes an all important
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feature of the wardrobe, Here is
one, that while it gives an exceeding-
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ly Jlressy effect, calls for the smallest
possible quantity of all-over lace or
other material of a similar sort and
which allows a choice of plain or
frilled sleeves, in elbow or full
length. In the illustration it is made
of lawn with the yoke of all over
lace and the sleeves of lace edging
to match, but tucking or lace edging
joined omne strip to another, or, in
deed, any pretty material that may
be liked can be used for the yoke
with the sleeves of frills as illustrated
or of the material lace edged, or made
plain with cuffs. For the foundation,
lawn and silk both are correct,
The guimpe is made with front and
backs. It is faced to form a yoke,
which can be made on either round
or square outline, and is finished at
the lower edge with a basque portion
which does away with fulness over
the hips. When frilled sleeves are
used the frills are arranged over
puff foundations and are finigshed
with bands at their lower edges., The
long sleeves, however, are made over
fitted linings, which are faced to
form the cuffs.
The quantity of material used for
the medium size is three yards twen
ty-one or twenty-four, two and one
half yards thirty-two or one and one
half yards forty-four inches wide
with five-eight yard all-over lace, four
and three-quarter yards of lace five
inches wide for sleeve.
Elaborate Braiding,
Elaborate braiding is seen on many
of the newest models, both in cloth
and velvet, the narrow soutache being
the most popular,
- Plain Blouse or Guimpe.
The plain guimpe is a favorite one
for heavy lace, embroidery and ma
terfals of the sort and this season is
being made both with long and with
shert sleeves. This model is per
fectly adapted to such material,
while it can also be utilized for the
blouse of silk and wool materials, in
addition to all of which it serves the
very practical purpose of making a
satisfactory foundation for tucked
lingerie materials and the like.
When used in this way the plain ma
terial can be elaborated to suit in
dividual taste before cutting, and the
plain pattern can be laid on so pro
‘viding the necessary guide as to
shape. In this instance, however,
embroldered filet net is used as a
fiulmpe with long sleeves and the
lining is omitted. The long sleeves
are much liked just now for net and
other thin materials and are very
pretty beneath the short ones of
‘heavier material, but the full three
quarter sleeves gathered into bands
can be substituted whenever pre
ferred and both are equally correct.
The blouse consists of the fitted
lining, which can be used or omitted
as liked and is made with front and
‘backs. It can be adjusted by means
of a tape at the walst line as illus
trated or gathered and attached to
the lining when that is used.
The quantity of material required
for the medium size is three and
seven-eighth yards eighteen, three
and five-eighth yards twenty-two or
twenty-four, two and one-half yards
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thirty-two or one and seven-eighth
yards forty-four inches wide,.
New Neckwear Style,
A distinctive feature of some of the
new neckwear is the combination of
white and colored "linen, which 1s
seen in collars designed for wear
with plain white waists, or with
striped or checked blouses where the
colors will harmonize,
i '
Panel Effects in Favor.
A feature of all the new skirts is
the ‘panel effect in the front and
back.
SOUTH AMERICA
LAND OF SAINTS.
" Cruise of Our Fleet Teaches This
. "as a Geographical Lesson to [
Americans.
South American is a continent of
Saints.
Geography has been one of the les
sons taught to us by the cruise of
great fleet from Hampton Roads to '
San Francisco, and Americans, in fol- |
lowing the ships from day to day, in
the news and tracing their course on !
maps, have learned more about South
America thay they ever knew before.
Among the lessons taught have
been the names of places, and a
strong impression has been made by |
the number of times that “San” is’
used as a prefix to places. Sometimes
we see the prefix translated into our |
“Saint,” but in South America thel
Spanish form is used. . There are 517
places on that continent named after !
saints of the Catholic Church, and
the South Europe calendar has been
nearly exhausted.
They appeared on the charts of the
fleet at every principal point on the
long journey around the continent,
Where Brazil juts into the Atlantic
the sixteen ships had to head east
ward to safely round Cape St. Roque,
and, as the charts were studied on
the southward voyags there were al
ways Saints in sight. Near Bahia is
San Salvador and at the harbor Bahia
de Todos os Santos, or All Saints’
-Bay. Below that, near Rio de Jan
eiro, is Cape San Thome, and below
Montevideo is Cape San Antonio, with
the Gulf of San Matias south of that.
So it is all the way until San Nich
olas Bay is passed through in the
Strait of Magellan. It is the same
way up the west coast, Saint after
Saint, the principal ones being Cape
S&n Antonio, on the coast of Chile;
San Felipe, the capital of Aconcagua,
and others not so familiar, until San
tiago Bay, on the south side of the
Isthmus of Panama, is reached.
Santiago, derived from San Tago,
or St. James, as we would call it, who
is the patron saint of Spain, is natu
rally a favorite in Spanish countries,
and the name appears twenty-seven
times in the geography of South
America. San Antonio is another
favorite name, appearing in the entire
length of the continent, applied to
gulf, cape, mountain, port, province,
town and every possible place, being
repeated twenty-six times.
San Juan is met in every direction,
appearing thirty-six times, with San
~Jose only a little behind, being given
to thirty-two places. San Pedro
comes uext, “being affixed to thirty
places, and San Miguel is used only
~one time less. San Francisco is used
twenty-five times, and other saints,
whose names are used half a dozen
times or more are San Fernando, San
Diego, SBan Christobal and San Augus
tine, ; ,
‘Relief For Ornery Gas lingines
Our gasolene engine started to get
ornery one day last week, but we
headed it off by a little sharp prac
tice—we just sent for Herb Red
mond. We have never studied the
isnermost recesses of the engine, yet
for the reason that it has always be
haved in a becoming manner when
- We were around, so we determined
to watch Herb and see what he did.
He walked right up to it man‘ully
and took hold of the main condivias
that fastens ilie poliwog to the ding
bat and turned it gently to tae left,
at the same time turning his head to
one side and listening intently. Then
he shut one eye and gave a low
whistle. There was a low answering
sigh from the bosom of the machine,
whereupon he grabbed the socwal
loper and gave it a violent blow with
the shooting stick, and she responded
with a low sibilant sound like a cat
pulling its foot out of a pie. He
then put the wrench on a couple Uf’i
innocent looking little bulbs and |
jerked his hand back quick. We
asked him what was the matter and
he said, ‘‘a bug on his back,” and
told us to try it and see. We did. |
It was a bug, too, a lightning bug, |
we take it, by the feeling. We could .
see Herb had struck a responsive |
chord by the way the thing began to |
breathe, and the look of confidence
in Herb’s eye was indicative of mo- |
tion. Our prognosis was correct— |
one more yank at the dingbat and |
she began to kapeet like a thing of |
life. Anyone can fix an engine by
just watching someone elge fix one, |
or by carefully following the above |
instructions.—Britt (Iowa) Tribune,
e ————————— |
Undeserved Honors, .
Two visitors at Nice, cutting short
their stay by dying, were committed
to the charge of the same under- |
taker. One was a lady from London,
the other a general high in command
in the Russian army. The bodies,
duly coffined, were despatched to
their destinations, one to London, |
the other to St, Petersburg. On the |
arrival of the former the bereaved |
relatives, opening the coffin, in order |
to obtain a last view of the lamented |
aunt, were amazed at the discovery |
of a general in full uniform, They
telegraphed to the undertaker at |
Nice, who, with many apologies for |
the mistake, sent them the name and !
nddresgs of the general's friends ‘n |
Bt. Petersburg. They communicated 2
full particulars without loss of time,
and received the following reply:
“Your aunt was buried to-day with
full military honors. Dispose of the
general as you see fit.”-—From Henry |
Luecy’'s Memories of Eight Parlia. |
ments,
Persecution, ‘
Persecution is not wrong because
it is eruvel, but cruel because ic is |
wrong.—Whately, l
e Aoty I
I Good Roads. ¥
L e i
Autos Damage Hard Roads. .
Tew would think that the soft
pneumatic tire of the whizzing auto
mobile could so shorten the life of
the macadam roads as to absorb the
attention of highway engineers of
every civilized country of the globe,
yet they are doing an incredible
amount of damage daily to rock sur
faced highways, and France has
called an international congress of
highway engineers at Paris on Oc
tober 11 to discuss this latest dwd
most startling road problem.
To understand how the broad, soft
rubber tires of the modern gasolene
propelled juggernaut kills the roads
which iron tired wagons improve one
must have at least an inkling of the
methods adopted by Treasuget, of
Limoges, and Macadam, of Ayrshire,
when the so-called modern first rock
surfaced highways were planned esd
put down. Macadam figured that
the constant passing of iron tired
wagons over a crushed stone highway
would grind dust particles frem the
stones; that those particles would fill
in all interstices, and that weitings
and rollings would not only give a
hard, smooth surface, but that the
highway would improve with the
passing of years,
For a century and a quarter the
- wisdom of the Scotch road builder
was justified. Every country tha.t'
lays claim to civilization adopted it,
and thousands of miles of road were
laid annually in France, Germany,
England, Holland and the United
States.
Then came the automobile, and a
few years after its arrival the road
overseers began to notice the deter
lioration of these highways. Broad
level ‘stretches became strewn with
’ surface stones, ruts became frequent
~and dust clouds were constantly set
‘ tling on the adjacent property. The
trouble was quickly traced wo the
~automobile.
~ These machines through the tract
ive and centrifugal force exerted by
} their rapidly turning wheels were
pulling the rock dust from the roads
i and swirling it away in blinding
x clouds. While every ironbound wagon
tire was doing its own small percent
age of rock crushing, dust making,
| road smoothing and rock tamping,
1; every rubber automobile tire was un
| doing that work by taking the dust
| away., i
| Treasuget and Macadam knew that
1 the effect of wagon trafiic would be
beneficial to rock surface roads, but
1 they never suspected that in future
| Years chugging machines, guided by
begoggled, speed mad enthusiasts,
would rush frantically across the face
of nature, or that the wheels of the
strange vehicles in which they jour
neyed would be bound by air stuffed
rubber, o
~The antidote lies ln»thqidisq&m%
of a method which will benefit botl
the road and the car. Study to over
come existing conditions by creating
better conditions is now going for
ward, and it is practically certain
that when the international congress
I meets there will be o solution of the
! road problem and the evil effects of
| the automobile will be turned to a
| benerit, y
| Director Page, of the office of pub
j lic roads of the United States Depart
| ment of Agriculture, who recently re~
{ ceived through the French Ambassa
| dor, M. Jusserand, an inyitation to
| attend the congress at Paris in the
| fall, was recently asked if the life of
. the highways was so seriously men-,
- aced as to justify a condemnation of
the motor car and to warrant an in
~ternational congress to discuss it.
“Nobody who has made a study of
the hard surface roads of this or any
other country would attempt to deny,
that the motor car is constantly short
ening the life of such thoroughfares,”
said the director, “but that is no rea
son for the condemnation of the au
tomobile. The arrival of this machine
has created a new and unlooked for
condition, That means that the new
condition must be studied and the
problems which have arisen must be
solved. It does not mean that be
cause the roads suffer through the
arrival of the motor car the motor
car shall pass in the interest of road
preservation.
“I regard the automobile as an im
portant factor in the upbuilding of
civilization, and it has come to stay.
It has created conditions demanding
the best thought of the highway engi
neers of the world. I see in the solu
tioh nothing short of ideal dustless
roads."—Washington Correspondence
of the New York Sun.
i T ;
Stricken From the List.
I think it was James Payn whe
told me the story of how he egcaped
performing his duty as a citizen. He
was bewailing his untoward fate in
some public place, when a most re
spectable man informed him that for
some small sum he would insure his
never being called upon again to
serve, James Payn gave what he
asked, and being consumed with curie
oßity to see how he would manage,
he repaired to the court whither he
had been summoned, and waited.
His name was called, and then a sad
figure in deep black arose from the
well of the court, bearing a spotless
handkerchief in his hand. The man
simply said, ““Dead, my lord!” The
judge uttered a few commonplace
condolences, the name was struck
off the list, and he was never again
called upon to act.—From ‘Leaveg
From My Life,”” Anonymous.
kiAo
Protein in Orchard Grass,
Orchard grass is richest in pro=
tein, being 4.9 to 100 pounds, almost
double that of timothy, o
