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“HAPPINESS NOT THE SUPREME END OF MARRIAGE,” Says Felix Adler, Who Fin—ds—in the Divorce Records a Sign That Americans Need a “New Doctrine of Marriage” and a Better Understanding of the Real Power of Women *“*What we need is a doctrine of marriage. At present there is no ad equate doctrine of marriage. One trouble with modern marriage is that the masculine element predominates in the ceremonial. Neither the hus band should obey the wife nor the wife the husband. They are equals. I do not deny that they are different in mind and temperament, but they contribute equally an indispensable influence on civilization, though in different ways.” ; This statement, issuing from Dr. Felix Adler, leader of the Society for Ethical Culture and author of many books, that we need a doctrine of marriage is certain to excite contro versy, and coming in the wake of the divorce report of the Census Bu reau of Washingten, is sure to cre ate widespread interest and attention. These are the figures: From 1887 to 1906, a period of twenty years, there have been 1,300,000 divorce suits brought in the United States. In the twenty preceding years, from 1867 to 1886, there were 320,000, or 1,000,000 lower. «This is an av erage increase of 50,000 divorces a year in the United States, Of these 1,300,000 suits for divorce mnearly 900,000 have heen granted, and a whole army of clerks and investiga tors has been employed by the Cen sus Bureau getting in order the com plete official report. One hundred and forty clerks are still employed by the department, and at times the Census Bureau has had three thou sand and more investigators and clerks working on this report. The divorce question is being’agi tated on all hands, and political econ omists consider it to be one of the most vital of all sociological prob lems, “A short time ago I saw an ac count in the papers,” Professor Adier continued; “‘in which a young woman in Chicago received her fifth divorce. She was only sixteen when she mar ried, and she soon was divorced, but she remarried her husband. The second marriage did not last very much longer than the first. She then took a second husband, but she soon became divorced from him to remarry her first husband. No sooner had she returned to him than she di vorced him again, and although she married a third husband the courts have just declared her free. “The popular way of explaining the difference between men and wom en is often misleading,. We say wom en have great intuition, but we deny ‘them great reasoning power. We say that men have the gift of sus tained and strenuous reasoning, but we deny them swift intuition.. ;. “We say that women observe the details of things better than men can but that they cannot apprehend uni versal truths of science and philos ophy as men can. We say women particularize; men generalize. We say women are all feeling, that they depend on their emotions and im pulses, whereas men act on cold, hard scientific principle. “It is not exact to make such dis tinctions, nor are they very satisfac ~tory. Women are intellectual as well as emotional. Some women in ihe past have shown themselves equal to the most difficult intellectual feats, and if there have not been greater fig ures among women in art and science ‘and philosophy it is perhaps only be cause they have not had the oppor tunities that men have had, and not because they are naturally incompe tent to rise as high as men. “Men also are capable of the finest and most delicate emotions. If they were not, how shall we etplain that the greatest interpreters of the emo tional life, the great poets, the great musicians, have been men? “This is what I consider to be the right relation between the man anad woman. This is what they should do for each other. The woman should rouse all the dormant intellectual en ergies, all of the inmost capabilities of the man, so that he can appreciate the needs of humanity and work for it. ““The woman by her spiritual in fluence over the man shall tend to develop in him that love of obedience which submits through love of what is right and not through fear. : ““‘She shall become his bride in mat ters of intellect and of morals, not by any formulated code, but by the things that she approves or disap proves. On the other hand, mwan should by his intellectual influence on woman widen and deepen and cause her to raise continually the standard by which she judges him. ‘‘People should not marry without a -thorough understanding of each other’s disposition and character. In fact, marriage should not be entered into without a thorough understand ing on the part of both the man and Wwoman as to what the institution sig nifies. There are spiritual meanings to marriage. The feelings need to be instructed by the far seeing mind. ““The old idea of marriage was in culcated and secured through two: fundamental principles — absolute submission to parents and the under standing that marrigae was to be per marent. Under present conditions these are no longer tenable in the old way, for the first was foundad on the sdea that the child had no rights cf its own except through itsoparents.} Its position was one of subservience, | of unquestioning obedience to the‘ parents, and as regards the perma nence of the marriage tie it was chiefly a hond that tied the woman to the man. ‘““Her position was one of subordi-: nation., To-day we admit that the child has rights which we are bound to respect and that the woman is the equal of the man. ‘““The place of woman is to human ize science. She s to set his tasks. She is to inspire him to express all that is best in his soul and mind. Women have always inspired great men to develop what was best in them. ‘“The one great flaw in modern marriage is that we are losing sight of the social significance of it, be canse we look at it as a matter of individual happiness. Love has to be reinterpreted. The popular con ception of love is that of a purely ro mantic passion. This is not real love, and when the first glamor has worn off, there is bound to be disillusion and discord. “Thedifferenceof real and romantic love is that, under the deceptive light of rcmance, the lover sees in the ob ject of his affections an exaggerated perfection which does not exist. ““Happinass is simply an incident in marriage and it cannot be made the supreme end without arriving at the intolerable position, that couples may part as soon as their happiness ceases. The great end of marriage is the perpetuation and development of the spiritual life of the race. ‘““The good us society demands that we counsider marriage a permanent bond. The individual's happiness is not of as much account as the wel fare of the race. I deny emphatically that happiness is the highest aim of marriage. ‘““Marriage is a natural tie, and to consider it apart from the perfecting and propagating of the race is ‘o mis understand it. I believe in separa tion, but never in divorce. ‘“People enter into the married stute nowadays with no other thought than that of their own private bliss, and leave the social side of the family to blind chance. ‘“T'he true purpose of marriage is the growth of character, of the feel ings, of the whole nature in the higher direction. “‘Plato believed that man and wo man represented each one-half of a 'soul distinct from the very begin ning to make a whole. Marriage is designed to harmonize whatever dif ference in temperament and taste there may be between a man and a woman. “No matter how accidentally they first met, with the help of the ethical ideal, a permanent union can be es tablished. It is very seldom that a man and a wife match each other so perfectly that they realize Plato’s dream. The vision of Tennyson, ‘She shall set herself to him, like perfect music unto noble words,” is seldom realized. “I do not deny that there are great disparities, profound incompatibili ties between husbands and wives, just like two persons whose gait is different when walking. One takes a long stride and the other a short stride; but I maintain that where there is a serious sense of duty, where the ethical ideal is strong, these disparitics can be eventually overcome. “Marriage should be permanent, for the sake of the children. Where husband and wife disagree they should make supreme efforts to come to an agreement for the sake of their children. ‘A child needs both its father and its mother. The greatest happiness in marriage comes to those who do not make happiness the supreme aim. “The best happiness is that which comes incidentally in the pursuit of growth and development. - “The best thing that husbands and wives can do for one another is to bring out the highest manhood and the highest womanhood each in the other, / “The sccial side of marriage and the individual side of it are not con tradictory of cach other. It must not be said the individual is sacrificed to a social end. The individual achieves his own highest good here as else+ where in serving the social good.”’— From the New Ycrk World. S —— The Reason, Wiggins (to his new neighbor's gon)—"Where did you live bhefora vou moved here?” Johnny—*‘Louisvillee. We moved there from Memphis, and before that we lived in Mohile.” “My! Your folks move around some, don't they?” “Yes. We're huntin’ for a place where pa’ll find it easier to work.”’ - Woman’s Home Companion. . For Methers, Don’t forget that you are, or ought to be, your children’s ideal of all that is perfection, and that it is your duty to live up to their ideals in every pos sible way. Not an easy tagk, but wonderfully inspiring, <« ';'“‘“‘{ Jis\AT imel );\ (&\\? W a‘b’oh\ 4 ~ - i;“r rye // 7 _‘\f\/ New York City.—The coat that 1s made in butterfly style, or with the sieeves that are cut in one with it, is peculiarly becoming to young girls, sand ¥ TR NEY kS S B ecw, % o A‘}"g—‘# 'C. [ 2 Le Rk I SO 3 *; ‘-‘;;’.‘ o E‘ ;—\‘ / { {,_fif 2 ;f.;""‘"{ R ) el i s Y . o 5\%‘”% S j/ AT Dfi:fi/ 8~ ) f" l" «:; \\\ \ I\ A SYA N\ AN i [ AN\ /et AL Syl | § ) 723 fi-‘fi i W PR T By & ”ffl\ \;P(: [ _;J.Sfl.):.h ik |||\ AN A‘FA\ L L ' while it is in the very height of pres ent styles. This one is shown in striped material and is, perhaps, es pecially effective when such material {s used, but it is quite correct for everything seasonable, the pongees ' <<(<3 - % ;> 7 W A\ AR A A\ L ' fi\\"& e FavE A R / 4.,\'\\,/ . ” “a‘“‘,‘.\\\\\ f@; %‘ p \%\" Jon ‘{/, |\ SR /,:‘ L n.’ NN/ 4‘!' }-‘ % i 7 R ‘\‘\ N\V ’ | /// |/i\ 1 /’ L ’7'! \ = | 1 \@\ . / J/l // -Q\(i f and silks that will be so extensively worn throughout the warm season, as well as for the wool suitings. The vest portions and the prettily shaped collar and cuffs allow of effective con trast and can be utilized in a variety of ways. In this instance plain cloth js braided with soutache and trimmed with bits of velvet, hut banding would be quite correct. The coat is made with fronts, backs, the under-arm portions and sleeves. The sleeves are arranged under the pleats and joined to the under-arm portions and finished with roll-over cuffs. The vest portions are stitched to the fronts and the collar finishes the neck. The quantity of material required for the sixteen year size is three and seven-eighth yards twenty-one, two and three-fourth yards twenty-seven, or one and seven-eighth yards forty four inches wide, with one-half yard fifty-two inches wide, or two and five eighth yards of banding two inches wide for vest, collar and cuffs. Shoulder Seam Important, The new shirtwaist is distinetis> on account of the width of the shoulders. Do not imagine for onse moment that this effect may be ob tained by cutting the shoulder seam extra long—-that is to say, by runnlng‘ it down on the arm. It can’t. The‘ proper width must he given by the correct line of the shoulder seam, otherwise the sleeve can not be prop erly put in and will droop in an ugly way over the arm, giving an ill-fit ting, thoroughly home-made appear ance to the shirtwaist. Bead Bags in Fashion. & That bead bags keep in fashion is not to be wondered at since the flow er dress-borders upon skirts as well as other skirt trimmings in embossed rows give to the bead bag, in its soft 1y blended variety of colors, its vea son for hanging from the belt or be ing carried gracefully. Both bag and bead-trimmed skirts are re vivals of old days. Tucked Shirt Waist. The waist that is trimmed with buttons is one of the novelties of the season and is exceedingly effective. This one is tucked in a way to be so treated with exceptional success and is exceedingly chic and smart, while it is absolutely simple. In the illus tration white linen is trimmed with pearl buttons, but colored linens and white materials striped with color both are being extensively used this season, and the cotton voiles are much liked for shirt waists. Again, if button trimming is not liked, discs could be embroidered either with the same on contrasting color and give an exceedingly smart and altogether up-to-date effect with very little labor, the simple shirt waist that is treated in this way being one of the notable features of the present season. The waist is made with fronts and back, It is tucked to give exceedingly becoming lines to the figi;(zvuxld is finished with a neck-band and with a separate turn-over collar, hut if liked a regulation stock can be worn in place of the latter. There are the usual shirt sleeves that are finished with over laps and straight cuffs. The quantity of material required for the medium size is three and one half yards twenty-one or twenty-four, three and three-eighth yards thirty oy =7 i) C ; > U Z e 9, “? 4 /f'(u’.a F b 4 N ( '\ ) { /“ i '. =-\ f W e " w} - ‘ ,"°,'/’,:' /9 a 1 o " Gol [ e el J A | A ’ e [ .“ Gt il =l\ 717 I ) T | VO i\ ] / “;/ o '_"._\g | ‘ i,' / W e | OL7 y / WA g N ’ ' / \"‘ | / Wyl | i/ /) 1 94 | h - '///- | 7 /l / /// /: ; N two, or two yards forty-four inches wide, - ' The Engineer. By C. W. BAKER. !(Adt}ress to the Engineering Gradu ( ates of Vermont.) { Itis held in certain circles, T know, [that the old-time culture studies— l3o called—have some magic influence l‘in upbuilding character—prodnucing [men. It is tacitly assumed that your ‘schools of engineering anl chemistry and technology have no such high ]aim. It is a common argument that ifixese schools of engineering and the ‘lndustrial arts must be maintained in order to produce the trained men [necessary for foremen and superin | tendents and managers. ! All this is true enough; but is it | the whole truth? Are the engineer |ing colleges and the technical schools ] training students solely for the bene [ fit of milis and factories and mines land railways? llf this be so, then | Your engineering school stands on a (level with the blast furnace and the Icotton factory. It is just one wheel in the huge industrial machine. 'There is no more reason for adding | the graces of architecture to the i buildings that house it than there is | for decorating a sawmill, | I stand here to make emphatic de | nial of such a doctrine. Our techni -Ical schools are not built merely {o | furnish brains for the operation of irallways and factories. It is just as important that the graduates of l our technical schools be men of char | acter, fit for social, economic and political leadership, as it is that they be expert in their profession. Our universities have won thelpr | well-deserved laurels, not by training | engineers, or chemists, or even schol ars, not even by training preachers or teachers, doctors or lawyers, but | by training men. . | Our university and all universities | deserve honor and support—not be cause they are a necessary wheel in modern commerce and industry-—not | because of their instruction in science and letters—-—but because we look to them more than to any other institution to train the men on whom the future of the nation depends. If thus permitted I would discuss with you the claim, to which I have alluded, that the so-called liberal education of the past was better fit ted to upbuild character—to nurture a high type of manhood—than the modern education in science and the arts. This I can tell you, that the leaders in engineering education are fully alive to the need that their |institutlons shall send out men as i well as engineers., This I can teli you, too: That while no inteélligent man can doubt the value of the so called culture studies, they are being pursued by many youths to-day with no resultant effect. You younger men may some day be more thankful than you are now that in the engineering schools the gospel of hard work has always obtained. If the rigid requirements of the engi neering schools have driven the gild | ed youths to seek the easier courses of the arts department, that, I take it, is another reascn why we may look for high standards of life and conduct among the engineers now i coming on the stage. | Still again, say what you will of l the engineering course or any other courses of study, I can testify from la wide acquaintance among engi | neers of the United States, extending | over more than a score of years; I | say to you that I know of no set | of men who possess in greater degree | the qualities of breadth of outlook, ‘ high sense of honor, fidelity to duty and loyalty to principle than the ’members of the engineering proses. ‘ sion. e ——————————— "o | The Illegible Three Words. | Representative Cushman, of Wash ' Ington, came to Speaker Cannon with a letter written by the Speaker him l self. [ “Mr, Speaker,” he said, I got this | letter from vou vesterday and I | couldn’t read it. After I studied it ' quite a spell I showed it to twenty or [ thirty of the fellows in the House, | and between us we have spelled out i all the words except those last three. | We can’t make them out. I want to ' know if you won’t translate those last | three words?” | Uncle Joe took the letter and stud | ied it. ‘1 “Those last three words that stuck | You and everybody else,” he said, | “are ‘Personal and Confidential,’ ’'— | Chicago Evening Post. 1 A Difference in Nations, ‘ The difference between two great | nations can bhe illustrated by the co -1 incidence that at this moment both | France and England are engaged in | discussing the memorizal of a literary | man. France is considering the cela | bration of the late Zola, Ingland is considering that of the recently de | funct Shakespeare.—@G. K. Chester. | ton, in the Illustrated London News. | A L j Appreciation of Genius., ! It was a genius who said: “Only genius can recognize genius.” The | muititude, or generality of “lookers i on” may enjoy, admire, appraise or | applaud-—but only the few initiated ! can truly appreciate the worth of a | great artistic production. For it is | one thing to enjoy, another to appre | ciate a work of art, whether his § trionie, pictorial, musical or literary, ' Breaking It Gently, i “Pardon me, sir,” began the portly | berson in the railroad train to theo { man who gat next to him, “but what would you say if I sat on your hat?” "“Suppose you sit on it and then | ask me,” suggested the other. i “I did,” admitted the portly person i calmly.—Harper's Weekly, ONBOP UARSY PR S PA NN FUSC g@'iam: R oo A new theory by the British Medi~ cal Journal is that persons resem bling each other suffer from the same diseases. | A new wire of special advantage to ~electrical industries is obtained by a Parisian metallurgist through a per “fected process of welding copper to steel wire. Great conductivity is combined with tenstile strength and [ elasticity, giving a wire stronger than copper and smaller and less exposed to wind action than iron or steel of ‘ the same capacity. It the sun were blue there would be only two colors in the world, blue and black; or if it were red every thing would be red or black. In the latter case there would be red snow, ‘ red lilies, black grass, a black clear sky and red clouds. There would be a little variety, however, if the sun were green. Things that are now vellow ‘would still remain that color, but there would be no reds, purples, orange or pinks and very few of those cheery hues that make the world bright and pleasant. Besides color the temperature of this earth would be very much changed. The Brazilian Minister of Marine has interested himself in the subject of illuminated acetylene buoys for use on the coast. The type of buoys is that lighted by acetylene which will burn continuously for six months. The largest of the buoys-is situated at the mouth of the Amazon and weighs complete about twenty tons. The use of twenty-five lights of this character and varying in size is con templated at different points along the ocean ccast. A wave motor in operaticn on the coast north of Santa Cruz, Cal., was invented by E. J. Armstrong. Two wells, open to the ocean at the bot tom, are sunk in the cliff to below low water mark. In one, a counter balanced float, rising and falling with the waves, operates a force pump plunger in the cther well, which is capable cf driving a four inch stream to the 5000 gallon tank standing 125 feet above. In ordinary weather the pump fills the tank in an hour, in stormy weather, in thirty-five min utes, The London Evening News de scribes a torpedo invented by Grin dell Mathews which the inventor says can be controlled absolutely up to a distance of seven and one-quarcer miles, and which can be exploded by concussion or at any moment desired by means of the wireless telegraph system? No connection to guide the instrument is necessary betwesn it and the torpedo boat from which it is discharged. The inventor also as serts that he has discovered an elec trical wave which cannot be inter tered with, ' 2 e ———————————————————— 2 MALARIA THEORY OF HISTORY. Medical Critic Has New Reason For Downfall of Greece and Rome. W. H. 8. Jones has advanced 2 new ! theory as to the cause of the decay of ancient Rome and Greece. He as signs it to the spread of malaria and gives some interesting evidence. Prac tically the first occurrence of the ]Greek word for malaria is in “The ' Wasps' of Aristophanes in 422 B, O and it happens that three years be< fore that the Athenians had been en gaged in military operations on the Island of Sphacteria, now one of the most malarial spots in the Mediter ! ranean, The Peloponnesian War goon after ward led to great tracis of land going out of cultivation, which would give the malaria bearing mosquito ample breeding grounds, When the word for malaria became common the woird for melancholia (black bile) began to appear. By the descriptions of the Greek medical writers the melancho lia of the Greeks resembles the men tal effects of malarial fever. Accord ing to Hippocrates (fifth and fourth centuries) it occurg especially in au tumn-—the malarial season-—and ac cording to Galen it causes enlarged spleen, which is a feature of malaria, These and other evidences lead Mr. Jones to the belief that malaria be came prevalent in Greece in the fourth century B. C., and that the ! change which gradually came over ’ the Greek character from 400 80, onward was one which would ceriain l Iy have been zided and was in all | probability at least partially caused lhy the same disease. The Greeks ' commenced then to lose much of their | intellectual vigor and manly strengtn. Home life took precedence of city life. Patriotism decayed and lofty aspirations almost ceased to stir the hearts of men. Dissatisfaction and querulousness are marked characier istics of that age.—London Corres spondent of the New York Sun. —_-’_—_'——-——-——~ Wherein Success Lies, He has achieved success, deciares Mrs. A. 8. Stanley, who has lived well, laughed often and loved much; who has gained the respect of intelligent men and the love of little children; who has filled his niche and accoms plished his task; who has left the world better than he found it, wheth er by an improved poppy, a perfect poem, or a rescued soul; who has never lacked appreciation of earth’s beauty, or failed to express it; who has always yaoked for the best in oth erg, and given the best he had; whose life was an inspiration; whose mem ory a benediction,