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hasa o L ¥ lod T Npad3p . o - Hard Time _enefiis RTINS Return of Habits of Thrift, Prudence, Econs omy and Sobriety Results of 1907 Panic. L S B et o 1 A B By Alexander D. Noyes. &4 T is no less true of a nation than of an individual, that a show of enormous prosperity, based on extended debt ana achieved though living beyond its means, paralyzes the real constructive and progressive energy with which its fortune was originally established. We shall in due time be paying ;.QQ“Q(“ more attention to the fact that the astonishing rice of indus trial America in international power and prestige, during m.““i the prosperous decade since 1897, its “invasion” of foreign markets, its intrusion on the scene as a new force in the world’'s productive industiy, resulted largely from the saving of capital, the search after economies in production, and the application of cost-reducing in vention, which were forced on the busziness community by the hard times atter 1893, The resources, developed with so extraordinary success by those methods of a dozen years ago, we still possess, and they are not less certain a factor in the future of industrial America than they were in 1896 or in 1901, Eco nomic history is unfailing in one of its specific teachings; namely, that after each succesgive crisis of the sort, American finance and industry have in due time rigen to far greater heghts of genuine power and prestige than in the pre ceding cycle of prosperity. As for the further outcome, in the return of hab its of thrift, prudence, economy and sobriety, to the American people In their private life, this will be the quickest and surest of all results. Nobody who has studied our social history during the last half dozen years will doubt that the change was neded.—The Century, o w - w FIU st ons How ...w-.uc,g $ The Galveston Scheme & - . 8 Works R By H. J. Cocper. N Ay 0990960009090 L& in Galveston do think, however, that we have pretty nearly QOOOOOOBOOO (v the most difficult problem of civic administration. § After six years’ trial of it there is very little that we would want changed in the charter, and we have re-elected the . whole board of commissioners three times. There is 1o pol itics in it—and the remnants of the old board of aldermen :““00“9 and the “bad” element following them—and yearning for the QOOOOOOOOO9 | (ays of misrule and gratt—have tried very hard to in- Ject politics into it. It is a plain business government, on & plain, everyday, common-sense, business, human plan; it has nothing sec tional, racial, or geographical in it that will limit it; it is practical for every American city, even the very largest ones, for size has nothing to do with its principles, Election at large of a commissioner for each department or group of de partments--never less than four nor nec dfulyy more than seven, A sharp definition of the departments, An equally sharp definition of the powers and responsibilities of each and every head of department. A president--also elected at large—not having charge of any department and who has a vote but no veto, No “executive” sessions, No “standing” comwittees nor any “committees” in the usual aldermanic sense, That is all. As Kipling says, “Think of the gorgeous simplicity of it!"— Success, W o W - - : e g 708 - * 2 Martian Life iz RBS i A S R Conditions Make for Creatures of an Advanced Order of Intellect. . . . . N R e e ———— By Percival Lowell. vttt s elrmamprparnning = HATEVER its actual age, any life now existent on Mars must ! must be in the land stage of its development, on the whole a | w much higher one than the marvine. But, more than this, it I | should probanly have gone much further if it exist at all, e for in its evolving of terra firma, Mars has far outstripped ' ' the earth, Mars's surface is now all land. I4s form of life ; must be not only terrestrial as against aquatic, but even as opposed to terraqueous ones. They must have reached not simply the stage of land dwelling where the possibilities are greater for those able to embrace them, but that further point of pinching poverty where brain is needed to survive at all. The struggle for existence in their planet's decrepitude and decay would tend to evolve intelligence to cope with circumstunces growing momentarily more and more adverse, But, furthermore, the solidarity that vhe conditions prescrihed would conduce to a breadth of understanding suflicient to utilize it. Intercommunication over the whole globe is made not only possible, but obli gotory, This would lead to the easier spreading over it of some dominant creature—especially were this being of an advanced order of inteliect—able to rise above its bodily limitations to amelioration of the conditions through ox ercise of mind. What absence of seas would thus entail, absence of moan tains would further. These two ohstacles to distribution remaoved, life there would tend the quicker to reach a highly organized stage. Thus Martian con ditions themselves make for intelligence.—From The Century, e - o - AP v s o N g . Educati : e ucation .. e K iritu ifti or Spiritual Uplifting & — By Jt. Clair McKelway, Dice-Chancellor of the University of the State of New York. eafipre HE state establicshed normal schools and normal colleges against the contention that “to teach teachers to teach l would be as absurd as it would Le to teach mothers to nurse or children to play.” Well, teachers are now taught to = teach, and until they have shown their capacity both by ' knowledge and practice to do so they are not allowed to { - teach in the schools of, the state, Mothers continue to ——— NUrse, but many mothers of the overworked poor are now intelligently taught how to bring up their cbildren amid cleaner and sweeler surroundings than used to prevail, and their children are even tenderly cared for amid clean and sweet surroundings, while the mothers are at hard work in congested city centres. The children of the slums are gathered in kindergartens or in playgrounds. They are even tenderly taught how to play instead of leaving the instinct for play to be out-worked amid con ditions of confusion and of dirt and of barbarism which combine te make for sin. The state is bound to complete and perfect what it begins for the moral and spiritual law in pursuance of which the state consciously or unconscious- Iy acts; is bound imperceptibly, invisibly, and irresistibly to have its way in the heart of things and in the hearts of men. Jn this is not the socialism that levels down. In this is the spiritual regnancy which levels up. 0 =7 L\'/.’;—e.?-r..zl v eet =9 F: _/,(Q’ LTSt X< A N of§ LT EBl O A S o > XY g % QG ; Pigs of Large Frame. S Grow the pigs with large frams. This requires bone and muscle m ing feeds—alfalfa pasture, f clean drinking water and just a little corn. On this diet the pig will have strong bone and large frame and be in the very best condition for taking on fat quickly and cheaply when vou are ready to give him a fattening ration.—Farmers’ Home Journal. For Most Profit, : Cut out all the intermediates you can, and sell your product direct to the consumer, if possible. The scale of profitable disposition of dairy pro ducts is as follows, beginning with the least profitable: “ Home-made butter, with skim milk fed on farm. Whole milk sold to condensery. Whole milk sold to creamery. The use of hand separa tor, with cream collected by cream ery, and fresh, warm skimmilk fed on the farm. Milk and eream shipped for city consumption. The retail milk route, selling the milk direct to consumers.—H. A. Bere man, in the American Cultivator, Demand Yor Good Horses, Farmers must take to breeding good horses. Such are not only needed on the farms, but it is as easy to raise a good horse which will sell at a long price as it is to raise a serub for which there is no market, 'lsbe demand for heavy horses was never betier than at present, and it is likely to increase rather than to decrease. The population is centralizing in large. cities. These naturally become the great distributing centres, and with increase in distribution comes in crease in the demand for heavy dray | horses so extensively used in such dis- ; tribution. This means, therefore, that the breeding of such horses is an entirely safe venture on the part of those who will take it up on intelli gent lines. Those who engage in it need not be harassed by fear that they are putting their money into a plant that will soon become useless because of depreciation in the price of horses. The great mistake in rearing horses for dray uses lies in the fact that they are too lacking in weight. Any number of horses can be bred which weigh between 1300 and 1400 pounds. The number is not large that weigh more than 1500 pounds, and yet it is the latter class that is most wanted.—Farmer's Ad vocate. it £ ge "; Fertilizer For Corn. As I am_a reader of your valuable baper and seeing an item of great importance to the farmer in regard to fertilizing of corn, will say, on ac count of not getting a stand of .lo ver two years ago I purchased an_ ‘ atm@mm%.:tqp ‘my planter for thfl purpose of using commercial ferti lizer and applied in the hill about eighty-five pounds to the acre, and 50 well pleased with the result that I will try it again this season. My farm is of a clay timber land and considered rather poor land. I have been raising from forty to fifty bush els per acre for the past six years on clover sod, but last year with the addition of fertilizer I raised better than sixty bushels per acre of good corn. Now there is a difference in the quality of fertilizer, I prefer the best, as it is the cheapest in the end. | Of course, it costs more per ton, but‘ we get less ground stone in the bet-‘ ter quality. Some will tell you if‘ you commence using it you have\,toi keep it up. Now that is all bosh.‘ Of course, a farmer should raise clo ver by all means. Clover seed will never be so high but what it will pay to sow it. T paid $25 per ton for my fertilizer.—W, H. Wilson, in the Indiana Farmer. How to Test the Acidity of Soils. Supposed correetive treatments are often given to soils supposed to be acid, when as a matter of fact an opposite treatment may be re quired. A recipe given by the De partment of Agriculture for deter mining soil acidity is as follows. Boil for a half hour a sample of the soil to be tested in.a small quan tity of water, say a quart. Allow it to settle, and when perfectly clear, pour off the water into a white dish and test it with both blue and red litmus paper. These papers can be procured from any drug store for a few cents. If the soil is acid, the blue litmus paper will turn red. If it is alkaline, the red litmus paper will turn blue. Ten minutes should be allowed in the water fofthe lit~ mus paper to change color. If at the: end of that time there is no change, then the soil is neutral— neither acid nor alkaline, It should be understood that such 2 test as this is not a determination of whether or not a soil needs lime. The question of liming of soil is still a mooted subject. Much evidence has been presented to prove that lim ing of soil has been most beneficial when the soil was in no sense : .ur. If, however, the soil dees show strong acidity by the litmus or other posi tive tests, it is safe to say that liming will be beneficial. : Saccharine Feeds the Latest, The history of the manufactured a2l dalanced saccharine feed is a shost one. The man whe left the farm ten years ago and plunged into other lines, forgetting his former oe cupation, smiles with incredulity vhen he picks up a farm nr feed Journal and sees “Molasses ®eods™ advertised and dQiscussed. Put the up-to-date farmer, cairyman and feeder already understand the value of molasses or saccharine feeds. The {overwhelming demand for such feeds prove this. But the very fact that this demand is so great has produced conditions in the manufacture of saccharine feeds of which feeders should be in formed and of which they should make a note.- Demand will induce a supply of gome kind, and where the demand in creases rapidly, the supply is very liable to be inferior to what it would be were the demand limited to sell strietly on superior merit, This rapidly growing demand for saccharine feeds has induced scores of manufacturers to place such feeds on the market under various names, and with almost as varions ingre dients. Analyses of many of these feeds reveal the fact that they con tain a large amount of indigestible matter that is not even legitimate or healthy roughage; in fact, much of it is absolutely injurious to the stock. Oat hulls, rice hulls, weed seeds and other matter of neutral or harmful character have been found in large proportions by the experimental de partments of animal industry in the various States.—Epitomist, Money in Horses. Nor were the Morgan horses the only noted horses in New England. The farmers of Maine were sufficient 1y adventurous and enterprising to secure in earliest times a son of the renowned imported Messenger, who ‘elevated the horse stock of the State 'to a higher level, and left his mark ‘that is clearly in evidence to-day, al though sadly lowered by indifference and neglect. General Knox was an .other New England horse that left ‘his mark and made a fortune for his owner; the first horse in the country for which the then fabulous amount of $25,000 was offered and refused. ;Since his time $125,000 has been ‘paid for a single horse by a resident of New England to a more enter prising farmer and breeder in a West ‘ern State. A few years back the sale cata logues of an auction firm announ:ing a sale of valuable blooded stock, con tained a map showing Boston as a central point, and including the country within a radius of five hun dred miles. From their many pre vious sales and tabulations they learned, and so published in this cata logue, that seventy-five per cent. of all the fine horses bought, and the long prices paid for them—the kind that sold for one, two, five, ten and fifty thousand and upwards — were ‘bought and paid for by residents within the territory shown. And vet ?!thatlus great market at their very loors it is unnecessary to ask how much all this profited the New Eng land farmer. And yet we are told by them that horses cannot be profit ably raised in New England. Save the mark!—American Cultivator. k Peaci. Rot. The peach or plum rot has done a great deal of damage to the fruit c¢rop in Oklahoma., In the summer of 1906 it was very bad on the en tire crop. In the summer of 1907 it did a great deal of damage to the early peaches and plums but was not 80 noticeable on fruit ripening later in the season. This disease is wide spread and very well known. It is known by several names as: ripe rot of stone fruits, brown rot of peach and plum, fruit rot, and twig blight. The disease attacks the twigs early in the growing season and~ causes them to turn dark and shrivel. The leaves also turn dark and wilt. Later in the season, the fungus attacks the fruit. The twigs have not suffered to any considerable extent in Okla homa from the presence of this dis ease. It appears shortly before the fruit is ripe and attacks the fruit ‘at this time. The spores of the dis ease find lodgment on the surface ‘and during moist, warm weather the ‘spores germinate rapidly and the fun gus then makes its entrance into the fruit and develops rapidly. Soon after the fungus makes its entrance into the fruit small, brown circular spots appear on the surface. These brown spots go deep into the flesh of the fruit and spread very rapidly over the surface. If the weather is [favorable, the entire fruit will be discolored in one or two days, the skin ruptured by many small pim ples that throw out large quantities of an ashy gray of dove-colored pow der that entirely covers the surface. This powder is the spores of the dis ease and is easily spread by the wind to neighboring fruit, and there finds lodgment and in a very few days repeats the entire process of destruec tion. Warm weather is especially favorable to the development of the disease and the early soft-fleshed va rieties that mature and ripen during moist warm weather are especially subject to the attacks and are some times very difficult to protect from the disease. Spraying the trees with Bordeaux mixture has been found in severai States to be entirely effective in pro tecting the plants from the disease. The trees that have been attacked by the disease should be spraved before the growth starts in the spring. All the old mummied and rotted fruit that is on the ground under the trees should be gathered and burned.— Oklahoma Agricuitural Esperiment Press Bulletin IN THE HOUSE. July 14, After a long discussion, the house passed a substitute to a bill previous ly introduced by Mr. Shaw of Clay county, which demands an immediate investigation of the charges which have been recently made against the state prison commissgion, its officers, employes, agents, the lessees of con victs, the conduct of wardens, and in fact an investigation of all matters pertaining to the handling by the com mission of the state’s convicts, The resolution calls for the appoint ment of a committee of five, of which number three are to be named by the speaker of the house from the mem bers of the house, and two are to be named by the president of the senate frem the members of the senate, The paper will be immediately sent to the senate for action, as it is of joint char acter and must be sanctioned by the higher body. Under the terms of the substitute adoptled, the committee ©f five can he gin its work at once, but has leave, if desired, to sit in vacation. It has the right to summon before it all wit nesses desired, and to punish them for contempt as'in courts of law. The substitute passed by the over whelming vote of 141 to 15. July 15, The house of representatives, after a spirited debate Wednesday morning, refused to indefinitely postpone the anti-pass bill of Senator Born of the Thirty-fourth district by the decisive vote of 93 to 58, and the considera tion of the bill will be resumed in its regular order. A motion to reconsider the pension bill, which had been defeated, was carried, A resolution calling on Governor Smith to furnish legislature his rea sons for dismissing Joseph M. Brown was laid over one day. . g July 16. Objection to leasing the convicts of the state developed on all sides Thursday when the Holder convict measure was offered to the house. A decided tendency, if to lease at all, to limit to one year the lease and by | that means throw the question, for: final settlement upon the next admin istration with its new legislature pre vailed, | Only two speeches were made dur ing the session. The first was by Mr. Holder of Jackson, the author of the measure, and the second by Mr. Cov ington of Colquitt, who had the floor when the house adjourned. | July 17, j Almost the entire time of the house of representatives was occupied Fri-| day morning in a continuation of the diseussion of the question of the dis-! position of the state’s convicts, Mr.| Covington finished his address, which | was begun Thursday. Mr. Jones oi‘i Alexander, Mr. Fullbright of Burke,! Mr. Boyd of Spalding, Mr. Wright of | Floyd and Mr. Holder of Jackson ex pressed their views in regards to the convict leasing system. ot The house c’oncurre«ii‘in :{he Senati | resolution calling for investigation of t,?iéolééfl’vidf ‘léafé»'é!fif’c%!fi’-‘ ele i P R T e The house was in session but thir-| ty minutes, during time the following bills were passed: by Mr. Odum of Baker, to create board of county com mission, to repeal act creating the board of county commissioners; by{ Mr, Flanders of Johnson, to create board of roads and revenues; by Mr. Haywood of McDuffie, to create a board of roads and revenues; by Mr.' Strickland of Pike, to incorporate the town of Williamson; by Mr. Simmons of Gilmer, to create new charter for Ellijay; by Mr. Peterson of Montgom ery, to incorporate town of Orland; by Mr. Simmons of Gilmer, to repeal act incorporating town of Ellijay; by Mr. Trent of fleard, to repeal act granting new charter for Franklin; by Mr. Alexander of DeKalb, to au thorize bond issue for Decatur; by Mr. Trent of Heard, to create new charter for Franklin; by Messrs. Candler and Alexander of DeKalb, to authorize mayor and council to issue bonds; by Mr. Burwell of Han cock, to repeal act incorporating Cul verton; by Mr. Berry of Union, to incorporate town of Blairsville; by Messrs. Brown and Watkins of Car roll, to create office of commissioner of roads and revenues; by Mr. Cal beck of Gordon, to authorize town of Calhoun to deed certain lands; by Blackburn and Bell of Fulton, to amend charter for East Point; by Mr, Ballard of Newton, to establish public school for Mansfield; by Mr. Peterson of Montgomery, to create a new charter for Glenwood; by Mr. Swilling of Franklin, to authorize pub lic school system for Lavonia; by Messrs. Nix and Wilson of Gwinnett, to amend charter of Norcross; by Mr. Mays of Butts, to create new charter for Jackson; by Mr, Boyd of Spald ing, to authorize Grifin to lay out certain streets, ‘ July 20. They heard a message from Gov ernor Hoke Smith read in which the governor gave his reason for dismiss ing Joseph M. Brown. It was referr ed to the judiciary committee. | Under a special order the house took up the bill by Mr, Dunbar of Richmond providing for the valida tion of certain county and municipal bonds, concurred in the senate amendments and passed the bill, The house then went into a com mittee of the whole house and Mr. Wright of Floyd took the floor and | spoke favoring the Alexander substi tute to the convict lease bill, i Wool growers of Colquitt, Irwin, Worth and Tift counties and of West Florida met in Tifton to sell their wool clip for 1908, and were met there by buyers representing leading export firms of the state. The crop this vear is larger than it was last, something over 20,000 pounds being sold against about 18,000 from the same growers a year ago. In addi tion to this there will be shipments from Brookfield and Ty Ty, Ga., and from Bristol, Fla, on the sales made there, t [ IN THE SENATE. ‘ July 14, . A motion to investigate the news 'paper charges of misconduct and graft in the convict lease system was adopt ‘ed by the senate Tuesday after a heat 'ed debate. The house bill appropriating $15,000 to the University of Georgia was pass ‘ed by a vote of 25 to 8. Senator Knight gave notice that he would move a reconsideration. The house bill introduced by Mr. | Tift, of Dougherty, to require rail ‘roads of the state to equip locomo tives with electric headlights caused 'considerable discussion, A commititee on this bill had reported favoring the passage of this bill, This report was disagreed to by a vote of 19 to 11. As first business of Tuesday’s ses !sion the house passed the following .local bills: | By Mr. Massengale of Warren—to extend the city court of Warrenton. By Mr. Donaldson of Decatur—To ex tend the time for beginning work on the Georgia Southwestern and Gulf railroad. By Mr. Sumner of Turner— 'To amend act creating city court of Ashburn, | July 15, | President Flynt was again in the chair Wednesday morning, after an adsence of several days on account of the illness of his father, whose con dition he reported as still critical. Senator Hay's senate bill (by re quest) providing that “power plants furnishing light or heat to the public shall have power to use water for con densing purposes from any near by stream, provided that 75 per cent of the same shall be returned to the stream at the same place from which it was taken,” was made the special order of the day. - In speaking in opposition to the bill Senators Overstreet and Henderson charged that considerable lobbying ‘had been done for the bill, - Senator Williford and Senator Boyd ‘also spoke at some length in opposi tion to the bill. The bill was lost by a vote of 21 to 6. A Dbill for the regulation of the con duct of telegraph operators and train ‘dispatchers of common carriers and for other purposes, was passed with-_ out opposition. A bill for the provision of an aux iliary militia, composed only on veter ans of the Spanish-American war and such men as had served a full enlist ment in the national guard, which would provide a proper guard for the property and lives of the state at such times as the regular national guard should be called out of Georgia by the president of the United States was passed without opposition. July 16. At the sesion of the senate Thurs day appropriation bills giving the University of Georgia SIO,OOO for the remodeling of old college at Athens and $5,000 for the equipping of the Carnegie library at the Georgia School of Technology were passed. During the debate over the appro priation bill for Carnegie library, Senator Wilkes of the Second district made many - sensational statements voncerning Andrew Carnegie. The Shaw resolution, calling for the appointmedt of two members of the senate to act with the three members of the house on the investigation of the convict lease system, was passed with but one dissenting vote. July 17, Friday's session of the senate was uneventful and quiet, The Shaw resolution on the investi gation of the convict lease system, which was adopted Thursday, was reconsidered and laid on the table and the Felder resolution on the same subject was adopted. This course was taken because the house had had already adopted the Felder reso lution, The following bills were passed: By Senator Lashley—To prevent the taking of fish from Brass Town creek in Towns county. By Senator Wilkes —To incorporate the town of King wood, in the county of Colquitt. House bill by Mr. Mercer of Terrell—To provide for relief from the state tax on our dispensaries in Terrell county in 1907. July 18. There was no session of the senate Saturday, that body having adjourned Friday until Monday. July 20, The senate heard the reading of the governor’s special message with out comment, It was referred to the judiciary committee, . President Flynt announced his ap pointments from the senate for the investigation of the convict lease sys tem and the state prison commission under the Felder resolutions as fol lows: Senator Felder of the Twenty-sec ond district, Senator Brock of the Fourth, Senator Hayes of the Thir teenth, : Stung Again. Even an onion kiss in Texas is bet ter than a winter-green chewing gum kiss in Marvelous Manhattan.—Hous ton Post. At the conclusion of Mr. Wright's address Mr. Barrett of Stephens pre sented a substitute to the bill, Mr. Hall of Bibb speaking on the. Barrett substitute had the floor when the house adjourned, The following bills were passed by unanimous consert: By Mr., Thurman of Walker—A bill to create the coun ty court of Walker county. By Mr. Flanders of Johnson—A bill to create the city court of Wrightsville. The following postmasters have been appointed for Georgia towns : Agate, Floyd county, H. L. Montgom ery, vice W. T. Montgomery, dead; Indianola, Lowndes county, Cowper I. Shelton, vice C. L. Shelton, Jr., re signed; Martinez, Richhmond county, Jesse W, Clark, vice J. B. Morton, re signed; Mullis, Laurens county, Ar thur W. Mullis, vice Hiram Mullis, re signed; Tivola, Houston county, Jo geph Palmer, vice John F, Logan, re signed; Ingleside, DeKalb county, Henry Lee, vice A. K. Jones, resigned,