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o * » v }:" - Ruined By Iron \‘% iz’ A I SR R s é. By James ]. Hill Railroad Magnate. é 3“0““00 UR available iron deposits have heen carefully catalogued. All the fields of national importance have been known for at § least twenty years, Within that time their boundaries and probable capacity have been estimated, and the whole coun i try has been prospected for this king of minerals. The most remarkable computation of secientific authority af firms that existing production cannot be maintained for .i fifty years, assunming that all the available iron ore known to us is mined. In fact, the limitation is likely to be less than that period. By every possible means we are stimulating consumption, especially by a tariff that places a bounty on the exhaustion of the home supply of both coal and fron, thus prohibiting recoursge to outside supplies and compelling the exhaustion of our own reserve, In the year 1950, as far as our own re sources are concerned, we shall be approaching an ironless age. For a pop ulation of 200,000,000 people, our home supply of iron will have retreated al most to the company of the precious metals, There is no substitute whose production and preparation for practical use is not far more expensive, Not merely our manufacturing industries, but our whole complex industrial life, so intimately bullt upon cheap iron and coal, feel the strain and must suffer realignment. The peril is not one of remote geologic time, but of this generation. And where is there a sign of prepara tion for 1t? Where, amidst our statistical arrays and the flourish of trum pets with which the rise-of our manufactuhed product is always announced, do we bear go much as a whisper of care about the needs of the time march ing ®o swiftly upon us? Instead of apprehension and diligent forethought for the future, the nation is engaged in policies of detall and opportunism. If any man thinks this prophecy of danger fantastic, let him glance at Gireat Britain. That nation was not so extravagant as we, because it did not compel the instant exhaustion of its resources by a tariff prohibiting such imports, and because its surplus population could and did scatter over the globe. But it has concentrated effort upon the secondary form of industry— manufacturing—at the sacrifice of the primary-—the tillage of the soil. Its iron supply is now nearly exhausted. It must import muech of the crude ma terial, or ciose its furnaces and mills. Its coal is being drawn from the deeper levels. The added cost pinches the market and makes trade smaller both iu volume and in profits. The process of constriction has only begun. None are advertising it, only # few understand it. But already there is the cry of want and suffering from every street in England. And this is only the peginning of that in dugtrial readjustment which the unwise application of industry and the de struction of natural resources must force everywhere, Financial Suicide Number Has Grown With Surprising Ra pidity in Last Two Years. By the Editor of the Chicago Tribune. & bpasaadas 3 INCE the panic in Wall street last October twenty-eight sui ::__‘:_:;”““___::i cides have taken place which have been caused directly or indirectly by it. Even now, six months after that panic, guicides are recorded, one of the last being Charles Custer, the New York broker, who, a few days ago, after valnly ‘ striving to retrieve losses amounting to a million and a half | .. dollars by operations of a purely gambling character; at m! last gave up the hopeless game and shet himself. | : Among these men who took their own lHves because gfm ruinous finance are five prominent brokers, five bank cashiers, and saven bank presidents, showing that some bankers had imperiled their legitimate ‘ business and the money intrusted to them by others by illegitimate dealings in stocks or investments in risky projects. It is a curious feature of this sad record that so many bank officials should have been urged to death, the victims of their own folly and dishon esty. But they are not the only ones. The total list of those who have com mitted suicide since the Ist of January because of husiness misfortunes of various kinds is sixty-seven, and some of these cases also probably were due to tge October panic, How many more will appear in the records time will show. i The significant feature of it aill is the rapid increase of this class of sui cides. During the last twenty years the number has been small, but during the last two years it has grown with surprising rapidity. This may be due in part possibly to the general increase of suicides all over the coluntiy, for they are now increasing much faster than homicldes. It may be due in part also to the increased social strain and competition, and the mania to get riches measured by millions, for hundreds of thousands are hardly consider ed as constituting wealth. But in the majority of these cases, and in all the cases where brokers and bank officials have been concerned, it was the inev jtable exposure of dishonesty and illegitimate practices which could be con cealed no longer, and which threatened the penitentiary and public disgrace. | The o Y Earliest Known Trousers ? 03 AT B LR TST €V Ey Prof. Friedrich Delitzsch. * . HE head of the ancient Babylonian was carefully protected from the sun by various wrappings; it was sufficient for the I rest of the body to wear a thin woollen or linen garment bound at the hips with a girdle or shawl, over which some eemeeeeee el times another garment was picturesquely draped. In Baby- I lonia and Assyria also head and foot coveripgs were subject - to fashion, but the long, close-fitting garment fortunately L KR __l] ,ever went out of style. rousersthe un-aesthetical invention of the Medes—are first found on the Parthian stele of about the first century B. C.,, which was excavated in Assyria.—Harper's Magazine, FMY i The e T $ JSensations of Youth T é s ———_ é - By G. Jtanley Hall, of Clark Universi'y. P sw—u L e 2 &) smm—m—m———m QUNG people need to tingle with sentiments, and the appe ’ tite for excitement and sensation is at its height in the i teens. Here is where the principle of vicariousness gives the teacher one of his chief opportunities and resources. —l| Excitement the young must have, for feelings are now their | life. If they cannot find it in the worthy, they are strongly ! predisposed to seek it in the grosser forms of pleasure. ] Hence, every glow of aesthetic appreciation, every thrill ) aroused by heroism, every pulse of religious aspiratien weakens by just so much the potential en®rgy of passion, because it has found its kinetic equivalent in a higher form of expression. It is from this point of view that some of our German co-laborers have even gone so far as to advocate a carefully selected course of love stories, chosen so as to bring out the most chivalric side of the tender passion at this age, when it is most plastic and capable of idealization; while others have advocated theatre going to selected plays, palpitating with life, action and adventure, that emo tional tension may be discharged not merely harmlessly, but in an elevatiag way.—American Magazine. SCENE AT ANNAPOLIS NAVAL ACADEMY. i, "-u.‘n.‘,;‘i&‘, I s 7 F LAY M :J'o'.". % p 3 s = f Wihi M SN 2 7 1 ww - A e o A (‘v_ .}b}‘ A BB A B AR, Z ‘ : ; Fari o e 4 % 5 - pcslnapllhs suskß G AT - o ¥ yf B Zlaia] R ’ gy ’:':' O it il sidivishl WIS e e 1 Py Ve (AL = w“”” o A vil ",.. RN ; ".: -.;l‘ +. Rot it O ot o N G T S ol "sAt s aia g 5 A o 77 % LA - - T e - g o % SRR TR ~1. e ‘ BYeo. § BN ¢ s iYW e P e S e wSO S, o o v ok g E s w 9 DS L e% ’ ; SRR Fvy . Sy A R R T # : 27 b ) y . R Lo e N . L R u TTP \w&i‘?&“ Pas R I e dIR i e it 2 e s hial S ‘A § - . 7 2 Yol ,‘ + e "e’e‘% G T st A ! G & ViR g AR - £ i ; ':: y d"“‘if %4 fwa i A RISy s’ y e i ‘ 4l g~ (O sty i e i i R L it s hb, Y "“@{ g PO b e R : AN e B St o Vil o 0 G e ? i ENTRANCE—FACING CHESAPEAKE BAY—TO BANCROFT HALL, UNITED STATE NAVAL ACADEMY. A Unique Umbrella. L Owing to the fact that the handle rod or stick of the ordinary umbrella is centrally disposed, a single person can occupy only one-half of the space beneath the umbrella, with the re sult that his outer shoulder is usually exposed to the drip and rain. To remedy this defect, two inventors of Bridgewater, Va., have designesl 2n umbrella which when raised will have the handle located to one side of the centre, leaving the central portion of the sheltered space unobstructed. This umbrella when closed has sub stantially the appearance of the or dinary article. The umbrella stick {s provided with the usual runner, but the stretchers instead of being connected to the runner as in the or- " A SR S PO A#}fifi\% ( R RS » 7. et 7 & bb\‘)“A\LflA ANV ‘; Nl ENS N f ’,» ‘l.jl A Unique Umbrella. dinary umbrella, are attached to a carrier which is connected to the run ner by means of a pair of links. Hence, when the umbrella is closed, the ribs fold closely against the u{'n brella handle, but when the umbre”la. is raised they are tilted with respect to the handle, #® illustrated in %e enf;;ax‘i'ng_. Sg;levx‘xti&c gfibrican. f“’,f~/' Don’t Expect Enough. } Most people do not expect enough of themselves. They do not realize that things they see other people do, and envy them the power of doing, they could do themselves if they only tried. So much of what seems to ‘“‘come natural” to other people is only the result of long continued ef fort. We may not be able to do as well as they have done, but some measure of success in the same direc tion is within our power. — Home Chat, Sprayer For Hose Nozzles. A simple attachment for hose noz zles has recently been invented, which will permit the operator to comntrol the form of stream issuing from the nozzle. Thus the water may be per mitted to low either in a solid stream or it may be sprayed to any extent desired. The device consists of a pan-shaped blade, which is hinged SN (I 6fi@ R, V A SRINEN N _‘(/Q’&‘ ) ¥ &\\\&‘\\E T s Sprayer For Hose Nozzle. to the nozzle in such manner that it may be rocked toward or from the stream. The blade is formed with a handle which by means of a leaf spring bearing on the nozzle is nor mally pressed upward to keep the blade or deflector clear of the stream. When the operator so desires he may press on the handle, bringing the de flector into engagement with the stream, and thereby spraying the water.—Scientific American. Not One to Deride. | ¥ ‘?, el & ; ::é‘;' : o ;";“ . 4 m‘ A \ 4 7 1 G s “'/ B \“fit ){ m WR /s Dfl”"b-‘ R s X i s e W - Al | |PR T 8 < Wy W sod gl WY WSI ./7/7‘;.,; SB A ’ /’\ ~- : 3 vy T — ‘ s W= ‘%\ IRt g /S f/ //"/ == 5 \~ ¥AL : ( (7 ety o\ , , sy A 0 e Doctor—"“Now let me seen if you can put your tongue out.” Tough Boy—*“What would I put me tongue out at you fer? You ain't done nawthin’ to me.”—Brooklyn Life. g 1 Cooking Cattle Whole. One of the most popular forms of entertaining guests in the South is to hold a barbecue, as it is called. The host generally employs a skilled white or colored barbecue cook. A trench is dug in the ground and the bottom filled in with kindling and hard wood which will burn to coal. After S e u,\\ IR At M g R T IT % eRN s o a ‘fi:‘%fi‘ ,‘\% A 3 ff;’fiy L e e eel [ 85 M.xm*amx@w&u o N S AR T T "?s%:fi';‘?f 4 ;&*’:"&;fi%:‘h R AR T I S T .‘“3“‘«;‘“’%* S Roasting Carcasses Who!a For Bar becue, ‘the fire has been made, carcasses of isheep, fowls, sometimes steers are fastened above the bed of coals and Ithus roasted to be cut up and served on long tables with vegetables and other viands. One of the features of the barbecue is the roasting of the carcasses in the presence of the guests. This picture shows one of the roasting trenches with cattle be ing cooked over the live coals. Reversible Type Cabinet, A sectional type cabinet of interest to printers has been devised and pat ented by a Wisconsin man. With the ordinary printers’ type cabinet but one man can work at the cabinet at the same time. Three or four com ‘positors may be waiting to use the }cabinet to get at some of the fortv or ' ‘\“ — ] : ] | ™ ' ! \ f’ ) i | (|- [t g , ; r gggs l ’ A i— L P =T L M ‘s‘3-'_’s —‘E— !x i =S| 1 i =R E Uk (=== = | eeel A s s ——— fifty different cases of type. These objections are overcome in the im proved cabinet shown here. Instead of all the type cases opening on one side, they are arranged to open on all four sides of the cabinet.—Wash ington Star. Crusade Against Cocaine. Baltimore, following the lead of ‘New York State, has started a vigor ous crusade against the cocaine evil, which is said to be particularly prev alent among the negroes of that city. An ordinance prohibiting the easy sale of the drug and making persons found with it in their possession sub jeet to arrest has passed the City Council and Mayor Mahool has prom ised to sign it. l GCHINGS ORTH,‘ No man ever ate himself to death on a meal ticket. The Government has just ordered 750,000 yards of khaki. for soldiers vniforms. The first recorded mention of go}d is in the second chapter of Genesis, 4004 B. C. A potato that is said to be disease proof has been introduced in France from Uruguay. . The shipping tonnage passing through the “Soo” Canal so far this year is 15,000,000. One of the fastest growing cities in the world is Kobe, Japan; its popula tion increased from 190,000 to 360,- 000 in ten years. Rejected by the British War Office, an aerial torpedo, the invention of a Swedish artillery officer, has been purchased by the German army. Although but a few miles from the mouth of the River Thames, noted for its fogs, the atmosphere of Horne Bay, England, is rarely obscured. Two monster whales have just been killed on the Eden coast of New South Wales, thereby furnishing a re minder that the whale fishery was once looked upon as the staple indus try of the Australian continent. The discovery of the Mammoth | Cave of Kentucky was due to a search ' for saltpeter in 1807. Congra2ss had forbidden American vessels to sail for | Europe, and foreign vessels to land cargoes in this country, and salipeter was needed for gunpowder. How the French Farmer Lives By VANCE THOMPSON. The French farmer, Pierre, whom I visited that yvear, raised 2000 meas ures of wheat; 100 were laid aside for* seed; 150 went for the family flour; the remaining 1750 measures he sold at sixty cents, for $750. His rye, barley and fodder, after deduct ing seed and supplies for the cattle, | brought in $420. He sells every vear a pair of oxen—the old ones; last } year he got $l3O. The sale of other | stock brought him $2lO. Another | source of income is the poultry vard. But this and the dairy may be set aside as equivalent to the many taxes that weigh upon the peasant-‘ farmer. In round numbers, then, Pierre’s income in an average year is SISOO. Over against this he places his expenses, thus: ; Two men at*sloo a Yeaß Sy et 200 Ope map. 00 eit TR One hand . i Rt el One Jal. Lo, S e e Onewoman, 0.0 000 Sy e b e, Avdaivy mand. L ie e gy Two haymakers at 85 a week.......... 10 Extra hand for harvest and so forth.. 60 8502 Food for seven laborers (Pierre and wife not included): INVRR R e e e $92 fßger oL e e R e e BRehn 1 G s e e BIREOhBr S mnanta 00 (0 T i Sy fypocenias. % S e lan eßbl el Petvoleum for highting.. .. /. . 000 15 ‘ £254 ‘ Bladkemith 0 0 Harhegsmalter. ./ 058 i vl S iicep Whigslwnight, = - on ede o S woals abe L Ll ee S e “§7l Cost of attending fairs, selling cattle gchdeian ceht s LG sG S ean SEatrance . S AR RRS Y DR ' §72 And the total is ‘5979. Thus be tween income and expenses there is a difference of $521, which is Pierre’s profit for the year. With this sum he provides for his family and meets the needs of life.—From “The French Peasant in His Fields,” in the Out ing Magazine. A Cultivated Memory. E. C. Laston, who issued a chal lenge to the world for the memory championship, although only a young man of twenty-thtee years, is a verita ble walking encyclopaedia, for he has memorized 40,000 dates of the princi pal events in the world’s history since the creation. It was quite by accident that he discovered that he had an exceptional gift of memory. He was being trained as an army officer, when an attack of rheumatic fever dispelled his hopes in that direction. At that time he happened to meet the Zancigs in India, who, noticing what a re markable memory he had for dates, advised him to cultivate it. He then purchased a copy of Haydn's *“Dic tionary of Dates,” and sought to com mit to memory the dates of the most important events in the world’s his tory by writing fifty to a hundred dates on a piece of paper, and re writing them three or four times until he had fully grasped them, with the result that he has a repertory of thousands of dates, and can give the correct answers without the slightest hesitation.—London Tit-Bits. ————_—— Cat Not Guilty. A cat accused of killing a chicken was found guilty on the grounds of seli-defense by a jury in a Justice's court at Marysville, 111., recently, e—— e —— e ——. ——————— French scientists are studying a peculiar movement of the sands along the northern coasts of France, Bel gium and Holland. A fine sand orig inating on the coast of Normandy has been found as far away as Denmark, Roads and the Farmer, . Good roads cannot be secured with out the co-operation of the ramer in maintaining them after they are once properly constructed under the super vision of the County Court. They need as much attention as the corn or tobacco crop, and the farmer is per sonally interested in their mainten ance after they are once put in proper condition. It has become a custom to look upon the road proposition as a necessary evil, a utility that ao one has a part in but the County Judge, the magistrate and the district super visor or overseer, and that no one has a voice in the matter of keeping them up but these officials. The farmers are interested in the matter of good roads individually as well as collect ively, and without their earnest co operation they need not expect a bet ter condition than now exists. An earnest, united effort will soon bring about a better condition, and with this condition comes the en hancement of the value of the farm and city property. From an eco nomic standpoint, less wear of horse flesh and twice the amount hauled at one load, easy access to market at all seasons and under all conditions. Caldwell County has an abundance of material with which to build good roads all over the county, and it is up to the present generation to issue bonds and do its work. Get good roads and enjoy them while you live. If they cannot be paid out during vour lifetime, you will help your children and grandchildren to good highways and better resources to meetabonded indebtedness.—Prince ton (Ky.) Leader. American Roads Bettering. From the maledictions scattered broadcast in the mire of roadless America by despairing bicyclists fifteen years ago hopes of better things have taken root. So writes C. F. Carter in the Technical World Magazine. No gift of prophecy is now required to foresee a time when these hopes will have so far mate rialized that a team, if it is a good one, will be able to haul an empty wagon over the gumbo roads of the Mississippi Valley in spring, and the public highways of the South will be so well buoyed that light draught au tomobiles may navigate them in comparative safety. From every part of the country comes the same encouraging news. Sixteen States now have highway eommissions that are trying in va rious ways to supply the greatest need of the nation, which is good roads. At one extreme is New York, which, in 1905, voted to expend sso,= 000;900 in building roads. TUnder the Plan adopted the State will build and maintain 333 miles connecting the prinecipal cities, and pay one-half the cost of 4700 miles of local roads to be built by the counties. - ‘ At the other extreme is lowa, the third State in the Union in extent of road mileage, where the use of the public highways is so vast that if teams eneugh could be assembled to do in one day- all the traveling done in the State in a year the line would reach once and a half round the earth, which doles out an annual ap propriation of SSOOO to defray the expense of the State college faculty while acting in the capacity of highe way commission. Rural Mails and Rural Reads. A notification sent out by the Postoffice Deparitment should and doubtlessly will have considerable ef fect in stimulating the good roads movement, The notice is in sub stance that those rural communities which desire a continuance of their free delivery of mails must provide roads practicable in all sorts of weather and keep them in good con dition. It will be the policy of the department to cut off the service over over roads that may not be traversed with comparative ease and in safety. It is not the wish of the depart ment to deprive any community of the rural delivery service that shows appreciation of it, and no route will be discontinued on account of poor roads until after a reasonable time has elapsed following notification of the necessity for improvements. For some time the department has been collecting data with respect to the condition of roads covered' by rural free routes, and as far as possible, communication will be had with the road overseers or other persons re sponsible for the condition of the highways, and efforts will be made to have the road laws carried out. The rural free delivery system is not operated for profit. As a matter of fact it costs a very great deal more than it earns. Its deficiency each vear is one of the heavy items of the department. But it is of great ben efit to a large number of people, and that was the object of its creation. It is not more than fair that those who benefit by the service should give it all of the aid they can, especially in the way of making the roads safe and easy.—Savannah News. ee e i iet e SO American Cigarettes. Even the extraordinarily low priced cigarettes with which American man ufacturers have flooded India hardly. hold their own with the native “biri.” The biri is now made in large quanti ties at Tirora. The tobacco is brought from so far afield as Madras and As sam, : S ————————————— i j Methodists at Seattle will build a large institutional church for the Jap anese of that city, preferably install ing as pastor the Rev. 8. Yoshioki, the preacher at the First Methodist Church, Renal ;