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SNOWFLAKES on the sleeping ~ earth their downy mantle fling, e clanging through the frosty air the . Christmas joy-gells ring, . It is the hour of eventide—the glowing fire burns low, And in its depths fair pictures gleam of Christmas long ago. SEE THE little cottage nestled close behind the hill; 0 us it was a refuge sweet from every earthly ill. The blazing logs upon the hearth give : forth a ruddy sheen To tinge the frosted panes bedecked with wreaths of evergreen. SEE THE little stockings hung beside the ingle nook; see the chnfidish faces—oh, how gay and (. bright they loak! e SR ST DAL it N| . R T L ey T r:*}*i*‘wr‘*if.'-m’:F.;w,:b.:l !,F f Se R -\;:.«f.%?.-a;f:'&c-‘—‘?e% f*‘“x";fi gil ].‘ -EE T NS Loy Rt \\w‘fi'r et el | iftli | PRSI 4TR fi-'w:f?' AN ?{"d-f’, GBT RS ettty ‘ig’\fi?_ll(?\, ’b""i"*?!x‘q‘!'.:")q iL‘!‘J-.'. fEhn v S \%{;\ Beakls ol e R \ R NS o G g : 85 : n»‘ 0 (\ LT T 3 ~.,m~:'::..-:\t‘_ —— % R[\(o - A e | e e = Sa nid 3 A v_,.‘-v/;" i A :‘v‘." Ea DI Nool! e dilP A N Cl us AW~ Ko : ePP i Goeßmß R N Tpers r r qu il /afive-ep ‘D ow)? i i ¥ e ) % I o /,» s 2 ‘};,. A wrs .SR i - HE Santa Claus who visits 3 American children dons many i a quaint and curious guise in § making his annual visits in other lands. He even changes his ]name and sometimes goes as two dif {ferent persons to the same house. In tG'ermany, for instance, we find the jßood children waiting in joyous ex pectation for the coming of the be ‘loved “Christ Child,” while the naughty ones are waiting in fear and I’dread for “Knecht Ruppert.” But even at his very sternest the dear old lsaint can not long grieve the heart of ia'ny child, for after Knecht Ruppert, bearing an old bell, with which he gnnounces his coming, and an earthen ?.” »; ‘?‘ .r,,’l', o i WY S WAL . ) . - B <e\ : AL PG e NN . hs - RS RN e ///, Gl - 2IR 3 (.;;:A‘;,:" {25 :;;';"I_.‘;vg(l_,:";‘;1.-,"'.-’,":1 B 7 :"',"7”- b P ’t\ o;, X . A fi‘f Ay NG e R O Ve N R RS~ ey RA LR TR TN N W SRR ™ ! Viifas. - 2> ot ) P ‘ \ ‘\\ PR L L JII MY e NLE DO A ;:""rf& ) Wy 7 e ey RS AN 1 fl 7 ARV Z. 5\ N 7 TSRS, + i , ,7’43’%/2‘5///’,;:/,#/ 7v.|)‘ 57 6{" &7 :# Y ;,');‘"‘g;:/f,:;%l 7 ’,:?’i’ ,"/":/ = ),f : i \ & iy ~/.' = P W 7 .»—/'/:(/( %’ ///4 S — Y 2 = {,’ :lvr- /2. /—/'J// ¢ / // / /Yth "“7 ‘4 XS L A// / W "‘\\ Y L /",AZ,/:"'// /-// LA ‘) BN ‘{( / -fl;;:fif*’;'/ vy ////’ [I . ‘@“\?‘f\ N =27 ‘!Qf‘. :)-? 2 1!“1 4/Y: ‘\ A A - SIS O o AR rv*‘*-*’"m‘r-“ R -—:-‘n'.':': 'ot, bolding the presents, has ques tloned the children very sharply, fhreatening severe punishments for 41l the mischief of the past year, the biessed Ohrist Child appears, and lay 4ng his bands on the heads of the Httle ones, begs Knecht Ruppert.to i ve them just once more, and give e their Christmas presents. Then ihe grass old man, grumbling and Powiing, finally consents to do so, d the gifts are taken from the | hen pet and distributed by the Ohedst Child. f Whe Christ Child is very generous, £Of Re is mot often content with giving She Alldren their gifts in this way, e must have a Christmas tree as iWefl. The Christmas tree is lighted Bn Caristmar Eve, so that the little (Qerman ehfldren have a pretty long SMristmas, starting in with the Ohristmas Eve tree, and celebrating through Christmas Day with feast { 8g and lavish gift-making. In Hol fand the ehildren do not hang up thelr @tockings, but put their little wooden f hoes side by slde, in straight rows b y the fireside, sure that the good old €aint will All them with goodies be- Baa ¢ RN S L N i Y =‘.’-\.f”- 7 ,“,,"“;,_ o . } 5% Al g Rgh e o WL ey e o \ fi-——‘——_'———-———.._. e morning. In Belgium BBt. Nich -8 18 the patron saint of the young plks, and as his death is supposed ED have oecurred on the 6th of De gmber, about the middie of the sixth While from the little trundle-beds their merry voices hum, As eagerly they wonder just “when Santa Claus will come,” OW BUSY were our mothers then from morn until they -legt, ’ And from the quaint eld kitchen spicy odors upward crept From shelves all groaning ’neath the pies of pumpkin and of mince— Such appetizing goodies have 1 never tasted since. ~ EAR FACES that I see to-night p have gone beyond the skies, ‘or them the jcgous Christmas Day now dawns in Paradise. : But they seem to hover near me in the firclight’s fitful glow, Sweet sglrlts of the Christmas-time, dear Christmas long a’i’o. : : —Katheriné L. Daniher, in Leslie’s. century, it is on December 6 that St. Nicholas Day is celebrated. This day corresponds with our Christmas, but the children prepare for the gifts very differently from our children. St. Nicholas makes his yearly trip through Belgium in a white chariot drawn by four white horses, and the children, after polishing their little wooden shoes very brightly on Christ mas Eve, fill them with hay, oats and carrots for the good saint’s white horses. The shoes are then placed either on a table or before the fire place and the doors of the room are closely locked. You may be sure it is very early the next morning that {ae little ones unlock the doors znd rush in the room. Such a scene of confusion reigns! It looks, indeed, as 1f the white horses had been there, for the furniture has all been turned topsy turvy, and every bit of food is gone from the little shoes. They are filled instead with toys and sweet meats and gingerbread St. Nicholases. These images of Bt. Nicholas, made of gingerbread, are a very important part of the day. No feast is complete without one, and no home too humble to secure at least one. They come in all sizes and in all degrees, from tiny ones a couple of inches high, without any ornaments whatever, to the very large ones, three or four feet high, richly ornamented with colored icings and fruits and elaborately trimmed with tinsel and gold and silver paper. The white horses of St. Nicholas change drivers between St. Nicholas Day and Christmas, for on Christmas Eve they bear the Christ Child into Bohemia. It is just at twilight that the tinkling of silver bells announces the coming of the Christ Child to the watching children of Bohemia. Hvery door and window is then thrown wide open, and as the white chariot is whirled swiftly through the air the Christ Child throws his gifts into the hands of the children thronging doors and windows in eager expectation of his visit. The Bambino is the Christ Child of Italy, and the Italfan children are all taken to church on Christmas mern ing to worship the Bambino before recelving his gifts. After a mass has been said a sacred image of the Bam bino {8 held by the priest for each child to kiss, and after this ceremony is ended the Bambino comes among the children and distributes hig gifts. In Spain, where Christmas comes with roses and sunshine instead of ice and snow, the children hide their ghoes and slippers among the blossoming trees and bushes on Christmas Eve, and find them filled with fruit, sugar plums and toys on Christmas morn ing. In Bweden and Denmark the great est mystery and the gayest sort of merrymaking accompanies the gift making. The Christmas box s wrapped in numberless papers, de- Lhe & hristmag. livmer Whr L hrigtinag Jifner L 3 0 - «f, ‘ [ . HCCIING .‘ s S f‘~*‘" - A | \ ,:’ "- iy g \f. R F ol , Quster Relirh. = _ \Tomato Birque. ’ / CroutonAl Boiled Trout, Caper Sauce. . ' Roast Gogre, Apple Sauce. Marbed Potatoer. Creamed Carralr, “ Shrimp Salad. X Orange Sherhet. : {Celery’.-. ; . Oliver) ; Chrirtmar Pudding. Coffee. Crackerr and Chegre " “Nulr and Rairing.j 'signed to conceal its shape and size as completely as possible, and the ‘name and address of the recipient is clearly marked upon it; then the box Is Intrusted to some fantastically dis guised messenger, who rushes to the house, gives a resounding rap on door or window, and as it is opened flings the box in and swiftly disappears. If by any chance a door or window is open when the messenger arrives, so mueh the better; for then, without any preliminary warning, the box is tossed into the house apparently by unseen hands. The streets are thronged on Christmas Eve with a motley crowd. Dwarfs and giants, angels and devils, fairies and gnomes, beggars and princes, cripples on crutches, cavaliers on horseback, rush helterskelter, pellmell, jostling one another, joking and laughing, each one bent upon delivering his Christ mas box in the most mysterious man ner possible. A very pretty custom is taught the children of these North ‘ern countries which it would be well for you little ones to remember—that is the old one of feeding all birds and animals at this great holiday time. The children hang sheaves of wheat on the fence and eaves of the building that the birds of the air may share the Christmas feast with them, and all the.animals are given special feast at this season. In France, the Jesus Bambin is the children’s Christmas saint. The French children, as well as the Dutch, range their little shoes in front of the fireplace and find them well filled in the miorning. In the country places of France, Jesus Bambin often comes in the guise of a young girl attended by angels. On her head she wears a crown of gold paper, set around with tapers, and she carries in one hand a silver bell, and a basket of sweet meats and toys in the other. In Austria, the coming of the Christ Child is told by some one who takes the part of the angel Galrlel. The greeting of the angel to the peo ple who have come to meet the Christ Child is as follows: “My name is Gabriel; from heaven I come to greet you, and to tell you of the approach of the Christ Child. In my hands I bear the sceptre He has given me; on my head 1 WBdI tho Crown ¥Ag the ‘angel ceases to speak a chime of sil ver bells announces that the Christ‘ Child is near, and a moment later aJ little figure, white clad and wearing a golden crown, enters the room, car- ‘ rying a basket filled with nuts, cakes ‘ and fruit. ‘ “Down from high heaven I come Into your hearts to dwell,” chants the Christ Child, and then, while the little ones stand in awed silence, the Christ Child mingles among them. He asks each one if he attends church faithfully, says his prayers, and is a good, obedient child. If the answer is yes, gifts accom panied by loving words of praise are the reward from the Christ Child; but if the little one confesses to a had year, then the angel Gabriel steps for ‘ward, and the unlucky child gets from his hands only a switch, while the Christ Child pleads with him to be a hetter child during the coming year. Though Christmas is celebrated, you see, in many ways in these old lands so far away from us, still in the Old World, beyond the sea, as well as in our own, the same message, “Peace on earth, good will to men,” is in every heart.—Newark Sunday Call. 3 e e ¢ Y o TN ; PR b e T 24 o A ’ : £oH ! i * 4 P A A » S > A s O A "4 i B . " s 1 (‘ ; 3 ; ) § Y FON s P e N A b 5 : SISO g i, R P ’ 5 Y > PR 2 [ " G y ’ s " oy , M, ) N o PR S S p ) DT o WA T N " o b 1 L) . A ; ; k) R . :&’; % : T e si B g : » Rt o o 5 t"&*h s o “ L e g MRS R ‘f:,‘ i &T e ’ R S e T A 00l kel A o 2 i . '.9 4 g . 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Pt e ely B R Rt i p , AR 4TN O SVt TR P RN 0 e 48 s T .7?')’;' ™ % ; %, L4St B M S 2 / i Tol e et 4 SBNr Nil - " Rh o ) J L £ ’ B h ‘."‘ 15 PRI T el SN Re &L i G L& R e oA sk T S . : AT Ry oey e AL ¥ 2 g prs \‘-j | v‘. 2 "‘. 3 ’ L 3 ¥ o 4 . e 3 z 9 %, y RS DI e : ; s ‘L",j’/-;‘“ Y I kP : , y - A N sl 4 X T A * p 'l"‘s:4 IR I i 1o ) R NS A ”” S“YULETIDE, By William J. Whitemore, "s ® .—vi"v"-"fi_’_'————-—v-— » BY BOYS AND GIRLS A Circus Rug. (By Helen Trew, Macon, Georgia.)—A circus rug, in tended for my little nephew, was made of dull green denfm four feet long and two and one-half feet wide. A two-inch border of denim of a darker shade was sewed around #he four sides of the rug, and five inehes in from this binding was placed a. one-inch band of the same dark green denim, leaving a five-inch space of the foundation material on which to place the circus procession. From story books and magazines I eunt plc tures of circus animals, clowns, danc ing girls on horseback holding aloft circus hoops, ete., carefully traced these on gay-colored cambrie, cut them out and pasted and appliqued the designs on the light demim be tween the two borders of darker denim, to resemble as nearly as pos sible a circus parade. A Sled and Skating Sail. (By Ray mond Morrigon, Erie, Colorado.)— Make your runners of one-inch pine, thirty-six inches long and five inches high. Shaving and rounding off the front of the runners to a good angle, nail strips of tin on the bottom of the runhers. Place them about one foot apart, and nail strips eighteen inehes lon‘fi across, 50 that three inches pro ject on each side. Use a half-inch board two and one-half feet long for the seat, and bore two holes in this board for the rope. When com pleted this was a very attractive Christmas gift. For the skating sail T used a piece of wood seven feet long. Two and one-half feet from each end I naiked an upright plece of wood one yard long. I took two pieces of eanvas each one yard square, and fastened these sails to the uprigat masts. A Slipper Needle Book. (By Hagel Hope, Joneshoro, Georgia.)—The two soles should be cut out of cardboard, padded with cotton and covered with pretty velvet or woolen. A cap of the velvet should be sewed on the end of one of the goles, and serves ;r:?:., ‘: ,'.\ * A : ‘‘\ ~ f \ Mol PR gl ‘:\RJ}‘ : as a pocket for the thimble or thread. A rosette of red satin ribbon is placed on the top of the oo‘;l? to imitate the bov,on . Suglip 'he heels of the two g}fi;pors 'ugt‘)t’éi{d”be Jolned at the back ;and finished with a ribbon, by which the slipper is hung up. The edges should be bound with white silk cord, and inside there should be three pieces of white flannel for the needles. - ) L\ : ) s 43',')}' ‘.& \ 3 SR \om - \e;. \‘v" ‘ l A A Croquet Inkstand. (By Harold Jackson, New York.)—Cut a eroquet ball in two a little above the centre. In the larger section bore a hole, to contain the Ink well. Saw off the bottom so that it will stand firm, and attach the cover by means of a brass hinge. Draw a design and color and varnish the whole. On the top out line'a monogram by little brass nails driven close together, The African peanut is less delicate than the American as an artiele of food, but it yields more generously in oil and i 8 more easily crushed. Darwinian 17 | nian Theory TN U MBS RN SSR An Error to Suppose It Has Been Finally Accepted by Scientific Men, I $ AT DS, RO By L. H. Starkey. . Mt Ppo g Ny DWARD DOBSON assumes that “the evolutionary doctrine is no longer debatable except in minor phases.” It is an odd thing that the “evolutionary doctrine” (by which is probably meant the hypothesis of genetic evolution by natugral selection), which may be called the Darwinian " w theory, is popularly supposed to be finally accepted by the scientific world, —_——l There could be no graver error. Natural selection is at best a working hypothesis with a minimum of scientific evi dence and a maximum of more or less ingenious but loose and unscientific reasoning. » John Girard says, speaking of Darwinism: “In spite of its great name, its success has throughout been popular rather than scientific, and as time went on it has lost ground among the class most qualified to judge. Bvolutionists there are in plenty, but very few genuine Darwinists, and among these can by 10 means be reckoned all who adopt the title, for not a few of them, like Romanes and Weissman, profess doctrines which cannot be reconciled with those of Darwin himself.” Professor Huxley, an ardent exponent of Darwinism, could not unreserv edly accept the theory, and a score or more of scientific men-of the first rank could be named who “reject Darwinism altogether or admit it only with fatal reservations.” That higher forms of organic life have been evolved from lower is not dis puted, but that all organic life has been so developed genetically from sub stantially the same form of germ plasm is very far from an accepted scientific fact. Apart from biological research, which cannot be conclusive, all we have to guide us are the fragmentary records of paleontology, which, when critically eetamined, certainly do not help the affirmative very much, ! It is not possible without encroaching seriously upon your space to show the many obstacles to the aeceptance of the theory in question, but generally speaking, the fossil records of organic life are fertile with evidences antago nistic to the hypothesis of genetic evolution, while the evidence required to support it is conspicuous at every turning point by its absence, and has to be supplied by the ingenious imagination of its advocates. As M. Fabre says (quoted by Girard): “Let us acknowledge that in truth we know nothing about anything as far as ultimate truths are concerned. Scientifically consid ered, nature is a riddle to which human curiosity can find no answer. Hy pothesis, the ruins of theories are piled one on another; but truth ever es capes us. To learn how to remain in ignorance may well be the final lesson of wisdom.” Th ni rs of } e Reasoning Powers of » Animals i AST 55RNe R 1 e % By Albert F. Shore, : Member American Association for Advancement Upsroncmtie sl e of Jcience. R — HILE Ido not discredit the reasoning power of elephants or ‘ beavers, however limited it may be, it does not demand ex i I pert observation to decide positively that at least animals of ; | feline genus and some other carnivorous ones, as for in ———w=sm] stance the bear, are wholly destitute of reason. Why? In : | Central Park, New York, the reason is engraved in not only | hard cement, but in the nose of a cinnamon bear. This ani mal is fenced in, but he can easily see freedom outside, and he has long ago made up hie mind to secure his freedom by walking outside of this cruel inclosure. Seelng that the broad side of the - would bar him, the bear made for the front corner; but, seeing this corner impregnable, he naturally turned toward the other unexplored corner quite undaunted. Of course, he is again disappointed, but since the first dis appointment was forgotten by the shock of the second, he hopefully again returns to the said first cornér, and so on, hour after hour, days, weeks, and year after year. Lions, tigers, leopards, etc., do exactly as does this bear; but I will say of this particular bear, that although he has worn deep holes in the cement floor in both corners of alternate hope and despair, his nose has become worn by his systematic swing of the head in spurning these really hopeless corners of escape. There is as yet no clear impression on the mind of this bear that his long search for freedom ts really hopeless. But this un daunted bear can be convinced, as by cutting off his view of freedom without, and It would aleo teach us a lesson—that the difference between gimple intui tion and reasoning is enormously great. What little reason exists in animals is so feeble, that the slightest intui tive activity on their part will easily hypnotize their reasoning powers. Imita tion, as proved by the monkey or the parrot, and still more so by small chil dren—just because they have a larger brain area—may become go extensive that almost all the product of reasoning minds may be faithfully memorized and imitated, although the minds engaged never themselyes ever reason ex cept to a negligihle degree, T oWy LI The Brain and Dru E and Drugs 0 S A % By Dr. William Hanna Thomson. e, O sensible person belleves that drugs do not affect the brain, ‘ and yet this doctrine seems to fit in with so many facts l that some clear demonstration of its fallacy is much.need | ed. It is the physiclan who should be asked what he has — .__--i to say on the subject, because naturally he is the one best | qualified to know whatever {s known about both drugs and f brain. Moreover, lately he has made great discoveries el 2bOUL the relations of the brain to the mind by observa tions, which he alone could make, of the effects of local in- Juries to brain matter caused by disease or by accident, But how different the facts about these two subjects are from what most people imagine he shows by saying that drugs no more affect the brain than insanity does—that is, not at all!—except alcohol, which does injure the brain, though not at all on account of its mental effects, but for the very dif ferent reason that alcohol has a chemical affinity for the albumen and fats of the tissues. By this chemical action it slowly alters and damages brain tis sue, but this resgult in no wise differs from similar alterations produced by alcohol in the tissues of the liver and of the kidneys. Tobacco is a powerful poison, and yet no autopsies can show the least difference between the brain of a life-long emoker and that of one who never lit a cigar, Likewise, the brain of an cpium field is indistinguishable from any other brain, and so on for the rest.—Everybody's Magazine, RRLrGQaARRANNUURANR RN R RT] Spiri w n pirit of New Japa R B W Y —rerary By George Trumbull Ladd. & bbb db 444 T has hitherto been uniquely characteristic of the New Japan that, where experience %t home or eriticism from abroad has revealed deficiencies and difficulties it has gone intelll- I gently and deliberately about the work of supplying the de z ficlencies and of overcoming the difficulties, The fear of .g..“.q.q..x0i the wisest and best of her statesmen at the present time is gfi:z:*** not 50 much that Japan will not hold her own, businesswise, ~.9.;.4..;.m: in the rivalries of commerce and trade; it is rather that she will be overwhelmed and degraded by absorbing the in fluences of the commercial spirit now rife in Great Britain, America and Ger many. To safeguard, expand, elevate and extend to the whole nation, with its varid classes, that spirit which has characterized in the past their own best types of manhood, is with them their chief cencern~The Century,