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CHARLTON COUNTY HERALD
Fopz
A Solution
Definitions
-
Cleaning Up to
- . .
’ Increase Yields
Diséases of Wheat and Corn
' « Are Causing Big Losses
; to Farmers.
(Prepabed by the United States Departmesnt
: of Agriculture.)
1 Wheat scab and ccrn-ear rots are
causing lerge annual losses in the
|‘ Central siates by reducing acre yields
and jewering tee quality of the coin
and whicut c.opg, aecordisg to the Unit
ed Miutes Depariment of Agriculture.
Logses feon wheat weab have aver
uged ahout 12,000,000 Lushels of wheat
unigally for the last nioe years, Corn
| ear roty, some of which are produced
by Jthe waezt-seud organism, have
sguged o o of approximately 100,-
. OUU,QU bushels of corn unnually for
the liist five years.
4 ,ausa of Scab and Rots.
£ Mhe tungous purasites causing
wheut sseub and most of the corn-ear
roq& over winter on dead corn
stal heat straw, stubble and oth
er refuse. Spores produced by
these organisms ripen in the late
spring, and summer and are blown
from the old stalks and straw to the
Wfifléflds and corn ears and cause
‘wheat scab and corn-car rots.
~ Much of this damage could be pre
| wepted by crop rotation, by clean-up
of corpstalks, straw and stubble, and
by thorough plowing, says the depart
ment, Removing or plowing under all
cropgefuse, if done in the fall, pre
‘vtugs‘ development of the winter
gpores, and if done in the spring pre
vents (heir movement by wind to the
wheat and corn plants,
Studies made in 1019, when these
llse,ses were particularly heavy in
several different states in the Corn
Bgl‘,vprovlde figures showing the ef
fectiveness of such clean-up measures.
n lfowa, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Ten
pmessee and Wisconsin the average
amount of wheat scab was 40 per
went where the wheat was sown in
cornstalks and only 18 per cent where
it was sown in plowed oat and wheat
fields,
& Control of Rots.
v 'fhe control of the corn-ear rots is
st as striking. In 1926 corn was
lanted on two similac fields, the only
| difference being in crop rotation and
soil preparation. The first field was
on clover sod well nlowed; the sec
‘ond was on continuous cornland with
ld stalks poorly plowed under. There
: &l no damage on the first field, while
the second, 45.9 per cent of the
| ears were affected.
1. Wlie clean-up program developed for
‘the vontrol of the Europeon corn borer |
| lso will control wheat scab and ma- 1
Jriilly reduce the amount of corn-ear
& e These facts should be taken
. '_f n consideration in advancing the
1 e"-u_p program in ¢he borer-infested
' Well-Drained Soil Will
- Make Conditions Right
When soil is thoroughly drained the
plant roots are able to grow deeper
and secure a large part of their food
from the subsoil. A well-drained soil
makes conditions right for the growth
of the millions of micro-organising
that piay an essential part in prepar
fug food for crop plants. When a soil
is waterlogged the air is prevented
from passing into it where it is need
ed for the respiration of these or
ganisms, Wet soils are too cold for
the best growth of plants and pre
vent the decomposition of organic
matter and the formation of humus.
This keeps such a soil in a poor physi
cal condition,
Soy Bean in Demand for
Great Variety of Uses
The soy bean is now in demand for
a great variety of uses aside from its
value us hay and a green manure to
turn under for soil improvement. Sev
ernl vils are made from soy beans for
cooking and salads; soy bean meal is
an excellent stock feed; a health flour
is made from the bean; it is used to
manufacture a rubber substitute, the
sprouts are used as green salads, und
there are a variety of other uses to
which the oriental visitor may be put.
The demand for it is growing as man
ufacturers expand their fields.
DDI D Qrlrirdrelrlradralrairalralrlralraleird
li Agricultural Notes i
The majority of chickens that are
marketed are entirely too lean and
lanky,
e 99
The neighbor with sick hogs Is like-
Iy to carry infection on his shoes or
his clothing te your hog lots If he
is permitted to visit them,
. . -
Don't erowd the late thin lambs on
the warket. Send only the fat ones,
the others can be made to sell higher
by good care and some feed,
! T
Cod liver 011, to prevent leg wenk
ness and promote growth, can be fed
| to growing chicks in the propertion
; of one pound to 100 pounds of wash.
2N 9
| According to results obtuined at the
University of Alberta, Canada, 50 per
cent of the lambs weaned by ewes fed
timothy hay die within four weeks
after birth,
.9 5
The young cockerels should be sepa
‘ rated from the pullets by the time
they are big enough to fatten, or al
i the latest by the time they weigh a
couple of pounds.
Deep Plowing Best
by Special Machines
Kind of Outfit to Use Will
Depend on Needs of Soil.
Deep plowing can best be done by
machines especlally designed for that
purpose, according to the agricultural
engineering department of the New
Jersey State College of Agriculture,
Rutgers university.
The kind of outfit to use will depend
on the needs of the soil. In any case,
deep plowing involves a heavy ex
penditure in labor, and sometimes in
equipment, and is only justitied when
the cost will be amply repaid.
Deep plowing is usually accom
plished by means of an ordinary plow,
thus bringing the subsoil to the sur
face. There are occasions when this
practice is desirable, but usually it is
preferable simply to loosen and stir
the subsoil without bringing it to the
top. If the plowing depth is in
creased gradually at the rate of about
one-half inch each year, the problem
of turning up subsoil will be less seri
ous. Most plows are designed to do
their best work when the plowing
depth does not greatly exceed one-half
of the width of the plow. For that
reason a wide plow should be used for
depths beyond eight or nine inches.
Deep tillage may involve merely the
stirring of the subsoil or mixing the
subsoil and topsoil. The subsoil plow
runs in the furrow behind the regular
plow and loosens the soil to almost
any desired depth, Deep tilling ma
chines are complete plows and may be
of either the disk or moldboard type.
They usually cut in two stages. i c¢.,
the topsoil is first turned, followed by
the subsoil. A depth of 20 inches or
even 24 inches may be reached.
The traction necessary for pulling
deep tillage machines is ordinarily
much greater than for common plows.
i‘or this reason tractors are very well
suited to this type of work.
Wash and Scald Dairy
Utensils After Using
Everything that comes in contact
with milk or cream needs washing
and scalding after use. Milk contains
an abundance of food for bacteria.
When remnants of milk are left in the
milk utensils they socn sour and pro
duce objectionable oders and flavors.
They are breeding places for bacteria
and unless removed, quickly and com
pletely, they cause the milk and cream
of the next milking to become con
taminated and to speil. No matter
how clean and sweet the fresh milk
may be, the cream from it cannot
reach the creamery in good condition
if handled in unwashed and unclean
- utensils,
After use, the milk pail, strainer,
dipper, the separator bowl and all ota
er utensils are best first rinsed with
cold water to remove the bulk of milk
and cream that adheres to them.
Thorough rinsing here makes subse
quent washing easy. 'Lhen they should
be washed with rhot wzew that con
tains some alkali, such as washing
powder. Use brush and plenty of “el
bow grease.” After washing, they
should be rinsed and scalded thor
oughly with plenty of boiling water.
Prevent Winter Rodent
Losses During the Fall
Farmers in every state face an an
nual loss running into thousands of
dollars each year through the activi
ties of the more common farm ro
dents—rats and mice. This loss can
only be estimated, since it is impos
sible to get an exact census of the
number of each of these small ani
mals existing in each state or to say
exactly how much each consumed in
a year. The loss is not only in feed
consumed, but also in buildings dam
aged, harness weakened and general
depredations of these numerous pests.
Control measures have often been
reiterated. Just at present, the one
big plece of advice is to get at these
pests early in the fall, thus clearing
the farm before the cribs are filled
with corn and before the ground has
become frozen. After the cribs are
filled, rats and mice have an ideal
hiding place to which they can scur
ry, once the hunt is on. Boards, boxes
and all other places under which the
rats and mice may hide will soon be
frozen down, making it impossible
for the farmer to exterminate all of
the pests, A
Pruning Small Fruit Is
Desirable in Summer
The question, as far as the desira
bility of summer pruning is concerned,
has only one answer in the berry
patch, It is highly cesirable.
~ The old canes, which have borne
their crop of fruit, may be removed
’ from the berry patch uas soon as pos
sible after harvest. This serves to
remove any diseased canes and pre
vent the further spread of disease, It
allows all the energy of the root sys
tem to go into the production of new
cane growth, upon which the follow
ing year's fruit production may be
expected. .
In the case of black raspberries, the
new shoots should be pinched off
when they reach a height of about two
and a half to three feet. The side
shoots may be similarly pinched back,
ns they reach a length of twelve or
fourteen inches.
By following this practice on soll
where the canes grow rapidly and
vigorously, bushy, productive plants
may be expected, and the jJob will be
found well worth while, simply in the
greater ease of harvesting the follow.
ing season,
Communif
Town to Have Novel
Home-Life Features
Now a new kiad of town has been
(nvented. The first one is being built
at Radburn, N. J.
It will consist of a number of units
for 600 families each, Each house
will have its own individual garden
in the rear. Irom each garden a
path will lead to a parkway. KEach
parkway will be a city block In width
and about half a mile in length.
Primarily the parkway will be park
space, but in each parkway will be
tennis courts, playgrounds, a school
and a community center,
The cultural life of the' 600 families
of each unit will center about their
own parkway. Every child can reach
school by walking along tree-shaded
paths and, even if the distance be as
much as half a mile, without having
to cross any automobile road.
The “limited dividend company” is
the practical and powerful tool,
‘through which towns can be built
which will solve the perplexities in
‘troduced into city life by the automo
-Ibile age .of today. It limits dividends
on its stock to 6 per cent. Through
gconomies possible by building hua
dreds of houses at a time it has beea
able to pay 6 per cent and yet to de
‘velop home regions not for specula
tive profit but to provide generously
for home life and community well
being.
One novel feature of the Radburn
plan is that all homes front on side
streets—dead-end streets—which will
'be used only by the automobiles that
‘are going to houses in the particular
iblock. Thirough traflic is restricted,
therefore, to streets definitely planned
!us motor highways, and hence made
!\\'ide enough in the first place to ac
commodate traffic.
Brick Veneering Held
as Good Construction
Brick veneer, perhaps, classifies
as neither fish, fowl nor good red her
ring, Nevertheless it is considered
sound construction and its practica
bility has been demonstrated in many
years of satisfactory use. But strict
ly speaking, a brick veneer exterior
finish is a shell—a shell of brick pre
tecting some form of backing, such as
waeod sheathing, mineral sheathing,
concrete or other material.
The major purpose of a brick ve
neer exterior is to carry out the archi
tectural design of the structure. In
itself, brick veneer is without struc
tural strength. It is laid up over enc
of the standard bases, generally in
what is known as a “running bond.”
Around the lower “course” or any
small projecting cornice, the bricks
age likely to be laid in what is knows
as a “soldier course.” In this course
‘the brickssare stood on end, with the
narrow length exposed, like $o many
soldaers in a stiff row.
- There are a great many bonds for
the laying up of solid brick walls, but
most of them are not applicable te
brick veneer construction because the
narrowness of the brick veneer walls
makes it necessary to break the brick
to carry out the designs of most of
the bondas,
Brick’s Value Appreciated
While the ancients knew how to
use brick structurally and left com
mendable examples of their skill, they
were handicapped in achieving the
beautiful effects possible today be
cause the wide range of colors and
textures as manufactured now were
pot then available,
It is gratifying to know that our
own country has far outstripped the
rest of the world in providing this
versatile aterig} in such a variety of
colors and textures. And that the
architect is thoroughly appreciative
of the opportunity it affords in the
‘way of artistic effects is evidenced by
his lavish use of face brick, not only
for exterior walls, but interior finish
as well,
Country Life
True liberty, independence, (he
practice of virtue, where do they flour
ish in cuch amplitude as in the coun
try, where the farmer is master and
Jord in his own domain; where life
1s more healthy, moral, and simple;
where love is kindled in happy homes;
where children are brought up in a
more Christ'an way; where bad ex
amples are rarer, vices more unknown,
and subsistence more nssured; where’
uprightn-ss and the love of honest
toil and. thrift are cultivated; where
nature herself Is more beautiful, “the
alr purer, heaven closer, and 2od
nearer"?—Prince Albert Patriote de
I'Ouest,
O—— ot . e ———
‘ Progress and Taxation
l It we are to enjoy “real” tax re
duction, it Is not necessary to cut out
progress and needed Improvements,
but It Is necessary to cut out non
essentlals, experiments and politleal
hobbles which add to the overhead of
government without giving added ad
vantages comparable with their cost,
- Exchange,
ee e ——————
Worth Remembering
The resale value of the home made
attractive by a wellthought-out
grounds plan will be materially In
creased.