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BRITISH MAY BE FORCED TO FIGHT KROGER
English Have Exhausted All Diplomacy In Attempting To Amicably
Settle Affairs In the Transvaal.
MAY BE COMPELLED FINALLY TO RESORT TO FORCE
Present Situation In South Africa Is By No Means of a Reassuring
Nature, and An Outbreak May Be Expected At Any Time.
The morning papers of London are
beginning to talk quite seriously of
the possibility of war in south Africa.
Mr. Chamberlain, secretary of state
for the colonies, in his speech in the
house of commons Thursday, an¬
nounced that his reply to the petition
of the Uitlanders which had been held
back pending the result of the confer¬
ence at Bloemfontein, would now be
presented to the Transvaal.
This reply is semi-offieially
ed as “explicit but conciliatory,” but
it is believed to be m the nature of a
TJ
it was President Kruger himself who
suggested the conference,and it claims
to have reliable authority Milner? for declaring
that Sir Alfred the British
high commissioner, has his back to the
wall and is supported to the utmost
bv ^Commenting the cabinet
editori.ll, ontle.it-
...ion, Tb. Daily Mai,
“If we know our Kruger aright, he
will back down, and if not, why—.”
The Daily Chronicle deprecates Mr.
Ohamberlin’s ‘ w’arlike attitude, but
does not deny the gravity of the situa-
tion and seriously counsels the Boers
to grant reasonable reforms, as the
only means of preserving tbeir inde-
pendence of the plots against the
stock exchange and the violence of
Downing street.
The Standard, which reminds the
Transvaal that its independence is
absolute, but is contingent on a faith-
ful execution of the agreementstipu-
lating equal rights for all white inhab-
Hants, save:
“We now demand that all English
men resident in the Transvaal shall 1#
treated with justice and President
Kruger may rest assured that the
whole country will support the gov-
ernment in any measure required to
—“■
llio Times says.
“Let Mr. Kruger grant the Uitlan-
ders full citizenship and the whole
question is ended. At present he only
offers a note of hand for a ridiculous
sum, payable many years hence, in re-
turn for our immediate
of all.tbe legal rights we now possess
for enforcing the payment of debts
long overdue.”
The Cape Town correspondent of
The Times says:
“At the close of the conference Mr.
Kruger declared that he was pleased
at the friendly way in which matters
had been discussed and hoped they
would understand each other better in
future.”
BARROWS ARE ARRAIGNED.
Both Are Remanded To the Tombs In
VArk Under Heavy Bait.
George and Addie Barrows, who are
accused of kidnaping Marion Clark,
were brought to New York from New
City Thursday and were taken to po-
bee headquarters.
Bell Anderson, alias Caine Jones,
was taken to police headquarters soon
after the arrival of the Barrows.
The Barrows and Carrie Jones were
arraigned before Justice Fursman.
Before pleading, Attorney Howes said
that counsel for Mr. and Mrs. Barrows
had had no notice of the
of his clients and had asked him,
Howe, to have pleadings deferred until
Friday. Justice Fursman ordered a
plea of not guilty to be entered in each
case with leave to withdraw and demur.
Bail in each case was District fixed at $10,p00.
Former Assistant Attorney
Davis was assigned as counsel for
Carrie Jones. The prisoners were
then taken to the Toombs.
WILL BENEFIT FRUIT MEN.
A New Rule Requires That Freight
Shall Be Paid In Advance.
A New York dispatch says: Most of
tbe roads in the Central Freight Asso¬
ciation have abrogated the rule gov¬
erning the transportation of fruit,
melons and other perishable freight
from the south by which the freight
charges were prepaid, delivering com¬
panies being held responsible for dam-
age claims after their establishment
and the amount prorated among the
lines scaring in the haul.
This' is due to the fact that deliver¬
ing companies have been compelled to
pay tho claims and then found it diffi¬
cult to collect from the other lines.
HEAT SLAYS MANY.
A Fearful Fatality Record For One
Day in New York.
Heat caused the death of nineteen
persons in New York and vicinity
Thursday. Of these four were wo-
men. There were twenty-one prostra-
tions, the victims of which are still in
the hospitals with more or less hope of
recovery. Wednesday’s official death
list numbered twenty-six and Tues¬
day’’! 8 seven, making a total of fifty-two
deatjks-
GRANT BELL
NOT GDILTY
Such Was the Verdict of Twelve
Conscientious Jurymen.
THE PEOPLE ARE SATISFIED
End Qf a Most Sensat ional Trial
in Georsria^Court.
Mrs. Susan Lumpkin, returned a ver-
diet of not guilty. The jury had been
nn ° Ut * nvpr ° V6r twentv twaB .'^ eirrht ? hours houl8 and and the tbe
opinion prevailed that a mistrial . would
result. In the meantime feeling and
excitement were dying down and the
JfW. r.pidl, tiro, «-* ite « own oonoln- «’
The failure of Mrs. Lumpkin to
positively identify the negro at the
time of the assault proved the salva-
tion of Grant Bell.
Nine-tenths of those who heard the
testimony and know all the parties
accept the.jury s conclusion as a right-
eous verdict.
The first ballot with the jury stood
seven for acquittal to five tor conv.o-
tion m some form. The second bal-
lot was ten to two and the third and
instballot was the verdict.
When the jury announced that they
j^L'des'ring "o'protect thenegfo
from the possibilitv of any form of
mob violence, quietly directed Sheriff
Crocker to spirit the negro out of
town to a place of safety.
A swift;hore*) was procured and a
trusted officer drove quietly to lounged the rear
of the jail, as the strong guard
11 ^ on , ,. e lon P°l c , , , J ...
awaiting the jury’s verdict, the de-
fenseless negro, liberated by a
; 0 f twelve men, was putting miles be-
tween him and Cedartown toward the
Alabama state line, just seven miles
away.
The jury’s verdict was received in
the presence of only the lawyers in
the case and a few individuals. Judge
Janes thanked the twelve men tor their
excellent course throughout the trial
and assured them that the public
would accept the conclusion as a con-
scientious deliberation.
Thus closed the most intensely ex-
citing courthouse drama ever enacted
i n Polk county and the conduct of the
people throughout the trying ordeal is
certainly a tribute to their self-control
and conservatism.
DUANDJEDVINO.
Dispatches From Lebanon, Go.; Say
}-|j s Condition Is Hopeless.
A £ a[ from Lebanon , Mo Btete d
that V) 0 , clock Thursday night Mr.
Bland a d somew hat brighter
, nrnll „L, v Hva speechleS thrnno-Vi S
night He had been en speechless for
twe nty-four hours I he physicians
re 8 ard tho ® a8e as hopeiess and have
so informed the family.
A1 1 of his family are at the dying
, 8 bedslde e X ° eP th! 8
Jud 8 e C - Bland, , of f the 8t St. Louis
cour * a PP ea,s > who has been tel0 -
g ra P hed ior -
Filipino . Congress Dissolved.
Special dispatches received in Lon-
don from Manila, say it is reported
that Aguinaldo has dissolved the Fili-
pino congress and has proclaimed him-
8 ®W dictat or,
_
CONSOLID ATE RIC E FARITS.
Syndicate With Big Capital Are After
Georgia Coast Lands.
An eastern syndicate is the prime
mover, in which is George C. Baldwin,
of New York, after Georgia rice plant¬
ing interests. The company is to be
formed, says Baldwin, with a capital
of $1,000,000 to consolidate the rice
farms of Georgia.
A levee is to be constructed twenty
miles long to protect the crops during
the harvest season from heavy storms
and floods. Four hundred thousand
dollars’ worth of bonds will be issued.
The planters approached appear to
be desirous of furthering the scheme,
it is said.
NO RESIGNATION NOTICE.
Governor of Maine Has Received No
Word From the Hon. Tom Reed.
A dispatch of Thursday from Au¬
gusta, Me., says: Secretary of State
Byron H. Boyd and Private Secretary
Smith say that Governor Powers has
positively not received any notifica¬
tion from Hon. T. B. Reed of the lat¬
ter’s resignation as congressman from
Maine.
RIOTOUS DEMONSTRATIONS.
Revisionists and Anti-Revisionists
Create Much Disorder In Paris.
Slight riots occurred iu Paris Thurs- j
day evening between the revisionists
and the anti-revisionists, after a meet-
mg addressed by M. Francis de Pres-
seuse, of the Temps, in the Clichy j
district of Paris. There were several
fights between riotors and police who I
charged visionists the made populace. Finally toward the the re- j
a move
residence of M. Zola with the object
of demonstrating, but the police inter- j
fered. Several revolver shots were
fired during the disturbance and twen¬
ty perso :s were placed under arrest. I
In the lobbies of the chamber of
deputies Thursday there was much
talk of the possibility of the overthrow
of the Dupuy cabinet. Gossip says
that president Loubet is not too well j
pleased rnent to at the failure precautions of the govern- to j ]
take greater
prevent ... the Auteuil , , demonstration,
and would not be adverse to a change
probable member s of a new cabinet
are passing from band to hand. Much
depends upon the outcome of the M
dem ° Ustratl ° n8 at the
Grand Prix
M. Dupuy presided at the
council when the measures to be taken
were considered. i
and anti-revisionists deputy for Greers,
to interpellate on the Dreyfus affair,
led to “ renewal of violent scenes in
in the chamber Thursday. His motion
wa s finally shelved by an overwhelming
majority.
---
OENliRAL OTIS SUSTAINED.
P „„ de „, * .nTp^ppin, Commie-
sion To Resign His Post.
The situation in the Philippines is
described by General Otis in the fol-
lowing ^ ut-° cablegram to the war depart- - r —-
U ‘ e
Manila, Manila, June June 8.-Adjutant 8.-Adjutant General, General,
Washington.—Result Washington.-Resffit movement movement Mo- Mo-
^mountains, Jrive insurgents
’ capturing ^ Antipolo £
8nd other town8 in hat section ith
n t i„„,i h„v
q hey retreated and scattered before
our advance, leaving twenty-five
dea( j on the field; our loss, four
“1^
i.„, r ^ nt b pr
Inhabitants of
provinoe pro f e ss fri end ship, ask pro-
tection; largo numbers wish to enter
ManUa; r e fnse as city population in-
creasing toorapidIy . Leading natives
througbout island, including active
insurgent leaders, seek permission to
r^ e conc iusions drawn by the war
depar tm e nt officials concerning the
condition in the Philippines given in
tbe dispatch of General Otis are that
tbe i nsur gents are little more than
marau di D g bands which continually
decrease when the men find that there
] ife and ]jb er ty under the American
government °
The New York World’s special says
p reB ident Schurman will resign from
tbe Philippine commission because of
f r i c ^i ot , with Otis, who has severely
criticised him in telegrams to Presi-
dent McKinley. lias McKinley will up-
bold Otis and sent word to all re-
cru iting offices to enlest every availa-
ble map fol . Philippine service, as Otis
bas cab i ed j b at he will need 10,000 to
15,000 men for garrisons, in addition
to 30,000 already demanded for field
___
. nP . n| v i A«i n ci mp
'
_
Twenty-Eight Railroad Workmen Are
Burled Under Mountain of Dirt.
it it is is ieporie reported from o Little Bock ’
* ^ wTt'r
Ho i lo w and engulfed twenty-eight t
men , all of whom are supposed to have
been killed.
Koss Hollow is a pass between two
sma U mountain ranges about twenty-
eight miles west of Little Rock on
the line of the Choctaw and Memphis
railroad, now under construction from
Little Rock to Howe, I. T. A large
forge of graders has been engaged in
grading the road through the pass,
and, according to the report, it was a
part of this force of men that were
caught under the falling earth. The
reo-oft mnld not be confirmed,
FIREWORKS FACTORY DESTROYED
Explosion and Subsequent Fire Wipe
Out Many Buildings.
Thirty-six buildings, comprising al¬
most the entire plant of the Nordlin-
ger-Oharlton Fireworks company at
Graniteville, Richmond borough, N.
Y., were blown up Thursday afternoon
and the entire fireworks plant practi¬
cally wiped out of existenoe.
Although the fires which followed
the explosion lasted for several hours,
the wreck was complete within a few
minutes. No lives were lost, and but
three persons injured, two of them se-
riously.
ORDER CAUSES KICK.
League of Civil Service Reformers
Protest Against New Rules.
A New York dispatch says: The na¬
tional civil service reform league in a
statement just made public declares
that the order of President McKiuley
of May 29th, changing the civil ser¬
vice rule, is a backward step of the
most pronounced character. is
The order, the League says, a
long succession of violations of both
the spirit and the literal terms of the
law and rules in various branches of
the service.
brighter
p of> Settlement of A laskan
Boundary Question. |
COMMISSION RENEWS WORK
j ;
-
English “ Proposal Promptly J Accepted,
While the American Amend’ ;
I
meut Fails. |
.
i
1
A Washington special says: Late ia
the day Wednesday the officials learn- ■,
th details of the i atest negotia- '
tions in London regarding Alaskan »
boundary ' referred to in cable dia-
Wednesday . and , „ Sec- :
patches , morning,
retary Hay and the'British charge, Mr.
Tower, conferred on the subject. The
details of the proposition were not
made known.
Z".
ify this by saying that the agree-
meut is not yet concluded and that
when concluded it will still leave much
to be settled by future negotiations.
In view of the fact that the protocol
recording the proceedings of the joint
high commission in Washington
FobvnB, 18tl l.et 1„ been m«d«
public in the Canadian JXTZ, legislature,
while an abstract of its contents has
been been also also published published in in London, London, as as
in ' this “ ' country, A the state " 1 “ i ~ department ' 1
bas deemed it proper to give out for
publicaHon^t^e This particular ejithe^ protocol protocoh is regarded
b by portanee, J th the ® department department for it marked as as one^of one the of failure great great of
the commission under peculiar condl-
t.ons.The record shows that the joint
commission me at 10 o’clock that
morning; that the British side propos-
ed arbitration, and that the Americans
accepted the proposition in general,
using it as a Usis for a trea y, as of-
“■> that when the Americans’offer-
ed an amendment the British side
promptly refused to accept it, and
without affording further opportunity
for the erection of an arbitration
trea ty stopped the, negotiations and re-
withstanding . *?.^ e the u gi g of % the J Amei l
can 81 ’
zs: Xc“ , 8 .... u
p «
8
These facts were the basis of tbe
American contention that the Cana-
d ’ ans Dad not afforded a real oppor-
tonity for arbitration and were re¬
sponsible for the disruption of the
joint commission. The points of the
British arbitration proposal and also
of fk® proposition put forward by the
Americans as an amendment have al-
ready been Indicated in the cable dis-
patches and the following points are
: given 88 those upon which importance
i s i a ' d B 16 American side. In put-
ting forward their proposal the British
said:
“They therefore made the following
as a b a8 i 8 to L* e proceeded upon in
framing a treaty.”
Th® attitude of the Americans upon
tt\ i8 j 8 set do w “ as fol tows: “The com-
missioners of , the UVited States main-
an amendment in relation to
the arbitral tribune and a modification
of rule C to make it conform to pres-
“t local conditions m Alaska. The
Bnt \ sb ob ^ ect, ° U8 to tbe Amerlc an
counter-proposals have also been t pub-
“shed and the record on that point
reads:
“Holding these views, the British
commissioners are of the opinion that
no useful end will be served by further
pressing at the present time the nego¬
tiations, and must refer the matter to
their government.”
Militia Organized in Virginia.
Wednesday Governor Tyler of Vir¬
ginia took final steps in the reorganiza¬
tion of the state volunteers, by issuing
an order permitting the reorgani¬
zation of fourteen companies of in¬
fantry.
FISH DEALERS COMBINE.
Handlers of the Finny Tribe In Florida
Join a Pool.
The headquarters of the Florida
Fish Company, just organized, with a
capital stock of $100,000, is in Jack¬
sonville and the incorporators are men
engaged in the business from all parts
of Florida. It is a consolidation of
all the fish interests in the state.
All orders will be handled by the
main office in Jacksonville, and per¬
sons who have for years been fleecing
the fish dealers of the state will now
have tc go out of business or else pay
cash.
A branch office has been established
at Tampa
WRONG nAN ACCUSED.
The Negro Harve Minifee Did Not
Assault Little Leomie Smith.
Citizens of Dallas, Ga., have with¬
drawn the reward offered tor the ar¬
rest of Minifee. It develops that he
is not the negro who committed the
assault on little Leomie Smith.
It is rumored that Minifee was at
work on the railroad above Chattanoo¬
ga at the time the assault was made
on the little Smith girl.
M ' swEENE L SW0RNiN
New Governor of South Carolina
Takes the Oath—Governor
Ellerbe’s Funeral.
At 11:15 o’clock Saturday night in
the parlor of Wright’s hotel, in Co¬
lumbia, 8 C., M. B. McSweeoey was
administered the oatli of the office of
governor of South Carolina. The oath
was administered by Chief Justice
Mclvor and Associate Justices Pope
and Gary.
Governor MoSweeney said only a
few words. He fully realized the re¬
sponsibilities of the office, and he was
to be the governor of the whole
of South Carolina; that wns lus aim.
He sincerely regretted the death of
Governor Ellerbe and most heartily
sympathized with his family. He
had been nrged, be said, to come to
Columbia weeks ago and assume the
duties of governor, but he had not
done knowing that it was the wish
of Governor EUcrbe to die while actual
° ! R * e '
. f k ^
leconc URion o 1 e ’
state officers present, . turn, assured j
m
th nor that he wou ld have their
he arty co-operation. and
E. H. Ault, editor of The News
Herald, of Newberry, S. 0., and pres-
ident of the South Carolina Press As-
=5^555 sociation, has been appointed
| ^, d ^ Methodist preacher There
, ^ The r e were probably
. Th,^iXrment t chiefly neighbors
? took
U. the Httle famil burying
. in . deluded grove ? ‘
Jj,™® „ . jColumbii ,, , ,, . ,
, ,
„ J
' h
.. . .
161 ln 0 ce-
OBJECTED TO DESIGN.
Committee of Q. ^ A. ’ R. Tells Why
Floral Tribut w a s Re , ec ted.
1 ne f^rmy oi rue Republic rvep *
^ab t , en lrSy ^ J on^ccAunto? hav-
i' 1 !? 1 ® 118 ® e e i ve a flmal tribute
P ^d^on Union “graves^in that
Th@ floral committee which re¬
^ emblem has prepare( i a
statement explaining the matter. The
r 6P 0lt says.
“The chairman of the committee, in
XflXld 6 into the formation ofX
When When it it was was learned that
. ^ derat J ray a i )0 ve
aid arm olothed in blue beneath “X;
the Republic entered their protests
against the placing of the emblem up-
on the mound, and it was rejected. ”
NEW MINISTER GREETED.
President Cordially Receives Spanish
Representative D’Arcos.
Diplomatic relations with Spain,
broken off April 21, 1898, were tor-
mally resumed at 11 o'clock Saturday,
when President McKinley greeted
Duc D’Arcos, the newly accredited
minister to the United States, in the
blue parlor of the white house. Si-
multaueously in Madrid, if the pro-
gram was carried out, Bellamy Storer,
the new United States minister to
l-pain, was being presented to Chris¬
tina, the queen regent.
It was a notable oecasaion in the
world’s history—the resumption of
friendly relations beteewn two nations
which had been at war and in the brief
struggle had changed the map of the
world. » The speeches of the occasion
were especially notable. They were
plain spoken and devoid of the usual
hazy diplomatic phraseology.
TUMBLED BY TORNADO.
House Turned Bottom Up, But Inmates
Escape Serious Injury.
A special from Rock Rapids, Ia.,
says: A tornado Saturday night struck
a house occupied by Adolph Juergen-
sen and family, turned it bottom up¬
ward and entirely demolished it. The
family miraculously escaped with but
a few jiainful bruises.
The storm blew down barns and
scooped up earth in several places as
it passed on north into Minnesota.
The path was only a few yards wide.
CONFERRED AT MIDNIQHT.
McKinley, Meiklejohn and Corbin Hold
Secret Meeting.
A Washington special says: Aoting
Secretary of War Meiklejohn and Ad¬
jutant General Corbin had a confer¬
ence with the president after midnight
Sunday night. They were summoned
by the president, it is understood.
What the nature or result of the con¬
ference was can only be conjectured as
yet, as the parties to it declined to dis¬
cuss it.
Mr. Meiklejohn said in response to
all inquiries that there was nothing to
make public and that the subject
under consideration was not of a seri¬
ous character.
STEAMER STILL ON ROCKS.
The Paris Only Changes Her Position
With Shifting Winds.
Advices from Falmouth, Eng., state
that a chauge in the wind has some¬
what shifted the position of the Amer¬
ican liner Paris, now on the rocks
near the Manacles, seriously hamper¬
ing salvage operations. The heavy
sea has stopped the work, which is not
likely to be resumed for a fortnight.
depot matter
TO BE SETTLED
The Georgia Railroad Commission
Issues An Important Order.
SOMETHING MUST BE DONE
Cityof Atlantaand Roads Ordered
To Show Their Hands.
The Georgia state railroad commis¬
sion has taken up the Atlanta passen¬
ger station matter again.
An order was issued Wednesday di¬
recting the railroads and the city to
appear before the board at its next,
regular meeting, on June 27th, and
show their hands.
The commissioners desire to know
what, progress has been made, if any,
by the roads, the city and state to¬
ward solving the problem. The last
time the roads and the city met before
the commission, the latter’s represen¬
tatives asked permission of the board
to return to the city council and con¬
fer over the verbal proposition wbicli
had been made by the roads, and from
that day to this the commission has
not heard anything official from any
of the parties interested
The commissioners are tired of wait¬
ing and now propose to call up the rep¬
resentatives of the city and the roads
and see if an agreement can be
brought about between them. It is
the purpose of the commission to have
the roads make a proposition to the
city in writing, if this can be accom¬
plished. Then it will rest with the
city either to accept or decline the
proposition. In the event the city de¬
clines, it will then be the commission’s
turn to take some definite and positive
action.
At Wednesday's meeting of the com¬
mission Judge Spencer Atkinson offer¬
ed the following, which was adopted:
Ia re, application of the mayor and
council of the city of Atlanta for bet¬
ter depot facilities in the city of At¬
lanta.
Whereas, At a meeting of this com¬
mission held on the 24th day of March
last passed, the above entitled matter
came on to be heard, each of the sev¬
eral railroad companies against whom
complaints were filed being represent¬
ed, and as well as the complainants,
the mayor ami council of the city of
Atlanta, and whereas the hearing of
said matter at the request of the mayor
and council was adjourned in order to
give the authorities of the city of At¬
lanta time for further consideration of
the matters involved, and whereas the
of any conference which may
have been held between tbe said par-
ties has not been communicated t» this
commission, and whereas, the commis¬
sion is of the opinion that sufficient
time has elapsed since said adjourn-
! ment to enable the parties at interest
! to have fully conferred, it is now o*-
! dered,
That the said mayor and council of
the erty of Atlanta, and as well that
the several railroad companies do ap-
pear before this commission at its
( meehng to be held on the 27th day of
June 1899 then and there to make
report of their conference in the prem-
18 ® 8 * and tben and tbere *> enter upon
a ?«^ al consideration of the matters
™ d things invo ved in the several pe-
tltlous flled 111 the above fitated mat ‘
ter.
Let each of the parties be served
with a copy of this order by forward¬
ing the same hy due course of mail.
As the matter stands now, there is
no agreement between the roads and
the city, and there is no immediate
prospect of one being reached. So far
as can be learned, it is not likely that
the roads will be able to submit a
proposition in writing by June 27th.
Indeed, the representatives of some of
the roads are doubtful if all the lines
can unite on any plan looking to the
erection of a new passenger station in
Atlanta. Their interests are so diverse
and the space occupied by the old sta¬
tion is so small that the chances are
not encouraging.
The action of the state railroad com¬
mission looks as though something
tangible would result. In the mean¬
time, the people of the state are taking
a very deep interest in the subject.
All over Georgia the newspapers are
ringing with editorials condemning
the roads, the city and the state for
not getting together and giving At-
iauta a handsome modern station.
DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS
Is Re-Established By Direction of
President McKinley.
By irection of the president, the
acting secretary of war has issued an
order for the re-establishment of the
military department of Texas and the
assignment of Colonel Chambers Mc-
Kibben to tbe Twenty-first infantry to
command of the department. Colonel
McKibben is now on duty at Colum¬
bus Barracks, O.
Adjutant General Corbin states that
there is not the slightest chance, he
thought, of removing tie Department
of the Gulf from Atlanta.
No new adjutant general has been
jppointed for the department as yet.
EVANS SEVERELY CRITICIZED.
O. A. R. flen Disapprove Action of
Pension Commissioner.
Commissioner of Pensions H. Olay
Evans was severely criticized at
Thursday’s session of the state en¬
campment of the Pennsylvania G. A.
R. held at Wilkesbarre, for his recent
action in the matter of pensions. A
resolution was submitted requesting
the national encampment to investi¬
gate.