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PART two. THE OLD AND THE NEW IN THE MIKADO'S EMPIRE. prof. G. Frederick. AV right Gives Details Concerning Visits to a Diamio’s Castle and a Modern Japanese Residence. W M,ve Mon '" ,n 01d ln,ue Fortifications— The Far Ea.tern People, Who „.V solve Ihe Current Chinese Problem. >l llst Have Beep Exeol- Engineer. Many Centuries Ago-Tl.e Castle at Okayama, 1,. Many Boon,* nn.l It. Bea„ tlfllI Park. Whirl, I. Kept la Evrrllent Preservation b y lhe t , (y Wonderfnl Agricultural System Supported by Elal,orate Irrigation. Thc H onsc of T(U . ■hakwan and It. Inr| . p „ n(i Hand _ some Residence ln whlcU Three Oenernti OI) . Dwell. (Copyright, mno, by G. Frederick Wright.) Kobe. Japan, April 30.—Searching for the moraines of the Glacial Period in Ja pan, is disappointing, for there are none. Eut the numerous castles which are fast going io ruin may well be considered as historical moraines, representing the ac cumulations of a period of political and soda! life which has come to an end with in the present generation. These castles were the strongholds of the Eiamios, who correspond closely to the feudal barons of national Europe, ln the flourishing days of the old regime there were about 200 of these in Japan, each one residing in his own well delined territory, where he exercised authority over the- people, and gave support to the Mikado in matters pertaining to the gen eral welfare. Not all of the Diamios were important enough to build castles, r-■ — I ■■ ■ II ■■■■ | - ■— I . CASTLE OF OKAYAMA, FROM ACROSS THE RIVER. but more than 100 did so, and study of these relies is one of the two best ways by which to get a conception of the con dition of the people before Japan’s adop tion of foreign methods in government. The castle at Okayama is one of the few which is both well preserved and open to the public without restrictions. Photo graphers are prohibited from practicing th< ir art in the castles which have been taken under government control. Okay ama is situated near the sea in the south ern half of the Island of Nipon, about SOO miles south of the present capital, Tokio, and about 100 miles south of Ri oto, the old capital. Like most others, the castle is built upon a small river, which furnishes a part of the protection upon one side. Here, about a square mile is inclosed by a massive stone wall, and a broad moat filled with w T ater. In side of the wall and moat are two other inrlrtsures, one within the other, both pro vided with strong walls of solid masonry and protected by broad moats. Still fur ther inside, and crowning all. is the large and picturesque wooden building in which HUGE STONES IN ANCIF.NT JAPANESE FORTIFICATIONS. thp Dlamio and the garrison took refuge In time of war. Massive Fortifications. r M' nt and massiveness of the ■1 innr.ese fort idea lions never fail ur Prithe visitor. The outer tvalls Tokio, which enclose the residence of Emperor, are fully eight miles while the Inner walls would al- measure about as much more. * 'i . mo,ls nr e fully two hundred feet ~K: " oils from fifty to one hundred lbuo. , I;h "odof great thickness. So well u ' arp *hey that, ns the trees growing dirt. ,^ etn show, they have stood for ® r four hundred years with little Okjv rr r*alr. The wooden building of is three hundred years old. tip , sl| rprlslng thing of nil is the the • rilf " ,!lr stones wrought Into t #if ' d 'J\ A specimen of Okayama enn v 1.200 cubic feet, olid would }•(,,/' ;t one hundred and twenty tons, level" have been brought over n lie . " 11 ' v several miles ond set up In the primitive engineering hlt o r V S ,ll ' > tnlddle period of J.ipnnese *''Shh ' st ' oon| l Illustration Is from *' oet "l 1 , ' l ’ we stole In the castle yard Will . 1 ’ 1, '•’he largest stone in the castle nj (v ' ls ls 3 by 20 by 10 feet In size, stone w 1 we igh nbout 3(50 tons. This tnllrj ' l ‘' brought from on Island many fn n C'u • an<l elevated fully 200 feet h 8 ' IO,O Several others were near by being surpassed In size only hick, ; u 1,1 celebrated temple of 800 - Me "ai. , j t '' nrwv al ond erection In cas "ioit .bates that Japan, too, had Its fiery from ,h * summit of this si*- **uty easts* reveals at once the °f tlie situation and the source ■ v ‘lJ*lkre lr , he< * Diamlo's power. As IQ picturesque and lot J&atoantt&j) Mainm® fteg*. ty mountains bound the horizon. But the c;isMe stands in the midst of a fertile valley completely covered with- fields of rke and wheat end barley and rape. \\ hen we were there, in the latter part of April, the plain seemed to be covered with brilliant golden blossoms of this latter important product of the country. From here the mind’s eye could take ln at a glance the former political and social life of the empire. It all rested upon a most elaborate system of agriculture, sup ported by really scientific irrigation. The hills are terraced es far ui> as trie slopes permit, and the valley is intersect ed with canals which convey the life giv ing water to the fields. A dense popula tion of farmers and laborers was necessary to care for these w’orks and provide the necessaries of life. These had no voice in the government, but were completely at the mercy of the Diamio and his re tainers. The retainers formed a military class, called Samurai, who alone were permitted to bear arms, but who had no reguiar pay for their services. They were, however, supported by their chief, and were kept continually about his person. Adjoining the castie there was an exten sive and beautiful park, where this court usually lived, resorting to the castle only in time of danger. A Stroll Through the Ca.tle. The park at Okayama is still kept up by the city authorities. The castle grounds are now occupied by the public school buildings: but the wooden castle is in pri vate hands and is fast passing into decay. An hour's stroll through its deserted halls is most impressive and instructive. The timbers of the frame work are of immense proportions. The living rooms are all in the interior and numerous enough to ac commodate a great multitude after the Japanese style of living. There are no chimneys. The Japanese, depend wholly on braziers for warming their rooms. (When a Japanese warms his hands he thinks he is warm all over.) Around the outside are the windows through which the whole surrounding country can be seen and through which missiles could be discharged upon an enemy that should get within close range. Broad shelves to hold the shields and small armor completely surround the outer halls, while racks to contain the swords, and standing places for their long bows and spears were Inter spersed ai appropriate Intervals. In one room was a large collection of elegant sedan chairs, suspended upon poles, and made to be carried by men at each end. In them the DJamlos and their court could travel around the country In luxurious ease'. In olden times the routes of travel were among tlie crests of moun tains, when they were not too high and too rugged. One thing to the lasting credit of these old time barons was their love for the beauties of nature. This Is still visible, not only In the adornment of their cas tles and of the parks surrounding them, but in the long lines of pine trees which mark the old roads of Japan. Often these can be seen from afar, along the crest of some mountain ridge, wfiere the trains of the Diamios wound their slow length along as they went to pay court to the Emperor at his central place of residence. The Joy of such Journeys, to those who love natur al scenery, as the Japanese do, goea far to compensate for all the discomforts of such travel In other respects. When one rides through the contracted valley. In the stuffy railroad coaches of the present regime end breathes the dense clouds of tobacco smoke that fill first and third class coaches alike, he Is willing to grant that not all the blessings of life In Japan are with the present generation. Home of n Japanese Danker. The house of Talshskwan Is one of the oldest In Japan. Its present head Is Kl wobnta, one of the wealthiest bankers In Osaka. Through the kindness of one of the foreign ph/slUamt ot the place, .who had b A VANN AH, GA., SUNDAY, JULY 15, 1900. been frequently consulted by them in cases of dangerous illness, 1 was permitted to visit the Taishakwan residence and to ex amine its numerous objects of interest. Such an opportunity is so rare that it is worth describing. Tcf begin with, it should be remembered that the family are Buddhists of the strictest type. Two immense golden fish, twelve feet long, adorn the highest corners of the roof. The house stands upon a conspicuous bluff, commanding the city, the surrounding fertile plain and the en circling mountains in the distance. I have called it a house, but it is rather a .series of low buildings connected by ve randas, all surrounding a Japanese garden on the side hill nearly an acre in exfent. In this garden there is every imaginable variety of dwarfed and flowering trees and shrubs, and of landscapes in minia ture. really making a world in itself. Fam ily life is strong in Japan, and often sev eral generations dwell together under one roof. In this household there were 110 members. We were met at the door by servants. They summoned, the two sons, who at present have general superintend ence of the house and grounds. These were pleasant mannered young men who had been educated in the Buddhist schools of the city and had never been far away from home. According to Japan custom, we took off our ehoee at the doors and then w'ere shown around through the be wildering congeries of richly mailed rooms in which everything was scrupulously clean. We went down stairs and up stairs, and through sliding doors innumerable until we lost all sense of direction. There we looked Into a most georgeous Buddhist shrine where the master of the house pays his .daily devotion. There we. passed through a room with the national bird, an enormous stork, carved on the. ceiling, and stretched from one side to the other. We were shown two rooms where the Emperor and Empress are entertained when visiting the city. In another room the furniture was five hundred years old. Aesthetic Art in Everyday Life. From the sitting rooms on various sides and at various flights, we caught glimpses Of the garden and of elegantly attired la dies of the household wandering through its mazes; and ever and anon had broader view's of the city and plain and mountains beyond. Aesthetic art could go no fur ther. Beauty and homely comforts were combined in perfection. The sleeping rooms all opened from the second story with sliding doors upon the sunny garden enclosure. We were to take a train early In the afternoon and were getting nervous. We were sure we should miss it. But still we were led on and on. until at length we brought up in a house theater, richly or namented, and large enough to accommo date several hundred sitting on their feet in Japanese fashion. Then, for the first time, we saw chairs. Four were set out for the benefit of the foreigners, and soon a table was brought in and placed before us, and we were served to some dainty cups of tea, which we hoped was all, for there was still barely time to catch the train. But, no, there was more to follow, and it would not do to be so rude as to decline the proffered hospitality. One af ter another of the ladies of the house hold (not servants) brought us successive dishes of food cooked in foreign fashton, until an hour had been consumed in par taking of them. We missed the train, but we had the pleasure of being waited upon by a succession of Japanese ladies from those of middle age and dignity, to girls of charming ways, not more than 12 years of age. The last course was a plate cov ered with envelopes containing flight gifts from which we were to choose at random. Mine was a small bronze image of the god of wealth. At the door, the ladies of the house surrounded us and assisted us in putting on our overcoats and shoes, and showered upon us their pleasant smiles as we rode away in our jinrick shas. We w r ere not sorry that we missed the train. O. Frederick White. NOW IS THE TIME WHEN YOU CAN MOST SPEEDI LY BE CURED. Dr. J. Xetvlon Hathaway Call* At tention to a >1 o*it Important Fact in the Treutinent of Chronic Diseases. 'J. SKWTOW W 'ATl.*',v AT. *Di Tlie Oldest Kalalilif.lie.l Specialist In tlie South. In these summer months the doctor has all the advantage of the aid which nature can give toward curing diseased conditions. As Dr. Hathaway has fully demonstrated, nature alone does not and cannot euro chronic diseases, but in these months of life and growth nature greatly aids the specialist In his work. The vitality of man, as well as of plants, wanes with the fall and reaches its low est ebb during the winter. Now ts tho time to be cured. One month's treatment now ts worth two months later on. One of the reasons for Dr. Hathaway’s success Is that he cures his patients quickly; he does not keep them along from month to month simply for the sake of fees. A quickly-cured patient to Dr. Hathaway means the spreading of his fame. No man who has Varicocele or Stric ture. or Blood Poisoning, or Genlto-TTrl nrrry disease or weakness of any kind should allow it to go for one week with out expert trealtmnt. Write Dr. Hatha way about your symptoms, or for a symptom-blank to 1111 out, if you cannot call at his office. You can have the full benefit of his ex amination and advice without any cost. If you put your case in his hands you will receive the most expert treatment of the greatest of specialists at a very moderate cost. And you will be cured. Dr. Hathaway treats all forms of chronic diseases and all thlr complica tions. He treats his patients to cure them, and so they slay cured. J. REWTOV HATHAWAY, M. D. Dr. Hathaway & Cos., 25A Bryan street. Savannah. Offlce Hours—9 to 12 m., 2 to 5 and 7 to 8 p. m. Sundays 10 a. m, to i p. m. Ladies’ Patent Leather Belts. One inch Patent Leather Belts or Shaped Patent Leather Belts Pulley Patent Leather Belts fcACH One more week of these MID-SUMMER NECESSITIES for the home. Hun dreds of people are taking advantage of these really low offerings. Ask your neigh bors what they think of their purchases, and, like them, secure all the furniture you want now, at these mid-summer prices, and not join the mad rush in the fall. Our Busy Basement. 4-qunrt Oil Stove Tea Kettles, worth 25e, at 10c. 0-quart Enameled Saucepans, worth 29c, at 15c. 6-quart Milk Pane, worth 25c, at 10c. Tin Muffin Pans, any size, worth 13c to 34c, at 10c. Dippers, wood handles, worth sc, at 3c. Household Hatchet, large size, worth 19c, at sc. Tack Hammers, large size, worth sc, at 3 cents. No. 6 Galvanized Iron Wash Boilers, oval shape, worth 60c, at 39c. Nos. 7 and 8 Iron Tea Kettles, worth 49c, and 59c, go at 29c. Iron Porcelain aTC~ Preserving attics, 5, 6 and V II 10-quart, worth v.— 29c, 39c and 59c, go at I9c, 25c and 39c. Fancy Wood Salt Boxes, worth 25c, at 15 cents. Tin Spice Sets, six boxes and tray, worth 19c set, go at 8c set. Water Coolers, worth $1.25 and $1.50, two and three gallons, go at 89c and $1.19. Ladies’ Shirt Waists. | We will offer to-morrow, and as long as they last. TWO SPECIAL LOTS at half and less than half I price. LO T No. I—soo Ladies’ Percale, Madras and Ginghams Shirt waists, worth up to §1.25. Monday jUC LOT No. 2—600 Ladies’ Shirt Waists, this season’s styles, white and colored, in Lawns, Piques, Madras and Ginghams, worth up to $2.25. nn To-morrow Oli UU Two remarkable offerings of women’s Rainy-day Skirts. , Linen and Denim Skirts, ' SI.OO. Handsomely stitched Oxford, Brown and Black Cheviot Skirts, $4.98. 200 Ladies’ White Duck Skirts, felled seams, deep hem and inverted pleat back, price $1.75, at Rare Price News of Girls’ Summer Dresses. The opportunity came to buy about two hundred dresses at a half and some at a third of their worth. The same opportu nity is yours to-morrow. One lot at ' SI.OO j One Lot at $1.50 Ladies’ Muslin Underwear A Rare Chance at 50c One lot slightly soiled Corset Covers, Gowns, Skirts, Chemise, Drawers and Dressing sacques, regular SI.OO, at 50c. Specials. Satin and gtos-grain Ribbons, all colorings Nos. 7,9, 1-. 16 and 22 Sc yd Black Velvet Ribbons, linen back, Nos. 5 to 22; your rholce 5c }d Colored Satin Back Velvet Ribbon, all new colorings. Nos. 1 and I<4 3c yd Taffeta and Silk Pongee Ribbons for neck and dress (rimming., Noe. 5 and 7, Sc yd All-silk Taffeta Ribbons, in all colors, plain and fancy, No. 80, 414 Inches wide 15c yd All-silk satin and gros-grain fancy polka dot and plain colors. Nos. 60 and 80 25c yd Remnants Skirt Cambrics, pick them out at yd Lawn and Glace Lining. 36 Inches wide, all colors, regular price 10c and 12c. :6c yd SI.OO Ladles' and Gents' 26-inch Umbrel las, lot tain or thine, while they ktst He BROUGHTON & BULL" STS. Mid-Summer Necessities. @lf you have not placed your order for one of-these North Star cork filled Refrige rators or Ice Boxes, we would suggest that you note carefully the completeness of this particular make, also the special reduction in prices as quoted. These are all guaranteed dry air, odorless and cork filled. Refrigerators, Like Cut, $9.98. North Star Ice Boxes, to hold 50 pounds Ire, sells for $ fi.<K reduced to $ 3 OR North Star Ice Boxes, to hold 75 pounds Ice, sells for4<S.<w, reduced to 6-48 North Star Ice. Boxes, to hold 100 pounds Ice, sells fdk 10.00, reduced to 8.50 North Star Ice Boxes, to hold 150 i>ounds Ice, sells for $14.00, reduced to 11.00 North Star Ice Boxes, to hold 250 pounds Ice, sells for SIB.OO, reduced to 13.50 North Star Refrigerators, to hold 40 lb.-.. Ice, sells for $14.50, reduced to 9.08 North Star Refrigerators, to hold 00 lbs. Ice, oe-lls for $16,50, reduced to 12.08 North Star Refrigerators, to hold 100 lbs. Ice, sells for $22.00, reduced to 15.08 North Star Refrigerators, to hold 125 lbs. Ice, sells for s2s.uu, reduced to 19.50 There is a great pleasure when xJSSfSiSiv you have bought a Go-Cart or Car riage at a fair price to know that you have the best, not best in name _ m _/T only, but best in wear and beauty. ’Tis the greatest pleasure, however, when you have secured that one at i the price of the cheapest made. ,) \ These are guaranteed from wheel to J handle. Note the price, VwL Go-Carts (like cut) $7.85. xU* Covert Cloth Carriage, large body, rub ber tires (no nuts to loose), patent foot brake, pongee silk adjustable parasol, Sells for $10.50; reduced to $5.98. Turkish Cloth Carriage, large reed borly, rubber tires* (no nuts to loof*e), patent foot brake, silesia parasol, ruffled edge, wood wheels, , Sells ior $12.50; reduced to $7.48. A fine Baby Blue Silk Plush Carriage, extra large body, fancy reed, new style and finish silk parasol, lace cover, rubber tires (no nuts to loose). Sells for $20.00; reduced to $13.98. YOU HIJH H This fine Goldfcn Oak Suit, much s|l*j larger than any ever offered, con (gjja tains 12 pieces, dresser with extra ggr large French Bevel Mirror, nicely carved, wash stand, extra high bed, * our cane c^la ’ rs > one cane rocker ** towel rack, center table, woven wire spring and mattress. Sells for $40.00, OOd hfi Reduced to u/titU i,TI Canopy Beds, Iron, White Enamel, very pretty design, made in double or three- D l , quarter widths, canopy for mosquito net in f summer and drapery in winter. Has an jßfßfljinijr i all-iron spring, and sells for QQ 515.50. Reduced to OJiuU qfrjfrJyTnf jf Ijj Canopy Beds are all the “rage.” We °^ er a T> eaut y ln white and a great deal 0 f fancy brass trimmings, double width,, with an all-iron spring. Sells for $25.00, ftir QQ Reduced to OlJiuO r ; 7, This rich Golden Oak Dresser, with ’ French Bevel Mirror, three Drawers, ),M small top, brass trimmed. Sells tf(Q QQ *° r Reduced to VUidU A fine Golden Oak Dresser, with .Jqhnppfl French Bevel Mirror, handsomly carved, new shape tops. Sells QQ QQ ligfligf,f° r $13.50. Reduced to OU*dU ifi ' fcrv j| Golden Oak Chiffonier, five drawers, brass trimmed, well made. Sells QP I Q for SB.OO. Reduced to uJitO 58 Cane Seat VhuSS| Chairs left from ||H I last week’s sale, ypj. Golden Oak,brace like cut. tyggT Sells for 51.25. Reduced to f ‘ t 69c. \aKjf This Child’s High ivj® Chair, strong, well made, in oak finish JLLK or colors. Sells for 85c. Reduced to 39c Child’s Chair to match tbe OQ n above. Sells lor 75c. Reduced to L J u Earga Reed Go-Cart, with large foot or dash board, turned up In front. Sells for $4.00; reduced to $2.48. Large Fancy Go-Cart * with large splasher, foot brake and patent handles, Sells for $5.50; reduced to $3.25. A large roomy Sleeper Go-Cart, can be used by infant a month old, rubber tires (no nuts to loose), adjustable, fool break, Sells for $12.00; reduced to $6.98. Legs, Polish Finished Top, sells for $7.50, reduced to. $4.98. Folding Child’s Cribs, with woven wire bottom, drop sides, sells for $6 00, reduced to §3.69. trrrm. This Double Wov en Wire Cot, 3 1 t rows, spiral sup port, sells lor $2.50, reduced to $1.48 PAGES 11 TO 20. $2.00 oxftds $1.29 Ladies’ Serviceable 'Oxfords, in Brown and Black Dongola, with solid leather soles, kid | nn lined oJ.Zd Wash Goods. Solid Color Black Lawns.. 'i _ Figured Lawns | \ n White Check Nainsook ! L I Solid Color Challies M Solid Color Crepons |ll J Striped Black Ground Crepons J Printed Challies, ) Shirting Calicoes, ' JjJ n L ar Q^P JO-in, While InJlu I POCC 3C, 04u Lawn J 40-inch White Victoria Lawns, 71 regular price 12 %z | 2u Satin Striped India Lawns, 1 li very sheer, 15c quality.. 9Uu 68-inch White French Organ- nn n dies, sold the world „ t ov "c. jJjlj 48-inch French Nainsook nn n reduced to jSJ(J English Long Cloths, 12 vards in piece, and worthsl.7s; ni nr per piece OliZO Sheets, ready for use, large cn ft enough for double beds, each JjU Yard, wide Bleached Shirting, r n regular price j(J Yard-wide Fruit of Loom Q3 n Shirting, regular prlrc U4U White Corded Pique and White India Lawn, satin stripe, regular ft n price Jj(j Large size Turkish Bath Towels, 15c value lUU 54-inch Halt-Bleached All- Qr ft Linen Damask, 50c value. . Jj(j 5-8 Damask Napkins, $1.25 nc ft value, dozen jJD Crochet Bed Spreads, si.(>o cn quality. DUC Soaps and Toilet Articles At Cut Prices, Roger & Gallon's Fine Family 50ap..120 Mermen** Rorated Talcum Powder ...12Vfco Packer's Tar Soap 150 4711 White Rose ‘Glycerine Soap 120 White Egg Soap 70 Complexion Po-wder, white or pink, box * 3o Antiseptic Tooth Powder, tin box 4o Ha by Talcum Powder, perfumed, tin box. sprinkling lop 4c Imported Tooth Brushes 4o Pino'Tar Soap, cake.. Craddock's Medicated Soap 100 Dr. Lyon's Tooth Powder 17© Hair Brushes, back 80 Large Bottle Witch Hazel 9o Perfumed Ammonia 90 Shaving Brushes 60 NOTIONS. Black Jet Head Steel Pins, box 3o Black Spool Silk, guaranteed quality.. So Safety Pins, good quality, 2 papers for. 3c English Pins, warranted brass wire. needle poinln, assorted sizes 5o Worsted Braid, roll ]c English Tape, roll i c Good Needles, paper i 0 Feather Stitch Braid, white and col ors, 5-yard pieces 4c Best Sewing Cotton, .pool 2o Featherweight Dress Shields, pair Klo Book News, 2d Floor. “To Have and to Hold." Mary E. John ston. "James Meredith.” Paul I*. Ford. "Prisoners of Hope,” Mary E. Johrv ston. "A Gentleman Player." Robert Wilaon Stephens. "An Enemy to the King,” Robert Wil son Stephens. "When Knighthood Was in Flower,” Caskoden. ‘ Richard Carvel," Winston Churchiil. “The Jessamy Bride," F. Frankfort Moore. "Unleavened Bread." Robert Grant. “The Cardinal’s Muskeeter," Taylor. This fine Canvas Trunk, with straps, a!¥ brass trimmed. 34 inches, only 53.98. With extra tray, 75c additional. A fine assortment of the better grades of Trunks. Hat Trunks. Hat Boxes, Dresa, Suit Caaea, Cabin Bags and Telescopes shown on balcony, first floor. Genuine Leather Cabin Bags, Linen Llneid, Brass Trimmed. • 11-In. 12-In. 13-in. 14-in. 15-ln. 31.29. 11.39. 11.55. 91.66. *1.75. Trunk Straps, each '. £>o Shawl Straps, each i9o