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8 THE WOMAN IN WHITE. MIE IS A REFRESHING VISION TO THE HEATED EYE. Some Pretty ('Onrrim in Dress for Women AVbo Try Autumn Moiin taln ( limbing—Wonderful Oppor tunities Offered by file Shop* Jn*t Now In the Way of Silk Sale*, nml Advice in to IV lint the Wine Wornnn llnyn for Future 1 ne. New York. Aug-. 17.—The- haunts of fashion are very gay with wash dre??‘* g exclusively, or dreset's that would w ish were they not so encrusted with really precious embroideries and costly lores or expensive ribbons. On the whole, the golfing girl only js sincere in her protes tations of simple utility as to dress. She i Worn by plucky girls who spend August climbing mountain*. goes on the fair green in white, chiefly, and if ahe affects a touch of color, it is Just a touch, and to pink or green she give© her preference. There is a sketch of a typical, bare-headed, washable put ting champion ess given this week that brings out strongly the points her ad mirable type so loves to emphasize. She Is all in white, save for tiny green lines etriping her French linen shirt waist. Her skirt Is of white jeans, one of the new wash skirtings of this season ond her necktie is in the coachman's plastron shape of white linen birdseye. In her Suggestions for late summer dressee. cuffs are little green enamel links ami there Is no doubt that she Is u refreshing vision to the heated eye as she floats like a cloud over the green links that serve to set her off. The Itliakl Girl. The woman 1n white has a rival and only one. Ph'- Is the girl who affects mohair and golfs In very Interesting 1 Khaki brown, blue and green mohair gulls, nil strapped end etitched. and she argues that she is as pleasant a figute to contemplate and far. far less expen sive. Her light weight, cool gowns shed the dust and grime, while the pique sylph is the bondwoman of her laundress. It is a well-known fact that the amount of money and cajolery neces sary during a single summer to persuade one's washwoman to keep one’s white wardrobe up to the mark, would suffice to purchase a house and lot. When at one summer resort last month the nine ma donnas of 'the tub struck work, not for higher wages, but for a needed rest. 10 per cent, of the young ladiea of the hot**l were obliged to remain in their rooms un til the laundresses’ rest was over and wringers and irons were hard at it again. This is not the way with the mohair clad maiden, for her shirt waist and her tain o’ahanter are made of the same goods as her skirt, and. though her apparel is guaranteed to wash like a tea cup, it only goes to the tub once in the season. For flic tiirl Who Climbs. Up to the mountain fastnesses, when mohair and pique arc laid by for the easy Joys of a climbing toilet, some interesting vagaries of fashion are made manifest. For instance, it is a novel bit of coquet try to wear mountain dresses of gray blue. Twilled French flannel, the skirt cut and finished like a golf petticoat and heavily corded with six close set cording* at the top of the deep hem. . This skirt comes barely to the knees, while the bloomers beneath fit over them with straps and buckles, clasping the leg Just below the knees. These bloomers are not very full nor does their fullness fall so far over the strap as to obscure the fact that it is In reality a wash ellk garter which holds the bottom of the bloomer and top of hose firmly together, and at the outside of the leg a small quaint buckle of brilliants twinkles. Pometlmrs the buckles are square, sometlmts oblong and very often heart shaped, and to set off their brightness, ihe garter Is of black or dark blue. Of course, the metal setting of the brilliants has to be occasionally rubbed up with a THE MORNING NEWS: SUNDAY, AUGUST 10, 1900. powder to preserve it from the dust of long tramps up the hillside. t oqiietricx for IlntherK. Dozens of pretty girls who dearly love the water, but none the less mean to pre serve the whip ness of their arms, wear sort-sleeved b.ith ng dresses, w th long white or black li le gloves, and a girl in white with blai k hr sand glov sand a back head handkerchief i? a str.king, and not In the 1-ast, an unattractive ob ject. They do. by the way. make very pretty head dresses for bathers, and why they never thought to do s> before is a mys tery r.o wcm.rn ran solve. Hitherto sea nymphs bought oiled silk mob caps, over which they tied such handkerchiefs as thMr taste sug.esteJ. This season in the shot s they sell the most chic and be om ing water proof capotes that give cne the susi ii n that they com l - from Trcuvil e or Dinurd by way of Pari-. The water pro f frnrre cf the cap tits the head closely and then on this is disposed p-ach red wash si k in loops and foils, con cluding in a bow and ends in front, or a The golf girl in white jeans skirt nnd shirt of green and white. lovely Persian patterned handkerchief is twisted with infinite taste about an oiled silk crown, its ends brought to the ciown of the head and gathered into a quaint top knot. Some of these caps have orna ments cut from pale pinks, or rich red coral, and some, let it lx? softly whis pered. are fringed at back and front with inexpensive curls that soften the framing of the face, and yet save the wearer’s ow’n valuable and possibly straight hair from injurious contact with the water. Wlmt to Huy in the Dog Day. The emptiness of the shops and a sup ply in actual excess of the demand has run the price of foulards down to a point where the best of these always attractive silks is within the reach of any woman. The very fact that the merchants are sacrificing this stock seems ominous of a marked change in the manufacture of light silks. Very evidently, foulards have run their course, n novelty on us. Be that as i.t may, a good foulard is a valua ble possesion, and now is the time to make $2 cover the ground of six. and if anybody won'ts to know what to do with a soft silk, let her cast her eye on the group sketch of which the chief figure Is a girl in soap bubble patterned foulard. The charming silk waist is see on a yoke of white muslin relieved by ruchings, and white muslin flounce** adorn the bottom of the skirt. A skillful amateur could very easily make a gow'n on this model with her own hands. There is another prominent dress in this group that shows into what agreeable conceits w f hi<e serge can be wrought. Some of thebe' serges have a strong in fusion of silk in thin warp or woof, and they are made attractive with switchings it white or in colors. Some Xew Centnry Styles. They say, the wise ones, that this first autumn of our new century is going to be made notable with novelties. We are booked to wenr arrange dress waists cut very like the coats of men's evening suits, with what are called shawl rovers, .and tremendously long tails, somewhat on the atyle of Directory coats that can be re called as very much the mode ten years ago. We are also promised shorter skirts and wider hat brims, and sleeves show ing plainer and closer on the shoulder and bigger and fuller down by the w'ris't. Amid thoee rumors is one to the effect that red in many tones will be the winter color for the gruesomcly appropriate rea son thnt this has been a year of bloody wars. All these are but rumors, however, and whn't stands as a fact is the success ful invention of n new goods called elec tricity vloth. because it owes its being to the genius of <mr new-found force. It Is a cloth with a pile like velvet, and is bound to have a larger following than has been given to the popular panne, which this new goods is not in the least like. Guy I'nrasol* for Walks nml Drives. In their various manifestations, the check, and four other novelties are faith fully set forth In an accompanying pic ture. AI the top of the panel a newr flounced sun-shndo is given. This is com posed of four full deep frills of white silk muslin, on a white frame and every frill edged with a clear corn flower blue FAttn selvage. Parasols of the same type can be had in pale green with deep ! loaf green satin or water* and selvages, and, though the idea of the beflounoed sun j shade has been used often before, its execution this time is quite Individual to our season. Below the shelter of flounces is another sun-shade shield of flowered | chiffon frllis, running at the base of [ heavy satin points that extend from the ferrule end down. This is the popular parasol for a grand out-door occasion, and its prototypes figure conspicuously on Newport lawns. Two hardy show win dow blossoms l*-low these are made of a new material, b ovy oiled Japanese paper, In rich cream tones and fancifully fig ured In very Nipponesque designs. They resist the effect of sea air and the color devouring glance of the sun. You can e’en bathe them in the briny deep and their shining skins of oil save them from the least harm. That ia why the inex pensive summer girl affords two or three of ihem, because they coac very little and some pf them are os artistic as a good piece of real old blue, or a mus mes kimona. Mary Dean. IHINEAb POOR FOLKS. The Proportion Is n Thousand to One iu the Flowery Kingdom. A rich Chinaman wears silk, a poor one cotton. Since the proportion of rich to poor is about one in a thousand, it fol- lows that the growth and manufacture of cotton are vital necessities. It is thought cotton culture was begun in the thirteenth century, the plant coming in from India, where it has been known for 2.000 years. In spito of her unequaled agriculture China does not raise cotton for export— nor in fact enough for her own needs. In the growth and manufacture of it. as in everything else, the aim is not. as in these United Slates, to save hand labor, to use as much of It as possible. There are no powor-gins for taking out the seed. In stead. the Chinese use the little hand-gins very like those still to he found in the homespun regions' of the Appalachian Smart sun shades. chain. The gin Is nothing more than a couple of small wooden rollers, made fast in uprights affixed to n bench. They are turned by a wooden crank, revolve one against the other, and free the cotton of seed by drawing the lint through the nar row space i>etween. The lint is fed to them by band, and It taken a long and steady day’s work to gin five pounds of lint—which means twenty pounds of cotton 111 the seed. The cotton U carded simultaneously {w ith 0 \ L~{ * GUARANTEES g 0 LIEBIG company’s “S7fi&? r | BEWARE OF m JC/ST AS GOODS* | the ginning. A second man stands at the end of the bench beating the clean cotton with the tee-kung. or earth bow. into big, flaky "bats.” These bats the women spin in various ways. Sometimes they use the old-fashioned spinning wheel. Much often er it is something approximating the an cient distaff. The spinner twirls it stead ily. walking around and around as she twirls, thus winding the lengthen ing thread into very long hanks. If it is epun and run into broaches or quills, they are often reeled with a hand-reel. Chinese Industry indeed is an inveterate as Chi nese economy. Women usually work at such reeling while they stand at gossip in the alley-ways between their houses. If there is no reel handy they will be stitch ing upon a shoe-sole, always a salable ar ticle. Bare feet are unknown in China. Even a beggar wears shoes, though he may have no other clothing than the head bowl. which serves both as a hat and to hold out when there is a chance of alms. Nothing is wasted in China. Even grass and wheat roots nre pulled up, washed, dried and used for fuel. Scraps of paper* and cloth are pasted together to make the in-soles of shoes. Bits of wood are glued to build up either n board or a post. Women spinners and straw-plaiters earn two cents a day. The spinning, though, is most commonly like the weav ing at the hand looms, only a part of un paid household labor. Machine-made cloth and thread have of late come to bear heavily upon the cotton workers, but that fact Is in a degree offset by the. growing import of raw cotton. Still some of the light yellow hand-made fabric, known the world over as nankeen, from the city of export. Nankin, is shipped abroad. It 1s made from a peculiar yel low staple cotton, hence not dyed. The same yellow staple cotton is grown and manufactured by Arcadians in Louisiana, but The fabric is so coarse it does not compete with the Chinese one. Five dollars a year will clothe a Chinese husband and wife something more than decently. Underwear is unknown—so is fitting a garment. The only measures taken are from the hip to the ground, and from the middle of the breast to the finger tips. Fashions do not change. Winter garments nnd bedding are wadded with cotton. Once a year they must be ripped apart and washed, padding and all. How needful is economy may be judg ed from a few figures. Unskilled laborers are paid upon nn averafge 7 cents a day. Masons, carpenters and stone cutters, here as elsew’here, The aristocracy of la bor. get from 25 to 50 cents a day. Work begins at sunrise and keeps up until dark. Notwithstanding all which strikes are virtually unknown, and the Chinese laborer is the happiest and most contented in all the world. FLOGGING ENGLISH ROYS. They Hove No Sense of Personal In jury When Thrashed. London, Aug 10.—Public opinion has at various times expressed itself against the corporal punishment of boys as degrading and brutalizing, but the use of the birch rod has at all times been considered an important factor in the imparting of knowledge in all the great public schools of England. The system of flogging, like fagging, still exists though in a lesser degree than in former years. In the time of Queen Elizabeth and dur ing her residence at Windsor Castle, sev eral hoys ran away from the school to es cape flogging, and the subject w’asi dis cussed at the royal table In the presence of the great Queen, by Lord Burleigh, Sir Richard Sackville and the celebrated Roger Ascharo, whose famous treatise on discipline, “The Schoolmaster,” was the result of the discussion. Sir Richard Sackville at the same time, declared that “an over zealous master had driven all love of learning from him by fear of beating.” This severe discipline is not displeasing to English parents who look upon a sto ical demeanor a a a very important part of their son’s education. After a famouns rebellion at Eton some years ago, England’s greatest school (by reason of the number of illustrious men she had sent forth), when the boys had wreaked their vengeance on he whipping block, and fled from the school in a body, their parents, members of some of the greatest families, insisted on some of tho leaders returning to receive the inevitable flogging before the inevitable expulsion. English boys will stand flogging, and have no notion of Injured personal honor on that score, no matter what modern theorists may hold, and many of them would prefer a thrashing to tim laborious task so frequently imposed on them. Eton sent forth more of the subsequent ly “illusiirlous” under the twenty-four years of the iron rule of I)r. Keate, known os the "flogging master.” than she did at any other period of her existence. This head master of Eton could not be described as a Rugby boy once desig nated the greatest of modern schoolmas ters. The iad wrote to his father: “I shall be home next week. I did not do it. 1 know' who did. Of course I can’t peach, but, if Dr. Arnold knew it I shouldn't have to go. He’s a beast, but he’s n Just beast.” Tho letter was sent to Dr. Arnold and there tvas no expulsion; which is the most terrible event in the life of a public school boy, as nil the universi ties, ho army, the navy, the church are all closed to n guilty pupil who has been expelled from school. Thus the follies of a boy are more heavily visited them tie* sins of a mail. Dr. Rente gave no quar ter and was not over particular about Identity, consequently a boy occasion ally suffered unjustly. The expediency with which Keate did execution was . matter of some pride amongst the schol ars. On one memorable occasion, when eighty of them absented themselves from roll call, without permission, in order to attend one of their t>oat suppers, he flog ged the whole batch of them promptly, vigorously and effectively between mid night and 1 p. m. Kinglnke. who was one of Keate’s pu pils. described him as “a great scholar, an eloquent poet. <i capital teacher, and he humorously adds, “one whom you could not hold lightly—for he had the pluck cf ten bnttaliotiM and had flogged half tho ministers, secretaries, bishops and gen erals of the country.” If the succes# of a school may lx* judged by the number of aristocratic scholars, it may Iw* of inter est to note that “this dispenser of woe” numbered amongst hi* pupils, sixteen dukes, fifteen marquises, more than fifty earls, two prime ministers, with viscounts, barons, and baronets by the dozen, and flogged pretty much the whole lot. —For some time post tvorkrnen have been engaged in pulling down the mound on the north ride of Cardiff castle, and constructing a maasslve wall on tne site of the Homan foundation, end now three, quarters of the northern rampart has been laid bare. The discovert*# made tend lo throw n great deal of fresh light upon the condition of Cardiff castle in Roman times. ROYALTY AND CIGARETTES. El BOPEAX ai EEXS WHO SMOKE AS A MATTER OF- COI RSB. Their Majesties of England. Russia, Germany, Holland, Saxony and Sweden, Are Sternly Opposed to the I • of Tobacco Ly Women—The Frlucens of Wales Officially Sanc tioned Cigarettes of Sandringham by Offering Them at a. Woman’s Dinner, and Princes* Louise Makes \o Secret of Her Devotion to the Soothing Weed. Washington, Aug. 17.—Her Majesty, the Queen of England, has an intense horror of smoking, for men quiie as much as lor women. The weed is prohibited at Windsor Castle and at Balmoral. The lady has been known to cause her secre tary to address letters to various cabinet ministers complaining of the aroma of tobacco with which official documents submitted for her signature were impreg nated. Her august son, the Prince of Wales, pays her but few visits on this account. He is an inveterate smoker, and is sel dom without a cigar between his lips. The one reason why he leases a mansion every summer at Ascot for the race week at an expense of $20,000. merely for the few days, is because Her Majesty declines to loan him her castle for the time, unless he promises that there shall be no smoking cn the part of himself, his friends, or his attendants. Of the Queen’s daughters, only the Princess Louise smokes regularly, but the Princess of Wales and the Princess Maud of Denmark, are accustomed to indulge in an occasional cigarette. Tt was in 1882, that cigarette smoking among ladies received official sanction— 'he Princess of Wales put them on the table, or had them passed with the cof fee, at a dinner given to women only. Queens nnd Their Tobacco. Eleven Queens use tobacco. The Dow ager Empress of Russia, Queen Olga of Greece. Queen Olga of Wurtemberg, the Queens of Hungary and Belgium, the Queen Regent of Spain. Queen Amelie of Portugal. Queen Marguerite of Italy, Car men Svlva. the Roumanian Queen, Queen Natalie of Servia and the Queen of Egypt. The late Empress of Austria used to smoke thirty cigarettes a day. The Queen of Ttaly is said to have declared that her cigarette is more essential 10 her comfort than anything else in life; she always smokes in solitude.. The Quoen of Spain, when at work, is seldom with cut an Egyptian cigarette between her Hp* or in a box close at hand. Tt is the special privilege of “Bubi” (young Alphonse XIII) to light the cigareTtes for his mamma. “When the little King be comes old enough to reign over a nation, he will have no Havana.” The Dowa ger Empress of Russia only smokes in her boudoir. Queen Natalie is devoted •to the weed. The Queen of RoumanJa carries a little golden- box filled wiih cig arettes. The Queen of Portugal gets her cigarettes from Dresden: her mother, the Com* ess© le Paris, is addicted to mild Havanas of delicious flavor, and she is a source of considerable fortune to her dealer in smoking outfits, as she usee only those which are most rare and costly. Queen Olga of Greece, who Is a Rus sian Grand Duchess, and Queen Olga of Wurtemhurg, also a Russian, are mem bers of royalty who burn cigarettes. I* is quite a matter of course in Russia that ladle* smoke. The members of the court, however, have been requested by the Czarina Alexandra Feodorovna, not to smoke in her presence—a request which is equal to a command. Her Majesty also objects to seeing men smoke, and Ihe Czar, since his marriage, is not near ly so devoted to his well-known meer schaum pipe, so familiar to all the Rus sian court. The Czarina inherits her ab horence of taboceo from her mother, the Princess Alice-. Other royal ladies addict ed to the weed nre the Queen of Hungary nnd Henrietta of Belgium. A Royal Pipe. The Queen of Egypt—or the wife of the Khedive—smokes a narghile water-pipe, which is more picturesque than a prosaic cigarette. She has a narghile of great magnificence. The bowl is of engraved took crystal, mounted in chased gold, fashicned in the form of a lotus flower. The tube is concealed by a deftly wrought netwerk of pink si k an I god thread while the amber mouth piece and gold plateau are one mass of sparkling jewels. It is in the Orient, indeed, that smok ing has developed into a fine art. The ladi s of the Zenana are restricted to gos sip, coffee and tobacco, and nowhere else arc these things brought to such a stan dard of perfection. In the Turkish harem the women inhale the fume s of yellow “Jcnidjie,” or “Kirilschillar,” ar.d nib ble ‘‘rahat-lakoum," or bonbons. An offset to the eleven august ladies, cci u; ants cf thrones, who smoke, are the eight majesties who do no:; the Queen of Er gland, the Czar inn, the Em pr ss and Dowager Empress of Germany, the Queen of Saxcny, the Queen of Swed en. Quten Wilhelmina and the Dowager Queen Kirma of Holland. Less August Smokers. Of grand ladies, of more or less exalted position, who are in the census of smok ers, there are the imperial archduchesses of Austria, who smoke to their h arts’ content and in the most public manner; the Prncees of Bavaria, many of the great ladies of France, as the Duchess d’Ages and the Duchess de Mallle; the fashion of smoking was set in France by the btnpr ss Eugenie, more than a quar ter cf a c< ntury ago. The Empress, like all Spaniards, w as always happiest win n puffing clouds of fragrant smoke. During the Napoleonic regime, there was scarce ly a corner of the Tuilleries, Ht. Cloud or Compiegue, which was not rtdolent with fumes of tobacco. The Infanta Eulalie smokes, ns those who had the pleasure of meeting her when she was In this country, can tes tify. Of exquisite little Spanish ciga rettes she had n supply, and what they lacked in size they made up in strength. Her smoking outfit was dainty to a de gree—n lovely gold box with grotesque carving*, set with diamonds and rubles to hold the cigarette, a tray with dainty pat- Cures Dandruff, Falling Hair, Brittle Hair and all Scalp Troubles, such as Itching, Eczema, Eruptions,etc. Purely Vegetable, harmless and reliable. CURE GUARANTEED even offer oil other remedies have failed, or rrwriry refunded. A CHICACO MAN WRITES: fittl Pnrnll At# . Chlrjwo, Mny lft. INW. I u#el "Cok Dandruff Cur® 1 ' for b#l<lna #ul two wrick* u-Iriif ffi hair bcyan to grow. ln*id®of# I w‘*kt< tny hea'l wui. c®r®d with hair A two cured my i.ititfht*r of tho worst cm® of dandruff lruagmahl®. I . r.l). KOlt'l E. ForHnlo by all Druggi-t# and Marlter#. Trt a tiiwon imlr nn<i Scalji Troublt*® free on rr quaat A f Itft rtIKH <‘Oaa - A lllt MgO He war® of Imitations. Tba only hair preparation admitted to tb® Part# K*po#tMm. For #n!a by Lslpprnan Broai., Columbia Jjrug Cos. mj.d ICnlgUi’• and bavau da. CANCER Sufferers from this horrible aju, nearly always inherit it not from the parents, but may be from soa remote ancestor, for Cancer often ra ? through several generations. Thislwf poison may lay dormant in the blood id years, or until you reach middle life, tj,, r the first little sore or ulcer makes its pearance—or a swollen gland in ef breast, or some other part of the hod gives the first warning. To cure Cancer thoroughly and pema. nently all the poisonous virus must be eliminated from the blood—everv vettjol of it driven out. This S. S. S. does, is the only medicine that can reach deej. seated, obstinate blood troubles like this' When all the poison has been forced oa of the system the Cancer heals, and tS disease never returns. Cancer begin soften in a small wav, as the following letter from Mrs. Shirer’shows ■ A small pimple came on my jaw about aa i o .v below the car on the left side or my face, me no pain or inconven- K eince, and I should have A foreotten about it had it fa notbegun to infiame and itch; it would bleed a itv-, - ; little, then scab over, but v-v , would not heat This w continued for some time, WJ when my jaw began to uSdSsmLlg An swell, becoming very 4J. painful. The Caueer be- jfe gan to eat and spread, Jjfif until it was as large as a hS /Hf half dollar,when I heard IffiUK. of S. S. S. nnd determin- 'tHk cd to give it a fair trial, Vt "SyjiaijKsfiil? and it was lemarkable ' u). what a wonderful effect ~ f. it had from the very beginning: the sore bega nfa heal and after taking a few bottles dUapoeam? entirely. This was two years ago ; there are stS no signs of the Cancer, and my general h*atlh R. Shzrer, La Plata, Mo! blood and tbe our Iree book on Cancer, containing valuable and interest ing information about this disease, and write our physicians about your case. Wfi make no charge for medical advice THE SWIFT SPECIFIC 00..'ATlftMTA. CA. ties for receiving the ashes, a match safe of exquisite workmanship, a vase form filled with cigarette holders, end a vestal lamp of lovely shape and de sign. In the reign of Louis XIV court ladies were fond of smoking tobacco, and al though the “Grand Monarch” disliked the weed extremely, his daughters did not dis dain to avail themselves of its sola When they became wearied of the eti quette end gravity of the court, they frequently indulged in revelry in their apartments after supper. On one occa sion. when, at a late hour, the Dauphin had left the card table, he heard a noise ir. that part of the palace, end went to find the cause. To his amazement, he found the ladies smoking nnd laughing, and discovered that they had borrowed their pipes from the officers of the Swiss guard. In their use of the fragrant weed, the Japanese have displayed a supreme re finement. The roughest coolie, equally with the lady of rank or the minister of state, are all content with n tiny pipe, which does not hold enough to- make even Queen Mnh sneeze. Into a bowl tht size of an acorn, cup. they insert a little roll ed pill of the fine-cut leaf, thrust it into the glowing charcoal, and inhale just one fragrant whiff of blue smoke. Then they shake out the little burning plug, and load up for a second ippu-ka. The habit of smoking a great pipeful to the bitter er.d is incomprehensible to the Japanese. Much fancy and fashion are displayed In smoking gear. Ladies carry their pip-'$ in long silk-embroidered cases, and tobacco in a silken pouch attached by a silver or jeweled clasp. The pipe itself may be a commonplace article in reed and brass, or a work of art in silver vc gold, elaborately chased and enameled. THE SALT l\ THE SEA. There Is nn Incredible Amonnt of It, nnd It Got There Very Simply. From the London Express. A certain nervous child is reported to have wept on first seeing the ocean, and for no other reason than that there was “so much of it.” There is. indeed, no lack of see on this little planet of ours—nearly three times as much aalt water surface as there is dry land. And the salt in it is an almost in credible quantity. Roughly speaking, f you take the salt out of the sea you deprive it of n thirtieth of its weight. On this/ basis one-thirtieth of the entiio weight of all the sea water in the world is salt, and ns salt and water bulk about the same, we may estimate also, that, by bilk, one-*thirtieh of the huge mass of the oceans is pure salt. What does this bring to us? Taking the 130 odd million square miles of the five oceans to average e mile and n half deep, we have in them alone 200.- 000,000 cubic miles of salt water. A thir tieth of this should give us the bulk of the salt contained in the great waters of the globe. Rounding the figures, we get something like 7,000,000 cubic miles of salt. If It were all taken out nnd spread over the surface of the six continents they would l>e covered l with its snowy powder to depth of twice *he bight’of fit. Paul’?. To put jt another way, if all the ear*h were salt water, there would be enough of the flavoring principle in it to maks two moons of solid salt but very lit.le smaller than our present satellite. But these comparisons are almost too huge for handling; let us take something smaller. Tin* rolling waters of the Eng lish channel are familiar to all Londone r - How much salt is there in them? Close upon a hundred cubic miles. Made into a convenient block and swung over tno metropolis by a giant derrick, it would grind London lo dust. How dil all this salt get into the Eng lish Channel—how did that 7.000.C00 cubic miles of U get Into the five oceans? ft is a big question, nnd it has n wonderful answer—art answer that goes hack to the beginning of things. When the earth was a half-cooled body all <b* water now’ ur*on it was floating about the hot surface in mighty clouds of steam. As the enrth went on cooling its chemical processes set free vast masses of what the chemist knows as chloride of sodium, what we call common salt. This lay on. the ground in a kind of fros’ty deposit. When the earth got cool enough the floating clouds ca*n® down in a deluge tha.t may have lasted for ages, nnd, melting the salt deposit'* as they rolled over the ground In count less rivulets, swept with it into the deep es4 hollows of the earth’s surface ana formed the salt seas. So the sea has always been salt. But the pnlt in the is not all the Salt there is In the world- There is n largo quantity in the rocks and the /v>il, a fraction of which is oar tied year by year into the oceans by tj 1 " rivers. Yet the ocean Is not getting s&ft' ler. This is because the sea take up salt into the structure of theb bones and shells, and when they die an leave those lo He upon the ocean bed suit remains locked up ns It were * a * trre D a famous accountant, and bn lan- f out her profit and lowa to the utterm° fa rthing. —T>e has been discovered for old ipß*' car spring. It has been found that these often contain enough carbon to P* rrT ? 1 ’; of making cold chisels. Forging Into t necessary rm Is ensy and the adding' al carbon required may I** added by th cementation proceas. Cold chisel# ma fn this way coat half s much high grades of steel which were forme * Ay ucedi