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6 M'KINLEY ACCEPTS. (Continued from First Paged this year they will not f.xll lo record again their tauoi dlMt-nl. Faithful lo th<- Tariff. The Republican party remain* faithful to n principle of i irlflT whl b nipplles ruffle!) nl revenue* for the goternmrnt.aml adequate protection to our enterprise* and producer*, and of reclpr," icy whl It open* ? ti i ok*!* 1., the fruits of Ano 1 laUtr. and furnish. * to w • hannel* through whl. h to market the surplus at American fartnr The time-honored principle# of protection and reciprocity wore Ihe first pledge* of Republican victory lo bo writ ten Into public laa The present Congress ha* given to Alaka a territorial government for which It had wailed more than a quarter of a century . !.*- e*tiibltahed a representative government In Hawaii, hg* eii * ted hill* for Ihe no rt lllcral treatment of the p*n - loner* atifl their widow*, ha* revived the tr. e burn* steal poll. y. In ll goal financial law it provided for tho estab lishment of hank* Of Issue with a o(4:l of for the lienelll of village* and rural communities, and bringing Ihe op portunity (8r profitable business In bank ing within th* reach of moderate capital Many or already availing themselves of this privilege. louring Ihe feast year more than nlne 'een million* of United fltute* brawl* have been pawl (root the surplus revenue* of .he Tr<usury, and In addition twenty-five nlillons of two per cents matured, eallet by the government, ate In process of pay ment Pacific Hal Ir.ai l honde Issue I by ihe government In aid of the mad* In Ihe -urn of nearly Idjm.Sn have been i*ill •luce tfeo. SI. 1897. The treasury balance :* In satisfactory condition showing an dept 1. 3155.149.‘). in addition lo the IW- Ui.OW gold reserve held In the ireasurv. The government's relartons with the I'arltlc railroad* have been sub stantially . .~.| J 154 42!<0* being re yelvrwl from these road*, the great er portion rasli anrl the retrxaln ler wlih ample securities for payments de ferred. Instead of diminishing, a* was pre Ik-te I four year* ago. ths volume of our currency 1* greater per capita than It ha* ever been. It wa* Cl.lo In IW*l It had in-reaa ed lo s3f. 1 on July 1. I*oo. and 3X85 on Sept 1. 1900 Our total money on July 1. 1.096. was 31.306.434,986: on July 1. ll**'. It was 32,1)62.425,490. and t-.0WA53.012 on Bcpt 1. 1900 AgrlrMtlare and Industry. Our Industrial and agricultural condi tions are more promising than they have bacn for may year*; probably mors- so than they havs ever l>een. I’nosperlty abouinl* everywhere throughout the re public. I rejoice that the (iouthern a# well a* the Northern stnles are enjoying a full share of theae Improved national conditions, and Ihnt all are contributing st> largely lo our remarkable Industrlnl development. The money lender receives lower reward* for hi* capital than If It were Invested In active buslne*#. The rate* of Interest ore lower than they nave ever been In this country, while those things which are produced on the farm and In the workshop, and Ihe labor p rod twang them, hive advanred In value Our foreign Ira.:, shows a satisfactory and Increasing growth. The amount of our exports for the year l* over Iho-e of the exoeptton.illy prosperous year of Ik** was about half a million dollar* for •very day of the year, and these sum* have gone Into the home* and rnlerprise* of the peopiw. There ha* bsen an Increase of over Ssu.tdO.tdn in Ihe exiiorf* of agri cultural probed*; $92.92.2> In manufac ture* and in She product* of Ihe mine* of over 110,tw0,000. Our trade balances cannot fall to give satisfaction to the people of the country- In lWk we sold abroad *15.- 432,676 of products morn than ws bought abroad In IW, *,29 074.813. and In I*>. SM4.- 171.701. making during the three year* a total balance In our favor of t1.tia0.779.19u nearly five tltr.es the hnlance of trade In our favor for the whole period of 10* year* from 179 uto June Jo. 1897. Inclu sive Four hundred and fhlrly-slx million dol lar* of gold have been added to the gold stock of (ha I’nlted States sine. July 1, Iffti The law of March 11. 1900, authorised the refunding Into two per cent, bond* of that part of the public debt represent ed by the three per cent* due In 1906, the (our per rents due In I9OT, and the live per cent*, due In Ib*4, aggregating JMU.OOt.- u. More than one-ihlnl of the sum of tlase bonds was refunded In the first three months after the passage of the act, and on Sept. 1 the sum had been In creased more than 331.un0.<M0. making In all tun 578.051'. resulting In a net saving of over 1t.379.5JU The ordinary receipt* of the government for the fiscal year itiuu were n9.557.06U In excess of It* expen diture*. Expeudllurr llrerrsilng. While our receipts both from customs and Internal revenue have heen greatly Increased, our expenditure- have been de creasing Civil and ml*<-rllanrous ex pense* for the fiscal year ending June- 30. 1 were nearly fl4.B).000 leas than In 1899. while on the war account there Is a decrease of more than 995.- 100.900. There were required *8.000.0(10 less 40 support the navy (We year than last, and the expenditure* on account of In dians were nearly two and three-quarters million dollars less than In 1099 The only two Hem- of Increase In the public ex penses of l*io. oer 1899. are for pensions and Interest on the public debt For 1890 we expended for pensions 1139 and for the fiscal year 1900. our payment* on thl* ace Jitnt amounted to |140.*77.31. The net Increase of Intrreet on the nubile debt of 1900 over 1899 required by the war 1-tun. was 3363,408 25. While Congress au thorised the government to make a war loan of HO'.iOO.iijo at the beginning of the war with Spain, only $2(i.h0.000 of bonds wre Issued, bearing three per cent In terest. which were promptly and patriotic ally taken by our cltlsens Unless something unforeseen occur* to reduce our revenues or Increase our ex penditure-*. the Congress al Ita next ses sion should reduce taxation very mater ially. Five years ago we were selling gov ernment bond* bearing a* high as 5 p. r cent. Interest Now we are redeeming them with a bond at par hearing 3 per cent Interest. We are- selling our eur- phi* products and knitlng our surplus money o Europe-. One re-null of out *-||- lng to oilier u nion* no much more than we have liouicht from them during Ihn pool three- year* I* n radical Improve ment of our financial relation*. The- great amount* of cupliul whlii have been bor- i rowed of Europe for our r.|itd, material j elevelopment have remained a i-onntant •train upon our resources for Inlerent atxl dlvld/ruj* a net made our money markets liable to connlant dlnturham-ea by call* for |Mi)me-nl or heavy nalen of our *e curlliea whenever moneyed stringency or (•.into oncurred abroad We have now l paving thene debln and bringing liorae- many of Our necurltlea and cst.il>- ltshtng countervailing credit* abroad by our loann and placing ourselves upon a •ure foundation of financial independence. In the unforlunate content between Oreat lirl'aln and the ltocr ntaten of South Africa, th< United Hi ate* ha* main tain ed an atttiuda of neutrality In ac cordance with It* well-known traditional (Alley. It did not henllale. however, when requested by the goveinment* of the South African republic* to exerelne 111 pood offices for a cessation of hostilities. It In to be obnerved (hat while the Houih African republic* made like rcc|Ue*| of other |iowern. the United State* I* the only one which eompiied. The British government declined 10 accept the Inter vention of any power. Cuminerce unel ship*. Ninety-one per cent, of our exporta amt import* are now carried by foreign abtp* For ocean itansporiation we p.iy annually to foreign *hlp-owner* over s!.*>,• Wai.oro. We ought to own the *hlpa for **ur carrying trade with the world, and we ought to build them In American hlp yard* and null them with American as 11- or*. Our nan rlttxena should receive the tianspormtlon charge* now paid to foreigner* I have railed the attention of Congress to this subject In my several an nual message*. In that of I>ec, 6. 1897. ! said: •'Mo*t deslratSe from every Standpoint of national interest and patriotism t* the effort to extend our foreign commerce. To this end our merchant marine should be Improved anil enlarged. We should do our full share of the carrying trade of the world. We do not do It now. We should tw the laggard no longer." In my message of Dec. 5. 1099. I said; "Our national development will be one sided and upxaaLsfacinry so long a* the remarkable growth of our Inland Indus trie* remains unaccompanied by progress on the seas Three Is no lack of constitu tional authority ftir legislation whb h shall give to the country maritime strength . ommensurate with Ita Industrial achievement* and wbh Ms rank among the nation* of Iho earth. "The past year bus recorded exceptional activity In our shipyards, and the prom ise* of continual prosperity In ship build ing ore abundant Advanced legislation for the protection of our seamen ha* been enacted Our const trade under regula tion* wisely framed at the beginning of the government and since, shows result* for Ihe past ftsoal year unequaled In our record* or those of any other power. We shall fall lo realise our opportunities, however. If we complacently regard only matlers at horn* and blind ourselves to the necessity of securing ottr share In ihe valuable carrying trade of the world.” I now reiterate these vtew*. A subject of Immediate Importance to one country I* tl# completion of a great waterway of commerce between the At lantic and Partite The construction Of a maritime canal I* now more than ever lndl*|>erv*ahle to that Intimate nnd ready communication between our eastern and western seaports demanded by the annex ation of the Hawaiian Islaml* and Ihe ex pansion of our Influence and trade In the Pacific. Our national policy more Imperatively than ever call* for Its completion and control by this government; nnd It I* be lieved that th>- next session of Congress, after receiving the full report of the com mission appointed under th" act approved March J. 1099. will make provisions for the sure acompllshment of thla great work. A* to Trout*. Combination* of capital which control the market In commodities necessary to the general use of the people, by suppress ing natural and ordinary competition, thus enhancing price*, to the general consutn ,r. are obnoxious to law and the public welfare They are danger'll!- conspiracies against the public good, and should la- made the subject of prohlbltory ~r |wnat legislation. Publicity will be a helpful influence to check this evil. Un Iformlty of legislation In Ihe several states should Is* secured Discrimination be tween what is injurious and whnt la use ful and necessary In business operation*, is essential to the wise and effective treat ment of this subject. Honest co-operatlon of capital t* necessary lo meet new busi ness conditions, and extend our rapidly In creasing foreign trails, but ennapimole* nnd combinations Intended to restrict liuslnra*. create monopolte* and control prlcea. should be effectively restrained. The best service which can be rendered to labor Is to afford It an opportunity for steady and remunerative emptoyTOent. and give |t every encouragement for advance ment . Tbe policy that subserve# this end Is ths true American policy. The lost three years have heen more satis factory to American workingmen than many preceding year* Any change of the isisettt Industrial or financial policy of the government would be disastrous to their highest tnleresta. With prosperity at home and an Increasing foreign market for American product#, em p'oyment should continue to wait upon Dior, and with the present gold standard the workingman |* secur'd against payments for his labor In a de preciated currency. For labor, a short •lav |* better than a short dollar; one wilt lighten the hurdetvr; the other lessens the reward# of toll The one will promote contentment and Independence; the other penurv and want. The wage# of labor should be adequate lo keep the home In omfort. educate the children, nnd. with fhrlft and economy, lay something by for the day* of Infirmity nnd oM age. C'lvll Service Hrfortn. Practical civil service reform baa nl ways had the support anti encouragement of the Republican party. The future of the merit system Is safe in It* hands. During the present administration as oc casions have arts n for modflcntlon or amendment In the existing civil service law nnd rules they have been made Im portant amendment* were promulgated by executive order under date of May 3. 1899. having for their principal purpose the exception from competitive examination of certain places Involving fiduciary re sponsibilities or duties of a strictly con fidential, selenttftc or executive character, which It was thought might htter be tilled either by non-competitive examina tion or by o'her tests of fltness In the discretion of the appointing officer. It Is gtatlfylng that the experience of more than a year has vindicated these changes t> the marked Improvement of the pub lic eervlee. The merit syst-m. as far as practicable I* made the basl- for appointments to of fice In our new territory. The American people are profoundly grateful to the soldiers, sailor* and ma rine*. who have In every time of conflict fought their country'* battles and defend ed Its honor. The survivors and the wid ow# and orphans of those - who have fallen are Justly entitled to receive th# generous und considerate care- of the na tion. Few are now left of those who fought In the Mexican war, and while many of the veteran* of the Civil War are still spared lo us. their number* are rapidly diminishing and age and Infirm ity are Increasing Ihelr dependence. These with the -oldlers of the Spanish war. will not be neglected by their grateful coun trymen. The pension laws have been lib eral They vhculd be Justly administered and will he. Preference should be given to the soldier*, sailors and marine*, their widow# and orphans, with reepect to em ployment In the public aervlce. t aba and Porto Hlco. We have been In possession of Cuba since the firm of January. 1*99 We have restored order and eatabllahed domestic trantiulllty. We have fed the starving, clothed the naked, and mlntt*re-d to the *| k We have Improved the sanitary oon dliloti of the Island We have stimulated Industry. Introduced public education,anJ taken a full and comprehensive enumera tion of the Inhabitant* The ipiallttcatlon of elector* ha* been *ettled and under It otticer* have been chosen for all the jnu ulclimllU s of Cuba. These local govern m.pi* are now tn operation. ad ministered by the- people. Our military establishment has been reduced from t*.- i*a) to le* than g.onft An election ha* been oreleresl. to be held the 15th of September, under a flr ejection law al ready tried In the municipal election*, to ehooee member* of a constitutional con vention. *nd Ihe convention, by the same order. I* to assemble on the first Monday of Novemlier to frame a constitution up on which an Independent government for the Island will rest. All this Is u long step In Ihe fulfilment of our sacred guar antees to the people of Cuba. We hold Porto Htco by the seme title as the Philippines. The treaty of peace which ceded us the one cynveyed to us the other. Congress has given to this Island a government lb which the tiihmriiant* partb Ipale.elect their own legislature, en act their own local laws, provide Ihelr own system of taxation, and In thewe respect* have the same (tower and privilege* en joyed ty other territories lielonging to the I'nltrd Prate* and a much larger meas ure of self-government than was given to the Inhabitants of LiOUlskana under Jef •ferson.s A district court of tho United Htntea for Porlo Rico has been establish ed and local court* have been Inaugurat ed, ail of which are tn operation. The THE MOKNING NEWS: MONDAY. SEPTEMBER 10, 1900. generous treatment of the Porto Rican* accord* with the most liberal thought of our own country gnd encourage* the last aspirations of Ihe people of th* Island. While they do not hove Instant free . m merclal Intercourse with th# Pnlted Hiatea. Cottgreag compiled with my recom mendation by removing, on the first day of .May last. *5 per cent of the duties and providing for the removal of the remain ing 15 per cent on Ihe Ist of March. Hs’2. or earlier. If the legislature of l*orto HI o shall provide local revenue* for the ex - proses of conducting the government During this Intermediate period Porto Klcan producta coming Into the United Stale- pay a tariff of 15 per cent, of the rate* under the Dtngley act. and our goesl* going to Porto 111,0 pay a like rate The duties thus pall and eollctcd both In Porto Rico ami llir T'ltllel Stale*, arc paid to the government of Porto Rico nnd no part thereof Is taken by the nnttarml government All of the duties from Nov lt > Jtlff* *>. isno, aggregating the sum of t2.2U.iSJ.iI paid at the custom houses In the Pnlted States upon Porto Rican products, under the laws existing prior to the above mentioned act of Con gress.hava gone Into the treasury of Porto Rico lo relieve the <le*tltut* and for school* and other public purposes. In addition to this we Itavr expended for relief, education and Improvement of toade the sum of 11.513.9*195. The Pnlted States military forces In th* I*l atsi have been reduced from ll.OOn to 1,590. and native Porto Rican* constitute for the ino-i part the local constabulary. Dialer (he new law and (he Inauguration of civil government there has Iteen a gratifying revival nf business. The man ufacture* of Porto Rico are developing; her import* are Increasing; her larlff la yielding Increased return#, her fled* are l*elng cultivated; free school* are being established. Notwithstanding the many eml-arrns-ments Incident to a chan*, of national condition* she l* rapidly showing ihe goal effects of her new relailon* to thla nation. The Philippine Munition. For the sake of full ar.d Intelligent un derstanding of the Philippine question, and to give to Ihe people authentic Information of ihe acta and alms of the administra tion. I present at some length th* event* of ltn|iortance leading up to the present situation. The purpose# of the executive are best revealed, and can beat be Judged by what he has done and Is doing. It will be seen that the power of the government has been used for the liberty, Ihe peace and the prosperity of the Philippine peo ples, and that forre has been employed only against force which stood In the way of the realisation of Iheec ends. On the 25th day of April. I*9o. Congress declared that a state of war existed lie tween Spain and Ihe Dnlled States. On May I. I*9o. Admiral Dewey destroyed the Spanish fleet In Manila hay. On May 19. I*9*. MaJ. Gen. Merritt, 17. B A., was placed In command of the military expe. dltioti to Manila, anrl directed, among other things to Immediately "publish u proclamation declaring that we come not to make war upon tho people of the Phil ippine# nor upon any part or faction among them, hut to protect them In their homes. In tb-lr employments, and In their personal and religion# rlghta. Alt par sons who. either by active aid or by hon. esl submission, co-operate with the UYitted States In It* efforts to give effect to benefleent purpose, will receive th# re ward of Its eupport nnd protection." On July 3, 1090. the Bpanlsh fleet .In at tempting to escape from Santiago harbor, was destroyed by the American fleet, and on July 17. 1896. the Spanish garrison In the city of Santiago surrendered to Ihe commander of the American force*. Following these brilliant vlctorlea. on the !2lh day of August. I*9*. upon th# In itiative of Spain, hostilities were suspend ed. and a prolocal was signed with a view to arranging terms of peace between the two governmenta. In pursuance there of I appointed a* commissioner# the fol lowing distinguish'd cltUens to conduct the negotiation# on the part of th" Dnlted States: Hon. William It. Day of Ohio. Hon. William P. Frys of Maine, Hon. Cushman K. Davis of Minnesota. Hon. George Gray of Delaware, and Hon. W'hltelew Reid of New York. In address- In* the pence commission before It* de parture for Paris. I said: "It I* my wl*h that throughout the ne gotiations entrusted to the .commission, the purpoe- und spirit with which the Unlteel Stale* ace-epted the unwelcome ne cessity of war should be kept constantly In view. We took up arms only In obe dience to the dictates of humanity and In the fulfillment of high public and moral obligation*. We had no design of aggran disement. nnd no ambition of conquest. Through the long course of repeated rep resentation* which preceded and aimed to avert the struggle and In the final arbi trament of force this country wa# Imped ed solely by the purpose of relieving grievous wrongs and removing long exist ing condition* which disturbed It* tran quility, which chocked Ihe moral cense of mankind and which could no longer bn en dured. "It I* my earnest wish that the United State# In making peace should follow the same high rule of conduct whl-h guided It In f acing war. It should he a* scrupulous and magnanimous In the concluding set tlement as ll was Just nnd human" In ll* original action. • • • • “Our aim In the adjustment of peace should be directed to lasting results and to the achievement of the common good under the demands of elvlUxatton, raiher than to ambitious designs. • • • • "Without any original thought of com plete or even partial acquisition, the pres ence and success of our arms In Manila Imposes upon us obdgatlon# which we can not disregard Th# march of event* rules and overrules human action. Avowing un reservedly the purpose which hne animat ed all our effort, and still solicitous to adhere to It. we cannot be unmindful that without any desire or design on our part, the war has brought u* new dutlea and responsibilities which we must meet and discharge as becomes a great nation on whose growth and career from the begin ning the Ruler of Nations has plainly written the high command and pledge of civilian!-on." Instrncllons to Dommlaslon. On Oct. 2S. 189$. while the Piece Commie slon was continuing Its negotiations In Pari*, the following additional Instruction was sent: •'lt I* Imperative upon ua that an victor# we should be governed only by motive* which will exalt our nation. Territorial expansion should be our least concern tl it we shall not shirk the moral obltga to.ii* of our victory Is of the greatest. It Is undlsputrd that drain's authoilty Is permanently destroyed In every part of the Philippines. To leave any pan In her feeble control now would Increase our dif ficulties amt be opposed to the Intertats of humanity. • • • • Nor can we per. inlt Spain to transfer any of the lalands to another power. Nor can we Invite an other (lower or powers lo Jcln the United States in sovereignty over them. We must either hold them or turn them back t“ Spain. "Consequently, grave as are the respon sibilities and unforeseen aw are the dif ficulties which ate before us. the Presi dent can are but one plain path of duty, the acceptance of the Archipelago. Great cr difficulties and more serious complica tion* -administrative and International— would follow any other course. The Pres!- dent hat given to the views of the com missioners the fullest consideration, and In reaching the conclusion above announc ed In the light of Information communi cated to the commission and to the Pres ident since your departure, he ha* been Influenecd by the single ,-onslderatlon of duty and humanity The President la not unmindful of Ihe distressed financial con dition of Hpain, and whatever considera tion Ihe United Wales rony show must come from its **r.st of generosity and ben. evotence, rathei than from any real or technical obligation." Again, on Nov. IS, 1 Instructed the com mission: "From the standpoint of Indemnity both the archipelagoes (Porlo Rico and the PUUippme*) are Insufficient to pay our war expense*, hut aside from thla do we not owe an obligation to the people of the Philippine* which will not permit u* to return them to the sovereignty of Spain? Could we Justify oursclvt in such a • nurse, or could we permit thclt loarter to some other power? Willing or not * tittle the responsibility of .buy which we cannot escape • • • The President can not believe any division of the archipelago can bring us anything hut • mliartassntetii In the future The trade und commercial side, as well as the Indemnity for the cost of the war are questions w‘ might yield. They might be walvd or compromised, but the questions of duty nnd humanity appeal to the President so strongly that he can And no appropriate answer but the one he has here marked out." The treaty of peace was c*included on Dec !U. 107*0 By It* terms the archipelago, known a* the Philippine Islands, was ced ed by Spain to ihe Dnlled Stoic-. Jt was also provided that "the .Bvll rights attd political statu* of the native inhabitants of the territories hereby ceded to the Dnlled Stale* shall be determined by the Congress." Eleven 'lays tncrr.iftwr. on Dec. 21. the following direction was given to the commander of our force* In the Philippine*; ••• • . Th* military commander of the Dnlled States Is enjoined to make known to th- Inhabitant* of the Philippine Isl ands that in succeeding lo the sovereignly of Spain. In severing the Parmer political relations nf the tnhahirants and In the establishing anew point, al {lower, the authority of the* United Stales is to lie exerted for the securing of the persons and property of the people of the Island* and for the confirmation of all their pri vate rights and relation*. It will be Ihe duly of (lie commander of (he forces of occupation to annnuntb oi l proclaim. In Ihe most public manner, that we come not as Invaders or conquerors, but as friend*, to protect the natives In their homes. In their employments and In their personal and religious rights." The First Commission. In order to facilitate the most humane |w Iflr and effective extension of author ity throughout these Islands, and to se cure. with the leaat possible delay, the brnefllw of a wise Mini generous protection of life and property to the Inhabitant*. 1 appointed in January, 1099. a commission, consisting of Hon. Jacob Gould Scburman of New York. Admiral George Dewey. D. 8 N . lion Charles Denby of Indiana. Prof Dean C Worcester of Michigan, and MaJ Gen dwell 8. Otis, V. S. A Th*lr Instructions contain*-*! Ihe following: “In the performance of this duty the commissioners are enjoined to no—l at the earliest possible day In the city of Manila and to announce, by public proc lamation. their presence nnd the mission Intrusted to them, carefully setting forth that, while the military government al ready procialmel I* to lie maintained nnd continued so long as necessity may re quire, efforts will be made to alleviate the burden of taxation, to estalrilsh In dustrial and commercial prosperity, and to provide for the safety of persons and of property by such means as may be found conducive lo these end*. “The commissioner* will endeavor, with out Interference with the military author ities of Ihe Dnlted States now In control of Ihe Philippines, to ascertain what amslloratlon In the condition of the Inhab itants and what Improvements In laihllc order may be practicable, and for thl* purpose they will study attentively the existing social and political state of the various populations, particularly as re gards the forms of local government, the administration of Justice, the collection of customs and other taxes, the means of transportation, and the need of public Improvement#. They will report • • • the results of their observations and re fle Hone and will recommend such execu tive action as may from time to time seem to them wise and useful "The commissioners are hereby authoris ed to confer authoritatively with any per. sons resident In the Islands from whom they may believe themselves able to de rive Information or suggestions valuable for the purpose* of their commission, or whom they may choose to employ as agents, as may be necessary for thl* pur pose. • • • "It I* my desire that In all their rela tions with the Inhabitant* of the Island* Ihe commissioner* exercise due respect for all the Ideal*, custom* and Institu tions of the tribes which compose the pop ulation. emphasising upon nil occasions the Just and benefleent Intentions of the government of the Dnlted Stales. It Is also my wish and expectation that the oommlssloner* may be re<elved in a man ner due to the honored ami authorlxed representative* of the American republic, duly commissioned on account of their knowledge, skill and Integrity as bearers of the good will, the protection and the richest blessing* of a liberating rather than a conquering nation." Thf Trent jr liatltled. On the th of February, 1899. the treaty *n* ratified by the Senate of the I'nlted States and the Congress Imme dlmely appropriated 120. on. ooo to carry out Ita provisions. The ratifications were exchanged by the United States and Spain on the 11th of April, 1*99. Aa early a* April. 1*99, the Philippine Commission, of which Dr. Schurman waa prealdenl, endeavored to bring about pence In the Inland* by repealed confer ences with leading Tagalogn represent ing the no-called Insurgent government, to the end that aotne general plan of gov ernment might be offered them whldh they tvoulf! accept. So great was the satisfac tion of the Insurgent commissioners with the form of government proposed by the Amerlrrn commissioners that the latter submitted the proposed scheme to me for approval, and my action thereon Is shown by the cable message following: "May b, 1899 Schurman, Manila: Yours tlh received. You are authorized to pro pose that under the military power of the President, pending action of Congress, government of Ihe Philippine Islands shall consist of a governor general, appointed by ihe President; cabinet, appointed by the governor general; a general advisory council elected by Ihe people; the quall ficlatlons of elector* to be carefully con sidered ami determined, and the governor general to have absolute veto. Judiciary, strong and Independent; principal Judges appointed by the President. The cabinet and Judge* to be chosen from natives or Americana, or both, having regard lo ni nes*. The Presklent earnestly desires the cessation of bloodshed, ami that Ihe peo ple of the Philippine Islands, at an early date, shall have the largest measure of local self-government consistent with peace and good order." In the latter part of May another group of representatives came from the Insur gent leader. The whole mailer was fully discussed with them ami promise of ac ceptance seemed near at hand. They assured our commissioner* they would re turn after consulting with ther leader, bul they never did. Asa result of the views expressed by the first Tagalog representative favorable to the plan of the commission It appears that he was. by military order of the in surgent leader, stripped of hla shoulder straps, dismissed from the army and sen tenced lo twelve years' Imprisonment The views of the commission arc best set forth In their own words: "Iteplorable as war Is, the one In which we are now engaged was unavoidable hy us. Wc were attacked by a bold, adven turous and enthusiastic army. No alter native was left lo us except Ignominious retreat. "It IS not to.be conceived of that nny American would have sanctioned Ihe sur render of Manila to Ihe Insurgents. Our •ther nartonw and to the friendly Filipinos and go ourselves and our flag demanded that force should he met by force. Whatever the future of the Philippines may be. there Is no course open to us now except the prosecution of the war until the Insurgents are reduced to submission The commission Is of the opinion that ehere has been no time since the destruction of the Spanish squadron by Admiral Dewey when It was possible (o withdraw our force* from the Islands either with honor to ourelvea or wllh safety to the Inhabitant*." After he most thorough *tudy of the people* of the archipelago the commission reported, among oilier things. "Their lack of education and political experience, combined with their racial and linguistic diversities, disqualify them. In spite of l heir mental gift* and domestic virtues, to undertake the task of govern ing the archipelago at the present time. The moat that can be expected of them I* to co-operate with the American* In the administration of general affair*, from Manil i as a renter, and to undertake, sub ject to Amerlcon control or guidance (a* may be found neceasaryl the admlnlitra tlon of provincial and municipal affair*. * • * "Should our power by any fatality be withdrawn, the commission believes that the government of the Philippine* would speedily lapse Into anarchy, which would excuse. If It did not nece*ltae (he Inter vention of other powers, and the eventual division of the Islands among them. Only through American occupation, therefore, I* the Idea of a free, self-governing and untied Philippine commonwealth at all conceivable. • • • "Thus the welfare of the Flllplnoa ro- Inrldea with rtte dictates nf national honor In forbidding our abandonment of the archipelago. We cannot from any point of view escape the responsibilities of gov ernment which our sovereignty entail#; and the commission Is atrongly persuaded that the performance of our national duty will prove the greater) blessing to the peo ple of the Philippine Islands." The Second 4 ntutnlsslon. flattened that nothing further muld be accomplished In pursuance of their mis sion until the rebellion wa* suppressed, and desiring to place before the Congress the result of ttwir observations. I request ed Ihe commlaslon to return to Che Dnlled State*. Their most Intelligent and com prehensive report wa* submitted lo Con gress. In March. 199 ft, believing that the In surrection was practically ended and earnestly desiring to promote the estab lishment of a stable government In the archipelago. I appointed the following civil commission: Hon. William H. Taft of Ohio, Prof Dean C. Worcester of Michigan. Hon. Duke I. Wright of Tennessee. Hon Henry C. Ide of Vermont, and Hon. Bernard Moses of California. My Instructions to them contained the following: "You (the fleeresary of War) will In struct the commission • • • to devote Ihelr attention In the first Instance to the establishment of municipal government* In which Ihe native* of ths Islands, both In the cities and In Ihe rural communities, shall be afforded the opportunity to man age their own local affairs to the fullest extent of which they are capable, and subject to the least degree of supervision and control which a careful study of their capacities and observation of the work ings of nwttve control show to be consist ent with the maintenance of law. order and loyally. • • • Whenever the com mission Is of the opinion 4hat the condi tion of affairs In the Islands Is such that the control of administration may safely be transferred from military to civil con trol they will report that conclusion to you (the Secretary of War), with their recommendations as to the form of cen tral government to be established for the purpose of taking over the control. • • • "Beginning with the first day of Sep tember. 19nn. the authority to exercise, subject to my approval, through the Sec retary of War. that part of the power of government In the Philippine Islands which I* of a legislative nature Is to be transferred from Ihe military governor of the Islands to this commlslson, to be thereafter exercised by them In the place and stead of the military governor, under such rule# and regulations as you (the Secretary of War) shall prescribe, until the establishment of the civil central government for the Islands contemplated In the last foregoing paragraph or until Congrcgp shall olherwlae provide. F.xer clss of fhls legislative authority will In clude the making of rule* and order* hav ing the effect of law for the raising of revenue by taxes, custom* duties and im posts; the appropriation and expenditure of the public funds of the Island*; the es tablishment of an educational system throughout the Islands; the es tablishment of a system to secure an effi cient civil service; the organisation ond establishment of court*: the organisation and establishment of municipal nnd de partmental governments; and all other mutters of a civil nature for which the military governor Is now competent to provide by rules or order* of a legislative character. The commission will nlso havs power during the snme period to appoint to office such officer* under the Judicial, educational and civil aervlce aystems nnd In the municipal and departmental gov ernments a* shall be provided. • • • ■ ■aid Down Holes. Vntll Congress shall take action I di rected that upon every division and branch of the government of the Phlllie plnes must be Imposed these Inviolable rules: "That no person shall be deprived of life, liberty or properly without due pro cess of law; that private property shall not be token for public use without Just compensation, that In ell criminal prose, cut tons the accused shal enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, to be In formed of the nature and cause of the accusation. *o he confronted with the witnesses against him. to have compul sory process for obtaining witnesses In his favor and to have the assistance of counsel for hla defense; that excessive hsll shall not be required, nor excessive fines Imposed, nor cruel anti unusual pun ishment Inflicted; that no person shall he pui twice In Jeopardy for the enme of fense. or he compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself; that the right to be secure against unreasonable searches and seizures ahall not be violat ed; that neither slavery nor Involuntary servitude shall exist except as a punish ment for crime; that no bill of retalnder. or ex-post-facto law ahall be passed; that no law shall be passed abridging the free dom of speech or of the press, or the rights of the people to peao-ahly assemble and petition the government for a redresa of grievances; that no law shall be made respecting Ihe establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, and that the free exercise and enjoyment of rellgtoue profession and worship with out discrimination or preference ahall for ever be allowed. • • • • "It will be Ihe duly of the Commission to promote and extend, and. aa they find occasion, to Improve, the system of edu cation already Inaugurated by the mlll lary aulhorttlea. In doing thla they should ■egard a of first Importance the extension of a system of primary education, whl-h shall be free to all. anti which shall tend to fit the people for ihe duties of citizen ship. and for the ordinary avocation* of a civilized community. • • • • Especial attention should be at once given lo af fording full opportunity to all the people of ihe island* lo acquire Ihe u*e of the English language • • • • •Tpon all officers and employes of the I'nlted Sl.ties. both civil and military, should be Impressed a sense of the dmv to observe, not merely the material, but Ihe personal and social rights of the peo ple of Ihe Islanda. and to treat them with Ihe same courtesy and neaped for their personal dignity which the people of the l r nited State# are accustomed to require from each other. "The articles of capitulation of Ihe city of Manila on the ISth of August, I*9B. con cluded with these words: •• -This city. Its Inhabitants. Ita churches and religious worship. Ita educational es tabHehment* and It* private property of all description* ars placed under Ihe t|*<- clal safeguard of the faith and honor of the American arm "I believe that this plods* ha* been faithfully kept. A* high and sacred an ob ligation. reels upon the government ,f the Cnlted State* to give protection for property anti life, civil and religion# free dom, and wtae. firm and unselfish guid ance In the paths of peace and prosper!- ly, to all Uia peoples of the Philippine |,j. lands. I charge thl* Oonflnlsslon to la bor for the full performance of thl* obli gation. which concern* the honor and con science of Ihelr country. In the Arm hope that through their labor* all the Inhabi tants of the I’hlllpidne Islands may come to. look back with grtutu'le to the day when clod gave victory to American arms In Manila and set their land under the sovereignty and the protection ol the people of the Dnlted Stale.-." Prnolnmntlon of Amnesty, That all might share In the regeneration ol the Islands and parti Ipate In the.r governiTu nl. 1 directed Gen. MacArthur. the military governor of the Philippines, to Issue a proclamation of amnesty, which contained, among other statements, the following: "Manila. P. 1.. June 21. 1990 By direc tion of the President of the I'nlt-d fltates. the undersign* and unnounc'* amnesty with complete Immunity for the past, and ab solute liberty ot acltcn for the future, to all person* who or* now. or at any time since Feb. 4, 1899. have been In Insurrec tion against the I’nlted fltates In either a ■nllltaryeor civil cu|*ac’|ty. an.l who shall, within a perhel of ninety day* from Ihe date hereof, formally renounce oil connec tion wllh such Insurrection and subscribe to a declaration acknowledging and ac cepting the sovereignly and aulhoiliy of the United Slate* In und over the Philip pine Islands. The privilege herewith pub lished ts extended lo a’l concerned with out any reservation whatever, excepting that person* who have violated the laws of war during the period of active hostil ities are not embraced within the scope of this ammsly. • • • • "In order to mitigate as much as po-- slldc consequences resulting from the va rious disturbances which since 1899 have sui'cetabd each other so rapidly, and to provide In some measure for destitute Fil ipino *oidler* during the transitory per o| which must Inevitably succerd a general peace, Ihe military auihorltles of Ihe Unit ed fltates will pay thirty peso* to each man who presents a rifle In good condi tion.” Under their Instructions the Commis sion, cotnposrd of representative Ameri cans of different sections of the country ami from different po bl.al parlies, who*- character and ability guarantee the most faithful Intelligence and patriotic service, are now laboring to establish stable gov ernment under civil control. In which the Inhabitants shall participate, giving them opportunity to demonstrate how far they are prepared for self-government. Ciintmisslon's It.-port. This commission, under <lnte of Aug. 11. I9OU. makes an interesting report from which I quote the following extracts: "Hostility against Americans was origi nally aroused by absurd fals ho-da of un scrupulous Itaders. The distribution of troops In SO9 posts has by contact largely dispel ed hostility; and steadily improved temper of people. Thl* Improve ment I* furthered by abuse* of Insurgents l-arge numbers of people king for pence and willing to accept government tinder tho United States. Insurgents not surren dering after defeat divided Into small gue r.lla bands under general officers or be come robterr. Nearly all of the prominent get.sralr and politician* of the Insurrection except Agtilnaklo, have since hern cap tured or have surrendered and token the oath of allegiance. • • • • All North ern Logon except two province*, substan tially frit from Insurgents. People busy planting, and asking (or municipal or gatiirntlon Hallway and telegraph line from Manila to Dagupan.l22 miles,not mo lested for live m.ml ns * • • • llagti log* alone active In leading guerilla war fare. In Negro*. Cebu Romblon. Masbate, Bltuyan, Tablas, Bohol and other Philip pine Islands little disturbance exists and civil government eag. rly awaited • • • * Four year* of war and lawlessness In port# of Islands have created unsettled conditions • • • • Native constabu mry and militia, which shou.d Its organised at once, will end this, nnd the terrorism to which defenseless people are subjected. The native# doidrc to enlist In these or ganlxatlon*. If Judiciously selected nnd of ficered. will be efficient forces for main tenance of order, nnd will permit early material reduction of United States troops • • • • Turning Island* over o coterie of Tagalog politicians will blight fair prospect* of enormous Improve ment. drive out capital, make Ilf. and property secular and religious most In secure; hanlsh by fear of cruel proscrip llon con-Iderahle laxly of conservative Filipino* who have aided American* In well-founded belief that their people ore not now fit for self-government, nnd rein troduce some oppression and corruption which exlMed In all provinces under Mn lolos Insurgent government during the eight months of Its eontrol. The result will be factional strife between Jealous leaders, chaos and anarchy, and will re quire and Justify active Intervention of our government or some other • • • Business Interrupted by war much Im proved as peace extends. • • • In Ne gros more sugar In cuMlvntlon than ever before. New forestry regulations give Impetus to timber trade and reduce high price of lumber The customs collection* for lust quarter 50 per cent, greater than ever In Spanish history, nnd August col lections show further Increase. The to tal revenue for same period one-third greater than In any qtiarier under Spain. ■ hough ceduln tax chief aource of Spanish revenue, practically alxtllshed. Economy and efficiency of military government have created surplus fund of S,OuU.(Wi. which should be expend'd In much needed public works, notably Improvement of Ma nila harbor. • • • with proper tariff and facilities Manila will become a great port of the Orient "The commission Is confidant that by a Judicious custom* law. reasonable land tax and proper corporation franchise ta*. Imposition of no greater rate th in that In average American state* will give less an noyance and with |ieace will produce rev enues sufficient to (My expense* of effi cient government Including militia and constabulary. They are preparing a strin gent civil service law, giving equal oppor tunity to Filipinos and Americans with preference for former where qualifications are equal, to enter at lowest rank and by promotion reach the head of a depart ment • • • Forty-five miles of railroad extension under negotiation will give ac cess to u large province rich In valuable mineral*, a mile high, with strictly tem perate climate. • • • Railroad construc tion will give employment to many and communication will furnish market to vast stretches of rich agricultural lands." They W ant Schools. They report that there are "entl* from all part* of the Island* for public schools school supplies and English teachers! greater than the commlslson can provide until a comprehensive school system is organised. Night school* for teaching English to adtihs are being established In response to popular demand. Native chil dren show aptitude In learning English. Spanish I* spoken by n small fraction of people, and In a few year* the medium of communication In the courts, public of fices and between different tribe* will be English: creation of central government within eighteen months, tinder which stile Manually all right described In Ihe R||| of Rights In Ihe Eedernl Constitution are to he secured to the people of Ihe Philip pines. will bring to th-m contentment, prosperity, education and political en llghtmeni." Thl shows to my countrvmen what ha* been ami l* being done to bring the ben etlt* of liberty and good government to these wards of the nation. Every effort has been directed to their peace and pros perltv, their advancement find well-being not for our aggrandisement nor for pride of might, not for trade or commerce not tor exploitation, hut for humanity ’and ■ivlllxatlon. and for the protection of the vast majority of the population who wel come our sovereignly aga nst the d*. signing minority whose first demand aft er the surrender of Manila hy the Spanish army was to enter the city that they m‘ghi loot It and destroy those not In sympathy with their selfish and treacher ous designs. No tlllnnrr Willi Insurgent* Nobody who will avail himself , h facia will longer hold that there al.lance between our soldiers and i aurgenta. or that any promise of (>endence was made to them l. fore their leader had reached Mant! i had resolved If the commander .>; American navy woukl give them . with which to light the Spanish they would later turn upon u*. whl . .’j did murderously und without the l ot cause or Justification. There tII those without the means of full im tlon. who believe that we were In with the Insurgents and that w, , .'j them that they should have indepei To such let me repeat the facts . i ’ th SSth day of May, 1(96. Admiral 1 Instructed by me to make no alli.tn. ~,, any party or faction In the Phlli; | , ihnt would Incur liability to m , j n their cause In the future, and hi- i, , j under date of June 6. 1696: "Have .j. ~..{ according to spirit of department . m . strunton* from ths beginning, and I hav entered Into no alliance with thn n gent* or with any fat-lion This * () , ~|r „ n can reduce Ihe defenses of Manila ai ~,y moment, but It I* considered uselem , r! j| the arrival of sufficient United fltat, 4 force* to retain possession." In the r „. pore of the first Philippine Cntmm . submitted on Nov. I. 1899, Admiral |>. , one of Its members, salt): "No alliance of any kind wns enter*! Into wllh Agtilnaldo. nor w*s any prnntlm of Independence made to him at any time.” Gen. Merritt arrived In the Phi: | ~j n e on July 25. I*9B, and a dispatch fr. n, \q. mtral Dewry to the government at VVr . melon said: "Merritt arrived , Blit;*Hon I# most crlllral at Manllt Ths flp-niDh may eurrender at any nv mr,- Merritt's moil difficult iwoblcrn sill r* how to deal with Ihe Insurgent- nixier Agt inatdo. who have become aggre.<*|ve and even threatening toward our army Hero 1* revealed the plrlt of the lnrjr geM* ns early a* July. 1898. b. l-re tn pi* toco! wa# signed, while we wre i | engaged In active war with Spota, Even then the Insurgtnla wete threatening I>lir army. ten Aug. 13. Manila wa* captured and of t.-ils ano subsequent event* the I'hklp pl ie* Dcmmisslon says; "When t >t;y ot Manila wa# taken Aug. 13. the KihpUuo look no part In the attack, but came f ;. lowing In with a view to looting the city, and were only prevented from dung by our force* preventing them ftnm en. ferlog Aguinaldo claimed that he hid ths right to occupy the city; he demanded of Geo. Merrill the palace of Mala, man for himself and the cession of all the church?* of Manila, also that a part of the money taken fiom the flpnnlard* as spoil* of war should be given up. and above all rhit he should be given the arm* of the Spsn. lsh prlmm r. All these demands were re. ft 101. G-n*. Merritt. Greene nnd Anderson.who were In command al the beginning of or .> . upa.lon, gnd until Ihe surrender of Ma nila. state that there was no slltanc* with the Insurgent*—and no prombe ta them of Independence On Aug 17, ICa. Gen. Merritt was Instructed that ther* must noi be any Joint occupation of Ma nila wllh Ihe Insurgents. Gen. Anderson, under dale of Feb. 10, 1900. says that he wns present at the Interview- between Ad miral Dewey and the Insurgent Pader, ami that In this Interview Admiral I'ewer made no promises whatever. He adds: "He (Agulnnldo) nskel me If my gov. ernment was going to recognise his gov ernment. I answered that I was ther* simply In a military capacity; that I could not acknowledge his government be cause 1 had no authority to do so." flume Uaestlnss Asked. Would not our adversaries have #ert Dewey's fleet to Manila to capture and destroy the flpantsh sea power there, or. .dispatching It there, would they havs withdrawn It ofter the destruction of the flpantsh fleet and If the latter, whither woukl they have directed ll to sail? W: ere could It have aone? What port In ths Orient was opened to It? Do our adversa ries condemn Ihe expedition under the command of Gen. Merritt lo strengthen Dewev in the distant ocean, and assist m our triumph over Spain, wltn which natton we were at war? Wa* It not our hlgh'M duty to strike Spain at every vulneraba point, that the war might be succesrfully concluded at the earliest practicable mo ment? And was It not our duty to protect tee lives and property of those who came within our control by the fortune* of wsr? Could we have come away at any time between May 1. 1898, and thesroncluslon of peace without a stain, upon our good name? Could we have come nway without de honor at any time after the ratification of the peace treaty by the Senate of th* United Slates? There has been no lime since the de struction of the enemy’! fleet when w* could or should have left the I’h.lipptne Archipelago. After the treaty of peace was ratified no power but Congres# coukl sur render our sovereignly or alienate a foot of the territory thus acquired. The Con gress ha* not seen fit to do the one or the other, and the President had no au thority to do either. If he had been so In clined. which he was not. So long as th* sovereignty remains In us ll Is the duty of the executive, whoever he may be. to uphold that roverelgnty and If ll be tacked to suppress Its aseallania IVoud our political adversaries do less? Democrats HatlMed Treaty. II has been asserted that there wood have been no Aghting In the Philippines If Congress had declared It* purpose to give lnde|H-ndence to Ihe Tag.i! Insur gents. The Insurgents did not welt for ihe action of Congress. They assumed the offensive, they opened (Ire on our army. Those who assert our responsibility for Ihe beginning of the conflict here foe gotten that before the treaty was rati fied In the Se-nale and while It wts be ing debated In that body. sod while the Bacon reeoi art r was under discussion, on Feb. 4. 1891. > h * Insurgents attacked the American army, after being previously advised that tht American forces were under orders rot to Are upon them except In defense The paper* found In the recently i iptureJ archives of the Insurgent* demonstrate that this attack had been carefully plan ned for week# before It occurred Thetr unprovoked assault upon our soldier* •< a time when the Senate was dcllberitW* upon the treaty show* that no action °® our part, except surrender and .tbm-lon ms-nt, would have prevented the flghtlrd and leave* no doubt In any fair mind of where the responsibility rests for the shedding of American blood. With all Ihe exaggerated phr*-*— mskl'g of this electoral contest, we an In dan ger of being diverted from the real con tention. We are In agreement with all of th->st who supported the war with Si-oin, * r ‘’ also with those who counselled the r*t fH-ation of the treaty of peace I P or these two great essential steps there ca be no Issue, arid out of these came a t “ our responsibilities. If others would shirk the obligations Imposed by the *f • nJ the treaty, w-e must decline to a t I' l '' ther with them and here the isst* *•* made It Is our purpose to establish ■<' the rhlltpplnea a government suitable t* the wants ami condition* of the Inha lants and to prepare them for self*"'' ernment. and to give them self-Bvert.- men! when they are ready for It. •’ rapidly i* they are ready for It y>a I am aiming to do under my coostH 11 ' 10 ' al authority, and will continue to do til Congress shall determine the pm“ status of the Inhabitants of the arc-hip*- ago. Are our opponents against the tree > ■ If so, they must be reminded < h *' could not have been ratified In !h ' ~ ale but for their assistance. The S which ratified the treaty and the t o*ut which added Ita sanction by a large sv prnprtatlon. comprised senator* sm rrsentallves of the people of all l* n 1 ’ Would our opponent* surrender to Insurgent*, abandon our sovereign'jr • cede It to them? If that be not tn_ purpose, that. U should be *W‘