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MERE MYTHS WERE BORN.
XCA.VATIONS IN CRETE BRING TO
LIGHT THE BIRTH CAVE OF 7,E1’9.
Wonders of the Most Ancient Art
Discovered by Two British Archa
eologists in the Long-Forbidden
Island— V Vast Cavern Fall of Vo
tive Offerings and Strange and
Beautiful Weapon) Accidental
Disposition of a Candle Discovers
the Hiding Places of These Treas
ures—Minos’ Labyrinthine Palace,
With Its Fine Frescoes and Sculp
tures, Shows What Mycenaean Art
Was in Its Beginnings—Greek Civ
ilisation Shown to Have Reached
a High Plane ns Early as 3,000 B.
C.
Washington, May 31.—0n the wild and
ttle visited island of Crete two of the
tost valuable and interesting archaeoli
,cal discoveries of modern times have re
ently been made.- These are the finding
.f the birth cave of Zeus, a spot described
a both Greek and Roman classics; and
ie discovery of the famous palace of
,(ng Minos, with its mysterious labyrinth
nd chambers, on the ancient site of
nossus. two discoveries are the
•np of the work of the British ardh
iOgrets, D. G. Hogarth, -who found and
■iplored the ancient cave, and Arthur J.
vans, director of fhe British School at
u hens, to whose researches the world
indebted for the excavations that have
ought to light the palace of Minos. Both
discover! were made in the interior of
Crete, a I from them it would appear
that this stand was the birth-place and
cradle of Greek civilization and Culture.
hi the ancient Greek mythology the god
Zeus was the son o£ Kronos, King of
Heaven, and was born in a cave on a high
hill of the Island of -Crete. Because of
a prophecy that the child should cast him
from his throne, Kronos sought to kill"his
son, and it was because of this that the
mother, Rhea, fled to Crete, and there
roared the child, before whom Kronos
was forced to bow. The cave Uame to be
regarded as a holy place by the Greeks.
Minos, the Lawgiver of Greece, was the
son of Zeus, and every nine years he
repaired to the cave there to receive the
Inspired laws for the guidance of the land.
The recent discoveries would seem to
prove that the legendary Zeus and Minos
of the ancients rested on a basis of real
ity and that there was a historic aide to
them.
For many years Greek officials, and
wild hlllmen intolerant of strangers, have
prevented any explorations of the inner
part of Crete, and it is only recently,
therefore, that there has been any arch
aeological research there. Reports reach
ed the outer world that shepherds, pend
ing their flocks in the vicinity of the rocky
hill known as Dicta, had found strgnge
objects of bronze and other metals near
the mouth of a cavern. Some of these
objects found their way ir. time to the
hands of archaeologists and so manifestly
were they? votive offerings of very ancient
design that they indicated plainly a lo
cality rich in interest. When Crete was
liberated the interior of the Island was
open to visitors and the British govern
ment, securing a concession to explore
this cave, put Mr. Hogarth in charge of
the operations. At the opening of the
year ha established a camp of Cretan
workmen at the foot of the hill and be
gan the work. Soon a zigzag mule track
was made up the 500-foot slope of rock
which led to the entrance of the cave.
It took four days to blast away the im
mense boulders that blocked the entrance
to tha rave, exposing the black mouth of
the giaat orifice, which Mr. Hogarth de
scribes as follows:
"The great cave is double. There is a
shallow hall to the right and an abys
mal chasm to the left, the last not un
worthy of a place among the famous
limestone grottoes of the world. The
tdck t first breaks down sheer, but as
the light grows dim, takes an outward
slope and so falls steeply for 200 feet into
*h inky darkness. An icy pool spreads
from your feet about the bases of fan
t*s’ 'talactite columns on into the heart
the hill. Hall opens from hall with
I fretted roofs and block, unruffled floor.
| ? 'lie enough for Minos’ mysterious
I to °iuy with his father Zeus.”
I . A way having been cleared into the in-
I "arch for objects began in the
I fla,T >p mould which lay at the back of the
I 'i from five to seven feet deep. In
I " 1 i r layers many unburned offerings
I w found which had been made In all
I F r| iri.ni about the year 800 before our
I . to the dim antiquity conteni-
I [” !jn vHi the twelfth dynasty of Egyp
■ *ln Mi -oaha, 3000 B. C. The objects
I ' muiMy In bronze. A knife of My
■ J*haan curve, whose handle ends in a
■ hurra|, hr-ad of regular, Sharpe profile,
■ 'Was ere of the noteworthy discoveries.
I were also found many Ivory orna-
I in disintegrated sword hilts, and
■ leptnost strata swords, knives,
I 1 lets, etc., of Iron, with remains
■ ®r Host Hellenic pottery. These lay
■ about a rude block built of stone*
■ • feet high, no doubt an altar for
■ :l: I h' lings. Two weeks were con
■ n ' ic arlng the upper chamber. The
■ .." r ,v * m below was left to the last.
■ and the most prolific In treasures.
H IlkewlHO the most awe-lnsplr
■ size and depth. Of the work
H it subterranean grotto, Mr.
Ifl 1 '*' i says:
H .i and women clambered down
H to tlielr final task In the damp
HI finally, however, they doacend
■ ~ uid lowdr Lnto darkness until
H h< <1 the 'margin of the under-
Hfl 1 ‘ and began to grope In the
[■/'. be objects. Hen- was found .lie
H I iatlle HX, 111 almost pure eop
fm 7 ''odltlonal weapon with which
H , "Hi In war. Rings, pins, blades,
H r . '*-i*et gems, engraved with inl-
I'w, *• w *i found by the acorn.
H b'S guv* a xiarUtng and uiwst
singular discovery. A zealous groper,
wishing to put both hands to his work,
stuck his candle into a slit of stalactite
column and therein espied the edge of
a bronze blade. This proved a perfect
Mycenaean knife. But except by human
agency it could hardly have come into
that crevice. Crevice after crevice was
discovered to be stocked with blades, pins,
tweezers and here and there a votive
ax. Often it was necessary to smash
the stalactite lips that in long ages had
almost closed upon the objects. Here,
then after all, was the real Holy of Ho
lies. In this most awful part of the sa
cred grotto it was held most profitable to
dedicate in niches made by nature her
self objects fashioned expressly for the
God’s service. In these pillared halls of
unknown extent and abysmal gloom un
doubtedly was laid the scene of Minos,
legendary converse with Zeus. That
here Is the original birth cave of Zeus
there can remain no shadow of doubt.
Among the holy caverns of the world this
on Mount Dicta in virtue of its low’er
halls, must stand alone, unrivalled. One
seemed in this dismal chasm to have
come almost to s4ght and speech of the
men before As wo saw those
pillared aisles so the last worshiper who
offered a token to Zeus saw them 3,000
years before.’*
In another part of the island Mr. Ev
ans has been digging out the buried
glories of Minos, the son of Zeus. By
purchase from the Greek government he
obtained the hill known as Kephla over
looking the ancient site of Cnossus. Ex
cavations began at once and the result
has been the uncovering of a large part
of a vast prehistoric building. Minos’ pal
ace, with its numerous dependencies.
About four acres of this has been un
earthed and by an extraordaniry piece of
good fortune the remains of walls began
to appear only a foot or so below the
surface. This dwelling of ancient kings
had been overwhelmed by a great catas
trophe. ' Everywhere there were traces
of a mighty conflagration. Burnt, beams
and charred wooden columns lay within
the rooms and corridors. There was here
no graauaj decay. The civilization repre
sented on this spot had been cut short in
the fullness of its bloom. The palace
showed frequent stages of remodelling
and its early elements may go back a
thousand years or more before its final
overthrow,some 3,000 B. C. On the walls of
the corridors were still preserved the low
er part of a procession of painted life-size
figures, in the center of which was a fe
male personage, probably a queen In
magnificent apparel. Along nearly the
whole length of the building ran a spa
cious paved corridor lined by a low row
of fine stone doorways giving access to
a succession of magazines. On the floor
of these magazines huge stone Jars were
still standing, large enough to have con
tained the Forty Thieves. One of these
VOTIVE AXES AND VARIOUS KNIVES.
Jars, found in a small chamber, was
nearly five feet in hlght and profusely
carved. Only a few of the Jars were open
end they proved to be empty, hut there
Is but little doubt that they were con
structed for the deposit of treasure.
The frescoes discovered on the palace
walls constitute anew era in the history
of painting, the finest of these being that
of a youth bearing a gold-mounted silver
cup The color* are almost as brilliant
as when laid on over 3, Out) years before
For the first time a true portraiture of
a man of this mysterious race is Pictured
to us. The limbs are finely moulded,
though the waist, as usual, in Mycenaean
fashion, is tightly drawn In by asllver
mounted girdle. The profile of the fa e
Is pure ami almost classically (.reek. The
profile rendering of the eye shows on ad
vance In human portraiture such * wa
achieved by the artl.t* of clasrtcal Oreoc*
in ■he early fine art period of the fifth
century. B. C. A transition from paint
ing to sculpture was supplied by a great
relief of a bull in hard plaster, colored
with natural tints. It Is unquestionably
tho finest plastic work of the time that
has come down to u, stronger mid truer
To life than any etas,leal work of the
kind In the palate King Minos had
built the dancing gfound of Ariadne and
the famous "Labyrinth." A great part
of the ground of the palace, with It# long
corridor* and repealed ucce.*lon of blind
gellerle*. Its tortuous postages ami spa
clou* underground conduit and It* bewil
dering system of small chamber* proeent*
man> of the chara-terlsll' * of a mate
Excavations are still In progress In the
onlie. area and additional finds will 'in
doubt dly be brought to light In the near
future Illustrating UIU mysterious clvlll
gfiUMh
THE MOENING NEWS: SUNDAY. JUNE 2. 1901.
SLAVES OF MAHOGANY CAMP.
MEXICAN CAPTIVES FOR DEBT
TAKEN AWAY INTO THE
DEPTHS OF THE FOREST.
Thf Mahogany Camps Are Widely
Scattered in llie Va*t, I'npeopled
Forest ol Guatemala—After Being
Cat -Down by tlie Peon Slaves the
Trees Are Trimmed, Stamped and
Set Adrift In the Rivers to Find
Their Way to the Sea, Weeks Or
Months Later, and There to Be
Identified nnd Collected by Agent*.
Many Tranks Never Arrive, bat
the Unsiness In Very Profitable, *
the Labor Costs Nothing—sl2B,ooo
Recently Paid for a Five Years’
Mahogany Cutting Concession,
Copyright 1901 by Thomas R. Dawley, Jr.
New York, May 31.—The announcement
that a lumber company with headquar
ters at Tazasco, Mexico, has paid the
Guatemala government $125,000 in national
currency for a five years’ concession to
cut mahogany and cedar timber on the
banks of four rivers in that country calls
attention to an unknown little corner of
the world. The concesison carries with it
on its face the privilege of introducing
the necessary labor, prohibiting the im
portation of Chinese. This means that
the timber will be handled by slave labor,
for slavery, though not a recognized in
stitution, still exists there, to all intents
and purposes.
The region of the four rivers is a vast
and unexplored wilderness; the wilder
ness through which Cortez struggled on
his way to Honduras after the conquest
of Mexico, there to hang the Aztec King
Ouatemotzin, last of the Montezumas.
This tract is one mass of tangled, trop
ical forest. Twenty years ago the school
geographies of Guatemala described it as
a country inhabited by a wild. Independ
ent tribe of Indians, who recognized no
authority but that of their chiefs. In
the early part of 1890 the writer Journey
ed through this forest, traveling ten days
without seeing other human face than
that of his Mestizo servant. In the time
of Cortez the country is described by
his soldier historian, Birnal Diaz, as
thickly populated. What has become of
this population is a mystery, for the evi
dence of its existence still remains in
ruined edifices, temples and idols scatter
ed through the forests, norw grown over
with great trees.
Far up into Mexico the forest extends,
and the jhishing Mexican lumberman, a
far different type from the worthless
"Greaser” of the Northern frontier, pen
etrated the woodland wherever they could
find streams to carry the lumber down,
and established their camps. Presently
they overran the frontier and brought on
war in 1884 end again In 1896, war* which
each Instance pushed back the Guate
mala frontier. The first timber company
that went into mahogany cutting on an
extensive scare there got a concession
from the Guatemalan government and
struck In through the dense forest until
they reached a large and placid stream,
the River de la Passion, about which the
valuable trees grew thick. To get the
lumber out was the problem. Fashioning
a canoe the explorers set out down the
stream, which presently became narrow
and swift, • and rushed through a gorge
to dash over a rock *helf In a seething
torrent. Only by throwing themselves
from th* speeding canoe did the men es
cape. A long time alter th* canoe wa*
found on the Gulf beach near the mouth
of the river. If a boat could find Its way
to sea water, so could mahogany tree
trunks. Camp? were soon established
there. Then came the question of labor.
It was not to be hoped that the sun
loving. merry hearted Mexican peon*
could he templed from the social life
of the villages and cities into th# depths
of th# gloomy forest at any wage*.
f4om* other method must be found. The
cunulng Monteroe, ** the mahogany
hunters are called, d*vlnd a means of
enslaving the peons By ih* Mexican eyx
tem a man engag'd for certain tabor and
prepaid l compelled to work out hi*
wage In any Mexican town It I* easy
io pl 'k up prolix, particularly et a fete
time, who will drink a little and then be
a( iy to enter Into any kind of a contract
tor th# eak* of money far more drink.
With the amount advanced they buy a
little clothing and a great deal of mes
cal liquor, and have a round of pleasure,
at the end of which time t-hey find their
money all gone, and a squad of soldiers
waiting to escort them to their respective
camps. By this means the mahogany cut
ters found they were able to extend their
camps in the vast wilderness of both
Chiapas and Guatemala, and there vir
tually set up a little principality of their
own. It is precisely the same system of
slavery for debt devised by the stockade
owners of Anderson county. 8. C. Patch
es of the forest are now cleared and
planted in corn, and the peons are fed
on this coni, which is first boiled in a
weak solution of potash water made from
ashes, and then ground between two
stones. An occasional wild boar or other
game from the forest Is their only chang*
of food.
Few of the peons realize the fate be
fore them, because few return to tell of
It. It is a long journey to the Monteros’
camp, a Journey over a trail where every
bit of food consumed on the way must b*
carried, and sometimes water too, and the
Journey is one of days in a forest abound
ing in wild beasts. By the Mexican law
the peon can not be detained any longer
than necessary for him to work out his
indebtedness, but what is the law's avail
to the peon after he is once in the Mon
teros’ camp His miserable insufficient
food is credited to him at prices so high
that he can hardly avoid running fur
ther into debt. Moreover, the Montero
practices a system of treble entry book
keeping, by which method the peon’s debt
is constantly Increased instead of di
minishing.
As an illusiratlon of this system a
story is told of a. peon Who, endeavor
ing to keep track of his account, pro
vided himself with a little memoran
dum book, In which he requested the
Montero to mark down his indebted
ness. Once having drawn five dollars
from the Montero he discovered that
he was charged with fifteen dollars. He
at once took the book to his mas
ter and required an explanation. The
Montero pretended to fly into a terrible
rage at the stupidity of the peon, and
after swearing at him roundly, exclaimed:
“Don’t you see, you foo), there were
the five dollars you asked me for, and flva
dollars which I gave you, and flva dollars
to be charged to your account, and don’t
throe fives make fifteen? Got out of hero
and go to work."
And they say that betwen the interval#
of swinging his ax that peon is still try
ing to find out how three fives make fif
teen when he gets but one of them.
Women and even young girls are taken
into this slavery, and In the Mexlcat)
towns there are ugly tales of kidnapping
told. The discipline of the camps is bitter
and cruel. For any insubordination there
is the lash and the prison house, and any
request for payment or release is con
strued as insubordination. In some campa
the miserable creatures are chained to
gether to prevent their attempting to
escape, though their hope of ever making
♦heir way through that wild and track
leas forest to any village, without food
Coi-vnafisit -Square Bast or Altah_ . QASf sr w.WkLi orfSLAtt (Cvesun)
WESTERN COAST OF THE PALACE KNOSBAB.
or arms, would be slight Indeed. Should
they reach civilization it would be only
to be arrested as fugitives, under the peon
law. and imprisoned, or, worse still, sent
back. Tales are told of the death rate
in some of the camps that are almost in
credible. One!*, while lost In the forest,
the writer ran across one of these slave
settlements. At a thatched eabfn rear the
bank of a large river, which proved to be
the Osumaeinta, he applied for something
to eat. A table was brought out of the
cabin and a couple of Indians bustled
around, whispering together by turns.
Finally a girl came out with food and
said in Spanish:
"You are Don Tomas, are you not? And
you used to live in Coban, and I oarrled
water for you, many the time.”
“And I used to ee+t you wood,” said
one of the Indians In a mournful voice,
approaching shyly.
The writer sat bartk, his mouth filled
with twisted tortilla and egg, gazing in
amazement.
"How did you get down here so far
away from your own country?” he asked.
"Miguel Ttaruc*. brought us here?” said
the girl In a frightened tone. "He brought
US here Just after the feast of Ban Do
mingo.”
Then the Indian told how he had been
kidnapped in his native town 1n the Cor
diileros with several of his country peo
ple by the Mexican mahogany cutter,
Miguel Taruca, who, promising them big
wages, had advanced them ten dollars
each for the celebration of the Ran Do
mingo feast, had subsequently lured them
Into the forest farther and farther away
from home till now in Mexico on the
bonks of the great river, they were badly
treated and ill fed, with no prospect of
ever getting back to their homes. They
never received any money, and once when
one of their number made requeet for a
settlement he was out in the calaboose
and threatened with a long term of im
prisonment If he did not at once agree
to go back to camp and work out his in
debtedness, which was represented as a
considerable amount.
p'ood and means of escape were offered
to this man later, but be was hopeless of
being able to get away, and, moreover,
would not leave the girl and his fellows.
Miguel Taruca, by the way, shot a man
shortly after, was captured, escaped and
made his way Into another province,
Where he was Imprisoned for cutting ma
hogany without a license and hla camp
destroyed. This nearly led to another
war between Mexico and Guatemala.
Whatever became of tils peons the writer
has been unable U> find out.
After the mahogany trunk* are cut an l
trimmed by the slaves they are stumped
with name and date and aet adrift In the
river aom* of the logs take as long as
four years to make the trip; others never
are found. Nevertheless, the traffic Is
highly profitable, as tha Monteros pay no
wages, and the expense of keeping the
peons olive on corn 1* very small. Oc
caslonallv ■ log drifts down the river with
some poor peon's message of appeal for
release from bondage nailed to Its sur
face. Surety there are In the annals
of alt time no mors mournful documents
than these bits of scrawled oloth entrusted
to the wild waters of tha River de la Pas
sion to be found months perhaps, perhaps
years afterward by some wanderer on
the sea beach. -Thomas R. Dawley, Jr.
—A discovery of much Interest to geolo
gists has recently been made about the
Yellowstone river. It seem* to have been
eetabllshed beyond doubt that Yellow
stone lake, now the head of th* river, once
flowed off southward Into Htiake river. At
that time a comparatively small stream
followed the rooms of the Yellowstone
canyon, which had then nothing like ll*
(present great depth. The head of this
stream gradually ate Its way hack until
It out the divide that Inclosed the basin
of the lake, and by thus dlvarilng lha
waters of the latter formed lha Hallow
sioaa rivafi
SIDNEY HERBERTS LETTER.
THE MILFORD O. STORY COMMENT
ED PPM.
Capt. James IswtiilHß Famishes
Some Information—'The Monument
at West Point. Ga.—The Fight af
That Place a Hotly Contested One.
The West Point Academy Again.
Facts About Its Early Days—Other
Matters of Geaeral Interest.
Pine Crest Villa, Maitland, Fla., Juno
I.—A veteran writes to know where he
can get a copy of CoJ. B. W. Wrenn’a
Souvenir of the First Reunion Of the U.
C. V., held at Chattanooga. I cannot now
tell, as my own spare copies have all
been given away, and Col. Wrenn is
himself without one • • • The May
issue of "The Lost Cause” has a very fine
picture of "Brigadier General Nathan
Bedford Forrest," In a major general's
uniform, while the sketch says he was
a lieutenant general. This is as bad as
the Georgia paper's "Gen. Forest.” • • *
The commander-in-chief of the United
Sons of C. V., Blscoe Hindman, is called
a "West Pointer," is hardly correct. He
was a cadet at West Point, but made a
poor record there and failed to graduate.
Since then, however, he has .become a
prominent educator and enterprising
citizen. Smart men often fall at West
Point, while young men not as smart suc
ceed in graduating. * * • The active
presence at the Confederate reunion at
Memphis of Rev. Gen. C. A. ©vans, of
the Methodists, and Rev. Or. J. William
Jones, of the Baptists and Bishop T. F.
Gailor, of the Episcopalians, ought to
satisfy Sergt. Win. Riley Boyd that the
"Put up Thy Sword" era is not yet in
sight.
Press telegrams announce the death at
Milford, 0., of Col. James G. Miner, said
to have boen assistant secretary of the
Confederate states navy, once wealthy,
but dying at 82 years of age, in poverty.
I do not find his name in the navy re
cords, in any capacity, but Commander
George Minor was the heed of the ord
nance bureau and be and Lieut. Robert
D. Minor, C. . N., had charge of ord
nance manufacture at Tredegar iron
works, of which Col. J. G. Miner was
said to be a part owner before the war.
Master John C. Minor and Surgeon Lewis
W. Minor were also In the navy, but I
can discover no mention of a James G.
Miner. * • * There are Just as many
reasons why arbitration should have tak
en the place of war in 1861 as there are
why the same policy should prevail to
day. Mr. Wm. Riley Boyd was Just as
much "a blood-thirsty murderer" as a
sergeant in the Civil War as is sny sol
dier now in service. His plea for pence
is weakened by his own course in the
Civil War, for he comes Into the discus-
slon with bloody hands. We who fought
In that war, on either side, are not quali
fied to censure people who in these later
days pirefer war to arbitration. "Put up"
or ”hut up” la a good motto In this mat
ter.
Henry Hatt writes me from Savannah
to know about hi* uncle, Samuel Shaw,
of Millersburg, 0., a soldier In an Ohio
regiment, who died at Hilton Head, 8.
C., during the Civil War. The regiment
was organized, he says, at Steubenville,
but he was too small then to remember
tli* company or regiment his uncle was
In Replying to his inquiry I am glad to
be able to tell him that his uncle, Sam
uel Shaw, of Company F, Twenty-fifth
Ohio Regiment of volunteer Infantry, who
died at Hilton Head, Oct. 24, 1864, Is
burled In the Ohio section of the National
Cemetery at Beaufort, 8. C., and the head
stone at his grave Is No 849, which will
enable him to find the grave without any
trouble.
Under date of RldgevlUe, Oa., May 23,
a former well-known citizen of Savannah,
Capt. James LacMlsoo, kindly gives me
some valuable information in regard to
a matter discussed in my letter of Sun
day, May 19. He says: "In your last Sun
day's letter you say ‘Clarence R. Yonge
Is recorded as paymaster, and yet I do
not find his name In the Hat of Confed
erate naval officers,' I think I can tell
you t>he reason why his name does not
appear on that honored list. If you will
turn to page *l7 of ‘Service Afloat,’ by
Admiral Rernmes, you will find the follow
ing: 'Myers, tlh* paymaster of the Sum
ter, was unfortunately for me, tn prison
In F<fft Warren, when the Alabama was
commissioned. • • • In his place I was
forced to content myself with a man, as
paymaster, who shall be nameless In
these page*, since he afterward, upon be
ing discharged by me, for utter worth
lossoeas, went over to the enemy, and
became one of 'Mr. Adams’ hangerson,
and paid wltnessee and spies about Liv
erpool and the legation at London. • • •
This man the only recruit t/he enemy ever
got from the ranks of my officers.'
"The men now living who were students
at the Chatham Academy in the early
fifties will remember ‘Candy’ Yonge. He
belonged to one of Havannah's best fam
ilies, who felt keenly the disgrace he had
brought upbn himself, and his name. I
suppose that the Murray Stewart who
has been corresponding with you Is the
son of my old friend and comrade MaJ.
'Jim' Stewart of Savannah. He and T
nerved in th* same brigade during the
war, and 1 have eaten 'his flop-jacks and
hog meat, when rations were scarce, and
the wonder was where the meat came
from. H# Is one of the beat men I ever
knew, and on# of my dearast and most
cherished friend. I enjoy reading your
letters and hope you will live long and
continue to write up the history of tha
'time* that tried men'* souls,’ end their
soles, also.”
It is quite proper for Weet Point, fia ,
to erect a monumtmt commemorative of
the bloody contest that took place there
on May 16. IMF but when It Is claimed
that Oils was “the last battle of the Civil
War,” the movement goes too far. It Is
true that the last Confederate general—
Frederick L. Tyler—killed In that war fell
In and fenae of Fort Tyler, located near
West Point. It Is, however, equally true,
I think, that the last Confederate colonel
killed In that war—C. A. L. Lamur—lieu
tenant colonel of the Seventh Georgia
Battalion of Infantry* father of Mr*. F.
(1. dußlgnon of Savannah), fell! on tha
name day In defense of Columbus. Ga.
Gen. Iwe surrendered on April 9. hut Gen.
Johnston, not until April K Then nunc
the surrender of Lieut. Gen Dick Taylor,
on Mey *; MaJ. Gen. Bam Jones, In Flor
ida. on Mey 19; Brin. Gen. Jeff Thomp
son. on Mey 11, and Lieut. Gen. R. Kirby
Smith, on May M The lest fight u( tic,
vat U ewppveed lo bay* Uetu al t'aluivtia
Jackson, Metzger & Co.’s
Annual June Sale!
Commencing Monday morning. Every day a bar
gain day this month. The following are for next
week’s offering:
4th I 1901 JUNE 1901 I 4th
Sun. I Mon.| Tum i Wed.|Thur.| Frl. | Sat.
Annual ii ii 1 1 Annual
2 3 I 4 |_S_| 6 [ 7J_£
June 91 io in 1121 13 1 14 1 is June
Col* 16 |17118119i20 |2l| 22 c -
Daie gg: j 4 25 12 b. 27 12s 29 oaie
200 lengths of Embroidery, measuring
4V4 yards each, the piece
15c piece
700 Huckaback Towels, pure flax,
hemmed, worth 15c; each
IO cents
800 Sheets for double bed, soft finish
laundered ready for use, eajch
53 cents
500 Spreads, extra size, hemmed ends,
on sale
63 cents
20 pieces Striped Linens Punjab (silk
finish), bought to sell at 4e, yard
33 cents
10 pieces Jaconet Lawns, very desira
ble styles, bought to sell #t 15c,
10 cents
80 pieces White Novelty Lawns, strip
ed and plaids, lace effect, yard
10 cents
Lot A—Men’s White Madras Shirts
(negligee), the latest styles, seasonable
bargain,
98 cents
Lot B—Men’s Belts, tan color, strong
first-class leather, nickel buckle,
25 cents
f
Lot C—Men’s Balbrlggan Undervests
and Ilrawers, worth 3oc, on sale
25 cents
Lot D—Men's Night Shirts, made of
fine cambric, V neck, June sale price,
50 cents
Lot l—Assorted line of Flowers, Roses
Foliage, on sal a Millinery Parlor
10 cents
Lot 2—Assorted Flowers, formerly
sold at 76c and SI.OO, bunch
25 cents
Ranch, In Texas, on May 13. The war
was opened Jan. 9, 1861, by the shot fired
at the Star of the West, In Charleston,
8. C.. harbor, and was ended on Aug. 12,
1865, by President Johnson’s proclamation.
The West Point fight was e most hotly
contested one, and tho mixed Confederate*
who defended F'ort Tyler fought like ‘‘reg
ulars'’ In the desperate effort to repel
the advancing and overwhelming foe. And
y#t Gen. Cullum does not Include It in
his list of battles, and Hummersley puts
It down as “Fort Taylor.” The fort was
a temporary defend* anil named for Gen.
Tyler, an Invalided soldier of Terms see.
who bo!rig at Weft Point on sick leave,
commanded such troops and citizens as
oould be-'rallied to a "forlorn hope.” The
men who fought there, * well as those
who fell, deserve th* monumental honors
Just paid them. A* usual, however, this
monument bears tho familiar legend: "A
tribute of love from the Women of the
South to the heroes of the Confederacy.”
I see that my dear old friend, Capt. W.
W. Halbert, division superintendent of the
Southern Express Company at Atlanta,
was grand marshal of the parade. He
went into the war with the West Point
Guards, and was a brave and palrio-.10
soldier to the end of the struggle. And
sine* the war he has been a prim* mover
in the Survivors' Association of tha Uoles-
Cook Brigade. lie married an estimable
Savannah lady—Misa Hollister—and no
man Is more beloved by the Confederate
veterans, who know him well.
The new "outbreak” at West Point Mil
itary Acgdemy, an detailed In th* dully
press, reminds me that several week# ago
I wrote as follow* In <*io of my letters:
"Next week 1 will show that Supt. Byl
vanu* Thayer called the Flit her of the
Academy, and Acting Superintendent Al
den Partridge, both eminent to.glneera
and instructors, were compelled to resign
because their discipline v/ao too strict.
I will also give a private cadet song on
■Bob’ Garnett'* strict discipline as com
mamdant.” Many thing* tiave prevented
an earlier attention to thta matter, but
I now give the promised matter. In do
ing so. however, I deny that the cadet*
at West Point have been or are worse—
If a* bad-as student* In other Institu
tions of learning, a is proved by the high
characters and rare gifts of the alumni,
and of hundreds of cadets who did not
graduate because of demerits, deficiency tn
studies or bad conduct out of the ordi
nary. Even good old Franklin College
and the University of Georgia has a long
roll of dismissed student* for bad oon
duet, etc., a* have other college#.
In the early days of Weet Point the
academy wa* In charge of the engineer
officer*, and they were noted for their
atrtot discipline. Oapt. Alden Partrbtge
was driven lo resignation, on account of
his severe discipline, and Col. Sylvanux
Thayer was removed for the same reason.
MaJ. Robert 8. Gam#tt (who was killed
ui Rich Mountain, as a gallant Confed
erate general), while commandant of ca
dets, also fell under censure for hi* strict
discipline. Cadet Cornelia# Van Camp,
who wa* killed by the Indian* while a
lieutenant of til# Second United State*
Cavalry In Texas, wa* a star graduate
(No. 8) tn the class of 1855, und yet he
ww* the author of the following surcaetlo
song entttled “Major Bob G.,” and sung
by th* cadets to the familiar tune of "The
Widow McCree,” which wsi a sort of
farewell hot at strict MaJ. Garnett, who
Just about thl* time was relieved and
ordered to duty at Fortress Monroe.
I.
Now. my dear Commandant, ’tie no won
der you frown,
* Orh hone, Major Bob Q.
Poputarlty for you I* fset going down.
Och hone, Major Bob O.
How altered our air with thee* drat*
cap* we wear,
And you've out off our hair, which thould
0* Bowing free;
There * no longer a uhnrl that can boaat
200 lengths of Wmbnoldery, measiif**
In* 4V4 yr<ln, each
25c piece
80 pieces Black Woolen Fabric, first--,
class dyes, displayed on Center Coun
ters, the yard
44 cents
non-sweat shop made, on sal* ' V j
like silk, designs like silk, yard ?
15 cents
90 pieces drslralrf* Foulard' 9ilk that
sold at 75c and SI.OO. on sale at
50 cents
eo pieces Colored Taffeta Silks, desira
ble new shadings, regular price 85a,
59 cents
40 pieces Figured Ch allies, satin
striped, new goods, worth 39c; Juno
sale price
20 cents
100 pairs Todies' Richelieu Rlttoed.'
Hdhe, fast colors, 390 and 49c quality,
25 cents
408 Ladies’ Handkerchiefs, colored and
white, a linen article,
8# cents
200 pair* Children's Sdhool Hose, fast
colors, durable goods, 25c values,
15 cents
100 pairs Ladles' Drawers, duster
tucked, regular made, turned seams,
16 cents
Lot I—Boys’ Pants and Waists. Three
pants are made of washable material,
the walsta are made of Perea!lt fast
colors,
25 cents
200 Corset Covers, made of cambrto,
75 odd pieces of FfiuThrdlnef), looks
12# cents
Lot *—T’ntrlmmed Hats, formerly
sold at 75a SI.OO and $1.25, on sale
25 cents
of a curl,
Ocb hone, Major Bob Q.
/ i
n.
Oh, my dear Commandant, you’ve re
ported us so,
Och hone, Major Bob O.
How to prevent being "found" ww really,
don’t know,
Ocb hone, Major Bob G. „
To offer an excuse Is no manner of use.
If there Is a word of abuse, 'tie tha first
thing you see.
And unlqse milk and water, f course
quite Improper,
Ooh hone, Major Bob G.
IIL
Now, my dear Commandant, without
telling a lie,
Och hone, Major Bob G.
I don’t think It exactly la proper to epy,
Och hone. Major Bob G.
W* are really afraid when we go t pa
rade, •
A* you stand by In the shad* or behind
some big tree.
That you’ll "pink” half tha oorpa and
perhaps a ferw more.
Och hone, Major Bob G.
IV.
Borne word* of advice, my dear Major
Bab U.,
Ooh hone. Major Bob G.
From somebody else, indirectly from me,
Och hone, Major Bob G.
Let us be as before you came into the
corps,
And don’t drill us from four until time
for tea;
Nor watch Ilka a ferrlt to give us demerit,
Och hone, Major Bob O.
Now, the spirit that prompted this ef
fusion is the same that Inspired the ca
dets to hold secret meetings and use con
temptuous language in their criticisms of
Superintendent Mills. But then, as now,
parents and congressmen and war offi
cials at Washington, did not
sustain proper discipline at the academy.
Insubordinate cadets were restored by the
Secretary of War In respone to appeals
from parents and congressmen, but many
of them were again dismissed for later
offenses. One of these, however, became
a distinguished divine In the Episcopal
Church, and his namesake Is now a South
ern blshop Another one became th#
Bishop of Michigan, but In his later years
was deposed for Immorality. Even that
good man, Rev. Dr. FYancie L. Vinton,
while a cadet, wrefte a pretty song. “Up
In the Cockloft,” which Is full of evi
dence that discipline was on that night
at least scattered to the four winds of
heaven." Here are two verses;
Up in the cockloft.
Hear that Jolly sound,
All the fellows are a smiling.
The bottle Is a passing 'round.
• ••••••a*
"Fill up the meerschaum,
Draw the curtains tight,
While the officer* are sleeping
We’ll keep It up awhile to-night.
It will be seen, therefore, that all th#
cadets who make the fun. or whose de
merit*, piled mountain high, cause (heir
discharge or dismiss*), ere not really bed
fellow*, only too highly charged with hu
mor. etc. Sidney Herbert.
J. D.Weed & Cos.
Roofing Tin, Rubber and Leather
Belting, Railroad Spikes, Bar Iron, etc
ffu DROPSY T£ T i°
. ~Dukk relief. Cures worat caee*. Boole
' r ofteetimoolata eud 10 o*lß' treatment
iAjfX FftU, DM. H. H.ODCtNI'IONI,
1 VmJ .BOX f> ATLANTA, OA.
11